Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853 - Warren County Public Schools · Americans Support Manifest Destiny West occupied by Native Americans and Mexicans Americans view West as unoccupied,

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Manifest Destiny, Manifest Destiny, 18101810––18531853

Manifest Destiny, 1810Manifest Destiny, 1810––18531853

Westward Westward expansion has expansion has political, political, economic, and economic, and social effects on social effects on the development the development of the United of the United States.States.

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Mountain Men Open the WestMountain Men Open the West

Mountain men explore Mountain men explore the West while the West while searching for furssearching for furs They provide They provide

knowledge of West that knowledge of West that helps later pioneers helps later pioneers move westmove west Jedediah Smith finds Jedediah Smith finds

South Pass that was South Pass that was later used by pioneers later used by pioneers as wagon trail as wagon trail

The Lure of the WestThe Lure of the West

Many use the West to make money and Many use the West to make money and take land from Native Americanstake land from Native Americans Land speculators buy huge areas of land, Land speculators buy huge areas of land,

hope value will increase hope value will increase If value goes up, speculators divide land If value goes up, speculators divide land

into smaller sectionsinto smaller sections

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The Lure of the WestThe Lure of the West

Make great profits selling sections to Make great profits selling sections to thousands of settlersthousands of settlers Manufacturers and merchants soon Manufacturers and merchants soon

follow the settlers westfollow the settlers west They hope to earn money, making, They hope to earn money, making,

and selling items farmers needand selling items farmers need

The Santa Fe TrailThe Santa Fe Trail

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The Trail to Santa FeThe Trail to Santa Fe

Mexico gains Mexico gains independence (1821) independence (1821) and opens its borders to and opens its borders to American tradersAmerican traders William Becknell goes to William Becknell goes to

Santa Fe, New Mexico, Santa Fe, New Mexico, opens Santa Fe Trailopens Santa Fe Trail He makes profit trading, He makes profit trading,

news spreads, traders news spreads, traders can get rich in New can get rich in New MexicoMexico

The Trail to Santa FeThe Trail to Santa Fe

Becknell makes Becknell makes another trip to another trip to Santa Fe, uses a Santa Fe, uses a shortcutshortcut Soon hundreds Soon hundreds

of traders use of traders use same route from same route from Missouri to New Missouri to New MexicoMexico

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The Oregon TrailThe Oregon Trail Started in Independence, Missouri and ended in Started in Independence, Missouri and ended in

Portland, Oregon (the Willamette Valley)Portland, Oregon (the Willamette Valley) The route to Oregon followed some of the same paths The route to Oregon followed some of the same paths

that Lewis & Clark had followed decades before.that Lewis & Clark had followed decades before.

Oregon FeverOregon Fever

Hundreds of settlers Hundreds of settlers begin migrating west begin migrating west on the Oregon Trailon the Oregon Trail First whites to cross to First whites to cross to

Oregon are Oregon are missionariesmissionaries U.S. and Britain argue U.S. and Britain argue

over ownership of over ownership of OregonOregon

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Oregon FeverOregon Fever

Missionaries report Missionaries report about Oregon’s rich about Oregon’s rich land, attract many land, attract many settlerssettlers In 1843, nearly In 1843, nearly

1,000 people travel 1,000 people travel from Missouri to from Missouri to OregonOregon

The Mormon TrailThe Mormon Trail

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The Mormon TrailThe Mormon Trail MormonsMormons——members members

of Church of Jesus of Church of Jesus Christ of LatterChrist of Latter--Day Day SaintsSaints People fought against People fought against

the Mormons the Mormons because:because: Beliefs are different Beliefs are different

from traditional from traditional Christianity Christianity

Practice polygamyPractice polygamy Vote in blocksVote in blocks Opposition to slaveryOpposition to slavery

The Mormon TrailThe Mormon Trail

Mob kills Mormon leader Mob kills Mormon leader Joseph Smith, Mormons Joseph Smith, Mormons decide to leave U.S.decide to leave U.S. Next leader, Brigham Next leader, Brigham

Young, leads 1,600 Young, leads 1,600 Mormons to Utah (1847) Mormons to Utah (1847) Build settlement by the Build settlement by the

