Manual de Colocacion Completo

7/21/2019 Manual de Colocacion Completo

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Mzvekdfc Amjvcx"

Mzvdkcz cxg}aaczcz fm aamgdx ndzvd ]f" jcb }bd b}myd nmxxdkembvd t}m!

jxmmkcz! du}fdxä mb h}mbd kmfefd d fmzdxxcaadx ma kmxjdfc fm ad jcbzvx}jjeúb

u mb pdxvej}adx! ad }veaedjeúb fm dezadkembvcz"

Mb mzvm vemkpc nmkcz xmjcgefc acz jckmbvdxecz fm vmjnezvdz! jcbzvx}jvcxmz

u pxcimzecbdamz t}m! +jcb ma dpcxvm fm z} m~pmxembjed pxcimzecbda+! jckpdxvmb

z}z jcbcjekembvcz u bcz pmxkevmb ycajdxacz mb mzvd b}myd mfejeúb fma Kdb}da

fm Jcacjdjeúb fm EZCADBV Z"D"

Ydud d vcfcz b}mzvxcz dkegcz vmjnezvdz u pxcimzecbdamz! b}mzvxc zebjmxc

dgxdfmjekembvc"

Dt}ë nmkcz dkpaedfc acz i}bfdkmbvcz häzejcz fm acz fezvebvcz dezadkembvcz

t}m fmhm vmbmx j}dat}emx nmjnc jcbzvx}jveyc! fmvdaadkcz pdzc d pdzc ad icxkd

fm jcacjdjeúb u xmzca}jeúb u dpcxvdkcz fmvdaamz jcbzvx}jveycz t}m p}mfmb zmx+

yex fm g}ëd pdxd t}m ]f" fmzdxxcaam z} adhcx pxcimzecbda"

Pcx ÿavekc! pxmzmbvdkcz acz fezvebvcz pxcf}jvcz t}m EZCADBV Z"D" fmzdxxcaad

u idhxejd pdxd ma kmxjdfc acjda m ebvmxbdjecbda"

Jckc zemkpxm! zmg}ekcz vxdhdodbfc jcb u pdxd }zvmf! gxdjedz pcx djckpdôdxbcz"

Fmodkcz mb z}z kdbcz b}mzvxc B}myc Kdb}da fm Jcacjdjeúb"

Jcxfedamz zda}fcz"

Kdxgdxevd Kdu

Gmxmbvm fm Kdxlmvebg

EZCADBV Z"D"

M

X Z

E C B 8 " 0



6

Mamkmbvcz fm }b vmjnc

Pdxvmz fm }bd j}hemxvd 7

Jcbzefmxdbfc ad pmbfembvm fm fezvebvcz vepcz fm j}hemxvd >

Jäaj}ac fm z}pmxiejem fm j}hemxvd mb vmjncz ebjaebdfcz u j}xycz 5

Gmbmxdaefdfmz fm acz mamkmbvcz käz }z}damz fm j}hemxvd?

jndpd u vmodz 40

Jcacjdjeúb fm feimxmbvmz vepcz fm vmodz 48

_cbdz fm z}jjeúb 4:

Mzvx}jv}xdz

Mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd 46

Mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd 47

Mamkmbvcz fm ieodjeúb 47

Mzvx}jv}xd fm ncxkegúb u#c yeg}mvdz pxmvmbzdfdz 4>

Dezadjecbmz

Dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd 80

Jcbfmbzdjeúb 84

Dezadjeúb våxkejd 88

Jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbf}jjeúb 8:

Jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbymjjeúb 86

Jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx xdfedjeúb 8=

Jckpdxdveyd mbvxm EZCADBV u cvxcz dezadbvmz våxkejcz 89

Hmbmiejecz fm dezadx jcb kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV 87

_cbdz Hecdkhembvdamz 8>

Jckpcxvdkembvc fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV ixmbvm da i}mgc 85

Icxkdz fm jcacjdjeúb

Aëbmd yeyembfd :0

Mzvx}jv}xd jcb vexdbvmz u kdjnekhxm c mbvdhacbdfcz :0

Pdzc d pdzc fm jcacjdjeúb fm kmkhxdbdz hdoc vmod EZCADBV :4

Mzvx}jv}xd jcb vexdbvmz! zeb kdjnekhxm ::

Jcacjdjeúb mb mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd m~ezvmbvm :6

Mzvx}jv}xd jcb mbvdhacbdfc mb cbdz fm vmkpmxdv}xdz

m~vxmkdz fm jdacx c ixëc :=

Mzvx}jv}xd ebjaebdfd fm aczd :9

Jckpdxdjeúb mbvxm j}hemxvd dfnmxefd jcb kmjad

u jcbvxdpezc fm pmxaevd yz" j}hemxvd ieodfd d

aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd m EZCADBV VHD = :7

Aëbmd ebf}zvxed :>

Ebzvx}jveyc pdxd ad jcacjdjeúb fm kmkhxdbdz Fcham Da}

jcb zcadpm vmxkczcafdfc :>

Ebzvx}jveyc fm pmgdfc jcb pezvcad fm dexm jdaembvm :5

Ieodjeúb fma kdvmxeda d ad mzvx}jv}xd 60

Jcacjdjeúb mb mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd b}myd

Jcacjdjeúb zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd 64

Jcacjdjeúb jcb zcafdfc pxmyec fm acz xcaacz 68

Jcacjdjeúb mb mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd m~ezvmbvm

Mb icxkd xmjvd 6:

Djckpdôdbfc ad icxkd fma vmjnc pdxdhúaejd c d fcz dg}dz 66

Xmieadfcx EZCADBV 6=

Fmvdaamz jcbzvx}jveycz

Mbj}mbvxc mbvxm idafúb u k}xc fm jdxgd advmxda 69

Mbj}mbvxc mbvxm idafúb u k}xc fm jdxgd z}pmxecx 6>

Aekdvmzdz u j}khxmxdz 65

Aekdncudz c jcbymxzdz =0

Jdbdamvdz u jmbmidz mb vmjncz fm vmodz =4

Jdbdamvdz u jmbmidz mb vmjncz fm jndpd =8

Jnekmbmdz c jcbf}jvcz =:

Hcjdz fm a} zchxm ma vmjnc =6

Dpåbfejm

Mzvx}jv}xd padbd fm ncxkegúb u#c yeg}mvdz pxmvmbzdfdz ==

Mb k}xcz u vdhet}mz =9

Iejndz våjbejdz

Aëbmd Yeyembfd

Kmkhxdbdz mzväbfdx VH =>

Kmkhxdbdz da}kebedfdz VHD 90

Kmkhxdbdz jcb da}kebec p}xc xmicxdfc VHD K]AVEJDPD 98

Aëbmd Ebf}zvxed

Kmkhxdbdz jcb da}kebec p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz 96

Pxmg}bvdz ixmj}mbvmz 99

Jdaefdf EZCADBV 9>

Ebfejm



Mbyëm gxdvez pcx id~ mzvd iejnd jckpamvd jcb z}z fdvcz da

0>00+66+EZCADBV .679=89>% c pcx jcxxmc d?

Fdxxdg}mexd =6 • .4905% Zdb Ezefxc • H}mbcz Dexmz

u xmjehd adz pxú~ekdz djv}daedjecbmz

d}vckävejdkmbvm mb z} fckejeaec

Bckhxm u Dpmaaefc?

Fexmjjeúb?

Acjdaefdf? Júfegc Pczvda?

Pxcyebjed? Vmaåicbc?

m+kdea?

Imjnd fm bdjekembvc? # #

Pxcimzeúb? Ebgmbemxc Vmjnezvd Kdmzvxc Kducx fm Chxdz

Dxt}evmjvc Cvxcz

³Júkc mydaÿd ma jcbvmbefc fma kdb}da3

M~jmambvm K}u H}mbc H}mbc Xmg}adx Kdac

Pcx idycx! mbyëmbcz z} dpcxvm! xmzpmjvc da jcbvmbefc fma kdb}da?

j cx v m p cx d t }ë

fchamdt}ë

fchamdt}ë

pmg}m dt}ë

p m g } m d t } ë



B c k h x m ?

F e x m j j e ú b ?

A c j d a e f d f ?

J " P " ?

P x c y e b j e d ?

X V V M

Fdxxdg}mexd =6 • .4905% Zdb Ezefxc • H}mbcz Dexmz • Dxgmbvebd



M A M K M B V C Z F M ] B V M J N C

A]JDXBD

JDBDAMVD

FMZDGÑM

AEKDVMZD

J]KHXMXD

JNEKMBMD

IDAFÚB

VEKPDBC

JADXDHCUD

AEKDNCUDC JCBYMXZD

Mamkmbvcz fm }b vmjnc

7

J}dbfc ndhadkcz fm vmjnc bcz xmimxekcz d }b jcbo}bvc fm mamkmbvcz t}m jcbicxkdb ad pdxvm z}pmxecx fm }bd mfeiejdjeúb! t}m ad j}hxm

u jemxxd" Pcx mzvm kcveyc mz }b jckpcbmbvm mzmbjeda fm ad yeyembfd t}m pxcvmgmxä da xmzvc fm acz mamkmbvcz" Jcbymbfxä mbvcbjmz da

kckmbvc fm kdvmxedaedx ma vmjnc! vmbmx mb j}mbvd adz kmocxmz pxäjvejdz fm jcbzvx}jjeúb ud t}m ac t}m bc zm pxmymd mb ma dxkdfc

ebejeda zmxä a}mgc jczvczc fm ebjcxpcxdx"

D ac adxgc fm mzvm kdb}da dbdaedxmkcz ma vmjnc zmpdxdbfc z}z jckpcbmbvmz? ad j}hemxvd! ad mzvx}jv}xd u iebdakmbvm acz kdvmxedamz

dezadbvmz t}m zm ieodxäb d ad mzvx}jv}xd"

Ad j}hemxvdAd j}hemxvd mz ad pdxvm m~vmxecx fma vmjnc j}ud i}bjeúb mz jdbdaedx adz dg}dz pa}yedamz! mz ad pxebjepda hdxxmxd nefxä}aejd u fm pxcvmjjeúb kmjä+

bejd ixmbvm d adz zev}djecbmz jaekävejdz? aa}yed! yembvc! bemym! gxdbec! mvj"! u fdx }bd vmxkebdjeúb mzvåvejd d ad jcbzvx}jjeúb"

D ‿ Pdxvmz fm }bd j}hemxvdJdfd padbc t}m icxkd }bd j}hemxvd zm aadkd idafúb" Adz dxezvdz t}m zmpdxdb jdfd idafúb zm aadkdb aekdz! t}m p}mfmb zmx aekdncudz .mb ad

pdxvm júbjdyd%! aekdvmzdz .mb ad pdxvm jcbym~d% c aekdz fm t}emhxm .mbvxm pdôcz jcb feimxmbvm ebjaebdjeúb%" Ad aekd z}pmxecx fm jcxcbdjeúb zm

aadkd j}khxmxd c jdhdaamvm" Acz m~vxmkcz ebimxecxmz t}m zchxmzdamb fm ad idjndfd zm aadkdb damxcz"

Acz mamkmbvcz t}m p}mfmb dpdxmjmx mb }bd j}hemxvd! pdxd ea}kebdx u ymbveadx ma ebvmxecx! zcb a}jdxbdz c a}jmxbdz! c zekpamkmbvm ymbvdbdz

pdxd vmjncz"

D acz k}xcz dfudjmbvmz d jdfd idafúb

acz fmbckebdxmkcz jdxgdz! zembfc ad

jdxgd advmxda! z}pmxecx c ebimxecx"





>

H ‿ Jcbzefmxdbfc ad pmbfembvm fm fezvebvcz vepcz fm j}hemxvd

Pdxd zdhmx j}da mz ad z}pmxiejem fma idafúb t}m zm fmhm j}hxex vmbfxmkcz mb j}mbvd ad a} u ad pmbfembvm z}gmxefd pcx ma idhxejdbvm fm ad

j}hemxvd .vmodz! jndpdz! mvj"%"

D jcbveb}djeúb zm hxebfd }bd vdhad jcb adz pmbfembvmz xmjckmbfdfdz pcx dag}bcz idhxejdbvmz fm mamkmbvcz pdxd j}hemxvdz"

KDVMXEDA PMBFEMBVM MB GXDFCZ - FM AD PMBFEMBVMVmod ixdbjmzd Këbekc 80¿ := -

Vmod jcacbeda Këbekc 80¿ := -

Vmod padbd Këbekc :=¿ 70 -

Pedxxd Këbekc 80¿ := -

Jndpd cbf}adfd Këbekc 9¿ 44 -

Jndpd vxdpmcefda Këbekc 9¿ 44 -

Jndpd fm iehxcjmkmbvc Këbekc 4=¿ 87 -

Jndpd padbd mb hdbfmod Këbekc 80¿ := -

BCVD? Jcbz}avm da idhxejdbvm fm ad j}hemxvd t}m }veaejm! djmxjd fm ad pmbfembvm kä~ekd u këbekd t}m xmjckembfd pdxd z} jcacjdjeúb"

Xmjcxfmkcz t}m d 6=¿ fm ebjaebdjeúb jcxxmzpcbfm }bd pmbfembvm fma 400-"

Jcbzefmxmkcz ma kezkc momkpac dbvmxecx?

Vmbmkcz t}m j}hxex }bd a} fm : kmvxcz jcb }bd pmbfembvm fm :=- fmvmxkebdfd pcx ad jcacjdjeúb fm vmodz ixdbjmzdz"

Pdxd fmvmxkebdx ad fezvdbjed DH fm ad ieg}xd dbvmxecx! zm pxcjmfm dzë?

]bd davmxbdveyd mz xmzcayeåbfcac gmckåvxejdkmbvm d vxdyåz fm Pevägcxdz .j}dfxc D%?

DH ; DJ8 , JH8

DH ; .:!00 k%8 , .4!80 k%8 ;

DH ; 5!00 , 4"66 ; 40!66 ;

DH ; :!8: k

Cvxd icxkd fm jäaj}ac zekpaeiejdfc mz }veaedbfc Jcmiejembvm fm Pmbfembvm?

Mzvm jcmiejembvm .DH#DJ% mzvdxä mb mzvm jdzc ebfejdfc c z}gmxefc pcx acz idhxejdbvmz fma mamkmbvc

fm j}hemxvd" Mb ad vdhad! fmvmxkebc ma JP .Jcmiejembvm fm Pmbfembvm% jcxxmzpcbfembvm da pcxjmb+

vdom fm pmbfembvm mzvep}adfc pdxd vmodz ixdbjmzdz .:=-%" Dzë! ymkcz t}m d :=- am jcxxmzpcbfm

}b ydacx fm 4"07" Mzm ydacx fmhm zmx k}avepaejdfc pcx ad a} fm ad ndhevdjeúb .DJ;A% pdxd chvmbmx

ma adxgc fma idafúb .DH%"

DH ; JP ~ A

- FMPMBFEMBVM

JP .JCMIEJEMBVM

FM PMBFEMBVM%

40 4"00

80 4"08

:= 4"07

=0 4"48

70 4"88

400 4"64

Jcb mzvm ydacx .DH% u vmbembfc mb j}mbvd acz damxcz! ud pcfmkcz jdaj}adx acz kmvxcz j}dfxdfcz xmdamz d j}hxex mb ma vmjnc" Pdxd maac zcac xmzvd

k}avepaejdx ma ydacx chvmbefc pcx ma dbjnc fma idafúb"

DH ~ Dbjnc fma idafúb ; k8 vcvdamz fm j}hemxvd"

BCVD? Pdxd ydacxmz ebvmxkmfecz fm pmbfembvm! dfcpvdx zemkpxm ma JP kdz davc"

Ze ma pxcf}jvc fm dezadkembvc d ebzvdadx aamyd }b zcadpm mbvxm xcaacz! fmhm vmbmxzm mb j}mbvd pdxd ndjmx ma pmfefcxmda fm k8 fm dezadkembvc d jckpxdx" .Gmbmxdakmbvm xcbfd mb ma 40-%"




5


J ‿ Jäaj}ac fm z}pmxiejem fm j}hemxvd mb vmjncz ebjaebdfcz u j}xycz

Pdxd xmdaedx ma jäaj}ac fm jdbvefdf fm kdvmxedamz bmjmzdxecz mb ma vmjnc! zm pxmzmbvd ad bmjmzefdf fm jdaj}adx ad z}pmxiejem xmda fm ad j}hemxvd!

t}m bc mz eg}da d ad z}pmxiejem mb padbvd"

D jcbveb}djeúb pxmzmbvdkcz dag}bcz momkpacz fm jäaj}acz"

• Vmjncz ebjaebdfczMzvm mz ma jdzc yezvc dbvmxecxkmbvm .j}dfxc D%

• Vmjnc d }b dg}d

Pmbfembvm ; N # A ~ 400

Z}pmxiejem fm j}hemxvd ; D ~ A ~ JP

Zembfc?

D ; Dbjnc fma idafúb

A ; A} d j}hxex

JP ; Jcmiejembvm fm Pmbfembvm

Vmjncz ebjaebdfcz" Cvxcz momkpacz fm jäaj}ac"

Pdxd jcbcjmx ad jdbvefdf fm xcaacz fm kdvmxeda dezadbvm d jckpxdx bc zcac zm fmhm jcbzefmxdx adz kmfefdz fma vmjnc d j}hxex! ad pmbfembvm mzve+

p}adfd pcx ma idhxejdbvm fm ad j}hemxvd u acz zcadpmz mbvxm xcaacz"

Ymdkcz dag}bcz momkpacz?

• Vmjnc d fcz dg}dz

Pmbfembvm ; N # A ~ 400

Z}p" fm j}hemxvd ; D ~ A ~ JP

• Vmjnc d j}dvxc dg}dz

Pmbfembvm ; 8N # A8 ~ 400

Z}p" fm j}hemxvd ; 8N JP#Pmbf" .A4 , A8#8 ‚ N#Pmbf"%

BCVD? mb vcfcz acz jdzcz! pdxd chvmbmx ad jdbvefdf fm xcaacz fm kmkhxdbd EZCADBV d }veaedx k}avepaejdxmkcz ma xmz}avdfc

chvmbefc mb ad iúxk}ad pcx 4"40! u feyefexmkcz ma vcvda pcx 80?

4!40 ; 40- fm kdvmxeda }zdfc mb ma zcadpm80 ; k8 fm kmkhxdbd t}m yembm pcx xcaac .Aëbmd Yeyembfd%




40

Jäaj}ac mb j}hemxvdz j}xydz c pdxdhúaejdz

Mb ma jdzc fm vmbmx t}m dezadx }b gdapúb j}ud mzvx}jv}xd mz fm icxkd j}xyd! ma pxcjmfekembvc fm jäaj}ac zmxä ma zeg}embvm"

Ymdkcz }b momkpac?

Vmbmkcz t}m j}hxex }b gdapúb j}ud a} mz fm 8= kmvxcz u iamjnd kä~ekd mz fm 4!=0 k"

Pdxd fmvmxkebdx ad acbgev}f j}xyd DH fm ad ieg}xd zm pxcjmfmxä jcb ad zeg}embvm iúxk}ad?

J}xyd DH ; .π ~ X ~ δ%

50

Fcbfm

Xdfec fm j}xydv}xd .X% ; .A8 #6 , i 8% # 8I

δ ; dxjzmb .A#8X%

Jcb mzvm ydacx u vmbembfc mb j}mbvd acz damxcz! ud pcfmkcz jdaj}adx acz kmvxcz j}dfxdfcz xmdamz d j}hxex mb ma vmjnc" Pdxd maac zcac xmzvd k}a+

vepaejdx ma ydacx chvmbefc pcx ma adxgc fma gdapúb"

DH ~ dbjnc fma gdapúb ; k8 vcvdamz fm j}hemxvd"

BCVD? Acz xcaacz fm ad Aëbmd Ebf}zvxed vembm }b dbjnc xmda fm 4!0= k .ebja}efcz acz zcadpmz% ma dbjnc ÿvea mz fm 4!00 k"

Jcbcjefd ad j}xyd DH zm pcfxä jcbzefmxdx zcaejevdx ma xcaac jcb ma adxgc d kmfefd"

Acz xmhdomz fm Fcham Da} 40 u 4= zcb d ad kevdf fma mzpmzcx! mb Fcham Da} = zcac zm t}evd ma ieak fm da}kebec"

F ‿ Gmbmxdaefdfmz fm acz mamkmbvcz käz }z}damz fm j}hemxvd? jndpd u vmodz

JNDPDZ

Adz jndpdz fm j}hemxvd zm mzpmjeiejdb zmgÿb z} kdvmxeda .gdaydbedfdz! fm da}kebec ebjdfdz! paäzvejdz! fm pcaejdxhcbdvc! iehxcjmkmbvc! mvj"%< pcx

ad icxkd fm adz cbfdz .zeb}zcefda c djdbdadfdz bcxkda c dbjnd! aezdz! vxdpmcefdamz%< pcx ma adxgc u ma mzpmzcx .mb kk% u mymbv}dakmbvm ma jcacx"

Djv}dakmbvm ma adxgc fm adz jndpdz zm pefm fma kezkc adxgc fma idafúb d j}hxex pcx ac t}m zm myevd ad z}pmxpczejeúb fm jndpdz! bc chzvdbvm

xmpxcf}jekcz }b fmvdaam zchxm acz zcadpdkembvcz advmxdamz fm adz jndpdz"

A} d vmjndx fm 8=!00 k jcb }bd iamjnd fm :!=0 k

Pdxd ad ieodjeúb fm ad jndpd d mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd }veaedxmkcz jadycz jcb jdhmd fm packc

c dxdbfmadz fm bmcpxmbm! t}m ekpefmb ma ebgxmzc fma dg}d pcx ma cxeiejec fm ad ieodjeúb"BCXKDZ FEB FMZEGBDB DJDFD MZPMZCX FM JNDPD

KMVÄAEJD JCB ]B B¿?

