PREVENTION OF BLINDNESS: Vision Screening for School Children in Tarlac

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Sight for the Eyes to Behold

If you were to choose, which sense organ would you least likely want to

lose? Your sense of touch ? Your sense of smell ? Your sense of taste ? Your sense of hearing ? Your eyesight ?

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Childhood Blindness: Why is it a priority?• Children who are born blind or who becomes blind

and survives have a lifetime of blindness ahead.

• Many of the causes of childhood blindness are either preventable or treatable.

• Many of the conditions associated with childhood blindness are also causes of child mortality. (premature birth, measles, congenital rubella, vitamin A deficiency, meningitis)

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Implication of Childhood Visual Impairment

A visually impaired child:• May need a lifetime of home care• Will require special and costly education• Will need continuous specialized ophthalmic care• Will have social development curtailed• Will have limited career choices• Likely to be less economically productive

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Vision 2020 Philippines priority areas:

1. Cataract2. Errors of Refraction3. Childhood Blindness4. Vitamin A deficiency

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Childhood visual impairment: The Philippine Picture

Philippine population: • 92.7 million ( as of 2008 )• 0-14 yrs : 31.98% or 32

million

32 million X 0.12% = 37,200 blind Filipino children

who are < 14 years old

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Eye Care PersonnelPrimary Secondary Tertiary

Barangay Health WorkersCommunity Health NursesTeachersVolunteers

MID-LEVEL:Pediatricians, Family medicineCommunity MDsOptometrists

General Ophthalmologists

Ophthalmology residents

Subpecialists

Control of Visiual Loss in Children

Involves Good Primary Health Care • Services for immunization• Maternal & Child health care• Health education• Good nutrition• Availability of essential drugs• Clean water supplies• Good sanitation• Control of endemic diseases

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EYE SCREENING ACTIVITY with the VITAL PARTICIPATION of teachers aim

to reduce visual loss in the school setting.

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External and Internal Parts of the Eye

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Anatomy of the Eye

How do we see?

How do we see?

How do we see?

Let Us Review

The Normal Eye vs. Abnormal Eye

Important Rules for a NORMAL Healthy Eye

1.The WHITE part ( CONJUNCTIVA-SCLERA )

must be WHITE.2. The CLEAR part ( CORNEA ) must be

CLEAR.3. The BLACK part ( PUPIL ) must be BLACK.

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Important Rules for a Healthy Eye

4. The EYELIDS should open and close properly.

5. The VISION must be GOOD.

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An Abnormal EyeCommon Problems Referable to the Eye

Common Eye Problems or Complaints

1. Redness of the eye2. Secretions ( tearing, discharge or crusting )3. Disturbances in vision4. Eye pain or discomfort5. Lumps or bumps; growths or cysts in the eyelid

or on the eyeball6. Injury to the eye7. Misaligned or ‘ crooked ‘ eye

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A. Redness of the EyeConjunctivitis – commonly referred to as ‘ sore eyes ’

Redness – described as ‘ namumula ’

Blood in the eye – described as ‘dumugo’ or may ‘pasa’

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Namumulang Mata

B. SecretionsTearing – described as ‘ nagluluha’Secretions or Discharge – described as ‘nagmumuta’ o may ‘muta’

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C. Disturbances in VisionBlurring of Vision ( “panlalabo or nanglalabo” )Cloudy vision ( “maulap” o “may ambon” )Darkening of vision or black outs ( “nandidilim o nawawala ang paningin” )Sudden diminished vision ( “biglang lumabo” )Loss of functional vision or ‘blindness’ Flashes of light ( “ may kumikislap” )Floaters ( “may lumulutang” )

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D. Eye Pain or DiscomfortSmarting sensation ( “mahapdi” )Grittiness or sandy sensation ( “ may buhangin, magaspang” )Globe pain ( “masakit buong mata” )Periocular discomfort ( “mabigat or parang dinidiinan” )Sensation of dryness ( “nanunuyo” )

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Other Discomfort referable to the Eye

Lid heaviness ( mabigat talukap or parang inaantok ) Dizziness ( “hilo” )Headache ( “masakit ang ulo” )Itchiness ( “pangangati ng mata” )Sensation of stickiness ( “malagkit ang mata” )

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E. Lumps, Bumps, Cysts or Growths

TumorsLumps in the eyelid Lumps or cysts in the lids

or adjacent areasStye ( “kuliti” )Fleshy mass on the eye

growing into the cornea ( “pugita” )

Yellowish bump or lump near the cornea

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F. Injuries to the EyeForeign BodyBlunt injury ( poked,

bumped, boxed )Sharp injury or CutsBurns ( thermal or

electrical )Chemical injury or burnsAssociated with facial

injuries as in vehicular accidents 30

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REFRACTIVE ERRORS/ LOW VISION

BASIC EYE SCREENING in the Community

SCREENING Objectives:1. Differentiate a normal from an abnormal eye2. Detect members of the school with eye complaints or vision problems ( Do gross examination and vision screening )3. Refer students with eye problems. COMPONENTS OF SCREENING:• Vision Testing• External eye examination

Vision Screening for Children involves DISTANCE visual acuity testing \

Visual Acuity Chart in the PhilippinesDistance (Far Vision)

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Bailey-Lovie /National Eye Institute ChartSnellen Chart

Linaw Tingin Vision Screening for Children: Distance Vision

• Modified Bailey-Lovie VA Screening Chart for children testing distance = 4 meters

Important Rules when Testing Vision

• Correct Set-up Chart is well lighted, at eye level and located at proper testing distance

• Student is cooperative and comfortable• Record findings properly 36

• Test one eye at a time• Always do RIGHT EYE

first• Ensure other eye is

adequately covered.• Test child with their

eyeglasses on ( still one eye at a time ) to check if their glasses are still OK or not

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Corneal Light Reflex Test• NORMAL• Reflection at the CENTER

and SYMMETRICAL

• Materials needed:• Penlight• Dim room

• Procedure• Sit the child 2-3 feet away

from examiner• Shine a light towards both

eyes• Observe where the

reflection fall on the cornea

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NORMAL

What do you notice?

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What do you notice?

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What do you notice?

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Kapit bisig tayo mangarap: Malinaw na paningin para sa lahat ng Kabataan!!