Great Salt LakeGreat Salt Lake

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Americans Support Manifest Americans Support Manifest Destiny Destiny

West occupied by Native West occupied by Native Americans and MexicansAmericans and Mexicans Americans view West as Americans view West as

unoccupied, many want to unoccupied, many want to settle in regionsettle in region Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny——U.S. U.S.

expansion from Atlantic to expansion from Atlantic to the Pacific is sure to the Pacific is sure to happenhappen

Americans Support Manifest Americans Support Manifest Destiny Destiny

Manifest destiny Manifest destiny becomes U.S. becomes U.S. policy under policy under President James President James K. PolkK. Polk U.S. and Britain U.S. and Britain

divide Oregon divide Oregon territory at 49th territory at 49th parallel (1846) parallel (1846)

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Troubles with MexicoTroubles with Mexico

U.S. Congress admits U.S. Congress admits Texas as slave state Texas as slave state (1846) this angers Mexico(1846) this angers Mexico Texas and Mexico do not Texas and Mexico do not

agree on official border, agree on official border, U.S. diplomacy failsU.S. diplomacy fails General Zachary Taylor General Zachary Taylor

stations U.S. troops in stations U.S. troops in disputed regiondisputed region

Troubles with MexicoTroubles with Mexico

Action viewed by Action viewed by Mexico as an act of Mexico as an act of war, Mexico attacks war, Mexico attacks U.S. patrolU.S. patrol Congress declares war Congress declares war

on Mexico, some on Mexico, some Americans are against Americans are against warwar Southerners want to Southerners want to

extend slavery into extend slavery into Texas, Northerners do Texas, Northerners do notnot

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The Invasion of MexicoThe Invasion of Mexico

General Zachary General Zachary Taylor leads U.S. Taylor leads U.S. troops into Mexico troops into Mexico from Texasfrom Texas Fights Santa Anna Fights Santa Anna

and Mexican troops and Mexican troops at Buena Vista, the at Buena Vista, the Mexican troops Mexican troops retreatretreat

The Invasion of MexicoThe Invasion of Mexico

General Winfield General Winfield Scott and U.S. Scott and U.S. troops land in troops land in Veracruz, MexicoVeracruz, Mexico They head inland They head inland

to Mexico City, to Mexico City, fight Mexican fight Mexican troops, and capture troops, and capture Mexico City Mexico City

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The Mexican CessionThe Mexican Cession

War ends with the War ends with the Treaty of Guadalupe Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)Hidalgo (1848) Mexico recognizes Mexico recognizes

Texas as a part of Texas as a part of the U.S. and the Rio the U.S. and the Rio Grande as Grande as Mexican/U.S. borderMexican/U.S. border


Mexico gives up Mexico gives up vast region known vast region known as the Mexican as the Mexican Cession:Cession: amounts to almost amounts to almost

oneone--half of Mexicohalf of Mexico U.S. pays Mexico U.S. pays Mexico

$15 million for $15 million for regionregion

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Mexicans in U.S. Mexicans in U.S. become a become a minority and minority and contribute to contribute to American cultureAmerican culture

““From Sea to Shining Sea”From Sea to Shining Sea”

Mexico sells land to Mexico sells land to U.S., the Gadsden U.S., the Gadsden Purchase (1853):Purchase (1853): costs U.S. $10 costs U.S. $10

millionmillion includes southern includes southern

New Mexico and New Mexico and ArizonaArizona

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““From Sea to Shining Sea”From Sea to Shining Sea”

In 1848, the U.S. In 1848, the U.S. extends from the extends from the Atlantic to the Atlantic to the Pacific Pacific President Polk President Polk

learns gold was learns gold was found in found in CaliforniaCalifornia

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California Before the RushCalifornia Before the Rush

Before gold rush, Before gold rush, California is populated California is populated by Native Americans by Native Americans and Californiosand Californios CaliforniosCalifornios——California California

settlers of Spanish or settlers of Spanish or Mexican descentMexican descent Most live on huge cattle Most live on huge cattle

ranches ranches

Rush for GoldRush for Gold

News of gold News of gold discovery spreads discovery spreads rapidly and starts rapidly and starts California gold rushCalifornia gold rush Gold rush occurs Gold rush occurs

when many people when many people move to where gold move to where gold has been foundhas been found