MZPMZCX FMBCKEBDJEÚB

0":0 kk B¿ :0

0":= kk B¿ 8>

0"60 kk B¿ 87

0"== kk B¿ 86

0"74 kk B¿ 88

0">5 kk B¿ 80

4"8= kk B¿ 4>

4"90 kk B¿ 49

8"00 kk B¿ 46

8"=0 kk B¿ 48

VCXBEAAC D]VCPMXICXDBVM JCB DXDBFMAD FM BMCPXMBM

ZM ZCADPD ]BDCBFD U KMFED

H

D VMXKEBDJEÚBADFC E_T]EMXFC

VMXKEBDJEÚBADFC FMXMJNC

D

H

FMVDAAM FM JCACJDJEÚB FM JNDPDZ




44

CXFMB FM JCACJDJEÚB

YEMBVCZ PXMFCKEBDBVMZ

FEXMJJEÚB FM JCACJDJEÚB

Y E M B V C Z

P X M F C K E B D B V M Z

FMVDAAM FM JCACJDJEÚB FM JNDPDZ

MAMKMBVCZ FM IEODJEÚB

Mb jdzc fm mzvx}jv}xdz kmväaejdz fm pmxiea ‑J‛ }zdxmkcz vcxbeaacz d}vcpmxicxdbvmz! u mb acz jdzcz fm mzvx}jv}xdz fm pmxieamz fm nemxxc bcxkdae+

dfcz c yegdz xmvej}adfdz ac jcxxmjvc zmxä ieodxadz jcb gdbjncz"

Ad ieodjeúb fm jndpdz mb mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd zm mimjvÿd gmbmxdakmbvm zchxm jadydfmxdz fm 8‛~8‛ u mz pxmimxeham ma }zc fm jadycz mzpexdadfcz

dbvmz t}m acz jck}bmz! p}mzvc t}m hxebfdb kducx zmg}xefdf fm z}omjeúb mb cbdz fcbfm ad djjeúb fma yembvc .z}jjeúb% mz k}u i}mxvm"

Fmzdxxcaadxmkcz kmocx mzvm vmkd mb ma jdpëv}ac fm mzvx}jv}xdz kmväaejdz"

GDBJNC HDZVÚB c ‑O‛ JCXVC PDXD

XMVEJ]ADFC

GDBJNC HDZVÚB C ‑O‛ ADXGC PDXD

PMXIEA MZVX]JV]XDA

Ma vepc fm ieodjeúb mzvdxä xmadjecbdfc jcb ma vepc fm mzvx}jv}xd d ad t}m ieomkcz ad j}hemxvd"Vmkd t}m ymxmkcz mb ma jdpëv}ac zeg}embvm

GDBJNC ‑A‛ PDXD PMXIEA

MZVX]JV]XDA

VCXBEAACZ D]VCPMXICXDBVMZ JCB DXDBFMADZ FM

BMCPXMBM

JADYC MZPEXDADFC

Mz pxmimxeham ma }zc fm jad+ ycz mzpexdadfcz dbvmz t}m acz jck}bmz! p}mzvc t}m

hxebfdb kducx zmg}xefdf fm z}omjeúb mb cbdz fcbfm ad djjeúb fma yembvc .z}jjeúb%

mz k}u i}mxvm"




48

VMODZ

Mzvdz p}mfmb zmx jmxäkejdz! fm jmkmbvc c kmväaejdz" Pxmzmbvdbfc

fezvebvdz icxkdz u vdkdôcz" Mb Dxgmbvebd }z}dakmbvm zm }veaedb vmodz

jmxäkejdz fezp}mzvdz zchxm jadydfmxdz! fm 8~4‛"

Acz pdxäkmvxcz t}m fmhmxäb mzvdx fmiebefcz mb ma jdväacgc fma idhxe+

jdbvm zcb? adxgc u dbjnc .vcvda u ÿvea mb dkhcz jdzcz%! pmzc! jdbvefdf

fm pemdz pcx kmvxc j}dfxdfc u pmbfembvm këbekd fm jcacjdjeúb" Adf}xmd fm ad vmod jmxäkejd mzvdxä fdfd pcx ma ydacx fm dhzcxjeúb fm

dg}d t}m pxmzmbvd! d kmbcx ydacx kducx f}xmd"

Mb j}dbvc d ad zmj}mbjed fm jcacjdjeúb dgxmgdkcz ma zeg}embvm gxä+

iejc? mb vcfcz acz jdzcz zm jckmbdxä jcacjdbfc }b neac pdxdamac da

ixmbvm fm acz jdhecz jckc g}ëd pdxd ad daebmdjeúb ixcbvda fm adz vmodz"

VDHAD FM PMZC PCX KMVXC J]DFXDFC .k8%

FM KDVMXEDA FM J]HEMXVD

Vmodz ixdbjmzdz .48"= vmodz pcx k8% 6= Lg#k8

Vmodz vepc ‑Xckdbdz‛ .44"6 vmodz pcx k8% :>"> Lg#k8

Vmodz vepc ‑Jadzzej‛ .49"= vmodz pcx k8% :>"> Lg#k8

Vmodz jcacbedamz .8> vmodz pcx k8% 94"9 Lg#k8

Jndpd zeb}zcefda 87 6"47 Lg#k8

Jndpd zeb}zcefda 8= =":5 Lg#k8

X C K D B

D

I X D B J M Z D

MA VXDHDFC FM ADZ VMODZ EKPEFM MA EBGXMZC FMA

DG]D FM AA]YED

JCA]KBDZ FM FMXMJNDD E_T]EMXFD

MBJDOM VXDBZYMXZDA

MBJDOM ACBGEV]FEBDA

N E A D F D N C X E _ C B V D A

Jcacjdjeúb fm feimxmbvmz vepcz fm vmodz




4:

ÄXMDZ FM Z]JJEÚB KÄÊKD

d b j n

c

40- dbjnc

40- dbjnc

40- dbjnc

40- dbjnc

40- dbjnc

JCBZEFMXDX ZEMKPXM DBJNC KDUCX U YEMBVCZ

PXMFCKEBDBVMZ

Ad fekmbzeúb fma jadydfcx z}xgexä fma jäaj}ac! pcx ac gmbmxda zcb fm kdfmxd fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ j}ud zmpdxdjeúb fmpmbfmxä fma adxgc ÿvea fm adz vmodz"

Pdxd ad ieodjeúb fm adz vmodz zm xmjckembfd }veaedx jadycz fm jchxm fm 8‛ fm adxgc! ud t}m ma jadyc fm nemxxc p}mfm c~efdxzm pmxfembfc xmzezvmbjed

c dimjvdbfc ad vmod j}dbfc zm nebjnm pcx jcxxczeúb"Jckc xmgad gmbmxda zm z}gemxm ieodx vcfdz adz vmodz fm }b idafúb< cvxd icxkd zekpaeiejdfd mz ad icxkd mb t}m zm k}mym ma jdhdaac fm domfxm .mb

icxkd fm A% u ieodbfc acz pmxëkmvxcz c adz cbdz fm kducx z}jjeúb"

J C A C B

E D A

M ‿ _cbdz fm z}jjeúb

Mb vcfcz acz vmjncz zemkpxm zm xmgezvxdb cbdz c äxmdz mb fcbfm

ad djjeúb fma yembvc pxcf}jm ma mimjvc fm z}jjeúb! zckmvembfc d ad

j}hemxvd d }b mzi}mxc bc jcbzvdbvm pmxc mb cjdzecbmz k}u ebvmbzc!

k}jndz ymjmz ndzvd ma fcham fma xmzvc fma vmjnc"

Mzvc p}mfm cj}xxex fm kcfc vda t}m zm dxxdbt}mb mzcz mamkmbvcz! pcx

ac vdbvc mb fejndz äxmdz ndu t}m pcbmx mzpmjeda j}efdfc mb ad xmdaed+

jeúb fm ieodjecbmz u ma vxdhdoc mb gmbmxda"

Mb acz mzt}mkdz t}m zm pxmzmbvdb d jcbveb}djeúb ymkcz j}damz zcb

adz cbdz kdz jckpxckmvefdz u ad pxcpcxjeúb fma vmjnc t}m zm ym

mzpmjedakmbvm jckpxckmvefd" Mb mzvdz cbdz jcbymbfxä ieodx mzpm+

jedakmbvm adz vmodz"



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46

Mzvx}jv}xdz

Mzvx}jv}xd fm }b vmjnc

Mz ma mamkmbvc fm zczvåb fm ad j}hemxvd" Mz ad mbjdxgdfd fm zcpcxvdx

dfmkäz fm z} pmzc pxcpec u ma fm ad j}hemxvd mb zë! adz jdxgdz mymbv}damz

t}m p}mfd xmjehex ad j}hemxvd! jckc yembvc! bemym! mvj" D jcbveb}djeúb

ndxmkcz }bd hxmym xmimxmbjed d acz vepcz fm mzvx}jv}xdz kdz }veaedfcz"

VDHADZ FM KDJNEKHXM

VDHADZ FM KDJNEKHXM JDHECZ C VEXDBVMZ JADYDFMXDZ C DAIDOEDZ ZCAMXD C

VEXDBVEAAC

AEZVÚB

D ‿ Mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd

Gxdb pdxvm fm adz yeyembfdz }veaed mzvm kdvmxeda pdxd xmzcaymx ad mzvx}jv}xd fm z} j}hemxvd" Ma m~jmambvm jckpcxvdkembvc mzvx}jv}xda fm ad

kdfmxd hxebfd dfmkäz }bd jdaefm m efmbvefdf feimxmbvm da dkhembvm fcbfm zm }veaed"

Pcx ac gmbmxda ad mzvx}jv}xd zm xmz}maym jcb }bd vxdkd fm yegdz! jdhecz u jcxxmdz! fm kmfefdz u zmpdxdjeúb ydxedham zmgÿb acz jäaj}acz fma

pxcumjvezvd! mb i}bjeúb fma pmzc d zcpcxvdx .ymx j}dfxc mb jdpëv}ac dbvmxecx%" Zchxm acz jdhecz zm ieod }b mbvdhacbdfc kdjnekhxdfc pcx zchxm ma

j}da zm fezpcbmb adz dezadjecbmz bmjmzdxedz u ad mzvx}jv}xd fm ieodjeúb fm ad j}hemxvd .aezvcbmz u jadydfmxdz%"

Pdxd ad xmdaedjeúb fm mzvdz mzvx}jv}xdz jcbvdkcz jcb feimxmbvmz zmjjecbmz c mzj}dfxëdz fm pemdz! zmgÿb ad i}bjeúb t}m j}kpadb mb ad mzvx}jv}xd"

]b fmvdaam d j}efdx mb ma jdzc fm jadydfmxdz u aezvcbmz mz t}m ad kmfefd

xmda fmpmbfmxä fm t}m ad pemd zmd jmpeaadfd c bc" Dzë pcx momkpac }bd

jadydfmxd fm 8‛~8‛ vmbfxä mzvd kmfefd xmda j}dbfc zmd zeb jmpeaadx!

pmxc ze mz jmpeaadfd! ac t}m am cvcxgd }bd kmocx vmxkebdjeúb! pcfxä pmx+

fmx ndzvd 0"= ú 4 jk zmgÿb zmd z} jdaefdf! pcx ma jmpeaadfc"

Jckc ymkcz! adz kmfefdz jcb adz t}m djcvdkcz adz zmjjecbmz fm adz

feimxmbvmz pemdz fm kdfmxd mzväb mb p}agdfdz" Mb ad jckmxjedaed+

jeúb fm ad kdfmxd zm }veaed pcx jczv}khxm ad p}agdfd u ma pem jckc

}befdf fm kmfefd"

D ieb fm du}fdx mb ma júkp}vc! pxmz}p}mzvc u pmfefc fm kdfmxd dt}embmz bc mzväb ndhev}dfcz d mzvdz kmfefdz! xmpxcf}jekcz ad

zeg}embvm vdhad fm jcbymxzeúb jcb adz kmfefdz käz }z}damz?

VDHAD FM JCBYMXZEÚB FM P]AGDFDZ D KEAËKMVXCZ

P]AGDFDZ KEAËKMVXCZ , 4#6‛ , 4#8‛

0‛ 0 9":= 48"70

4‛ 8="60 :4"7= :>!40

8‛ =0">0 =7"4= 9:"=0

:‛ 79"80 >8"== >>"50

6‛ 404"90 407"5= 446":0

=‛ 487"00 4::":= 4:5"70

9‛ 4=8"60 4=>"7= 49="40

>‛ 80:"80 805"== 84="5040‛ 8=6"00 890":= 899"70

48‛ :06">0 :44"4= :47"=0



M Z

V X ] J V ] X D Z

4=

YCA]KMB BCKEBDA FM ADZ MZJ]DFXDZ ]Z]DAMZ P8 #K

4( 8( :( 6( =( 9(

4( 0"87: 0"=67 0">80 4"05: 4":97 4"960

8( 0"=67 4"05: 4"960 8"4>7 8"7:6 :"8>0

:( 0">80 4"960 8"690 :"8>4 6"404 6"584

6( 4"05: 8"4>7 :"8>4 6":76 ="69> 9"=94

=( 4":97 8"7:6 6"404 ="69> 9">:= >"8089( 4"960 :"8>4 6"584 9"=94 >"808 5">68

7( 4"546 :">87 ="764 7"9== 5"=95 44"6>0

>( 8"4>7 6":76 9"=94 >"765 40"5:0 4:"480

5( 8"690 6"584 7":>4 5">68 48":00 46"790

40( 8"7:6 ="69> >"808 40"5:0 4:"970 49"600

44( :"007 9"046 5"088 48"0:0 4="060 4>"060

48( :"8>4 9"=94 5">68 4:"480 49"600 45"9>0

Bcvd? Mb jdzc fm t}m bc zm jcact}m zcamxd! be mbjdfmbdfc u acz

jdhecz dpcumb zúac zchxm ad pdxmf jcbymbfxä jcacjdx }bd padbjnd

kmväaejd mb ma p}bvc fm dpcuc fma jdhec pdxd t}m fezvxeh}ud adz

jdxgdz fm }bd icxkd käz }beicxkm! myevdbfc dzë adz iez}xdz d 6=¿

ndjed dhdoc t}m zm pxcf}jmb fmzfm adz dxezvdz ebimxecxmz fma jdhec!

fmbckebdfdz y}agdxkmbvm ‑mimjvc hegcvm‛"

Mb acz gxäiejcz t}m ymkcz d jcbveb}djeúb pcfmkcz vmbmx }bd efmd fm jckc zm fezpcbmb acz fezvebvcz mamkmbvcz fm }bd mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd

mb }b vmjnc mzväbfdx" ]b p}bvc d vmbmx mb j}mbvd mz t}m ad zcamxd mb ad t}m dpcumb acz jdhecz fmhm zmx fm kdfmxd f}xd" Mb jdzc fm ex dpcudfcz

zchxm febvmamz fm N¿ D¿ acz kezkcz pcfxäb ex dvdfcz d acz nemxxcz z}pmxecxmz fm ad dxkdf}xd fma febvma c yegd fm mbjdfmbdfc"

Pcx momkpac?

4 k" aebmda fm jdhec fm 8‛~=‛

mt}eydam d 8"7:6 p¸"

4‛ ; 8"=6 jk"

4 pem ; 48‛ ; :0"6> jk"

MZT]MKD HÄZEJC FM FEZPCZEJEÚB MB MZVX]JV]XD FM KDFMXD

AEZVÚB FM 4#8‛ ^ 4‛ ‑UMZMXC‛

AEZVÚB FM 8‛ ^ 4‛

JDHEC

YEGD

VDHADZ KDJNEKHXM

ZCAMXD

KMKHXDBD EZCADBV

JADYDFMXD



M Z

V X ] J V ] X D Z

49

Acz jdhecz c vexdbvmz zm dpcudxäb zchxm adz yegdz c jdhxedfdz mzvx}jv}xdamz! c hemb zchxm ma mbjdfmbdfc pmxekmvxda! jcb }bd zmpdxdjeúb gmbm+

xdakmbvm fm daxmfmfcx fm 90 jk" .zmgÿb ad jdxgd t}m xmjehd fm ad j}hemxvd%" Mb j}hemxvdz aeyedbdz .jndpdz% z}mamb pcbmxzm jdhecz fm kmbcx

mzj}dfxëd! c kdz zmpdxdfcz" Acz jdhecz u adz yegdz p}mfmb zmx fm kdfmxd kdjed c adkebdfd" Mzvdz ÿavekdz vembmb ad ymbvdod fm pcfmx j}hxex

kducxmz a}jmz" Zchxm acz jdhecz zm jcacjd gmbmxdakmbvm ma kdjnekhxm! ma j}da fdxä zcpcxvm d ad dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd u våxkejd"

Pdxd ad }hejdjeúb fm adz dezadjecbmz! zm gmbmxd }b mzpdjec jcb aezvcbmz fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ jcacjdfcz zchxm ma kdjnekhxm mb ad aëbmd fm pxcumjjeúb

fma jdhec" Pmxpmbfej}adx d acz aezvcbmz zm jcacjd ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm ieoäbfczm jcb aezvcbmz fm 4‛ ~ »‛ jckÿbkmbvm aadkdfcz ‑umzmxcz‛"

Ad i}bjeúb fm mzvcz zmxä fcham! z}omvdx ad kmkhxdbd d ad mzvx}jv}xd fma vmjnc u zmxyex fm zmpdxdjeúb mbvxm ad jadydfmxd u ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm

myevdbfc chzvx}jjecbmz mb ma aehxm mzj}xxekembvc fma dg}d" Dfmkäz! ma aezvúb pmxkevexä xmpadbvmdx ad }hejdjeúb fm adz jadydfmxdz pdxd chvmbmx

ieadz pdxdamadz d ad jmbmid u mbvxm maadz" Jckÿbkmbvm zm }veaed ad aëbmd fm ved c ‑jndal aebm‛! }z}dakmbvm fmbckebdfd ‑jncjad‛ pdxd kdxjdx

aëbmdz zchxm acz aezvcbmz"

]bd ym xmpadbvmdfdz zm jadydxäb adz daidoëdz c jadydfmxdz t}mfdbfc ad mzvx}jv}xd aezvd pdxd xmjehex ad j}hemxvd fm vmodz c jndpd" Mb ma jdzc

p}bv}da fm adz daidoëdz c jadydfmxdz! ndu t}m jcbzefmxdx ad jdaefdf fm adz kezkdz! ud t}m mb ma jdzc fm kdfmxdz k}u oúymbmz c hadbfdz +fmhefc

d ad n}kmfdf pxmzmbvm mb mzd pdxvm fma vmjnc u mzpmjedakmbvm mb ma jdzc fm vmodz jmxäkejdz+! mzvdz kdfmxdz p}mfmb mbvxdx mb fmzjckpcze+

jeúb u pmxfmx xmzezvmbjed! ac t}m zm vxdf}jm mb }b ‑cbf}adfc‛ fma vmjnc fmzdgxdfdham d ad yezvd"

Pdxd myevdx mzm pxchamkd! zm xmjckembfd jcacjdx jckc daidoëdz! kdfmxdz zmke+f}xdz hemb mzvdjecbdfdz! vxdvdfdz mb d}vcjadym c hemb xmdaedxam

d adz kezkdz }b vxdvdkembvc jcb pebv}xdz dfmj}dfdz pxmyec d z} ebzvdadjeúb"

Mb dag}bdz jcbzvx}jjecbmz bc zm }veaed kdjnekhxm! ud t}m pxmyembfc ad jcacjdjeúb fm }b jemacxxdzc z}zpmbfefc! p}mfmb jcacjdxzm vdhadz zeb

jmpeaadx c fexmjvdkmbvm pcbmx daidoëdz zchxm acz jdhecz" Mb j}dat}emx jdzc! xmjckmbfdkcz ma }zc fm }bd dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd u våxkejd pdxd dzm+

g}xdx t}m bc pdzm ma dg}d be zm pxcf}jd jcbfmbzdjeúb z}pmxiejeda u ad vxdbzimxmbjed fm jdacx zmd ad kmbcx pczeham"

Ad jcacjdjeúb fm }bd xmf fm dadkhxmz jdfd 60 jk" .mb icxkd fm xckhcz c fdkmxc% mz cvxd zca}jeúb pczeham pdxd z}zvmbvdx adz kmkhxdbdzdezadbvmz j}dbfc bc vmbmkcz pxmyezvc ebzvdadx vdhadz c kdjnekhxm" Dkpaedxmkcz mzvcz vmkdz j}dbfc dhcxfmkcz ma vmkd fm ad jcacjdjeúb fm

adz kmkhxdbdz dezadbvmz"

MZVX]JV]XD JCB JDHECZ

JDHECZ JMBMID J]KHXMXD

AEKDNCUD AEKDVMZD

MZVX]JV]XD JCB JCXXMDZ

JMBMIDJCXXMDZ J]KHXMXD

AEKDNCUD YEGDEBVMXKMFED

AEKDVMZD

Ebvmgxdbfc acz mamkmbvcz yezvcz mb ma dbäaezez fm ad j}hemxvd jcb acz fezvebvcz jckpcbmbvmz mzvx}jv}xdamz! vmbmkcz fcz vepcacgëdz mb vmjncz fm kdfmxd"

NMXXDKEMBVDZ ]VEAE_DFDZ PDXD KMFEJEÚB MB VMJNCZ FM KDFMXD



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47

H ‿ Mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd

Mzvm vepc fm mzvx}jv}xd mz }veaedfc i}bfdkmbvdakmbvm mb mfeiejecz ebf}zvxedamz! d}bt}m jdfd ym käz mbjcbvxdkcz z} }zc mb yeyembfdz" Jckc

mamkmbvc pxebjepda fm zczvåb fm j}hemxvd vmbmkcz yegdz! dxjcz! jdhxedfdz c púx vejcz" Mzvcz mamkmbvcz pcfxäb zmx fm yegdz xmvej}adfdz .fm pmx+

ieamz fm nemxxc bcxkdaedfc c nemxxc xmfcbfc% c fm dakd aambd! mz fmjex fm aäkebdz fm djmxc c nemxxc" Zchxm mzvcz mamkmbvcz pxebjepdamz zm ieodxä

ad mzvx}jv}xd fm xmpdxvejeúb fm jdxgd t}m fmbckebdxmkcz jcxxmdz"

Adz jcxxmdz zmxäb eg}dakmbvm xmvej}adfdz fm nemxxc xmfcbfc! fm pmxieamz fm nemxxc adkebdfcz .gmbmxdakmbvm ]%! fm v}hcz fm zmjjeúb xmjvdbg}adx!pmxieamz fm jndpd fchadfd .gmbmxdakmbvm ‛J‛%! c mymbv}dakmbvm kdfmxd" Pcx idjeaefdf fm vxdhdoc djv}dakmbvm ac käz }veaedfc mz ma pmxiea J

zchxm ma j}da zm dpaejd ad jndpd ieodfd jcb vcxbeaac d}vcpmxicxdbvm! dgeaedbfc dzë ma vxdhdoc t}m z}pcbm jcacjdx ad jndpd jcb gdbjnc vckdfc d

jcxxmdz xmvej}adfdz"

Mamkmbvcz fm ieodjeúbPdxd adz jndpdz zchxm mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd zm }veaedb bcxkdakmbvm jadycz gdbjncz c vcxbeaacz d}vcpmxicxdbvmz .ymx pägebd 44%" Acz gdbjncz zcb

}b h}mb zezvmkd pmxc pxmzmbvdb ma ebjcbymbembvm fm vmbmx t}m pmxicxdx ad jndpd pxmyedkmbvm u bmjmzevdx fcz pmxzcbdz pdxd z} jcacjdjeúb" Acz

gdbjncz jcxvcz zm }zdb mb ma jdzc fm adz jcxxmdz fm nemxxc xmfcbfc xmvej}adfc u acz adxgcz j}dbfc ad jndpd zm ieod d pmxieamz fm nemxxc bcxkdaed+

fcz" Acz vcxbeaacz d}vcpmxicxdbvmz zm jcacjdb iäjeakmbvm jcb }b vdadfxc u }b dfdpvdfcx! pmxicxdbfc u xczjdbfc mb }bd zcad cpmxdjeúb! aamydb mb z}

jdhmd }bd dxdbfmad fm bmcpxmbm pdxd myevdx ieavxdjecbmz" Adz jndpdz zm ieodxäb zchxm adz jcxxmdz u ma kdvmxeda dezadbvm fmhmxä t}mfdx z}omvc mbvxm

ad mzvx}jv}xd u ad j}hemxvd da ieodx mzvd ÿavekd" Zm ymxä jcb kducx fmvdaam mb ad jcacjdjeúb fma kdvmxeda dezadbvm mb ma jdpëv}ac EY"

YEGDZ C JDHXEDFDZ

YEGD XMJVD.pmxiamz fm nemxxc%

YEGD

PDXDHÚAEJD.nemxxc xmfcbfc%

JCXXMDZ C VEXDBVMZ

JCXXMDXMVEJ]ADFD PMXIEAMZ U JDÔCZ FM JNDPD



M Z

V X ] J V ] X D Z

4>

J ‿ Mzvx}jv}xd fm ncxkegúb u#c yeg}mvdz pxmvmbzdfdz

Adz mzvx}jv}xdz mzväb jcbicxkdfdz pcx jca}kbdz! aczdz u yegdz fm N¿ D¿" Adz aczdz p}mfmb zmx padbdz c ebjaebdfdz! bcz xmimxexmkcz d mzvdz

ÿavekdz" Dfmkäz pcx z} icxkd fm jcbzvx}jjeúb! adz feyefekcz mb?