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Rush for GoldRush for Gold

Thousands of gold seekers Thousands of gold seekers set out to California using set out to California using one of 3 routes:one of 3 routes: sail around South America sail around South America

and up Pacific coastand up Pacific coast sail to Isthmus of Panama, sail to Isthmus of Panama,

crossover, then sail to crossover, then sail to CaliforniaCalifornia travel overland across travel overland across

North AmericaNorth America

Life in the Mining CampsLife in the Mining Camps

FortyForty--ninersniners——people who go to people who go to California to find California to find gold, starting 1849gold, starting 1849 Often live in camps Often live in camps

with colorful names with colorful names like Coyote like Coyote Diggings, or Diggings, or HangtownHangtown

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Life in the Mining CampsLife in the Mining Camps

Camp life is Camp life is dangerous and the dangerous and the mining is hard work, mining is hard work, few find much goldfew find much gold Miners pay high Miners pay high

prices for supplies prices for supplies and con artists and con artists swindle minersswindle miners

The Impact of the Gold RushThe Impact of the Gold Rush

During gold rush 250,000 During gold rush 250,000 people flood into California people flood into California and it is over by 1852and it is over by 1852 San Francisco becomes San Francisco becomes

center for banking, center for banking, shipping, and trade shipping, and trade Gold rush ruins many Gold rush ruins many

Californios, Americans Californios, Americans seize their propertyseize their property

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The Impact of the Gold RushThe Impact of the Gold Rush Thousands of Native Thousands of Native

Americans die from Americans die from diseases brought by minersdiseases brought by miners Thousands of Native Thousands of Native

Americans were killedAmericans were killed Due to gold rush, California Due to gold rush, California

has enough people to apply has enough people to apply for statehoodfor statehood California is admitted as free California is admitted as free

state in 1850state in 1850

The Impact of the Gold RushThe Impact of the Gold Rush

Outlaws slavery but Outlaws slavery but does not grant African does not grant African Americans right to Americans right to vote vote Southerners fear Southerners fear

California will upset California will upset the balance between the balance between slave and free statesslave and free states Conflict over issue Conflict over issue

threatens survival of threatens survival of the Unionthe Union

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Chinese men came to Chinese men came to American to American to find jobs building find jobs building

railroadsrailroads to get rich finding gold to get rich finding gold

in Californiain California to find work as to find work as

agricultural harvesters.agricultural harvesters.

Chinese AmericansChinese Americans

Many immigrants coming into the US were Many immigrants coming into the US were detained for weeks and sometimes months detained for weeks and sometimes months before being granted entry. before being granted entry.


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The first group of people to be legally The first group of people to be legally excluded from entering the US were the excluded from entering the US were the Chinese.Chinese.


The Transcontinental The Transcontinental RailroadRailroad

•At the end of the Civil War railroad tracks still stopped at the Missouri River.

•Men had dreamed of building a line from coast to coast.

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•The Transcontinental Railroad, when built, was 1,775 miles from Omaha, NE to Sacramento, CA.


A path would have to be cut through:

•Mountains higher than any railroad-builder had ever faced

•Span deserts where there was no water anywhere

•Cross treeless prairies where anxious and defiant Indians would resist their passage.

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•In 1862, Congress gave charters to two companies to build these tracks.

•The Central Pacific was to push eastward from Sacramento, over the Sierra Nevada mountains.

•The Union Pacific was to start from Omaha Nebraska, cross the great plains and cut through the Rockies.


•The Union Pacific and Central Pacific were locked in a race to see who could lay the most track to get the most land and money.

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Stanford Huntington Hopkins Crocker

The Central Pacific Railroad made these four investors some of the wealthiest men in America.


•Finally, on May 10, 1869, The Central Pacific Railroad and Union Pacific Railroad met at Promontory Summit, Utah.

Documents

Manifest Destiny, 1810–1853 - Warren County Public Schools · Americans Support Manifest Destiny West occupied by Native Americans and Mexicans Americans view West as unoccupied,