• Momj}vdfdz eb zev}"

• Fm aczmvdz pxmidhxejdfdz fm N¿ D¿"• Fm yeg}mvdz pxmvmbzdfdz u adfxeaac jmxäkejc c fm pcaemzvexmbc"

Ixmj}mbvmkmbvm zm fmjefm jcacjdx jckc j}hemxvd vmodz" Ma ncxkegúb pczmm davd ebmxjed våxkejd! pcx maac mb ymxdbc! dj}k}ad gxdb jdbvefdf fm jdacx

f}xdbvm adz ncxdz fm zca u ac exxdfed da ebvmxecx fm ad yeyembfd f}xdbvm ma xmzvc fma fëd" Mz bmjmzdxec jcbvdx jcb }bd h}mbd dezadjeúb våxkejd" Fejnd dezad+

jeúb myevdxä xdodf}xdz pcx feadvdjeúb c jcbvxdjjeúb da mzvdheaedx våxkejdkmbvm ad aczd" Ymxmkcz acz fmvdaamz fm jcacjdjeúb mb ma jdpëv}ac fm dezadjecbmz"

Mzvx}jv}xd fm ncxkegúb jcb aczd ebjaebdfd?

mb mzvm jdzc jcbymbfxä dpaejdx zchxm ad aczd

}bd kmkhxdbd EZCADBV ieodfd jcb aezvcbmz

fm kdfmxd! zekeadx d ad dpaejdjeúb mb vmjncz

fm kdjnekhxm" Fm mzvd icxkd zm bcz idje+

aevd ad jcacjdjeúb fm ad vmod! p}fembfc ebja}+zeym jcacjdx jndpd! u myevdbfc dzë pdvcacgëdz

jckc iez}xdz u ieavxdjecbmz"

Ma kezkc jcbjmpvc

zm dpaejd d vmjncz fm

aczmvdz u yeg}mvdz pxm+

vmbzdfdz c fm vexdbvmz uvmo}macbmz jmxäkejcz"



D E

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45

Dezadjecbmz

Mb }b vmjnc vmbmkcz vxmz pxchamkdz häzejcz d xmzcaymx

Dezadjeúbvåxkejd

Zm fmhm myevdx ad påxfefd fm jdacx

ebvmxbc mb ebyemxbc u ad gdbdbjed fm

jdacx m~vmxbc mb ymxdbc"

Dezadjeúbnefxúi}gd

Zm fmhm myevdx ma pdzc

fma dg}d! ekpmxkmdheaedbfc

vcvdakmbvm ma vmjnc"

Myevdx adjcbfmbzdjeúb

Zm fmhm pxmymbex mzvm imbúkmbc!

myevdbfc t}m ad n}kmfdf dimjvm

adz z}pmxiejemz fm ad j}hemxvd"

MJCBCKËD ]bd jdzd dezadfd

jcbz}km kmbcz

]bd jdzd hemb dezadfd jcbz}kexä kmbcz mbmx+

gëd vdbvc pdxd dexm djcbfejecbdfc jckc pdxd

jdamidjjeúb! dkcxvedbfc dzë ma jczvc ebejeda

t}m ekpaejd ad jcacjdjeúb fm kdvmxeda dezadbvm"

Zmgÿb ma fezmôc! ad cxembvdjeúb! acz ydacxmz

L fm acz fezvebvcz jmxxdkembvcz aamgdxmkcz d

fmvmxkebdx ma ‑Hdadbjm våxkejc‛ d ad jdbvefdf

fm Leacjdacxëdz pcx ncxd .Ljda"#n% t}m ndu

t}m ebjcxpcxdx c t}evdx fma dkhembvm"

MJCACGËD ]bd jdzd dezadfd

jcbvdkebd kmbcz

Mz }b nmjnc t}m ad mbmxgëd mz }b xmj}xzc

jdfd ym käz mzjdzc u t}m adz mkdbdjecbmz

fm feú~efc fm jdxhcbc .JC8% pxcf}jefdz pcx ma

}zc fm jckh}zvehamz fmhmb zmx xmf}jefdz d

beyma gachda"

Ma fezmôc miejembvm fm }b mfeiejec c yeyembfd dez+

adfd fmhmxä h}zjdx ma kmocx dpxcymjndkembvc

fm ad mbmxgëd! myevdx adz påxfefdz u#c gdbdbjedz

fm jdacx bc fmzmdfdz cpvekedbfc ma h}mb i}b+

jecbdkembvc fm acz mt}epcz fm jaekdvedjeúb"

XMZCAYEMBFC D MZVCZ PXCHAMKDZ VMBMKCZ VXMZ HMBMIEJECZJADXCZ PDXD AD YEYEMBFD U B]MZVXD JCK]BEFDF"

JCBICXV]bd jdzd dezadfd

mz käz jcbicxvdham

Adz vmkpmxdv}xdz m~vxmkdz u acz jdkhecz

hx}zjcz fm vmkpmxdv}xd pxcf}jmb mb adz pmx+

zcbdz zmbzdjeúb fm kdamzvdx"

Ac t}m zm fmhm acgxdx da kckmbvc fma fezmôc

fm }bd jcbzvx}jjeúb mz ma jcbicxv våxkejc"

Ad jdzd zm jcbzvx}um }bd ym! jcb k}jnc

mzi}mxc u kmxmjm zmx fezix}vdfd"

‑Mb ad kmfefd t}m dëzam dfmj}dfdkmbvm z} yeyembfd! kmbcx zmxä ma jczvc pdxd

kdbvmbmx ad vmkpmxdv}xd efmda! kducx zmxä ma jcbicxv u mzvdxä du}fdbfc d j}efdx ma padbmvd‛"



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

80

³Jckú xmzpcbfmb adz kmkhxdbdzEZCADBV d ad ekpmxkmdheaefdf3

• Pcx mzvdx idhxejdfdz d hdzm fm pcaemveambc! adz kmkhxdbdzEZCADBV zcb vcvdakmbvm ekpmxkmdhamz da dg}d"

• Bc mz bmjmzdxec jcacjdx cvxd dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd dfejecbda"

• Pcx z} mzvx}jv}xd fm jmafd jmxxdfd fm pcaemveambc! ma kdvmxeda

pczmm kmkcxed maäzvejd! ac t}m dzmg}xd nmxkmvejefdf mb acz

p}bvcz fcbfm ma kdvmxeda mz dvxdymzdfc pcx acz jadycz"

ZEB EZCADBV JCB EZCADBV

Ma dg}d jckembd d

ieavxdx pcx idaadz mb ad

j}hemxvd! jd}zdbfc

gcvmxdz! n}kmfdfmz!u cvxcz pxchamkdz"

Ad kmkhxdbd

EZCADBV! pcx zmx

vcvdakmbvm ekpmx+

kmdham ekpefmma pdzc fma dg}d!

da ebvmxecx fm ad

yeyembfd"

Da jadydxadzbc fmodb ieavxdx

ma dg}d

Dezadjeúb nefxúi}gdZ} i}bjeúb pxebjepda mz ad fm ekpmfex ma ebgxmzc fm dg}d fmzfm ma m~vmxecx" Ad pxebjepda hdxxmxd

nefxä}aejd mz ad j}hemxvd u ad zmj}bfdxed zmxä jcacjdfd fmhdoc fm åzvd pdxd pxcvmgmx ad yeyembfd

fm }bd mymbv}da idaad fm ad j}hemxvd c fm dag}bd ebg}mxëd"

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV zcbvcvdakmbvm ekpmxkmdhamz da dg}d

Zcaejevm ma Pxdjve Lev B° 4! jcb ma t}m pcfxä jckpxchdx t}m b}mzvxdz kmkhxdbdz zcb

400- ekpmxkmdhamz u t}m da jadydxadz bc fmodb ieavxdx dg}d"

Ma Lev jcbvembm dfmkäz }b ebzvx}jveyc jcb acz pdzcz bmjmzdxecz pdxd t}m jcb }b zekpam

m~pmxekmbvc ymxeiet}m mzvd ymbvdod ÿbejd mb ma kmxjdfc"

Pxdjve Lev B° 4 + EKPMXKMDHEAEFDF



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

jdaembvm fma dezadbvm" Fm bc jcacjdxzm! ma ydpcx pmbmvxdxä mb ma dezadbvm

våxkejc fmzdacodbfc ma dexm u jcbfmbzdbfc .jcbfmbzdjeúb ebvmxzvejeda%"

Mzvc pxcf}jm ad fezkeb}jeúb fm ad jdpdjefdf dezadbvm fma kdvmxeda

dimjvdfc ud t}m ad jdyefdf fm dexm t}m cvcxgd hdod jcbf}jveyefdf zmxä

xmmkpaddfd pcx dg}d jcb davd jcbf}jveyefdf"

Pdxd t}m }b kdvmxeda zmd hdxxmxd fm ydpcx! ad Bcxkd EXDK 47:9 ebfejd

t}m z} pmxkmdbjed da ydpcx fm dg}d fmhm zmx ebimxecx d 0!7= g#k8"n"lPd"

Mb zëbvmzez! fmhmxëdkcz jcacjdx dezadjeúb våxkejd pcx ac kmbcz pdxd

myevdx ad jcbfmbzdjeúb z}pmxiejeda fm ad j}hemxvd u }bd hdxxmxd fm

ydpcx pdxd t}m ma kdvmxeda dezadbvm djvÿm jcxxmjvdkmbvm"

JcbfmbzdjeúbAd jcbfmbzdjeúb mz }b jdkhec fm mzvdfc! pdzdbfc fm gdzmczc .ydpcx fm dg}d% da mzvdfc aët}efc

.dg}d%" Pdxd t}m zm pxcf}jd mzvm imbúkmbc bmjmzevdkcz t}m ma dexm zm zdv}xm fm n}kmfdf d

}bd fmvmxkebdfd vmkpmxdv}xd" Ad vmkpmxdv}xd mb ad j}da zm pxcf}jm fejnc jdkhec! zm fmbckebd

‑Vmkpmxdv}xd fm Xcjëc‛ c ‑P}bvc fm Xcjëc‛" Ad jcbfmbzdjeúb zm pxmzmbvd mb fcz icxkdz fmbvxcfm adz jcbzvx}jjecbmz? jcbfmbzdjeúb z}pmxiejeda u jcbfmbzdjeúb ebvmxzvejeda"

Mb }b vmjnc! ad jcbfmbzdjeúb z}pmxiejeda cj}xxm j}dbfc ma ydpcx

fm dg}d jcbvmbefc mb ma dexm ebvmxecx dajdbd ad pdxvm käz ixëd fm ad

j}hemxvd" J}dbfc mzvm ydpcx! d vmkpmxdv}xd dkhembvm ebvmxecx! vckd

jcbvdjvc jcb ad z}pmxiejem ebvmxbd fm ad jndpd c ad vmod! t}m p}mfm

mzvdx pxäjvejdkmbvm d ad kezkd vmkpmxdv}xd t}m ma dexm m~vmxecx! pxc+

f}jm ad jcbfmbzdjeúb vxdbzicxkäbfczm mb gcvdz fm dg}d"

Ad jcbfmbzdjeúb ebvmxzvejeda jcbzezvm mb ma kezkc imbúkmbc pmxc mb

mzvm jdzc ma ydpcx dajdbdxä z} p}bvc fm xcjëc fmbvxc fm acz ‑ebvmxzve+jecz‛ fm }b kdvmxeda c }b jmxxdkembvc"

Pdxd myevdx ma imbúkmbc fm ad jcbfmbzdjeúb fmhmkcz jcbvxcadx fcz

ydxedhamz? ad feimxmbjed fm vmkpmxdv}xd mbvxm ma m~vmxecx u ma ebvmxecx u

ad n}kmfdf xmadveyd fma dkhembvm"

Ad feimxmbjed fm vmkpmxdv}xd zm jcbvxcadxä jcb ma }zc fm }b kdvmxeda

dezadbvm dfmj}dfc u ad n}kmfdf xmadveyd fma dkhembvm jckpamkmb+

vdbfc da kdvmxeda dezadbvm jcb }bd hdxxmxd fm ydpcx u pxcj}xdbfc }bd

jcxxmjvd ymbveadjeúb"

Ad ymxeiejdjeúb fma xemzgc fm jcbfmbzdjeúb z}pmxiejeda m ebvmxzvejeda! zm

xmdaed zmgÿb acz aebmdkembvcz fm ad Bcxkd EXDK 4498=" Pdxd fmvmx+

kebdx ma ydacx fm vmkpmxdv}xd fm xcjëc bmjmzevdxmkcz acz fdvcz fm ad

vmkpmxdv}xd këbekd kmfed m~vmxecx u ad n}kmfdf kmfed xmadveyd fma

dkhembvm" Ad vmkpmxdv}xd ebvmxbd mz fdvc fm ad bcxkd u fmpmbfmxä

fma }zc da t}m mzvå fmzvebdfd ad jcbzvx}jjeúb"

Mb }b vmjnc! da ebjcxpcxdx dezadjeúb våxkejd kdz fm hdxxmxd ydpcx jcb

}b zcac pxcf}jvc .kmkhxdbd EZCADBV% zm acgxd t}m ad vmkpmxdv}xd mb ad

jdxd ebvmxecx fma vmjnc! .kdjnekhxm! jemacxxdzc! mvj"% zmd kdz davd t}m ad

vmkpmxdv}xd fm ad j}hemxvd m~vmxbd u myevdx dzë ma gcvmc pcx jcbfmbzdjeúb"

Ze zm jcacjdb kdvmxedamz dezadbvmz vxdfejecbdamz! ad hdxxmxd fm ydpcx

fmhm jcacjdxzm mb ad jdxd ebimxecx .ebvmxbd% c vdkheåb aadkdfd jdxd

84

ZEB EZCADBV JCB EZCADBV

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBVmyevdb ma imbúkmbc fm ad jcbfmbzdjeúb

³Júkc xmzpcbfmb adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV ixmbvm d ad jcbfmbzdjeúb3• Da }veaedx adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV! zm mzvä jcacjdbfc }b kdvmxeda t}m j}kpam jcb adz fcz i}bjecbmz? mz dezadbvm våxkejc

.μ ; 0"060 W#k¿J% u hdxxmxd fm ydpcx" Acgxdbfc dzë myevdx ad jcbfmbzdjeúb"

• Ad pmxkmdbjed da ydpcx fm dg}d fm ad mzp}kd EZCADBV mz fm 0!0:: g#k8"n"lPd" .Bcxkdz EXDK 47:= u DZVK M+59%"

• Ad jcacjdjeúb jcb fcham aezvúb pxcp}mzvd .Bcxkd EXDK 449=4%! pxmyå ad ymbveadjeúb fma kdjnekhxm! vdbvc fm j}dat}emx n}kmfdf

t}m p}femxd t}mfdx dvxdpdfd daaë! jckc ad pxcped fm ad kdfmxd t}m bc mzvä hemb mzvdjecbdfd"

Acz fmvdaamz fm ad jcacjdjeúb zm ymxäb kdz dfmadbvm mb ma jdpëv}ac B¿ 6 ‑Icxkdz fm Jcacjdjeúb‛"



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

Dezadjeúb våxkejdAd dezadjeúb våxkejd h}zjd xmf}jex adz påxfefdz c gdbdbjedz fm jdacx! kmocxdbfc ma jcbicxv u

ad ndhevdheaefdf" Mb ma jdzc fm ebzvdadjecbmz fm djcbfejecbdkembvc! ma gdzvc fm mbmxgëd pdxd

mbixedx c jdambvdx ma dkhembvm zmxä k}jnc kmbcx"

DZE EBVMXJDKHED MA JDACX ]B NCGDX

Icxkdz fm vxdbzkezeúb fm jdacxAd amu fm vxdbzkezeúb fm jdacx ebfejd t}m }b j}mxpc jdaembvm vxdbzkevm

jdacx d cvxc ndzvd t}m dkhcz mt}eaehxdb z} vmkpmxdv}xd" Mzvm mt}eae+

hxec zm acgxd pcx kmfec fm vxmz icxkdz fm vxdbzkezeúb fm jdacx?

•JCBF]JJEÚB

•JCBYMJJEÚB

•XDFEDJEÚB

Ad vxdbzkezeúb p}mfm pxcf}jexzm pcx }bd c ydxedz fm mzvdz icxkdz

jckhebdfdz" Ad vxdbzkezeúb pcx jcbf}jjeúb zm fmvmxkebd pcx }bd

mj}djeúb i}bfdkmbvda jcbcjefd jckc Amu fm Ic}xemx"

T ; L ~ D ~ FV

Fcbfm? T ; Jdacx Vcvda

D ; Z}pmxiejem

FV ; Feimxmbjed fm vmkpmxdv}xd mbvxm ebvmxecx u m~vmxecx

L ; Vxdbzkevdbjed våxkejd

Ad Vxdbzkevdbjed Våxkejd ‑L‛! mz ad kmfefd mb ad t}m }b kdvmxeda pmx+kevm ma pdzc fma jdacx" Fm ad kezkd icxkd! z} ebymxzd! ad Xmzezvmbjed

Våxkejd ‑X‛! mz ad kmfefd mb t}m }b kdvmxeda zm xmzezvm da pdzc fma jdacx"

ICXKDZ FM VXDBZKEZEÚB FM JDACX

³JÚKC ZMVXDBZKEVM3

³JÚKC ZM DEZAD3 MOMKPAC

JCBF]JJEÚBd vxdyåz fm kdvm+xedamz zúaefcz c

aët}efcz

zmpdxdbfc acz j}mx+pcz c ebvmxpcbembfc

kdvmxedamz fmhdod jcbf}jveyefdf

våxkejd

}zc fm dezadbvmz pcxkdzd mbvxm jndpd u

kdjnekhxm

JCBYMJJEÚBd vxdyåz fma

kcyekembvc fmia}efcz

ekpefembfc ma kcye+kembvc fma dexm c

ia}efc

jäkdxdz mzvdbjdz.jmafdz jmxxdfdz%

XDFEDJEÚB

d vxdyåz fm }bd

jäkdxd fm dexmc ydjëc

ebzvdadbfc kdvmxedamz

xmiamjveycz c fmhdod mkezeyefdf

ebjcpcxdbfc }b

kdvmxeda xmiamjveyczmpdxdfc u pcxfmhdoc fm ad jndpd

88

IA]OC FM JDACXFMZJMBFMBVM

- fm ebgxmzc fm jdacx pcx ma vmjnc

Y M X D B C

IA]OC FM JDACX ADVMXDA- fm gdbdbjed fm jdacx pcx adz pdxmfmz

jcbf}jjeúb =-

jcbymjjeúb 4= d 8>-

xdfedjeúb 9= d >0-

YMXDBC j cb f } j j

e ú b = -

j cby m j j

e ú b 0 -

x d f e d je ú

b 5 = -

IA]OC FM JDACX DZJMBFMBVM- fm påxfefd fm jdacx pcx ma vmjnc

EBYEMXBC

j c b f } j j e ú b

= -

j c b y m j j e ú b

6 = -

x d f e d j e ú b = 0 -



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

Jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbf}jjeúb

³Júkc zm dëzad ma jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbf}jjeúb3

8:

³Júkc xmzpcbfm EZCADBV da jdacx pcx jcbf}jjeúb3

Ma dexm mzvdbjc mz }b m~jmambvm dezadbvm våxkejc" Mb ma jdzc fm adz mzp}kdz EZCADBV mzvm dexm zm mbj}mbvxd dvxdpdfc u mzvdbjc mb adz jmafdz

jmxxdfdz fm pcaemveambc! chvmbembfc dzë }bd hdod vxdbzkezeúb fm jdacx! pcx ac vdbvc }bd davd xmzezvmbjed våxkejd zmgÿb z} mzpmzcx"

Ad mzp}kd paäzvejd EZCADBV vembm }b jcmiejembvm fm jcbf}jveyefdf våxkejc μ ; 0"0:= d 0"06= W#k °J"

]bd ymbvdod t}m feimxmbjed d ad mzp}kd EZCADBV fm j}dat}emx cvxc dezadbvm våxkejc! mz t}m ma kezkc kdvmxeda dezadbvm mz hdxxmxd fm ydpcx" Z}

jcmiejembvm μ mz ebdavmxdham! ud t}m ma dexm mzvä mzvdbjc mb }bd jmafd jmxxdfd m ekpmxkmdham! dzmg}xdbfc ma h}mb i}bjecbdkembvc fma dezadbvm

d vxdyåz fma vemkpc"

Pdxd t}m }b kdvmxeda zmd dezadbvm våxkejc fmhm vmbmx }b Jcmiejembvm fm Jcbf}jveyefdf Våxkejd kmbcx d 0"09= W#k °J"

D acz dezadbvmz t}m zm }veaedb pdxd dezadx pcx jcbf}jjeúb acz fmbckebdxmkcz dezadbvmz pcx kdzd"

Mz k}u ekpcxvdbvm fmzvdjdx t}m adz dezadjecbmz pcx kdzd fmhmb kdbvmbmx z} mzpmzcx ebdavmxdham d ac adxgc fma vemkpc"

Vdkheåb fmhmb dzmg}xdx t}m ad kezkd bc ebjcxpcxm n}kmfdf fmhefc d ad jcbfmbzdjeúb z}pmxiejeda! ebvmxzvejeda u pcx j}dat}emx

idjvcx m~vmxbc .aa}yedz pxebjepdakmbvm%" J}dat}emx ydxedjeúb mb mzvm zmbvefc kcfeiejdxä ma pcfmx dezadbvm fma kezkc"

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV dëzadbma jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbf}jjeúb

Ebvmxpcbembfc }b kdvmxeda t}m zm xmzezvd da pdzc fma jdacx! jcb ma

kducx mzpmzcx pczeham" Mzvd jdpdjefdf zm kefm jcb ma Jcmiejembvm fm

Jcbf}jveyefdf Våxkejd ‑μ‛ .adkhfd%! ebnmxmbvm d jdfd kdvmxeda" J}dbvc

käz hdoc zmd mzvm ydacx! kmocx dezadbvm mz ma kdvmxeda! mz fmjex z} L

fezkeb}um"

Vmbembfc mb j}mbvd mzvc! ma L pcx jcbf}jjeúb zm fmvmxkebd jcb ad

zeg}embvm iúxk}ad?

L ; μ # m < X ; 4 # L < X ; m # μ

Zembfc? m ; mzpmzcxAcz ydacxmz fm Jcbf}jveyefdf Våxkejd ‑μ‛ zcb z}kebezvxdfcz pcx acz

idhxejdbvmz d vxdyåz fm mbzducz! mb ma jdzc fm kdvmxedamz bdv}xdamz c

zeb mbzducz xmdaedfcz pcx ma idhxejdbvm! zm pcfxäb chvmbmx mb ad vdhad

fdfd pcx ad bcxkd EXDK 44904"



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

Jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbymjjeúb

Mz ad vxdbzkezeúb fm jdacx d vxdyåz fm acz ia}efcz .aët}efcz u gdzmz%" J}dbfc acz ia}efcz zm pcbmb mb jcbvdjvc jcb z}pmxiejemz jdaembvmz! åzvczd}kmbvdb z} vmkpmxdv}xd u fezkeb}umb z} fmbzefdf gmbmxdbfc }b kcyekembvc dzjmbfmbvm" Mb }bd yeyembfd! ad vxdbzkezeúb pcx jcbymjjeúb bc

ebjefexä kducxkmbvm ndjed ma ebvmxecx! fdfc t}m ad kducx gdbdbjed fm jdacx zm fdxä pcx ad xdfedjeúb fm ad j}hemxvd"

86

³Júkc zm dëzad ma jdacx vxdbzkevefcpcx jcbymjjeúb3

Jckc mb }b dkhembvm mz ekpczeham ekpmfex ma kcyekembvc fma dexm! zmfmhm dezadx våxkejdkmbvm ma vmjnc fm icxkd vda t}m z} vmkpmxdv}xd

z}pmxiejeda ebvmxecx zmd ac kdz pxú~ekd d ad fma dkhembvm! acgxdbfc fm

mzvd icxkd t}m ad påxfefd fm jdacx fma dexm zmd ad kmbcx pczeham"

³Júkc ebvmxyembm EZCADBV mb advxdbzkezeúb fm jdacx pcx jcbymjjeúb3

Da zmx adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV dezadbvmz våxkejcz! acgxdb t}m adz

vmkpmxdv}xdz fmhdoc fm maadz zm kdbvmbgdb ac käz pxú~ekdz d adz

fma dkhembvm ebvmxecx! xmf}jembfc ma ebvmxjdkhec fm jdacx mbvxm ma dexm

ebvmxecx u ma vmjnc! fezkeb}umbfc adz påxfefdz fm jdacx pcx jcbymjjeúb"

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV dëzadbma jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbymjjeúb



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

Jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx xdfedjeúb]b j}mxpc jdaembvm mkevm xdfedjeúb våxkejd .mb icxkd ebixdxxcod%! d vxdyåz fma dexm c fma ydjëc! ndjed cvxc käz ixëc t}m ad dhzcxhm" Pcx momkpac! da

jcacjdx }bd padbjnd fckåzvejd d jemxvd fezvdbjed zchxm ad pdakd fm ad kdbc! zmbvexmkcz jckc exxdfed jdacx ndjed dhdoc! zeb vmbmx t}m ymx mzvc

dagc jcb ad a}" Mb ma jdzc fm }b vmjnc adz jndpdz c adz vmodz zm jdaembvdb pcx djjeúb fma zca! }bd ym zdv}xdfdz aehmxdb ma jdacx d ad jäkdxd fm

dexm gmbmxdfd pcx adz jadydfmxdz c acz kezkcz jdbdamz fm ad jndpd cbf}adfd"

Ad kducx pdxvm fma jdacx yd d zmx vxdbzkevefd fm mzvd kdbmxd u pdxd t}m m~ezvd vxdbzkezeúb pcx xdfedjeúb mz bmjmzdxec }b mzpdjec c jäkdxd fmdexm" Ad xdfedjeúb våxkejd mz vcvdakmbvm ebfmpmbfembvm fm ad a}"

³Júkc zm dëzad ma jdacx vxdbzkevefcpcx xdfedjeúb3

Cpcbembfc d ad i}mbvm fm jdacx }bd z}pmxiejem hxeaadbvm" Fm mzvd

z}pmxiejem dbdaedxmkcz fcz dzpmjvcz?

Mkevdbjed .c mkezeyefdf%? zm xmiemxm d ad jdpdjefdf fm }b kdvmxeda

fm mkevex mbmxgëd xdfedbvm! vcfcz acz kdvmxedamz vembmb mkezeyefdfmz

mb }b xdbgc fm 0 d 4! j}dbvc kdz hdod mz ad mkevdbjed fma kdvmxeda

kmbcx mz ma jdacx xdfedfc fmzfm z} z}pmxiejem" Ma da}kebec pczmm }bd

k}u hdod mkevdbjed ac t}m o}zveiejd z} }zc jckc dezadbvm xmiamjveyc"

Xmiamjvdbjed .c xmiamjveyefdf%? zm xmiemxm d ad ixdjjeúb fm mbmxgëd

xdfedbvm xmjehefd t}m mz xmiamodfd fmzfm ad z}pmxiejem fm }b kdvmxeda"

Ad xmiamjvdbjed u ad mkevdbjed mzväb xmadjecbdfdz! }bd hdod mkevdbjed

jcxxmzpcbfm d }bd z}pmxiejem fm davd xmiamjveyefdf"

JCKPCXVDKEMBVC FM EZCADBV MB YMXDBC M EBYEMXBC

8=

Adz kmkhxdbdz da}kebedfdz EZCADBV dëzadbma jdacx xdfedbvm mkevefc pcx ad j}hemxvd

³Júkc xmzpcbfm EZCADBVda jdacx pcx xdfedjeúb3

EZCADBV pxcpcbm ma dxkdfc fm ad j}hemxvd

jcb jäkdxd fm dexm mbvxm ad kmkhxdbd

EZCADBV u ad j}hemxvd m~vmxecx pcx kmfec fm

adz jadydfmxdz"

D jcbzmj}mbjed fm mzvc! ad xdfedjeúb våxkejd

t}m mkevm ad j}hemxvd da ebvmxecx fm ad yeyembfd

zm vxdbzkevm bmvdkmbvm pcx xdfedjeúb"

D ad xdfedjeúb fm jdacx vxdbzkevefd d vxdyåz fm

ad jäkdxd fm dexm! zm am cpcbm }bd jdxd fm

da}kebec c pcaeåzvmx da}kebedfc adkebdfc d

ad mzp}kd EZCADBV"

Fm mzvm dbäaezez zm fmf}jm t}m vmb+

fxmkcz t}m jcbvxcadx ma pdzc fm jdacx

mb mzvdz vxmz icxkdz! pdxd pcfmx jcb+

vxcadx ad vmkpmxdv}xd mb ma dkhembvm

ebvmxecx! u pdxd maac fmhmxmkcz }veaedx

adz dezadjecbmz dpxcpedfdz"

HdodMKEZEYEFDF



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

³Júkc djvÿdb acz dezadbvmz

fm kdzd vxdfejecbdamz3Xmvxdzdb ma pdzc fma jdacx pcx jcbf}jjeúb ndjed ma ebvmxecx fm ad

yeyembfd" Mz pcx mzvc t}m d }b kducx mzpmzcx! vmbfxmkcz }b kmocx

xmbfekembvc fm ad dezadjeúb" Mz ma jdzc fma pcaemzvexmbc m~pdbfefc!

adbd fm yefxec c mzp}kd fm pcae}xmvdbc" D mzvcz dezadbvmz zm amz

fmhmxä dgxmgdx fcz kdvmxedamz jckpamkmbvdxecz? }b ekpmxkmdham u

}bd hdxxmxd fm ydpcx"

³Júkc djvÿdb adz kmkhxdbdzdezadbvmz fm EZCADBV3

Ze fmhdoc fm ad i}mbvm fm jdacx! ad j}hemxvd fm jndpd c vmod! fmodkcz

}bd jäkdxd fm dexm .t}m zm gmbmxd jcb adz jadydfmxdz%! ad vxdbzkezeúb

fm jdacx ndjed dhdoc zm yd d fdx zcadkmbvm pcx xdfedjeúb" Ze d mzvm

jdacx xdfedbvm t}m mkevm ma vmjnc! zm am ebvmxpcbm }bd z}pmxiejem da}+

kebedfd c fm da}kebec k}u hxeaadbvm! ad xdfedjeúb zm xmiamod u ma jdacx

bc zm vxdbzkevm" Mz pcx mzvd xdúb t}m adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV pdxd

dezadjeúb våxkejd vembmb }bd c fcz jdxdz hxeaadbvmz" A}mgc fm djv}dx

ad dezadjeúb pcx xmiam~eúb! ma mzpmzcx fm mzp}kd EZCADBV xmvdxfdxä

ma pdzc fm jdacx pcx jcbf}jjeúb fm ad kdzd fm dexm jdaembvm! ymbveaäb+

fczm ma jdacx xmkdbmbvm pcx jcbymjjeúb mb ad pmbfembvm fma vmjnc"

D kducx xmt}mxekembvc fm dezadjeúb våxkejd! zm d}kmbvd ma mzpmzcx

fm ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV" Mzvd mzp}kd! d z} ym! mz ekpmxkmdham da

dg}d u hdxxmxd fm ydpcx" Xmzcaymkcz ad hdxxmxd fm ydpcx! ma ekpmx+

kmdham u ad dezadjeúb våxkejd mb }b zcac kdvmxeda"

DEZADJEÚB VXDFEJECBDA

J]HEMXVD JCB MZVX]JV]XDFM KDFMXD U DEZADJEÚBVÅXKEJD PCX KDZD

FCHAM DEZADJEÚB EZCADBV

J]HEMXVD JCB MZVX]JV]XD FM KDFMXD U DEZADJEÚB VÅXKEJD PCXXMIAMÊÚB U KDZD .KMKHXDBDZ DA]KEBE_DFDZ EZCADBV%

VDHAD FM MT]EYDAMBJED FM MZPMZCXMZZMGßB AD XMZEZVMBJED VÅXKEJD

VHD = VHD 40 VHD K]AVEJDPD

Xmzezvmbjedvåxkejd

.k8 °J#W%

YMXDBC EBYEMXBC YMXDBC EBYEMXBC YMXDBC EBYEMXBC

0"59 0"== 4"07 0"99 4"69 0">0

Adbd fmyefxec

.46 lg"#k:%60 kk 8: kk 6= kk 8> kk => kk :8 kk

Pcaemzvexmbcm~pdbfefc

.80 lg"#k:%:8 kk 45 kk := kk 88 kk 6> kk 89 kk

VDHAD FM MT]EYDAMBJED FM MZPMZCXMZZMGßB AD XMZEZVMBJED VÅXKEJD

XMZEZVMBJED VÅXKEJD .K8 °J#W%

KMKHXDBD EZCADBV

ADBD FM YEFXEC

.46 LG"#K:%

PCAEMZVEXMBCM^PDBFEFC.80 LG"#K:%

0"70 FCHAM DA] = 85 kk 8: kk

4"0: FCHAM DA] 40 6: kk :6 kk

4":5 FCHAM DA] 4= => kk 69 kk

89

Jckpdxdveyd mbvxm EZCADBV u cvxcz dezadbvmz våxkejcz

AËBMD YEYEMBFD AËBMD EBF]ZVXED



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

Zm aamgd mbvcbjmz d ad jcb+

ja}zeúb t}m adz kmkhxdbdz

EZCADBV pxcpcxjecbdb }bd

fcham dezadjeúb? nefxúi}gd u

våxkejd mb }b zcac pxcf}jvc"

Fmbvxc fm ad dezadjeúb våx+

kejd! jckhebd fcz vepcz? pcx

xmiam~eúb .d vxdyåz fm ad jdxd

da}kebedfd% u pcx kdzd .d

vxdyåz fm ad mzp}kd EZCADBV fm hdod jcbf}jveyefdf%"

EZCADBV Z"D" nd acgxdfc! d

pdxvex fm }bd kmkhxdbd fm

xmf}jefc mzpmzcx! }b kdvm+

xeda dezadbvm våxkejc! vcvda+

kmbvm ekpmxkmdham u hdxxmxd

ydpcx! fm jckpxchdfd jdae+

fdf u mimjveyefdf"

87

Hmbmiejecz fm dezadx jcb kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV

Ebzvdadbfc EZCADBV zm acgxd?

DEZADJEÚBVÅXKEJD

Myevdb ad påxfefd fm

jdacx ebvmxbc mb ebyemxbc

u ad gdbdbjed fm

jdacx m~vmxbc mb ymxdbc"

DEZADJEÚBNEFXÚI]GD

Myevdb ma pdzc fma dg}d!

ekpmxkmdheaedbfc

vcvdakmbvm ma vmjnc"

MYEVDX AD JCBFMBZDJEÚB

Myevdb t}m ma ydpcx

fm dg}d ebvmxecx

aamg}m d ad z}pmxiejem

u jcbfmbzm zchxm

ma kdjnekhxm"

DEZADJEÚBVÅXKEJD PCXXMIAMÊÚB U KDZD,DEZADJEÚBNEFXÚI]GD



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

8>

_CBDZHECJAEKÄVEJDZ

_CBD Z]H _CBD JE]FDFVMKPMXDV]XD KMFED

KËBEKD KÄÊKD

EE d Icxkczd 48 ¿J :6 ¿J

E h Jcxxembvmz 44 ¿J :: ¿J

EEEE d Jdvdkdxjd 40 ¿J :0 ¿J

EE h Zdbvd Im 7 ¿J :4 ¿J

EEEEEE d Júxfchd 6 ¿J 85 ¿J

EEE h H}mbcz Dexmz = ¿J :0 ¿J

EY

EY d Kmbfcd 8 ¿J :8 ¿J

EY h Bm}t}åb + 4 ¿J :0 ¿J

EY j Vxmamw 4 ¿J 8> ¿J

EY f Kdx fma Padvd : ¿J 89 ¿J

Y + Zdb Xdidma 4 ¿J :4 ¿J

YE + ]zn}ded + 8 ¿J 46 ¿J

_cbdz HecdkhembvdamzAdz jcbfejecbmz häzejdz zchxm adz t}m fmvmxkebdxmkcz adz dezadjecbmz fm }bd yeyembfd mzvd+

xäb fdfdz mb i}bjeúb fm z} }hejdjeúb gmcgxäiejd" Z}xgm dzë! ad bmjmzefdf fm jcbcjmx adz

ydxedbvmz jaekdvcaúgejdz t}m bcz pxmzmbvd ma zevec mb fcbfm fmzdxxcaadxmkcz b}mzvxc pxcumjvc"

Adz ydxedbvmz jaekävejdz t}m ebvmxyembmb zcb k}jndz"Mb ad Dxgmbvebd ad Bcxkd EXDK 4490: z}hfeyefm ma pdëz mb cbdz hecjaekävejdz fmvmxkebdbfc

adz vmkpmxdv}xdz kmfedz! kä~ekdz dhzca}vdz u kmfedz! këbekdz dhzca}vdz u kmfedz< ad pxm +

zeúb c vmbzeúb fma ydpcx< ad n}kmfdf xmadveyd< adz ymacjefdfmz u ixmj}mbjedz kmfedz fma yembvc<

ad pxmjepevdjeúb< ad nmaecidbëd xmadveyd u ad b}hczefdf vcvda" Mzcz fdvcz pmxkevmb! d z} ym!

fmvmxkebdx cvxdz ydxedhamz fm fezmôc jckc zmx fëdz vëpejdkmbvm jäaefcz u vëpejdkmbvm ixëcz!

vmkpmxdv}xdz kä~ekd! kmfed u këbekd< vmkpmxdv}xdz mimjveyd jcxxmgefd kä~ekd u kmfed<

n}kmfdf! mvj"! c ebfejdfcxmz mbmxgåvejcz jckc acz gxdfcz fëd fm jdamidjjeúb u mbixedkembvc"

P}bv}dakmbvm zm fmvmxkebdb ydacxmz kä~ekcz fm L d xmzpmvdx pdxd adz feimxmbvmz cbdz! mb

vmjncz u k}xcz"

Mzvcz ydacxmz fm L fmhmxäb ymxeiejdxzm mb ma zezvmkd fm vmjnc c k}xc t}m mzvmkcz fezmôdbfc<

vdkheåb fmhmxmkcz ymxeiejdx ad jcbfmbzdjeúb fm dj}mxfc d ad Bcxkd EXDK 4498="

]bd ym t}m zm nd acjdaedfc ad cbd hecjaekävejd fcbfm yd d jcbzvx}exzm ma mfeiejec! jcb aczydacxmz fm Vmkpmxdv}xd M~vmxecx fm Fezmôc .fm Ebyemxbc u Ymxdbc% u }veaedbfc ad Bcxkd EXDK

4490= zm jcbcjmb acz ydacxmz kä~ekcz dfkezehamz fm Vxdbzkevdbjed Våxkejd pdxd jcbfejec +

bmz fm Ymxdbc ._cbdz E d EY% u pdxd Ebyemxbc ._cbdz EEE d EY%" Adz cbdz Y u YE bc vembmb m~egmb+

jedz fm dezadjeúb pdxd ma Ymxdbc"

Fmvmxkebdfcz acz ydacxmz fm L pdxd dkhcz jdzcz! ud pcfmkcz mamgex u jdaj}adx acz vepcz u

mzpmzcxmz fma dezadkembvc våxkejc t}m b}mzvxd jcbzvx}jjeúb bmjmzevd"

D jcbveb}djeúb zm pxmzmbvd }bd vdhad t}m mb}kmxd dag}bdz je}fdfmz fma ebvmxecx fm b}mz+

vxc pdëz +jcb xmimxmbjed pcx cbd hecdkhembvda+ u jcb maad! acz xdbgcz fm vmkpmxdv}xd kmfed

këbekd u kä~ekd db}damz d jcbzefmxdx pdxd ma jäaj}ac"

Pdxd }b jcxxmjvc fezmôc fm dezadjeúb

våxkejd! zm fmhmxäb jcbzefmxdx adz

Bcxkdz EXDK 44904! 4490:! 44906

u 4490="



D E

Z A D J E C B M Z

Jckpcxvdkembvc fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV ixmbvm da i}mgc]bc fm acz idjvcxmz ekpcxvdbvmz d vmbmx mb j}mbvd j}dbfc jcbzefmxdkcz acz dezadkembvcz! mz t}m fmhmkcz jckpxmbfmx t}m VCFC zm

t}mkd" Zúac mz j}mzveúb fm vmkpmxdv}xd" J}dbfc fmjekcz t}m }b kdvmxeda mz egbëi}gc .mz fmjex! t}m bc mbjembfm aadkd% c t}m vembm }bd

jemxvd ymacjefdf fm pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkd! mzvdkcz ndjembfc xmimxmbjed d }b mbzduc fmhefdkmbvm bcxkdaedfc t}m bcz pmxkevm jckpdxdx

feimxmbvmz kdvmxedamz mbvxm zë! pdxd pcfmx mamgex ma t}m kmocx zm jckpcxvm c kmocx j}kpad adz m~pmjvdveydz dbvm }b mymbv}da zebemzvxc"

Fmzdxxcaac fm pxcf}jvczMb yexv}f fm kmocxdx ma jckpcxvdkembvc ixmbvm da i}mgc fm acz kdvmxedamz t}m vxdfejecbdakmbvm zm }veaedxcb pdxd ad dezadjeúb fm vmjncz mb

yeyembfdz u cvxcz mfeiejecz! zm fmzdxxcaadxcb pxcf}jvcz jcb jdxdjvmxëzvejdz feimxmbvmz! mbvxm maadz ad ebjcxpcxdjeúb fm dfeveycz xmvdxfdbvmz fm

aadkd mb ad mzp}kd u ad ebjcxpcxdjeúb fm iceaz fm da}kebec mb jdxdz yezvdz pdxd djv}dx jckc xmvdxfdbvm fm ad djjeúb fma i}mgc"

Bcxkd EXDK 44540Ma Ebzvev}vc fm Xdjecbdaedjeúb Dxgmbvebc fm Kdvmxedamz mzvdhamjm

fezvebvdz bcxkdz våjbejdz t}m vembfmb d jcbvxeh}ex u pxckcymx ma

kmocxdkembvc fm ad jdaefdf fm yefd! ad zmg}xefdf fm adz pmxzcbdz u

pxckcymx ma }zc xdjecbda fm acz xmj}xzcz mbvxm cvxdz djveyefdfmz"

Dzë! fmzdxxcaad fezvebvdz bcxkdz t}m zcb dpaejdfdz mb acz kdvmxedamz<jcb xmzpmjvc d acz ebjmbfecz mbzdud z} jckpcxvdkembvc ixmbvm da

i}mgc u acz jadzeiejd mb ad Bcxkd EXDK 44540"

Mb kdvmxedamz t}m zm pxmz}pcbmb t}m xmzezvmb jdacx pcx dxxehd

fm 700¿J .djmxcz! hact}mz jmxäkejcz! jcbjxmvcz! mvj"%! zm xmdaed

ma mbzduc hdoc ad Bcxkd EXDK 44540+8< ze j}kpamb acz xmt}ezevcz

mzvep}adfcz! zm amz cvcxgd ad jadzeiejdjeúb XM4"

Vcfcz acz fmkäz kdvmxedamz zm mbzdudb hdoc ad bcxkd EXDK 44540+:"

Fmbvxc fm mzvm gx}pc! adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV dajdbdb adz

jadzeiejdjecbmz käz davdz! XM8 u XM:"

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV i}mxcb mbzdudfdz ydxedz ymjmz d ac adxgc fm mzvcz dôcz mb ma EBVE .Ebzvev}vc Bdjecbda fm Vmjbcacgëd Ebf}zvxeda% mb

fcbfm zm fmvmxkebú z} jckpcxvdkembvc ixmbvm da i}mgc" Mzvcz mbzducz dxxcodb jckc xmz}avdfc?

Kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV VH#VHD¢? Jdaeiejdjeúb XM: + Kdvmxeda fm Hdod Pxcpdgdjeúb fm Aadkd

Kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV FCHAM DA]¢? Jdaeiejdjeúb XM8 + Kdvmxeda fm K}u Hdod Pxcpdgdjeúb fm Aadkd

Gdzmz pxcf}jvc fm ad jckh}zveúb fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBVD vxdyåz fm }b mbzduc fm kmfejeúb fm mzpmjvxc! zm fmvmxkebú t}m fm ad jckh}zveúb jckpamvd fma pcaemveambc dxxcod jckc xmz}avdfc zcadkmbvm

Feú~efc fm Jdxhcbc .JC8%! jdacx u ydpcx fm dg}d" Ze ad jckh}zveúb mz ebjckpamvd! zm z}kd ma Kcbú~efc fm Jdxhcbc .JC%" Bc zm pxcf}jm bebgÿb

vepc fm gdz vú~ejc c mbymbmbdbvm"

Dpxchdjeúb fm adz d}vcxefdfmzEZCADBV gmzvecbd ad dpxchdjeúb u#c jmxveiejdjeúb fm z}z pxcf}jvcz dbvm d}vcxefdfmz d beyma pxcyebjeda! bdjecbda c j}dat}emx cvxc mbvm

jdaeiejdfc" Dzekezkc pxcymm d z}z jaembvmz fm acz jmxveiejdfcz jcxxmzpcbfembvmz! hxebfd jndxadz ebicxkdveydz u mbvxmgd fm kdvmxeda pdxd

fmkczvxdjecbmz pxäjvejdz"

EKPCXVDBVMXmj}mxfm t}m adz jcbfejecbmz fm mbzduc ‚mb vcfcz acz jdzcz‚ feiemxmb fm ac t}m xmdakmbvm cj}xxm mb }b zebemzvxc u t}m mzvcz xmz}avdfcz bc fmhmb

zmx }zdfcz pdxd fmzjxehex u#c dydadx ma xemzgc fm ebjmbfec fm }b kdvmxeda! pxcf}jvc c zezvmkd mb jcbfejecbmz fm ebjmbfec xmda" Mz k}u ekpcxvdbvm

ad myda}djeúb fm adz ebzvdadjecbmz fm fmvmjjeúb u m~vebjeúb bmjmzdxedz! dzë jckc ma fezmôc fm adz yëdz fm mzjdpm mb jdzc fm mkmxgmbjed"

MZ EKPCZEHAM myevdx mb }b 400- acz xemzgcz pdxd adz pmxzcbdz jcb ad zekpam mamjjeúb fm acz kdvmxedamz< pmxc ac t}m zë ndu t}m vmbmx mb j}mbvd mz ad

}veaedjeúb fm kdvmxedamz t}m pmxkevdb ad mydj}djeúb zeb jcbzmj}mbjedz amvdamz jckc ma mbymbmbdkembvc jcb gdzmz fm jckh}zveúb fm fejncz pxcf}jvcz"

Ma pxekmx chomveyc fm zmg}xefdf jcbvxd ma i}mgc mz dzmg}xdx t}m mb jdzc fm ebjmbfec! ma vemkpc xmt}mxefc pdxd mydj}dx maxmjebvc zebemzvxdfc zmd kmbcx da xmt}mxefc pcx ma i}mgc pdxd jxmdx jcbfejecbmz ebzczvmbehamz fm ndhevdheaefdf mb ma kezkc"

JADZEIEJDJEÚB FM ACZ PXCF]JVCZFM DJ]MXFC D AD BCXKD EXDK 44540

JADZM FMBCKEBDJEÚB BCXKD EXDK

XM 4 EBJCKH]ZVEHAM 44540 + 8

XM 8 K]U HDOD PXCPDGDJEÚBFM AADKD 44540 + :

XM : HDOD PXCPDGDJEÚBFM AADKD 44540 + :

XM 6 KMFEDBD PXCPDGDJEÚBFM AADKD 44540 + :

XM = MAMYDFD PXCPDGDJEÚBFM AADKD 44540 + :

XM 9 K]U MAMYDFDPXCPDGDJEÚB FM AADKD 44540 + :

85



I C X K D Z

F M J C A C J D J E Ú B

:0

Icxkdz fm jcacjdjeúb

D jcbveb}djeúb ymxmkcz jdzcz gmbmxdamz fm xmzca}jeúb fm vmjncz u ad dpaejdjeúb fm kdvmxedamz dezadbvmz fm adz fezvebvdz aëbmdz

fm pxcf}jvcz fm EZCADBV Z"D"

Z}gmxekcz dbvmz fm xmdaedx j}dat}emx vxdhdoc jcbz}avdx ma Júfegc fm Mfeiejdjeúb u Bcxkdz dpaejdhamz mb ma äxmd mb t}m zm mbj}mb+

vxm zev}dfd z} chxd"

BCVDZ?

• Ma ieak da}kebedfc c fm da}kebec fm adz kmkhxdbdz VHD! ZEMKPXM fmhmxä zmx jcacjdfc ndjed ad z}pmxiejem xdfedbvm .vmodz!

jndpdz%! mz fmjex! zm jcacjd ZEMKPXM ndjed dxxehd"

• Mz k}u ekpcxvdbvm ad jcacjdjeúb fma aezvúb ebimxecx mb adz kmkhxdbdz dezadbvmz" Mb pxekmx a}gdx pmxkevm ad ymbveadjeúb pmxkd+

bmbvm fma kdjnekhxm myevdbfc ad pczeheaefdf fm ad dpdxejeúb fm kdbjndz jd}zdfdz pcx n}kmfdf } ncbgcz" Mb zmg}bfc a}gdx!

pmxkevm acgxdx }bd kducx dav}xd fm ad jäkdxd fm dexm icxkdfd mbvxm ad jdxd xmiamjvdbvm fm ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV u ad j}hemxvd!

ac t}m dzmg}xd t}m ma zezvmkd fm dezadjeúb VHD i}bjecbm jcxxmjvdkmbvm" Mb vmxjmx a}gdx! jdbdaed ieavxdjecbmz u iebdakmbvm

pmxkevm jadydx acz aezvcbmz fm 8 ~ 4 jcb kducx pxmjezeúb mb ad aëbmd fm acz jdhecz"

• Vcfcz acz xcaacz fm kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV ebja}umb mb z} mkhdadom! ebzvx}jjecbmz fm jcacjdjeúb d zmg}ex"

Aëbmd yeyembfd4" Mzvx}jv}xd jcb vexdbvmz u kdjnekhxm c mbvdhacbdfcz

Mz ma jdzc käz gmbmxdaedfc fmbvxc fm yeyembfdz ebfeyef}damz" Ebfmpmbfembvmkmbvm t}m zm maeod }veaedx }bd mzvx}jv}xd fm jdhecz cfm jcxxmdz! pcx ac gmbmxda! adz dezadjecbmz zm jcacjdb zchxm }b kdjnekhxm c mbvdhacbdfc jadydfc d ad mzvx}jv}xd t}m zexym vdbvc fm

zczvåb fm acz kdvmxedamz dezadbvmz u acz aezvcbmz fm ieodjeúb fm ad j}hemxvd! jckc dzë vdkheåb fm xmymzvekembvc ebvmxbc fm ad yeyembfd"

FMVDAAM FM VMJNC JCB KDJNEKHXM + JDZC GMBMXDA

JÄKDXD FM DEXM KDJNEKHXM

JDHEC

JADYDFMXD AEZVÚB 4 ̂ »‛

AEZVÚB 8^4‛

PMXKEVM ]HEJDX AD AËBMD PDXDJADYDX MA AEZVÚB UMZMXC

PMXKEVM YMBVEADX MA KDJNEKHXM

GMBMXD ]BD KMOCX JÄKDXD FM DEXM

JDBDAE_D IEAVXDJECBMZ .DA JMBVXC FM AD KMKHXDBD%

I]BJECBMZ FMA AEZVÚB FM 8~4‛



I C X K D Z


:4

Pdzc d pdzc fm jcacjdjeúb fm kmkhxdbdz HDOC VMOD EZCADBV

]bd ym fezp}mzvc ma kdjnekhxm zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd fma vmjnc!

jckembdb adz z}jmzeydz mvdpdz pdxd ad jcacjdjeúb fm ad kmkhxdbd"

Zchxm ma kdjnekhxm zm jcacjdb aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd fm 8 ~ 4‛ d ac

adxgc fm ad aëbmd fm acz jdhecz c vexdbvmz mzvx}jv}xdamz"

Zm pxmzmbvd ma xcaac mb ad pdxvm ebimxecx fma idafúb fma vmjnc! dpc+

udbfc acz hdzvcbmz u xmgadbfc åzvcz jcb ma kdjnekhxm" Acz hdzvcbmz

pmxkevmb zmg}ex ad jcxxmjvd aëbmd ncxecbvda fma beyma m ekpefmb ma fmz+

aedkembvc fma xcaac"

Zm fmzmbxcaad ad kmkhxdbd j}hxembfc ad z}pmxiejem fma vmjnc"

Fmodbfc ma xcaac dpcudfc zchxm acz aezvcbmz u ma kdjnekhxm" Mb jdzc fm

jcxvdx ma xcaac! p}mfm ndjmxac jcb vxebjnmvd" Acz hdzvcbmz fmodxäb jcb+

f}jvcz fm ymbveadjeúb pdxdamacz da kdjnekhxm t}m jcbia}exäb mb adz ymbve+

adjecbmz dzjmbfmbvmz fma aezvúb fm 8‛ ~ 4‛"

Zchxm ad kmkhxdbd fmzmbxcaadfd! zm jcacjd ma pxekmx aezvúb fm

ieodjeúb .aadkdfc ‑umzmxc‛ fm 4‛ ~ »‛% t}m z}omvdxä ad kezkd" Ad kmk+

hxdbd EZCADBV dhxdd ma jadyc ekpefembfc ma pdzdom fm dg}d d vxdyåz

fm mzvm" Ma aezvúb fm 4 ~ »‛ p}mfm jcacjdxzm mb vxdkcz fm 50 jk" c hemb

fm adxgcz kducxmz"

Zm jcbvebÿdb jcacjdbfc acz aezvcbmz umzmxcz ieodbfc ma xcaac fmzpamgdfc

da vmjnc" Zchxm mzvcz aezvcbmz zm xmpadbvmd ad pczejeúb fm adz jadydfmxdz"

Ad kmkhxdbd VHD K]AVEJDPD xmzezvm d ad ebvmkpmxem ndzvd 9 kmzmz"

Zm jcacjdb adz daidoëdz c jadydfmxdz t}m zmxyexäb fm zcpcxvm d ad

j}hemxvd u pmxkevexäb vxdbzevdx pxcyezcxedkmbvm jcb zmg}xefdf zchxm

ad pmbfembvm fma idafúb"

4

:

=

8

6

9

BCVD? pdxd ad VHD K]AVEJDPD zm jcbzefmxd aezvúb fm 4 »‛ ~ »‛ mb a}gdx fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ fmhdoc fm ad kmkhxdbd"



I C X K D Z


:8

D kmfefd t}m zm m~vembfm ma zeg}embvm xcaac! zm xmvexd ma pdpma t}m

j}hxm ma zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe+Vdj¢ u zm ac zcadpd fm = d 40 jk"

zchxm ma xcaac ud jcacjdfc" Mb jdzc fm t}m ma Xdpe+Vdj¢ n}hemzm pmx+

fefc dfnmxmbjed! djveydxac dpaejdbfc dexm jdaembvm .Bc }zm zcpamvm%"

Ad m~vmbzeúb fma xcaac zm mimjvÿd }zdbfc acz hdzvcbmz jckc xmgad

u d jcbveb}djeúb zm ieod b}mydkmbvm ad kmkhxdbd jcb aezvcbmz umzm+

xcz jckc zm ebfejú mb ma p}bvc =" Xmj}mxfm pxmzecbdx iexkmkmbvm

zchxm ma zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc pdxd acgxdx }b jcxxmjvc pmgdfc"

Fm mzvd icxkd acgxdxmkcz }b vmjnc jckpamvdkmbvm ymbveadfc

fmhdoc fm ad kmkhxdbd! jcb }bd ymbveadjeúb ncxecbvda mbvxm hdzvc+

bmz u t}m jcbia}um d ad ymbveadjeúb ymxvejda dzjmbfmbvm pcx ma advmxda

fma fcham aezvúb"

Ma zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc gdxdbved ad jcbveb}efdf mb ad dezadjeúb

nefxúi}gd u våxkejd" ]bd ym j}hemxvc ma vmjnc jcb ad kmkhxdbd! zm

jcacjd ma xmzvc fm adz daidoëdz .jadydfmxdz% u iebdakmbvm zm jcacjdb adz

vmodz c jndpdz fm j}hemxvd"

J}dbfc zm aamgd d ad j}khxmxd zm fmhm pxcjmfmx d j}hxex ad kezkd

jcb cvxc xcaac t}m dzmg}xm ma vcvda mzj}xxekembvc fma dg}d zchxm acz

xcaacz t}m j}hxmb acz idafcbmz"

Zm aamgd dzë mb pcjc vemkpc d }b vmjnc vcvdakmbvm ekpmxkmdheae+

dfc u dezadfc våxkejdkmbvm" Pcx acz mimjvcz fm acz hdzvcbmz kdz ad

cbfd t}m zm pxcf}jm mb ad kmkhxdbd pcx ma fcham aezvúb fm umzmxc zm

acgxd }bd jcxxmjvd ymbveadjeúb jx}dfd fmhdoc fma dezadbvm"

7

5

>

40

4844



I C X K D Z


::

8" Mzvx}jv}xd jcb vexdbvmz! zeb kdjnekhxm

Mb ma jdzc t}m zm pxcumjvm xmdaedx }b vmjnc j}ud mzvx}jv}xd bc ebja}ud ad }veaedjeúb fm kdjnekhxm c mbvdhacbdfc! bmjmzevdxmkcz }b z}zvmbvc

pdxd acz kdvmxedamz dezadbvmz"

Mzvc p}mfm xmzcaymxzm fm fcz kcfcz?

d% Jcacjdbfc zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd }bd kdaad paäzvejd jcb }bd zmpdxdjeúb fm 40 d 80 jk" mbvxm z}z neacz"h% Dxkdbfc }bd kdaad jcb dadkhxmz gdaydbedfcz mbvxm acz vexdbvmz! pxmimxmbvmkmbvm fm icxkd xckhcefda c j}dfxdfd fm bc kdz fm 60 jk" fm adfc"

Zchxm mzvd! zm jcacjdxäb adz kmkhxdbdz dezadbvmz u zm ieodxäb jadydbfc }b aezvúb umzmxc d ad mzvx}jv}xd fm vexdbvmz" Ad icxkd fm jcacjdjeúb fm

adz kmkhxdbdz bc feiemxm fm ac ud m~paejdfc mb ma p}bvc dbvmxecx"

J}dbfc ad kmkhxdbd t}mfd m~p}mzvd d ad yezvd! mz

xmjckmbfdham pcbmx dvmbjeúb mb acz zeg}embvmz p}bvcz?

4" Pxcaeoefdf mb ad jcacjdjeúb fma mbvxdkdfc fm dadkhxm"

8" Kmkhxdbd hemb pmgdfd mb acz zcadpmz u hemb vmbzdfd"

Xmjckmbfdjeúb? mzvd icxkd fm jcacjdjeúb mz dpaejdham d

vmjncz t}m a}mgc vmbfxäb jemacxxdzc" Mb jdzc fm bc vmbmxac!

z}gmxekcz jcacjdx ma pxcf}jvc FCHAM DA]"

Adz vmxkebdjecbmz d ad yezvd pczehamz zcb?

4" Mzp}kd hadbjd" .Kmkhxdbdz VH u VHD%

Mb mzvm jdzc fmhmxä jckpamvdxzm ma vmjnc jcb }b jemacxxdzc!

ud t}m bc pcfxä xmjehex xdfedjeúb ]Y fexmjvd"

8" Da}kebec" .Kmkhxdbdz Fcham DA]%

Mzvm vepc fm jcacjdjeúb mz jckÿb j}dbfc zm

pxcumjvd xmdaedx }b jemacxxdzc z}zpmbfefc mb

}bd zmg}bfd mvdpd"

4

8

:



I C X K D Z


:6

:" Mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd m~ezvmbvm

Mb vmjncz m~ezvmbvmz jcb mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd ad icxkd fm jcacjdx adz kmkhxdbdz mz fmzfm dhdoc! zeb vcjdx bebgÿb mamkmbvc mzvx}jv}xda c fm

ad j}hemxvd"

Pdxd maac! zm ieod d ad mzvx}jv}xd fm jdhecz adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV! z}omvdfdz jcb }b aezvúb fm 4 ~ »‛ vda jckc zm ym mb acz gxäiejcz d jcbve+

b}djeúb" Zm p}mfm aamgdx d myevdx ma aezvúb }veaedbfc }bjncz paäzvejcz u kät}ebd mbgxdpdfcxd" Ad jdxd xmiamjvdbvm fm ad kmkhxdbd zemkpxm yd

ndjed dxxehd"

BCVDZ?

• Xmj}mxfm t}m ad mzp}kd fm adz kmkhxdbdz! bc fmhm t}mfdx m~p}mzvd d xducz zcadxmz fexmjvd c ebfexmjvdkmbvm ud t}m mzvc

pxcf}jm ad fmgxdfdjeúb fma kdvmxeda"

• Mb mzvcz jdzcz u pdxd kmocxdx ad vmxkebdjeúb! mz xmjckmbfdham jcbzvx}ex }b jemacxxdzc z}zpmbfefc c hemb ebzvdadx }b kdjnekhxmc xmymzvekembvc fm vmxkebdjeúb ieodfc d acz jdhecz! djckpdôdbfc ad icxkd fma vmjnc u cj}avdbfc ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm"

4

Mzvd zca}jeúb hxebfd zúac dezadjeúb våxkejd u zm jcac+

jdxä jcb ad jdxd fm da}kebec ndjed dxxehd" Zm m~vembfm

ma pxekmx xcaac jcb ma zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc ndjed ma

hcxfm ebimxecx"

8

Ad jcacjdjeúb zm mimjvÿd jckmbdbfc fm dxxehd ndjed

dhdoc u zcadpdbfc acz xcaacz t}m zm }bexäb jcb ma Xdpe+

Vdj¢" Ma zmg}bfc xcaac zm pxmzmbvd fm icxkd vda t}m ma

zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc t}mfm hdoc ma hcxfm ebimxecx fma

xcaac dbvmxecx" Zm xmvexd ma pdpma fm fmzkcafm u zm pmgd

ma zcadpm zchxm ma xcaac dbvmxecx"

Zm jcbvebÿd zcadpdbfc acz xcaacz acgxdbfc fm mzvd

icxkd vmbmx }bd z}pmxiejem jcbvëb}d fm dezadbvm" ]bdym jcacjdfd ad kmkhxdbd zm ieod ma jemacxxdzc fmiebe+

veyc d acz aezvcbmz"

:



I C X K D Z


Ieodx adz jndpdz c vmodz fm j}hemxvd d adzjadydfmxdz"

:=

6" Mzvx}jv}xd jcb mbvdhacbdfc mb cbdz fm vmkpmxdv}xdz m~vxmkdz fm jdacx c ixëc

Zmgÿb yekcz! ma pdëz zm feyefm mb fezvebvdz cbdz hecdkhembvdamz u mb dag}bdz fm maadz zm xmjckembfd ad }veaedjeúb fm kducx dezadkembvc våxkejc

pdxd pdaedx adz vmkpmxdv}xdz m~vxmkdfdkmbvm davdz c hdodz" Mb mzvcz jdzcz! zm fmhm jcacjdx }b kducx mzpmzcx fm mzp}kd dvåxkejd EZCADBV

pdxd jckpamkmbvdx ma dezadkembvc u pdxd maac nmkcz fmzdxxcaadfc K]AVEHACJL¢" Ma kezkc mzvd jcbicxkdfc pcx }bd mzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejd zeke+

adx d vcfdz adz kmkhxdbdz fm EZCADBV m ebja}um acz m~ja}zeycz hdzvcbmz fm ymbveadjeúb t}m kmocxdb ad yefd ÿvea fma mbvdhacbdfc" Dfmkäz! ebjcx+

pcxd mb z} jdxd z}pmxecx }b ieak fm pcaemveambc jcb zcadpm fm 40 jk" fm dbjnc t}m pmxkevm j}hxex vcfd ad mzvx}jv}xd fm kdfmxd fm ad jcbzvx}jjeúbdzmg}xdbfc ad vcvda mzvdbt}mefdf fm ad kezkd" Jcb ad jcacjdjeúb fm K]AVEHACJL¢! zm d}kmbvd jcbzefmxdhamkmbvm ad dezadjeúb pcx kdzd t}m

myevd ad jcbf}jjeúb fm jdacx" Pcx mbjekd fm åzvm! zm xmjckembfd ad jcacjdjeúb fm dagÿb pxcf}jvc fm ad aëbmd VHD .pxmimxmbvmkmbvm VHD =%! j}uc

ieak xmiamjvdbvm jckpamvdxä ad pmxicxkdbjm fma zezvmkd fm dezadkembvc pxcp}mzvc pcx EZCADBV .dezadkembvc pcx kdzd u pcx xmiam~eúb%"

FMVDAAM FM VMJNC JCB KDJNEKHXM + _CBDZ K]U IXËDZ

MB JDZC FM _CBDZ IXËDZ ZM D]KMBVD AD DEZADJEÚB DGXMGDBFC MZPMZCX FM DEZADBVM MBVXM ACZ AEZVCBMZ

Jadydx aezvcbmz fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ ú 8‛ ~ 8‛ .zmgÿb

ma mzpmzcx t}m zm t}emxd dgxmgdx% zchxm ma

kdjnekhxm! zchxm ad aëbmd fm pxcumjjeúb fm

acz jdhecz"

Jcxvdx adz padbjndz fm dezadbvm pcx kdzd!

fm }b dbjnc zekeadx d ad fezvdbjed mbvxm acz

aezvcbmz u jdadxadz mbvxm mzvcz"

Jcacjdx mb icxkd pmxpmbfej}adx d acz aezvc+

bmz fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ ú 8‛ ~ 8‛! ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV

VHD fm dhdoc ndjed dxxehd! zcadpäbfcad bc

kmbcz fm 40 jk" mb ma zmbvefc fm ad pmbfembvm"

Ieodx ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV VHD jcb aczaezvcbmz fm umzmxc .4‛ ~ »‛%"

Jadydx acz aezvcbmz fm umzmxc fm 4‛ ~ »‛"Xmpadbvmdx zchxm mzvc ad }hejdjeúb fm adz jad+

ydfmxdz u ieodxadz"

4 :

=

8

6 9



I C X K D Z


:9

=" Mzvx}jv}xd ebjaebdfd fm aczd

Pdxd z} jcacjdjeúb zm fmhmb zmg}ex acz zeg}embvmz pdzcz?

d% F}xdbvm ad momj}jeúb fm ad aczd fmhmxäb ebjcxpcxdxzm aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd c ‑vdjcz‛ t}m bcz zmxyexäb pdxd ieodx ad mzvx}jv}xd pcxvdbvm fma dez+

adkembvc u ad j}hemxvd .ieg}xd 4%"

h% Xmjckmbfdkcz t}m ad zmpdxdjeúb mbvxm aezvcbmz zmd fm 90 d 70 jk" Zchxm åzvcz jadydxmkcz aezvcbmz fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ mb ma kezkc zmbvefc t}m ad

jdëfd fma idafúb .ieg}xd 8%"j% D pdxvex fm mzvm kckmbvc jcacjdxmkcz ad kmkhxdbd u ad mzvx}jv}xd fm zcpcxvm fm ad j}hemxvd iebda fma kezkc kcfc t}m zm m~paejú mb

‑Mzvx}jv}xd jcb vexdbvmz u kdjnekhxm c mbvdhacbdfc‛ da jckembc fm mzvm jdpëv}ac .ieg}xdz : d 9%"

BCVD? }z}dakmbvm zm djczv}khxd pmgdx adz vmodz d ad aczd }veaedbfc }bd kmjad fm jcbjxmvc" Acz vxmz kdvmxedamz .aczd! kmjad

jmkmbvejed u vmod% vembmb feadvdjecbmz fezvebvdz u mzc pxcf}jexä iez}xdz k}u xäpefdkmbvm" Ad jcacjdjeúb pxcp}mzvd mb mzvd pägebdgdxdbved }b miejembvm dezadkembvc u f}xdjeúb fma vmjnc"

4 8

: 6

= 9



I C X K D Z


Aczd jcb jcbvxdpezc fm pmxaevdjcb vmodz pmgdfdz d ad jda

:7

• Ma jcbvxdpezc fm pmxaevd zm }veaed pdxd d}kmbvdx ad xmzezvmbjed våx+

kejd zchxm ad aczd pmxc d}kmbvd ma pmzc zchxm ad kezkd" Zm fmhmxä

jcadx zchxm ad aczd zeb pmxkevex ad fezgxmgdjeúb fm acz kdvmxedamz

jckpcbmbvmz pcxt}m pmxfmxä z} i}bjecbdaefdf u ad z}pmxiejem vmb+

fxä t}m zmx aezd pdxd pcfmx jcacjdx ad kmkhxdbd dziäavejd"

• Ad jcacjdjeúb fm ad kmkhxdbd dziäavejd zm xmdaed zcafdbfc jcb

zcpamvm u gdz! pdxd i}bfex u pmgdx acz dzidavcz" Mzvm vxdhdoc pcbm mb

xemzgc ad zmg}xefdf fma vxdhdodfcx"

• Ad ieodjeúb fm adz vmodz jcb kcxvmxc fm dzembvc jmkmbvejec xmt}emxm

kducx vemkpc fm momj}jeúb pcx vxdhdodx jcb kdvmxedamz nÿkmfcz

t}m d z} ym xmt}emxmb vemkpc fm zmjdfc pdxd t}m dfnemxdb"

• Ad aczd feadvd u jcbvxdm pcx feimxmbjedz fm vmkpmxdv}xd mbvxm acz

kdvmxedamz! ndjembfc t}m ad vmod p}mfd fmzpmgdxzm c z}ixex iez}xdz

pcx mzvdx pmgdfd jcb kdvmxeda xëgefc" Xmmkpaddx j}dat}emx vmod

xcvd zm y}maym käz feiëjea"

• Ad pcjd ymbveadjeúb fm adz vmodz mb z} pdxvm ebimxecx pmxo}fejd adz

jcbfejecbmz negxcvåxkejdz p}feåbfczm pxcf}jex jcbfmbzdjeúb"

• Ad ebmxjed u ad jcbf}jjeúb våxkejd fm acz kdvmxedamz ndjmb t}m ad

j}hemxvd vcfd pmxkdbmjd jdaembvm pcx käz vemkpc! dÿb j}dbfc bc

vmbgd zcamdkembvc"

• Ad davd vmkpmxdv}xd d ad t}m mz zckmvefd ad kmkhxdbd dziäavejd!

pxcf}jm ad aehmxdjeúb fm djmevm jcb pczvmxecx iez}xdjeúb fm ad kezkd!

pmxkevembfc mb pcjc vemkpc ma pdzdom fm dg}d u#c n}kmfdf"

• Kmbcx jczvc fm acz kdvmxedamz jckpcbmbvmz"

• Kducx dezadjeúb våxkejd! zm chvembm 64- käz"

• Kmbcx pmzc zchxm ad aczd? :4- käz aeyedbc"

• Kducx ymbveadjeúb fm ad vmod u mb ad aczd kmocxdbfc adz jcbfejecbmz

negxcvåxkejdz .zm myevd ad jcbfmbzdjeúb%"

• Kmbcx vemkpc fm jcacjdjeúb! fdfc t}m zm vxdhdod jcb kdvmxedamz zmjcz"

• Kducx ekpmxkmdheaedjeúb u hdxxmxd fm ydpcx jcb ad ymbvdod t}m ma

kdvmxeda bc dhzcxhm dg}d be n}kmfdf! zeb pczeheaefdf fm fmgxdfd+

jeúb c påxfefd fm jdpdjefdf dezadbvm"

• Vxdhdoc käz zmg}xc! bc zm bmjmzevd fma zcpamvm u gdz zchxm ma vmjnc

u kmbcx jdbvefdf fm z}hefdz"

• Acz aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd djckpdôdb adz feadvdjecbmz pcx vmkpmxd+

v}xd myevdbfc t}m adz vmodz p}mfdb z}ixex iez}xdz c xcv}xdz"

• Kducx idjeaefdf fm xmpdxdx }bd vmod xcvd fdfc t}m xmvexdbfc ma jadyc

zm aehmxd ad vmod"

Jckpdxdjeúb mbvxm j}hemxvd dfnmxefd jcb kmjad u jcbvxdpezc fm pmxaevdzyz" j}hemxvd ieodfd d aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd m EZCADBV VHD =

Aczd jcb aezvcbmz fm kdfmxdjcb kmkhxdbd EZCADBV VHD =

BCVD? acz jczvcz mb & pcx k8 fm acz kdvmxedamz jcxxmzpcbfmb da kmz fm o}aec fm 800> zmgÿb ad xmyezvd Yeyembfd"Bc jcbvembmb ekp}mzvcz u mzväb vckdfcz mb H}mbcz Dexmz"

KDVMXEDAMZPMZClg#k8

Xk8 °J#W

JCZVC& k8

4 + Vmod jmxäkejd 6= 0"70 60

8 + Kcxvmxc fm dzembvc fm jda.4#6?4?:% mzpmzcx 8= kk"

8"=

0"=9

4"66

: + Kmkhxdbd dziäavejd fm : kk"jcb da}kebec fm 60 Lg .~ 40 k8%

6 >"6=

6 + Jcbvxdpezc jcb Pmxaevd fmbzefdf600 Lg#k: mzpmzcx fm =0 kk"

80 48"5=

VCVDA ZCHXM ACZD 74"= 4"89 98">6

KDVMXEDAMZPMZClg#k8

Xk8 °J#W

JCZVC& k8

4 + Vmod jmxäkejd 6= 0"70 60

8 + Aezvúb jadydfcx fm pebc fm 4‛ ~ 8‛fm kdfmxd kdjed

8"=Jäkdxdfm dexm

icxkdfdpcx

aezvcbmz0"44

4"54

: + Aezvcbmz mzj}xxefcxmz u ieodjeúb

umzmxc fm m}jdaepvc fm 4#8‛ ~ 4‛4"= 4"90

6 + EZCADBV VHD = kk" fm mzp}kd fmpcaemveambc jcb icea da}kebedfc

0"8 0"59 5"==

VCVDA ZCHXM ACZD 65"8 4"77 =:"09

4 48

8:

:6

6

4=!9-FM DNCXXC



I C X K D Z

F M J C A C J D J E Ú B Aëbmd ebf}zvxed

Mb jdzc fm vmbmx t}m dezadx }b gdapúb c mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd! EZCADBV j}mbvd jcb z} AËBMD EBF]ZVXED jcbicxkdfd pcx acz pxcf}jvcz

fmbckebdfcz FCHAM DA]¢! kmkhxdbdz fm mzp}kd fm pcaemveambc jcb icea fm da}kebec p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz" Mzvdz zm jckpcxvdb jckc

dezadbvm våxkejc! nefxúi}gc u hdxxmxd fm ydpcx" Adz kmkhxdbdz Fcham Da}¢ dëzadb våxkejdkmvm z} mzvx}jv}xd pcx kdzd u xmiam~eúb" Mzvdzkmkhxdbdz pczmmb }b mzpmzcx fm =! 40 ú 4= kk" fm mzp}kd dezadbvm j}ud mzvx}jv}xd fm hdod jcbf}jveyefdf djvÿd jckc mimjveyc dezadbvm

pcx kdzd" Ma da}kebec fm ad jdxd z}pmxecx xmiamod ma jdacx xdfedbvm mkevefc pcx ad jndpd u ma fm ad jdxd ebimxecx xmf}jm ad mkezeyefdf fm jdacx

ndjed ma ebvmxecx" Mb ebyemxbc ma ia}oc fm jdacx zm ebyemxvm u mb jcbzmj}mbjed vdkheåb ma xca fma da}kebec" Adz kmkhxdbdz FCHAM DA]¢ mzväb

jdaeiejdfdz pcx ma EBVE jckc ‑Kdvmxeda fm K}u Hdod Pxcpdgdjeúb fm Aadkd‛ .XM8%"

:>

Ebzvx}jveyc pdxd ad jcacjdjeúb fm kmkhxdbdz FCHAM DA]m~ja}zeyc jcb zezvmkd fm zcadpm pdxd vmxkczcafdfc pdvmbvdfc

J}dbfc zm vxdhdom jcb kmkhxdbd FCHAM DA] jcb da}kebec hadbjc zm fmhmxä j}efdx mzpmjedakmbvm fm bc xcdx ma kdvmxeda jcb

cvxd jdxd fm da}kebec c jcb ad kezkd mzvx}jv}xd ud t}m mzvm jcbvdjvc gmbmxdxä kdbjndz gxezmz mb ad jdxd hadbjd"Mb vcfdz adz ebzvdbjedz fm ad jcacjdjeúb j}efdx mzpmjedakmbvm fm bc fdôdx ad jdxd hadbjd"

Mb ma jdzc fm adz kmkhxdbdz Fcham Da}! ma kdvmxeda zm pxcymm jcb }b zcadpm advmxda! mzpmjeda pdxd vmxkczcafdx"

Pdxd ma pmgdfc! zm z}pmxpcbm fejnc zcadpm u jcb ad pezvcad fm jdacx mb ad pczejeúb dfmj}dfd! zm am fd }bd pdzdfd fm }bcz zmg}bfcz! fm kdbmxd

vda t}m ma jdacx aamg}m d adz fcz z}pmxiejemz mb icxkd zek}aväbmd" A}mgc zm pxmzecbdb mbvxm zë pdxd acgxdx ad }beúb fm adz pdxvmz"

Da xmjehex acz xcaacz jcbvxcadx t}m ad hcazd fma mkhdadom mzvå nmxkåvejdkmbvm jmxxdfd" ]bd ym fmzjdxgdfcz acz xcaacz zm fmhmb mzvehdx mb a}gd+

xmz vmjndfcz u zmjcz! fcbfm ma kdvmxeda bc zm kcom c n}kmfmjd"

Da dhxex ma xcaac jcbvxcadx mb ma júfegc fm hdxxdz t}m ma kdvmxeda zmd ma jcxxmjvc! t}m vmbgd ma zcadpm xmhdodfc u t}m ma adxgc zmd ma mzpmjeiejdfc

mb ma pmfefc" Fmzpmgdx jcb j}efdfc u g}dxfdx acz júfegcz fm hdxxdz t}m zmxäb ÿveamz mb jdzc

fm }b mymbv}da xmjadkc"

Ma a}gdx mb fcbfm zm pmg}mb acz xcaacz fmhm pxmzmbvdx }bd z}pmxiejem aekped u ac käz aezd pcze+

ham" Mb ad z}pmxiejem fcbfm zm mimjvÿm ma pmgdfc fm acz xcaacz vmbmx }bd aëbmd xmjvd fm xmimxmb+

jed t}m zexyd jckc g}ëd ud t}m ma xcaac p}mfm vmbfmx d jckhdxzm c ®dhdbdbdxzm® feiej}avdbfc

]bd ym pxmzmbvdfcz acz xcaacz pdxd zmx pmgd+

fcz jcb ad pezvcad fm jdacx vckdx ad pxmjd}jeúb

fm jcacjdx }b kdvmxeda fm dpcuc pdxd adz xcfe+

aadz! zmd }b pmfdc fm ad kezkd kmkhxdbd c

}b kdvmxeda dkcxveg}dbvm" Dzë zm myevdxä t}m

zm kdxt}m ma da}kebec jcb xcfeaadz c pezdfdz!

t}m a}mgc zm ymxäb kdxjdfdz mb ma da}kebec"



I C X K D Z


:5

Xmjckmbfdjecbmz fm ebzvdadjeúb fm acz xcaacz zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd]bc fm acz pxebjepdamz idjvcxmz d fckebdx zmxä ma yembvc" Pdxd ad z}omjeúb fma kdvmxeda }bd ym fmzmbxcaadfc zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd u dbvmz fm pcbmx

ad jndpd kczvxdxmkcz fezvebvdz davmxbdveydz"

Ebzvx}jveyc fm pmgdfc jcb pezvcad fm dexm jdaembvm

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV zcb vmxkczcafdhamz jcb }bd pezvcad fm jdacx" Ad mzp}kd

fm pcaemveambc! da zmx zckmvefd d vmkpmxdv}xd! zm dhadbfd u zm i}zecbd pcx zekpam

jcbvdjvc" Mzvm kåvcfc mz k}jnc käz mimjveyc t}m j}dat}emx dfnmzeyc u#c jebvd" Ad

vmkpmxdv}xd dpxc~ekdfd fm jdambvdkembvc mz 460¿J! }zäbfczm }bd pezvcad fm jdacx

fm }bd pcvmbjed bc kmbcx d >00 Wdvvz" Mz ekpcxvdbvm }veaedx ad pezvcad fm jdacxdpaejdbfc ma dexm d 6=¿ .b}bjd ymxvejda%! u bc }zdx ad kät}ebd mb icxkd jcbveb}d pcx

kdz fm 40 keb}vcz"

Zm fd jdacx d dkhdz jdxdz fm ad mzp}kd .8 ú : zmg"%! ndzvd t}m vckd hxeaac z}pmxiejeda? åzvm mz ma p}bvc efmda pdxd xmdaedx ma pmgdfc" A}mgc zm

}bmb adz fcz z}pmxiejemz! t}m t}mfdxäb zcafdfdz fmiebeveydkmbvm" Ze nejemxd idavd kdz jdacx pdxd zcafdx ad }beúb! xmpmvex ad cpmxdjeúb"

Z}omvdx ma kdvmxeda jcb zcgdz"

Z}omvdx ma m~vxmkc fma xcaac d ad

pxekmx jcxxmd jcb }b iamom kmvä+

aejc u vcxbeaac d}vc pmxicxdbvm c

jebvdz fm h}mbd dfnmxmbjed"

Mb mzvm jdzc! j}efdx fm dp}b+

vdadx ad ÿavekd jcxxmd pdxd

t}m bc pdbfmm c }zdx xmgad

t}m kdbvmbgd daebmdfdz vcfdz

adz jcxxmdz"

Pxmjd}jeúb? ]bd jdbvefdf fm jdacx m~jmzeyd p}mfm fmxxmvex ma pxcf}jvc u fezkeb}ex

z} mzpmzcx mb fmvxekmbvc fm ad mzvåvejd u ad xmzezvmbjed kmjäbejd" Mzvm kåvcfc

mz ÿvea ÿbejdkmbvm pdxd }bex fcz z}pmxiejemz fm mzp}kd fm pcaemveambc"

Mz jcbymbembvm jdambvdx fm d vxdkcz fm :0 d =0 jk" pcx ym u pxcjmfmx d }bex acz xcaacz" Mbvmjncz ud jcbzvx}efcz! ndu t}m pxmymx t}m ma kdvmxeda mzvå ac z}iejembvmkmbvm vmbzc c vmbgd

}b dpcuc fmvxäz"

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60

Ieodjeúb fma kdvmxeda d ad mzvx}jv}xd

Pxcj}xdx t}m ad z}pmxiejem d }bex mzvm jckpamvdkmbvm zcadpdfd! mz fmjex t}m bc dpdxmjdb aëbmdz bmgxdz fm mzp}kd t}m zm ymdb fmzfm ad jdxd

ebvmxbd fma dezadbvm" Ma vmxkczcafdfc zm mimjv}dxä zchxm }bd z}pmxiejem iexkm" Mzvd z}pmxiejem zm p}mfm acgxdx fm fezvebvdz icxkdz?

Jcxxembfc }bd vdhad c vmxjedfc fm kdfmxd

pcx zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd u fmhdoc fma kdvmxeda"

Ndu t}m j}efdx fm bc fdôdx ad vmxkebdjeúb fm

da}kebec jcb adz p}bvdz j}dbfc zm jcxxm ad

vdhad" Zmxä jcbymbembvm xmfcbfmdxam c p}aexam

adz p}bvdz"

Pcx kmfec fm }bd vdhad c vmxjedfc dp}bvdadfc pcx }bd pmxzcbd fmzfm ma ebvmxecx fma gdapúb"

Ad vdhad vmbfxä ma adxgc fm ad fezvdbjed mbvxm jcxxmdz" Mzvm kåvcfc bc fdôd ad z}pmxiejem fm ad

kmkhxdbd" Ma xcaac zm fmhm kdbvmbmx mzj}dfxdfc jcb xmzpmjvc d ad mzvx}jv}xd d ieb fm t}m ad

z}pmxiejem d }bex t}mfm jckpamvdkmbvm zcadpdfd" Mz fmjex t}m jcebjefdb pmximjvdkmbvm adz

fcz ixdbodz d }bex" Mzvc gdxdbvedxä t}m bc zm pxcf}jdb cbf}adjecbmz pcx kdad z}pmxpczejeúb"

Pdxd kdbvmbmx acz xcaacz mzj}dfxdfcz jcb xmzpmjvc d ad mzvx}jv}xd ac efmda mz aúgejdkmbvm }bd

mzj}dfxd! t}m mb ad chxd zm p}mfm kdvmxedaedx jcb pmxieamz kmväaejcz c aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd

jcb zcpcxvmz t}m ad zczvmbgdb mbvxm adz jcxxmdz"

Cvxd davmxbdveyd mb jdzc fm bc jcbvdx jcb mzj}dfxd mz kmfex ad fezvdbjed mb fezvebvcz

p}bvcz fma hcxfm fm acz xcaacz d ad jdhxedfd pxú~ekd"

Mb jdzc fm m~ezvex feimxmbjedz fmvmxkebdx }bd aëbmd zchxm ad kmkhxdbd u zm jcxvdxä mzvd

mb icxkd xmjvd mt}efezvdbvm vcfc ma hcxfm d ad jdhxedfd" ]bd ym jcxvdfc ma hcxfm zm

pxcjmfmxä d xmieadxac fmoäbfcac aezvc pdxd ad pxú~ekd }beúb"



I C X K D Z


4" JCACJDJEÚB MB MZVX]JV]XD KMVÄAEJD B]MYD ¼ Cpjeúb? Jcacjdjeúb zchxm ad mzvx}jv}xd

Dxkdx zchxm adz jcxxmdz }b mbvxdkdfc fm dadkhxmz gdaydbedfcz! xckhcefda c j}dfxdfc fm 60 jk" fm adfc" Mzvm mbvxdkdfc hxebfd kducx jdae+

fdf fm vmxkebdjeúb ud t}m ekpmfexä t}m adz }becbmz zm jdegdb c dadhmmb" Mb jdzc fm gdbfmz a}jmz zm p}mfm xmf}jex ma mbvxdkdfc c dgxmgdx

vmbzcxmz mbvxm jcxxmdz"

• Pcx ad bdv}xdamd maäzvejd u adz jmafdz jmxxdfdz fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV! jdfd ym t}m pmxicxm }bd fm maadz! ad kezkd zm

jmxxdxä zchxm ad ieodjeúb ekpefembfc ma pdzc fm ad n}kmfdf u#c ydpcx fm dg}d"

• Ma }zc fm kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV! dzmg}xd ad jcbveb}efdf fma mzpmzcx fma dezadkembvc mb vcfc ma vmjnc! myevdbfc dpadzvdkembvcz u

kebekedbfc acz p}mbvmz våxkejcz"

• Ad z}pmxiejem ebvmxbd fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV pmxkevm nefxcadydfc u fmzebimjjeúb kdbvmbembfc zemkpxm }bd z}pmxiejem aezd

t}m bc fmzpxmbfm pdx vëj}adz! zembfc efmda pdxd bdymz fm pxcf}jjeúb fm daekmbvcz c dgxcebf}zvxedz"

• Vcfcz acz xcaacz fm kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV ebja}umb mb z} mkhdadom! ebzvx}jjecbmz fm jcacjdjeúb d zmg}ex"• Zemkpxm xmzpmvm adz bcxkdz fm zmg}xefdf dpaejdhamz da vxdhdodx mb dav}xd"

Zchxm ma mbvxdkdfc! zm m~vembfm ma pxekmx xcaac fm kmkhxdbd mb ma kezkc zmbvefc fm ad jdëfd fma vmjnc c fm ad pdxähcad t}m icxkd ad mzvx}j+

v}xd fma gdapúb" Pdxd mzvm pxekmx pdzc! EZCADBV idhxejd! mb acz kezkcz mzpmzcxmz! }b ‑kmfec xcaac‛ mz fmjex! ad kezkd kmkhxdbd pmxc jcb }b

dbjnc fm =0 jk" t}m }befc d }b xcaac mzväbfdx fm 4 k" bcz pmxkevm dxkdx }b xcaac fm 4!=0 k" fm dbjnc t}m xmjehexä ad pxekmx jndpd fmodbfc }b

zdaembvm fm =0 jk" pdxd }bexzm jcb ma zeg}embvm xcaac" Jcb mzvd pxekmx jndpd ma vmjnezvd ud vembm }b z}zvmbvc iexkm fcbfm pezdx"

A}mgc fm m~vmbfmx ma pxekmx xcaac zm pxcjmfm d ndjmx ac kezkc jcb ma zmg}bfc mb icxkd pdxdamad" Ndu t}m pxmymx fmodx acz zcadpmz fm kcfc

vda t}m zmd júkcfc xmdaedx ad }beúb! pcx ma kmfec t}m zm maeod ud zmd pmgdfc jcb dfnmzeyc! jcb jebvd d}vcdfnmzeyd c ac t}m xmjckmbfdkcz

mzpmjedakmbvm! xmdaedx ad }beúb pcx vmxkczcafdfc jcb pezvcad fm dexm jdaembvm"

Da kckmbvc fm vmxkczcafdx mb dav}xd! mz xmjckmbfdham du}fdxzm jcb ma }zc }bd kdfmxd vmxjedfd jckc hdzm fm dpcuc pdxd xmdaedx mzm vxdhdoc"

Zm jcbveb}d mzvm jejac ndzvd jckpamvdx ma vxdhdoc" Cvxd davmxbdveyd mz jcacjdx acz xcaacz zcadpdfcz u vmbzdfcz u xmdaedx ad }beúb fmzfm dhdoc }bd

ym ieodfd ad jndpd .ymx ieg}xd D pägebd :5%

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68

4" JCACJDJEÚB MB MZVX]JV]XD KMVÄAEJD B]MYD ¼ Cpjeúb? Jcacjdjeúb jcb zcafdfc pxmyec fm acz xcaacz

Ad pczeheaefdf fm }beúb pcx vmxkczcafdfc! z}kdfc da hdoc pmzc fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV pmxkevmb xmdaedx ad }beúb fm acz xcaacz mb z}mac

iexkm u a}mgc jcacjdxacz mb z} pczejeúb fmiebeveyd! myevdbfc gxdb pdxvm fma vxdhdoc mb dav}xd! jcb kducx zmg}xefdf u kmbcx kdxgmb fm mxxcx"

Pdxd maac zm zeg}mb acz zeg}embvmz pdzcz?Fmzpamgdx zchxm }bd z}pmxiejem iexkm u aekped ma pxekmx xcaac fm kmkhxdbd" Mb mzvm p}bvc mz i}bfdkmbvda acgxdx t}m ma xcaac mzvå ac kdz xmjvc pcze+

ham! ze mz pxmjezc duÿfmzm jcb }bd aëbmd mb ma pezc kdxjdfd jcb }bd ‑jndal+aebm‛ c zekeadx" Ze bc n}hemxd }b pezc iexkm! p}mfm ekpxcyezdxac jcb adz

jndpdz fm ad j}hemxvd d ebzvdadx" M~vembfd mb icxkd pdxdamad ma zmg}bfc xcaac fm kmkhxdbd u pxcjmfd d ad }beúb mbvxm dkhcz pcx ma kåvcfc mamgefc"

P}mfm xmpmvex mzvd cpmxdjeúb fcz c vxmz ymjmz! mz fmjex ndzvd = xcaacz"

Mbxcaam adz kmkhxdbdz ud }befdz u pdzm }bd j}mxfd pcx ma jmbvxc fm adz kezkdz" Ze mz pxmjezc }zm cvxdz j}mxfdz pdxd z}hex mzvcz xcaacz }befcz

ndzvd ad pdxvm z}pmxecx fm ad mzvx}jv}xd u bc vmbmx pxchamkdz jcb ma yembvc"

Fmzmbxcaam jcb pxmjd}jeúb! j}hxembfc ad mzvx}jv}xd d dezadx" Ieom dag}bcz p}bvcz u jckembjm d jcacjdx adz jndpdz fm j}hemxvd"

Fm mzvm kcfc zm j}hxmb ydxecz kmvxcz j}dfxdfcz fm mzvx}jv}xd d ad ym! k}jnc käz xäpefdkmbvm u jcb kducx zmg}xefdf pdxd ma vmjnezvd" Mb

mzvcz jdzcz ad jäkdxd fm dexm xmt}mxefd mz icxkdfd pcx ma djdbdadfc fm ad jndpd fm j}hemxvd u mb acz a}gdxmz mb fcbfm zm dpcum ad jndpd! addezadjeúb zm pxcf}jexä pcx kmfec fma mzpmzcx fm ad mzp}kd .mb mzvm p}bvc ma jdacx zm vxdbzkevexëd pcx jcbf}jjeúb! mz fmjex dezadjeúb pcx kdzd%"



I C X K D Z


6:

8" JCACJDJEÚB MB MZVX]JV]XD KMVÄAEJD MÊZVMBVM¼ Cpjeúb? Mb icxkd xmjvd

Mb cjdzecbmz u fmhefc da pdzc fma vemkpc! ndu t}m xmndjmx ma dezadkembvc mb gdapcbmz c vdkheåb ndu t}m pxcymmxac mb dt}maacz jdzcz mb t}m

b}bjd i}m jcbzefmxdfc ma }zc fm acz kezkcz" Pdxd maac mz pczeham }veaedx Fcham Da} fm EZCADBV u jcacjdxac fmzfm dhdoc"

Pdxd jcacjdx mb mzvx}jv}xd ud jcbzvx}efdz! z}gmxekcz ac zeg}embvm?

¼ Cpjeúb? Jcb FCHAM DA] HADBJCJ}dbfc zm vxdhdom jcb kmkhxdbd Fcham Da} jcb da}kebec hadbjc zm

fmhmxä j}efdx mzpmjedakmbvm fm bc xcdx ma kdvmxeda jcb cvxd jdxd fm

da}kebec c jcb ad kezkd mzvx}jv}xd ud t}m mzvm jcbvdjvc gmbmxdxä

kdbjndz gxezmz mb ad jdxd hadbjd" Mb vcfdz adz ebzvdbjedz fm ad jcac+

jdjeúb j}efdx mzpmjedakmbvm fm bc fdôdx ad jdxd hadbjd"

M~vmbfmx mb icxkd pdxdamad da adxgc fma gdapúb! dadkhxmz gdaydbedfcz c jcxfcbmz fm djmxc u vmbzdfcz fm m~vxmkc d m~vxmkc! jcb }bd zmpdxd+

jeúb mbvxm dadkhxmz fm 60 d 90 jk" Mz jcbymbembvm jcacjdxacz ac kdz pxú~ekc pczeham d adz jcxxmdz"Ieodx ma pxekmx xcaac fm kmkhxdbd d ad pdxmf advmxda fma gdapúb u m~vmbfmxad zeg}embfc ad icxkd fma vmjnc! pdzdbfc pcx mbjekd u pcx fmhdoc fm acz

dadkhxmz davmxbdveydkmbvm" M~vembfd ma pxekmx xcaac vmbembfc mb j}mbvd t}m mb ma ÿavekc dadkhxm! ad kmkhxdbd fmhm pdzdx pcx dxxehd fma kezkc"

Vmbzm ad kmkhxdbd u iëomad d ad pdxmf cp}mzvd"

]bd ym jcacjdfc ma dezadbvm! ieodxac mb acz advmxdamz! jcb }b aezvúb fm kdfmxd c pmxiea d kcfc fm hdzvefcx" Z}omvdbfc }bc fm acz advmxdamz! vmbzdx

acz xcaacz u ieodx ma cvxc adfc" ]bex pcx vmxkczcafdfc vcfcz acz xcaacz jcb pezvcad fm dexm jdaembvm"



I C X K D Z


8" JCACJDJEÚB MB MZVX]JV]XD KMVÄAEJD MÊZVMBVM¼ Cpjeúb? Djckpdôdbfc ad icxkd fma vmjnc pdxdhúaejd c d fcz dg}dz

Mb vmjncz pdxdhúaejcz ma pxcjmfekembvc mz zekeadx! zúac t}m p}mfm cpvdxzm pcx pcbmx acz dadkhxmz fm kcfc vda t}m djckpdômb ad j}xydv}xd fma vmjnc"

Zm zcadpdb vcfcz acz xcaacz fm kmkhxdbd"

Zm vmxkcz}mafdb vcfdz adz }becbmz fm ad kmk+

hxdbd pdxd dzmg}xdx }bd dezadjeúb jcbveb}d u

myevdx jcbfmbzdjeúb"

Zm fmzmbxcaad ad kmkhxdbd z}zpmbfefd zchxm

dadkhxmz gdaydbedfcz c jdhamz fm djmxc"

Zm j}hxm ad vcvdaefdf fm ad z}pmxiejem" Zm ieod ad kmkhxdbd mb acz advmxdamz u a}mgc

zm xmjcxvd ma zchxdbvm"

Zm vmbzd ad kmkhxdbd d ac adxgc fm ad pdxähcad"

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I C X K D Z

F M J C A C J D J E Ú BMb ad ekägmbmz zeg}embvmz pcfmkcz chzmx+

ydx cvxc kcfc fm jcacjdjeúb" Mb mzvm

jdzc ad dezadjeúb zm jcacjd fmzfm dhdoc!

}veaedbfc iamomz kmväaejcz t}m zcb ieodfcz

d ac adxgc fm adz jcxxmdz zczvmbembfc ad

kmkhxdbd dezadbvm" Dzë! zm myevd ma }zc fm

dadkhxmz vmbzdfcz"

BCVD?

•Ad ieodjeúb d acz k}xcz advmxdamz

fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV p}mfm

ndjmxzm jcb aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd

c iamomz kmväaejcz u vcxbeaacz jcbvdx}gcz"

6=

BCVDZ?

• Acz xmhdomz pdxd vmxkczcafdx mb ad kmkhxdbd Fcham Da} 40 u 4= zcb fm = jk" fm dbjnc d ad kevdf fma mzpmzcx" Mb ad kmk+

hxdbd Fcham Da} =! bc ndu xmhdom fm mzpmzcx pmxc zm maekebd ma da}kebec mb acz hcxfmz cp}mzvcz mb }bd ixdbod fm = jk"

• Ma dbjnc xmda fm ad kmkhxdbd mz fm 4!0= k! ac t}m pmxkevm chvmbmx }b dbjnc ÿvea xmda fm 4 k a}mgc fm vmxkczcafdx acz fezveb+

vcz xcaacz< zekeadx da dbjnc fm ad kducxëd fm adz jndpdz fezpcbehamz mb kmxjdfc"

• ]bd ym pxmzmbvdfcz acz xcaacz pdxd zmx pmgdfcz jcb ad pezvcad fm jdacx vckdx ad pxmjd}jeúb fm jcacjdx }b kdvmxeda fm dpcucpdxd adz xcfeaadz! zmd }b pmfdc fm ad kezkd kmkhxdbd c }b kdvmxeda dkcxveg}dbvm" Dzë zm myevdxä t}m zm kdxt}m ma da}kebec jcb

xcfeaadz c pezdfdz! t}m a}mgc zm ymxäb kdxjdfdz mb ma da}kebec"

]bd ym xmieadfc zmg}ex ma zezvmkd fm pmgdfc jckc ebfejdkcz dbvmxecxkmbvm" Fm mzvd icxkd bc zm ydb dj}k}adbfc fmzpmximjvcz u zm dydbd

jcxxmjvdkmbvm mb ad jcacjdjeúb"

Xmieadfcx EZCADBVEZCADBV Z"D" pxcymm }bd nmxxdkembvd fm jcxvm dfmj}dfd da mzpmzcx fm ad kmkhxdbd Fcham Da} t}m zm mzvå vxdhdodbfc" Mzvd nmxxdkembvd zm

}veaed mb acz jdzcz mb t}m ma pxcf}jvc mzvd pxcyezvc zeb ma zcadpm! c pcx momkpac ze zm bmjmzevdb mimjv}dx pdxjnmz c mkpdakmz"



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C B Z V X ] J V E Y C Z

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Fmvdaamz jcbzvx}jveycz

Mb mzvm jdpëv}ac pxmzmbvdkcz ad xmzca}jeúb fm }bd zmxem fm fmvdaamz jcbzvx}jveycz! zchxm acz t}m gmbmxdakmbvm zm pxmzmbvdb

dag}bdz f}fdz" Zm p}mfmb xmzcaymx mzvcz fmvdaamz fm kcfcz feimxmbvmz< ymdkcz mbvcbjmz dag}bdz zca}jecbmz }veaedbfc acz pxc+

f}jvcz fm EZCADBV Z"D"

Ma hmbmiejec dfejecbda t}m cvcxgd ma }zc fm kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV! ixmbvm da xmzvc fm acz pxcf}jvcz fma kmxjdfc! mz t}m jcbicxkdb

zemkpxm }bd dezadjeúb jcbveb}d! ac t}m dzmg}xd ad d}zmbjed fm p}mbvmz våxkejcz u#c pczehamz ieavxdjecbmz"

Z}gmxekcz t}m dbvmz fm xmdaedx j}dat}emx vxdhdoc! jcbz}avm ma Júfegc fm Mfeiejdjeúb! fm Jcbzvx}jjeúb u Bcxkdz! dpaejdhamz mb ma

äxmd mb t}m zm mbj}mbvxm zev}dfd z} chxd"

Mbj}mbvxc mbvxm idafúb u k}xc fm jdxgd advmxdaMzvm mz ma fmvdaam kdz }z}da fmbvxc fm yeyembfdz ebfeyef}damz u }bc fm acz kdz ekpcxvdbvmz d xmzcaymx jcxxmjvdkmbvm" Ad zca}jeúb efmda ebja}um

ma }zc fm ebg}mxëd! ud t}m ad kezkd pmxkevexä ad aehxm feadvdjeúb u#c kcyekembvcz fma vmjnc zeb gmbmxdx iez}xdz" Vdkheåb pmxkevm t}m mb }b

vmjnc fm vmodz! acz mamkmbvcz zmdb iäjeakmbvm z}zvev}ehamz mb jdzc fm xcv}xdz" Z} i}bjeúb mz mzj}xxex xäpefdkmbvm ma dg}d fm aa}yed pxcymbembvm

fma k}xc fm jdxgd u fm adz vmodz"

CPJEÚB + 4

_EBG]MXËD

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

JADYDFMXD



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67

CPJEÚB + 8Ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV zm jcacjd pcx fmhdoc

fm ad ebg}mxëd! pdxvm fma k}xc fm jdxgd u zm

dpcud mb ma idafúb j}hxembfc ma kdjnekhxm"

Mb ma k}xc fm jdxgd p}mfm mzvdx mkh}vefd

c zekpamkmbvm dpcudfd u j}hemxvd jcb ad

ebg}mxëd" Mb jdzc fm mkh}vex! pebvdx ad jdxd

z}pmxecx jcb mk}azeúb dziäavejd mb ixëc udxmbd! gmbmxdbfc }bd z}pmxiejem kcxfembvm u

zchxm mzvd xmycjdx"

Ad ebg}mxëd p}mfm zmx mb icxkd fm jdbdamvd

ymxvejda c hemb }bd zekpam hdhmvd t}m mzj}xxd

zchxm adz vmodz"

MB MZVM P]BVC BC VMBMKCZ JDHEC FMHDOC FMA FCHAM AEZVÚB! PCX AC T]M DA JADYDX ZM FMHM JCACJDX ]B VCPM KMVÄAEJC PDXD T]M MA JADYC BC DVXDYEMZM MA KDJNEKHXM .MB AD PXÄJVEJD ZM ]VEAE_D AD J]JNDXD FM DAHDÔEAMXËD%"



F M V D A A M Z J


6>

Mbj}mbvxc mbvxm idafúb u k}xc fm jdxgd z}pmxecx

Mzvd zca}jeúb mz zekeadx d ad dbvmxecx! zúac t}m mb mzvm jdzc ad ebg}mxëd mzj}xxm ma dg}d t}m xmjehm fmzfm }bd jdxgd z}pmxecx! zchxm adz vmodz c

jndpdz fm ad j}hemxvd" Mzvm mbj}mbvxc p}mfm xmdaedxzm jcb ebg}mxëd mb }bd c fcz pemdz" Zm jcacjd ad kmkhxdbd fmbvxc fma k}xc .hdhmvd%!

dpaejdbfc a}mgc mb ad jdxd z}pmxecx }bd mk}azeúb dziäavejd mb ixëc jcb dxmbd mzpcaycxmdfd pdxd t}m i}bjecbm jckc kcxfembvm" Mzvc zmxyexä pdxd

t}m a}mgc zm dfnemxd ad kmjad nefxúi}gd fm xmaambc" Iebdaedfc mzvc zm mbjdzvxd ad ebg}mxëd"Jcb mzvd xmzca}jeúb zm acgxd }b h}mb fmzdgcvm fma k}xc fm jdxgd ndjed ad j}hemxvd u myevd vdkheåb! t}m fmzjembfd n}kmfdf pcx mzm k}xc"

MBJ]MBVXC MBVXM KDJNEKHXM U K]XC FM JDXGD Z]PMXECX

MB MZVM MBJ]MBVXC ZM P]MFM ]VEAE_DX ]BD IDOD FM PCAEMZVMX JCB EKPXEKDJEÚB DZIÄAVEJD VEPC ‑JCKPXEHDBF‛"

_EBG]MXËD MB ]BDC FCZ PEM_DZ

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV PEBVDFDJCB MK]AZEÚB DZIÄAVEJD U DXMBDJCKC KCXFEMBVM

JNDPD D VCPM JCB MA K]XC

.BC MKH]VEFD%

MZVX]JV]XDFM KDFMXD

XMAAMBC JCB KCXVMXC NEFXÚI]GC



F M V D A A M Z J


65

Aekdvmzdz u j}khxmxdz

Mb mzvcz zmjvcxmz! ac ekpcxvdbvm zmxä dzmg}xdx ma mzj}xxekembvc fm adz dg}dz fm aa}yedz ndjed dkhcz adfcz fma mbj}mbvxc dbvm ad pczeheaefdf fm

t}m idaam ad ebg}mxëd c j}dat}emx mamkmbvc fm ad j}hemxvd .}bd vmod c j}khxmxd xcvd! pcx momkpac%"

Pdxd xmzcaymx mimjveydkmbvm mzvcz p}bvcz! pxekmxc ndu t}m jcacjdx acz xcaacz t}m j}hxdb acz idafcbmz c jdëfdz fma vmjnc" ]bd ym j}hemxvcz!

zm fmhm jcacjdx }b xcaac zchxm acz dbvmxecxmz! vckdbfc jckc jmbvxc ad dxezvd fma mbj}mbvxc mbvxm dkhcz idafcbmz u dpcudbfc kmfec xcaac .d acadxgc% mb jdfd idafúb"

Dzë ma dg}d pcfxä fmzdgcvdx zchxm acz idafcbmz advmxdamz" Mzvm mbj}mbvxc p}mfm xmzcaymxzm jcb }bd kmkhxdbd fm kmbcx mzpmzcx t}m ad t}m zm

}veaed pdxd dezadx våxkejdkmbvm ma vmjnc" Momkpac? ze }zd VHD40 c VHD K}avejdpd p}mfm }zdx pdxd mzvm mbj}mbvxc VHD="

AEKDVMZDZ U J]KHXMXDZ

4! 8 U : + XCAACZ FMA IDAFÚB 6 + XCAAC MB DXEZVD # AEKDVMZD

XCAAC JCACJDFC JCKC JDHDAAMVM



F M V D A A M Z J


=0

AEKDNCUD C JCBYMXZD

Aekdncudz c jcbymxzdz

Mb mzvcz jdzcz t}mxmkcz acgxdx ad kezkd ekpmxkmdheaefdf fma mbj}mbvxc dbvmxecx pmxc pcx z} icxkd ebymxzd d ad aekdvmzd! fmhmkcz jcacjdx ma

xcaac t}m zeg}m ad dxezvd fma mbj}mbvxc dbvmz t}m acz xcaacz fm acz idafcbmz" Mz fmjex pxekmxc jcacjdx }b xcaac t}m zexyd jckc jcamjvcx u d pdxvex fm

dnë jckmbdx fm dhdoc ndjed dxxehd d jcacjdx ma dezadbvm fm dkhcz idafcbmz" ]bd ym j}hemxvc! dpaejdx ad ebg}mxëd"

4 + XCAAC JCAMJVCX 8 U : + XCAACZ FMA IDAFÚB



F M V D A A M Z J


=4

Jdbdamvdz u jmbmidz mb vmjncz fm vmodz

Zcb acz mamkmbvcz t}m j}kpamb ad i}bjeúb fm vmxkebdjeúb u jemxxm mb ma hcxfm fm acz idafcbmz" Gmbmxdakmbvm zm xmdaedb jcb kdfmxdz f}xdz"

Mb mzvcz p}bvcz ndu t}m j}efdx t}m ma mzj}xxekembvc fma dg}d fm aa}yed u fm pczehamz ieavxdjecbmz zm xmdaejm pcx a}gdxmz dfmj}dfcz pdxd bc pmx+

o}fejdx ad kdfmxd fm ad mzvx}jv}xd u myevdx z} pdzc da ebvmxecx fm ad jcbzvx}jjeúb" Ad jmbmid p}mfm zmx ixcbvda .vdkheåb zm fmbckebd ‑ixmbvëb‛% c

advmxda! zembfc mzvd ad t}m jcped ad icxkd fm ad vmod"

JMBMID D MZJ]DFXD

Ad j}hemxvd fmzdgcvd aehxmkmbvm da m~vm+

xecx" Ad vdhad fm ixmbvm zm jadyd pmxpmb+

fej}adx d ad pmbfembvm fma jdhec" Mb mzvcz

jdzcz mz jcbymbembvm t}m da jckembc fm

ad jcacjdjeúb fma kdjnekhxm zm fmom }b

mzpdjec aehxm fm 4 jk" dpxc~ekdfdkmbvm

mbvxm åzvm u ad jmbmid" Mzvc mz pdxd ma

jdzc mb t}m cj}xxd }bd ieavxdjeúb pcx

fmhdoc fm adz vmodz u ma dg}d t}m mzj}xxmzchxm ad dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd bc zm dj}+

k}am fmvxäz fm ad jmbmid ixcbvda u iebda+

kmbvm mzvd zm p}fxd"

VMODJADYDFMXD

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

AEZVÚB UMZMXC

AEZVÚB 8‛ ^ 4‛

KDJNEKHXM

JDHEC

JMBMID DMZJ]DFXD

JMBMID D PACKC! JDBDAMVD MB DAMXC

Mb mzvm jdzc ad j}hemxvd fmzdgcvd mb

}bd jdbdamvd fm ebg}mxëd c paäzvejc"

Vdbvc ma fmzdgcvm fm ad j}hemxvd jckc

fm ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV jdmb fmbvxc

fm ad jdbdamvd"

Mzvd zm zczvembm ieod d ad mzvx}jv}xd fm

kdfmxd u ma pxekmx xcaac fm kmkhxdbd

dpcud zchxm ma hcxfm z}pmxecx fm ad kezkd"

VMODJADYDFMXD

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

AEZVÚB UMZMXC

AEZVÚB 8‛ ^ 4‛

KDJNEKHXM

JDHEC

JMBMID DMZJ]DFXD

JMBMID D PACKC

Eg}da t}m mb ma jdzc dbvmxecx! ad j}hemxvd

fmzdgcvd aehxmkmbvm da m~vmxecx" Ad vdhad

fm jemxxm zm ieod d packc jcb ma vexdbvm"

Dt}ë p}mfm ebjcxpcxdxzm }bd pemd fm

ebg}mxëd c }bd pemd fm kdfmxd pdxd

t}m ad kmkhxdbd t}m pdzd zchxm mzvd!

pmxkevd ma aehxm mzj}xxekembvc da m~vmxecx

pcx fmhdoc fm ad j}hemxvd"

Mzvd pemd jdbdaed ma dg}d fm }bd pcze+

ham ieavxdjeúb ndjed i}mxd pxcvmgembfc ad

jmbmid fm jemxxm"

VMOD JADYDFMXD

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

AEZVÚB UMZMXC

AEZVÚB 8‛ ^ 4‛

KDJNEKHXM

JDHEC

PEM_D FM _EBG]MXËD PDXDFMZDGCVM

JMBMID DPACKC C DMZJ]DFXD



F M V D A A M Z J


=8

Jdbdamvdz u jmbmidz mb vmjncz fm jndpd

Adz jdbdamvdz zcb jcbf}jvcz jcamjvcxmz t}m zexymb pdxd mydj}dx ma dg}d t}m mzj}xxm pcx ma idafúb u bc t}mxmkcz t}m jdegd aehxmkmbvm! pcx

momkpac mb damxcz fm yeyembfdz hdoc adz j}damz ndud jexj}adjeúb! idafcbmz t}m jdegdb ndjed adz kmfedbmxdz .mz chaegdvcxed ad jdbdamvd mb mzvm

jdzc%! mvj" Ndu jdbdamvdz fm PYJ pdxd jcacjdx d ad yezvd! fm zmjjecbmz jexj}adx c xmjvdbg}adx"

VMJNC U PDXDKMBVCZ FM JNDPD

JDBDAMVD MB K]XC KMFEDBMXC MB VMJNC JCB MZVX]JV]XD KMVÄAEJD"FMVDAAM _EBG]MXËD FM JDXGD U JDBDAMVD EBVMXBD"

JDBDAMVD MB VMJNC JCB VMXKEBDJEÚB DA XDZ FMA K]XC C M^MBVD"

Mb mbj}mbvxcz fm fcz jndpdz fm vepc vxdpmcefda zm }veaed

}bd jmbmid fm jemxxm mb äbg}ac" Jckc jckpamkmbvc mb ad

jndpd fm vmjnc zm jemxxd jcb }bd hdbfd jcbicxkdfd vepc

‑Jckpxehdbf‛"

Mb mzvx}jv}xdz kmväaejdz ad Kmkhxdbd EZCADBV yd ndzvd ma

hcxfm fm ad jmbmid"

Ad ebg}mxëd fm jdxgd zm ndjm mb fcz pdxvmz! }bd t}m j}hxm

ad jdxgd fma k}xc t}m fmzdgcvdxä zchxm }bd zmg}bfd t}m

j}hxm ad kmkhxdbd u mkpdakd jcb ad jndpd" Ma ixmbvm

fm mzvd zmg}bfd ebg}mxëd yembm jcbicxkdfc pdxd jndpd

cbf}adfd"

Ad kmkhxdbd t}m yd hdoc ad jndpd fmzdgcvdxä zchxm mzvm

u dfmkäz zm jcacjd cvxd kmkhxdbd pcx fmhdoc pdxd t}m bc

zm pxcf}jd jcbfmbzdjeúb u gcvmc mb ma ebvmxecx"

Ma dezadbvm nefxúi}gc .EZCADBV% zm jcacjdxä zchxm ad pdxvm

z}pmxecx fm ad jdbdamvd pmxkevembfc ma fmzdgcvm"

KCAF]XD FM

PCAEMZVMX JCB EKPXEKDJEÚB

DZIÄAVEJD

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

_EBG]MXËD

JDBDAMVD

JDBDAMVD

IEODJEÚB

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

PMXIEA

MZVX]JV]XD

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

JMBMIDFM JEMXXM



F M V D A A M Z J


=:

Jnekmbmdz c jcbf}jvcz

Mzvm mz }bc fm acz p}bvcz mb acz t}m zm fmhm vmbmx kducx j}efdfc! ud t}m mz fcbfm ixmj}mbvmkmbvm z}mam ieavxdxzm ma dg}d fmhefc d ad kdad

xmzca}jeúb fma mbj}mbvxc" Zemkpxm zm fmhm chzmxydx ad jcxxmjvd zcafdf}xd fm acz mamkmbvcz fm ad ebg}mxëd! dzë jckc mb adz jnekmbmdz fm

kdkpczvmxëd! ymxeiejdx ma dfmj}dfc dk}xdfc fm ad kmkhxdbd jcb kmjad nefxúi}gd" Pdxd ma jdzc fm vmbmx t}m dezadx }b idafúb mb ma t}m dpd+

xmjm }b jcbf}jvc fm jnekmbmd ndhxä t}m xmdaedx ma vxdhdoc jcxxmzpcbfembvm fm ebg}mxëd vda jckc zm ym mb ma mzt}mkd d jcbveb}djeúb"Acz advmxdamz fm ad jnekmbmd zm fmhmb xmdaedx fma kezkc kcfc t}m yekcz mb ‑Mbj}mbvxc mbvxm idafúb u k}xc fm jdxgd advmxda‛" J}dbfc ma jcb+

f}jvc t}m dvxdyemzd ma idafúb mz pmt}môc! pcfmkcz xmzcaymx mzvm chzväj}ac fma kcfc t}m zm ebfejd mb acz zeg}embvmz gxäiejcz"

JNEKMBMDZ C JCBF]JVCZ

4 8 :

=6 9

ADBD KEBMXDA

ADBD KEBMXDA

KMKHXDBDEZCADBV

DEZADX MA JCBF]JVC! JCB 80 kk FM ADBDKEBMXDA! FMA JCBVDJVC JCB AD KDFMXD"

PDZDX MA JCBF]JVC DVXDYÅZ FM AD KMKHXDBD

JCXVM J]DFXDFC FM KMKHXDBD

EZCADBV

JMXXDX ACZ HCXFMZ JCB JEBVDPMGDBFC JCB DEXM JDAEMBVM

]BD YM_ T]M MA J]DFXDFC FM KMKHXDBD DHXD_D MA JCBF]JVC!

ZMAADXAC J]HXEÅBFCAC JCB JEBVD JVHDZE MZ DA]KEBE_DFC" ZE MZ VH8 c VH= JCB IDODZ FM ADZ KEZKDZ JCB DFNMZEYC FM

JCBVDJVC C DEXM JDAEMBVM"

JCACJDX AD _EBG]MXËD PDXD MAFMZDGCVM FM AD J]HEMXVD

XMDAE_DX JCXVMZ ZMGßB MA MZT]MKD



F M V D A A M Z J


=6

Hcjdz fm a} zchxm ma vmjnc

J}dbfc mz bmjmzdxec jcacjdx ad ebzvdadjeúb maåjvxejd zchxm ad z}pmxie+jem fma kdjnekhxm! mz jcbymbembvm ndjmxac dbvmz fm ebzvdadx ad dezad+

jeúb ud t}m fm mzm kcfc zm pxcvmgm jcb ad kmkhxdbd adz hcjdz fm

a} u adz v}hmxëdz jcbvxd mymbv}damz ieavxdjecbmz"

D ymjmz xmz}avd bmjmzdxec jcxvdx acz aezvcbmz fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ pdxd pdzdx

acz jdôcz fm ad ebzvdadjeúb maåjvxejd" Jcbyembm fmodx dag}bd kdxjd c

zmôda! pdxd bc jadydx adz v}hmxëdz mb mzm p}bvc! }bd ym t}m zm j}hxeú

jcb ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm"

B}bjd xmdaejm ad ebzvdadjeúb maåjvxejd zchxm ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm ud

t}m fm mzvd icxkd zm m~pcbm ad ebzvdadjeúb maåjvxejd d pczehamz ieavxd+

jecbmz fm dg}d" Pcx cvxd pdxvm! da fmodx v}hmxëdz i}mxd fm ad dezadjeúb

.mzpmjedakmbvm adz v}hmxëdz kmväaejdz% zm jcxxm ma xemzgc t}m mb adz

kezkdz zm gmbmxm jcbfmbzdjeúb"

Pdxd kducxmz ebicxkmz c jcbz}avdz zchxm ad xmzca}jeúb fm mzvcz

u cvxcz fmvdaamz jck}bët}mzm jcb b}mzvxc Fmpdxvdkmbvc Våjbejcc jcbz}avm acz júfegcz fm jcbzvx}jjeúb acjdamz"



F M V D A A M Z J


==

Dpåbfejm

Mzvx}jv}xd padbd fm ncxkegúb u#c yeg}mvdzpxmvmbzdfdz u adfxeaacz

Mb }bd aczd padbd bcz mbjcbvxdkcz jcb ad

ekpczeheaefdf fm xmdaedx ad jäkdxd fm dexm

fmadbvm fm ad jdxd da}kebedfd fm ad kmk+

hxdbd EZCADBV" Mz pcx mzc t}m mb mzvm jdzc

zm }veaedb mzp}kdz zeb ieak da}kebedfc! u ad

dezadjeúb zm xmdaed zcadkmbvm pcx kdzd" Zm

jcacjdxä mbvcbjmz }b mzpmzcx fm mzp}kd

EZCADBV kducx da ndhev}da! fm 80 d :0 kk"!fm ad zeg}embvm icxkd? zchxm ad aczd mzvx}jv}+

xda! zm jcacjd }bd hdxmxd fm ydpcx! }b hacjl fm

mzp}kd fma mzpmzcx dbvmz kmbjecbdfc! pdxd

a}mgc xmdaedx ma jcbvxdpezc! pxmimxmbvmkmbvm

aeyedbc! fm }bcz 40 jk" fm mzpmzcx" D jcbve+

b}djeúb zm xmdaed ad dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd jcb

kmkhxdbd dziäavejd! t}m zmxä ad ÿavekd jdpd

mb acz jdzcz t}m bc zm jcact}m pezc" Mz xmjc+

kmbfdham t}m ad kmkhxdbd EZCADBV zm jcbve+

bÿm mb icxkd ymxvejda j}hxembfc ma mzpmzcx fma

jcbvxdpezc! pdxd t}m i}bjecbm jckc o}bvd fm

feadvdjeúb u myevm ma dgxemvdkembvc fma kezkc"

BCVD? Ad kezkd xmzca}jeúb ndhxä fm

ndjmxzm mb aczdz fm yeg}mvdz pxmvmbzdfdz

u adfxeaacz"

Jdzc mzpmjeda"Vdkheåb p}mfm ebzvdadxzm }bd dezadjeúb våx+

kejd fmzfm dhdoc" Pdxd maac zm ieodxäb d adz

yeg}mvdz aezvcbmz fm 4‛ ~ 4 »‛ mb acz t}m zm

jadydxä ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm! z}omvdfdz pcx

aezvcbmz fm umzmxc fm »‛ ~ 4‛"

Iebdakmbvm! mzvcz ÿavekcz p}mfmb zmxyex

jckc zczvåb fm dagÿb xmymzvekembvc d kcfc

fm jemacxxdzc"

Ze t}emxm kmocxdx ma xmbfekembvc våxkejc }veaejm

acz pxcf}jvcz VHD jcb ieak xmiamjvdbvm ndjed ad

i}mbvm fm jdacx"

MB MZVM JDZC! AD MZP]KD MZ ZEB DA]KEBE_DFC! U DEZADZCADKMBVM PCX KDZD U BC PCX XMIAMÊÚB"



F M V D A A M Z J


=9

Zemkpxm t}m }zm kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV bc maekebm ad djjeúb fma ieak da}kebedfc jcacjdbfc zchxm åzvm! cvxcz

kdvmxedamz dezadbvmz" Mb vcfc jdzc! ze yd d ndjmxac! zemkpxm jcact}m ad kmkhxdbd pcx mbjekd fm ac t}m ebzvdam"

Pdxd }bd jcxxmjvd dezadjeúb u ymbveadjeúb fma vmjnc mz i}bfdkmbvda xmzpmvdx ad jäkdxd fm dexm mb acz kezkcz"

Mb k}xcz u vdhet}mz

]bc fm acz kcfcz fm dezadx adz jcbzvx}jjecbmz mz ad }veaedjeúb fm k}xcz fchamz< mb mzvcz jdzcz vdkheåb zm p}mfm xmicxdx ad dezadjeúb

våxkejd jcb ma }zc m ebzvdadjeúb fm kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV"

Mb k}xcz fm kdkpczvmxëd! ma kdvmxeda dezadbvm zm jcacjd fmbvxc ad jäkdxd fm dexm! ieoäbfcac da k}xc ebvmxbc jcb dfnmzeyc fm jcbvdjvc! pebv}xdzdziäavejdz mb ixëc c pcx kmfecz kmjäbejcz! zemkpxm jcb ad jdxd da}kebedfd ‑kexdbfc‛ ndjed ad jäkdxd fm dexm< da m~vmxecx pdxd xmiam~eúb fma

jdacx c ndjed ad cbd fcbfm zm t}emxd xmiamodx ma jdacx" Mb mzvcz jdzcz jdze b}bjd zm xmt}emxm }bex acz xcaacz fm kmkhxdbd! pmxc p}mfm ndjmxac

}zdbfc jebvd da}kebedfd c ma zezvmkd Xdpe+Vdj ebja}efc mb acz pxcf}jvcz VHD" Mb jdzcz m~vxmkcz vdkheåb p}mfmb jcacjdxzm Hact}mz fm

mzp}kd EZCADBV zeb da}kebedfc! pmxc mb }b mzpmzcx fm 40 d :0 kk" pdxd t}m zúac vxdhdom jckc dezadbvm pcx kdzd"

Cvxd pczeheaefdf! mz jcacjdx ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm jckc ac m~paejdkcz mb ma jdzc fm }b jemacxxdzc! pmxc mb mzvm jdzc mb kcfc ymxvejda" Zm

ieodb d ad pdxmf aezvcbmz fm kdfmxd fm 8‛ ~ 8‛ mb icxkd ncxecbvda! d acz t}m zm ieod ad kmkhxdbd dezadbvm jcb ma da}kebec kexdbfc ndjed i}mxd

jadyäbfcad jcb }b aezvúb fm »‛ ~ 4‛ u zchxm mzvm ÿavekc zm jcacjd dagÿb xmymzvekembvc fm z} mamjjeúb .kdjnekhxm! pdbmamz fmjcxdveycz! kmvda

fmzpamgdfc kdz xmyct}m! mvj"%

Ze hemb ma kdvmxeda mz ekpmxkmdham! adz o}bvdz

zcb y}abmxdhamz pcx ac t}m zm fmhmxä momj}vdx

ma xmyct}m nefxúi}gc vxdfejecbda" Mb vdhet}mz

fm jcbzvx}jjeúb mb zmjc! ma dezadkembvc fmhm

jcacjdxzm zemkpxm mb ad jäkdxd fm dexm t}m

t}mfd gmbmxdfd pcx acz pmxieamz c pdxdbvmz

‑J‛ t}m zmpdxdb adz padjdz" Zemkpxm }het}m

ad jdxd da}kebedfd kexdbfc ndjed ma adfckdz jdaembvm ieoäbfcac da pdbma fma vdhet}m

t}m zm z}pcbm kdz ixëc" Mzvc zexym pdxd dezad+

kembvc våxkejc u hdxxmxd fm ydpcx u dzë myevdx

ad jcbfmbzdjeúb mb vdhet}mz m~vmxecxmz"



IEJNDZ VÅJBEJDZ



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

Aëbmd YeyembfdKmkhxdbdz mzväbfdx

VH 8

Kmkhxdbd hdoc vmodfm 8 kk fm mzpmzcx

Kmkhxdbd hdoc vmodfm = kk fm mzpmzcx

Kmkhxdbd hdoc vmodfm 40 kk fm mzpmzcx

VH = VH 40

=>

Hxebfdb vcvda ekpmxkmdheaefdf da vmjnc ebja}zc mb acz p}bvcz fm jadydfc u i}bjecbdb

jckc hdxxmxd fm ydpcx" Dpcxvdb }b këbekc fm dezadjeúb våxkejd .VH = u VH 40% myevdbfcma imbúkmbc fm jcbfmbzdjeúb" Ebjcxpcxd mb }bd fm z}z jdxdz }b ieak fm pcaemveambc jcbpxcvmjjeúb ]Y t}m cvcxgd kducx xmzezvmbjed kmjäbejd"

JDXDJVMXËZVEJDZ VÅJBEJDZ FM ADZ MZP]KDZ EZCADBV

JDXDJVMXËZVEJDZ YDACX BCXKD

Mzvx}jv}xd fm jmafd Jmxxdfd S

Mzpmzcx 0!= d =0 kk S

Fmbzefdf :0 + 60 lg#k: DZVK F 4988

Jcbf}jveyefdf Våxkejd 0!0:= d 0!06= W#k ¿J DZVK J =4>

Pmxkmdheaefdf da dg}d Ekpmxkmdham Fex" ]MDvj"

Dhzcxjeúb fm dg}d4!8- Y#Y

.68!9 - P#P%EXDK 4=>8

Pmxkmdbjed da ydpcx fm dg}d0!0:: gx#k8nlPd

DZVK M+59EXDK 47:=

Mzvdheaefdf fekmbzecbda hdoc jdacxAcbgev}febda +6!= # +6!8 - S

Vxdbzymxzda ,0": # , 0!> .70 ¿J ~ 88 nz% S

Xmzezvmbjed d acz djmevmz kebmxdamz ZDM :0 4= fëdz 8:¿J

Xmzezvmbjed da ccbc Bc ndu dgxemvdkembvcXdvebg 0

DZVK F 4474

Pmxkmdheaefdf d acz xducz fm a} =8 + 9: - Mzpmjvxc icvúkmvxc



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

=5

Dezadjeúb

nefxúi}gd

Myevdb ad

jcbfmbzdjeúb

Da jadydxadz

bc ieavxdb dg}d

Ieak fm

pcaemveambc jcb

pxcvmjjeúb ]Y

Hdod

pxcpdgdjeúb

fm aadkd

Hmbmiejecz]zc• Dezadbvm nefxúi}gc"

• Hdxxmxd fm ydpcx"• Dbvejcbfmbzdbvmz .VH= u VH40%"

FmzjxepjeúbKmkhxdbd fm mzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejd hadbjd fm 8! = u 40 kk fm mzpmzcx"

Jcb ieak fm pcaemveambc pdxd kducx xmzezvmbjed d ad vxdjjeúb u pxcvmjjeúb fm ]Y"

Kdxjd ekpxmzd mb jcacx jmamzvm"

PxmzmbvdjeúbXcaacz fm 4k fm dbjnc ~ 80 k fm adxgc"

Jdxdjvmxëzvejdz våjbejdzMzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvjed EZCADBV fm jmafd jmxxdfd! fm dexm mzvdbjc"

Pczmm kmkcxed maäzvejd! zm jemxxd zchxm ma jcbvcxbc fma jadyc c vcxbeaac"

Ieak pxcvmjvcx ]Y"

Hdod jcbf}jveyefdf våxkejd"

Xmzezvmbjed da i}mgc? hdod pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkdz .XM:%"

DpaejdjeúbHdoc jndpd c hdoc vmodz mb yeyembfdz c zmjvcxmz fma vmjnc fcbfm bc zm pxmjezm dezadjeúb

våxkejd .gdxdgmz dhemxvcz! damxcz! mvj"%"

P}mfm }zdxzm hdoc pezcz iacvdbvmz kmadkëbejcz"

Jckc hdxxmxd fm ydpcx mb k}xcz"

Xmmkpadd d? X}hmxcef! kmkhxdbd dziäavejd u j}dat}emx cvxc ekpmxkmdheaedbvm fm vmjnc c pezc"

JcacjdjeúbJcacjdx jcb ieak ekpxmzc ndjed dxxehd"

Ymx jdpëv}ac ‑Icxkdz fm jcacjdjeúb‛"

Jckc hdxxmxd fm ydpcx mb k}xcz! mb ad jdxd ebvmxbd .jdaembvm% fm åzvm"

M~pczejeúb d ad ebvmkpmxemBc mz dpvd pdxd pmxkdbmjmx d ad ebvmkpmxem pcx kdz fm 4 kmz mb ymxdbc ú : kmzmz mb ebyemxbc"

HmbmiejeczDa jadydxadz bc ieavxdb ma dg}d"

Ekp}vxmzjehamz"

Aeyedbdz"

Iäjeamz fm jcacjdx"

Hdod pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkd + XM:"

Vepc fm zcadpmPcx z}pmxpczejeúb! ad aëbmd p}bvmdfd ekpxmzd mb ma ieak fm ad kmkhxdbd ebfejd ad z}pmxiejem

d z}pmxpcbmx"

BCXKD EXDK.44540+:%



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

90

Aëbmd YeyembfdKmkhxdbdz da}kebedfdz

VHD = VHD 40 VHD 4=

VDHAD FM MT]EYDAMBJEDZ FM MZPMZCXMZ ZMGßB AD XMZEZVMBJED VÅXKEJD

VHD = VHD 40 VHD 4=

YMXDBC EBYEMXBC YMXDBC EBYEMXBC YMXDBC EBYEMXBC

Xmzezvmbjed Våxkejd .k8 ¿J # W% 0"59 0"== 4"07 0"99 4"4> 0"77

Adbd fm Yefxec .46 Lg"#k:% 60 kk 8: kk 6= kk 8> kk =0 kk :8 kk

Pcaemzvexmbc M~pdbfefc .80 Lg"#k:

% :8 kk 45 kk := kk 88 kk :5 kk 8= kk

M~ja}zeyc zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe+Vdj¢

D b}mzvxd aëbmd fm kmkhxdbdz da}kebedfdz EZCADBV¢ am ebjcxpc+

xdkcz ma zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe+Vdj¢" Mzvm zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc

idjeaevd ad jcacjdjeúb hxebfdbfc }bd kducx zmg}xefdf mb chxd myevdbfc

ieavxdjecbmz mbvxm }becbmz u cixmjembfc }bd pxcvmjjeúb jcbvëb}d u

zmg}xd mb ad ebzvdadjeúb"

Kmkhxdbd da}kebedfd hdoc vmodc jndpd fm = kk fm mzpmzcx

Kmkhxdbd da}kebedfd hdoc vmodc jndpd fm 40 kk fm mzpmzcx

Kmkhxdbd da}kebedfd hdoc vmodc jndpd fm 4= kk fm mzpmzcx

Adz kmkhxdbdz VHD ekpmxkmdheaedb u dëzadb våxkejdkmbvm ma vmjnc! xmmkpaddbfcad jckhebdjeúb fm }b iemavxc dziäavejc käz }b dezadbvm våxkejc vxdfejecbda" D adz pxc+pemfdfmz fm adz VH zm amz z}kd }b ieak da}kebedfc t}m kmocxd ad dezadjeúb våxkejd fmad mzp}kd EZCADBV! jcb xmiam~eúb fma jdacx xdfedbvm mkevefc pcx ad j}hemxvd" Ebja}umbzcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc XDPE VDJ¢"



I E J N

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V Å J B E J D Z

94

Dezadjeúb

nefxúi}gd

Dezadjeúb

våxkejd

Myevdb ad

jcbfmbzdjeúb

Da jadydxadz

bc ieavxdb dg}d

Ieak da}kebedfc

t}m xmiamod ad

xdfedjeúb jdaúxejd

Zcadpm

d}vcdfnmzeyc

Xdpe+Vdj¢

Hdod

pxcpdgdjeúb

fm aadkd

Hmbmiejecz

]zc• Dezadbvm nefxúi}gc"

• Dbvejcbfmbzdbvm .zm xmjckembfd ymxeiejdx jcbfejecbmz%"• Dezadbvm våxkejc"

• Hdxxmxd fm ydpcx"

FmzjxepjeúbKmkhxdbd fm mzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejd hadbjd fm =! 40 u 4= kk fm mzpmzcx"

Ieak fm pcaemzvmx da}kebedfc mb }bd fm z}z jdxdz"

Zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe Vdj .VHD = kk u VHD 40 kk%"

PxmzmbvdjeúbXcaacz fm 4 k fm dbjnc ~ 80 k fm adxgc"

Jdxdjvmxëzvejdz våjbejdzMzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvjed EZCADBV fm jmafd jmxxdfd! fm dexm mzvdbjc"


Icea da}kebedfc jcb ieavxc ]Y"

Hdod jcbf}jveyefdf våxkejd"


DpaejdjeúbHdoc jndpd c hdoc vmodz! mb yeyembfdz u mb dag}bcz jdzcz }zc ebf}zvxeda"

Vdkheåb mb dezadjeúb våxkejd fm k}xcz fchamz c fm jcbzvx}jjeúb mb zmjc"

Zchxm jemacxxdzc! myevdbfc n}kmfdf u xmiamodbfc xdfedjeúb fm jdacx"

Xmmkpadd d? X}hmxcef! kmkhxdbd dziäavejd u j}dat}emx cvxc ekpmxkmdheaedbvm fm vmjnc c pezc

käz }b dezadbvm våxkejc .pcaemzvexmbc c adbd fm yefxec%"

JcacjdjeúbDa}kebedfc ndjed dxxehd! c mymbv}dakmbvm ma p}bvc ndjed fcbfm zm t}emxm xmjnddx ad xdfed+

jeúb jdaúxejd"


M~pczejeúb d ad ebvmkpmxemBc mz dpvd pdxd pmxkdbmjmx d ad ebvmkpmxem pcx kdz fm 4 kmz mb ymxdbc ú : kmzmz mb

ebyemxbc"

HmbmiejeczFcham dezadjeúb" 8 pxcf}jvcz mb 4" Nefxúi}gc u våxkejc"

Da jadydxadz bc ieavxdb ma dg}d"

Ekp}vxmzjehamz"

Aeyedbd"

Iäjea fm jcacjdx"


Bc dj}k}adb be fmzpxmbfmb pdxvëj}adz"

Vepc fm zcadpmZcadpm D}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe+Vdj¢ .VHD = kk u VHD 40 kk%"

BCXKD EXDK.44540+:%



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

JDPD 4 JDPD 8 JDPD : JDPD 6 JDPD =

98

Aëbmd YeyembfdKmkhxdbd jcb da}kebec p}xc xmicxdfc u hdzvcbmzfm ymbveadjeúb

Kmkhxdbd da}kebedfd hdoc vmod c jndpd jcbda}kebec p}xc xmicxdfc u vxmz jdpdz ekpmxkmdhamz

Ad b}myd kmkhxdbd VHD K]AVEJDPD ¢ mzvd jcbicxkdfd pcx }b ebbcydfcx zez+vmkd fm = jdpdz t}m cixmjmb kducxxmzezvmbjed! kducx dezadjeúb våxkejd u vxepam dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd pdxd vmjnczfm yeyembfdz" J}hxm dkpaedkmbvm acz

pxebjepdamz xmt}mxekembvcz t}m }bdkmkhxdbd dezadbvm fmhm vmbmx"

B]MYCJCB : JDPDZ

EKPMXKMDHAMZ

VDHAD FM MT]EYDAMBJEDZ FM MZPMZCXMZ FM VHD K]AVEJDPD ZMGßB AD XMZEZVMBJED VÅXKEJD

YMXDBC EBYEMXBC

Xmzezvmbjed Våxkejd .k8 ¿J # W% 4"69 0">0

Adbd fm Yefxec .46 Lg"#k:% => kk :8 kk

Pcaemzvexmbc M~pdbfefc .80 Lg"#k:% 6> kk 89 kk

DA]KEBECP]XC JCB HDZMFM X]I]MX_C

Ad pxekmx jdpd nefxú+

i}gd! hxebfd dezadjeúb

våxkejd pcx xmiam~eúb u

hdod mkezeyefdf! jcb davd

xmzezvmbjed kmjäbejd u d

ad ebvmkpmxem .9 kmzmz%"

4° JDPD EKPMXKMDHAM

VmjncXMZEZVMBVM

MZP]KDEZCADBV

Zmg}bfd jdpd nefxúi}gd

hxebfd dezadjeúb våxkejd

pcx kdzd! fdfd pcx z}

mzvx}jv}xd fm jmafdz

jmxxdfdz! myevdbfc ieavxd+

jecbmz pcx acz p}bvcz fm

jadydfc"

8° JDPD EKPMXKMDHAM

VmjncDEZADFC

HDZVCBMZ FMYMBVEADJEÚB

Gmbmxdb ad ymbveadjeúb

bmjmzdxed mb ma vmjnc!

myevdbfc ma imbúkmbc

fm jcbfmbzdjeúb u

d}kmbvdbfc vdkheåb ad

dezadjeúb våxkejd"

VmjncYMBVEADFC

VMXJMX JDPDNEFXI]GD

DBVEFMZAE_DBVMXmi}mxd ad ekpmxkmdhe+

aefdf! acgxdbfc }bd

z}pmxiejem dbvefmzaedbvm

u fm kducx xmzezvmbjed

kmjäbejd"

:° JDPD EKPMXKMDHAM

VmjncEKPMXKMDHAM

ZCADPMD]VCDFNMZEYC

XDPE+VDJIdjeaevd u dgeaed ma vxdhdoc

fm jcacjdjeúb! dzmg}+

xdbfc dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd

mb adz }becbmz"

VmjncDZMG]XDFC



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

9:

Zcadpm

d}vcdfnmzeyc

Xdpe+Vdj¢

Hdod

pxcpdgdjeúb

fm aadkd

Hmbmiejecz


• Dbvejcbfmbzdbvm .zm xmjckembfd ymxeiejdx jcbfejecbmz%"• Dezadbvm våxkejc"

• Hdxxmxd fm ydpcx"

FmzjxepjeúbKmkhxdbd fm mzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejd hadbjd jcb hdzvcbmz fm ymbveadjeúb"

Da}kebec p}xc xmicxdfc mb }bd fm z}z jdxdz"

Jcb zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe Vdj"

Vxmz jdpdz ekpmxkmdhamz"

PxmzmbvdjeúbXcaacz fm 4 k fm dbjnc ~ 80 k fm adxgc"

Jdxdjvmxëzvejdz våjbejdzMzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvjed EZCADBV fm jmafd jmxxdfd! fm dexm mzvdbjc jcb hdzvcbmz fm ymbveadjeúb"

Icea fm da}kebec p}xc xmicxdfc"

Vxmz jdpdz fm ekpmxkmdheaedjeúb"



DpaejdjeúbHdoc jndpd c hdoc vmodz! mb yeyembfdz u mb dag}bcz jdzcz }zc ebf}zvxeda"

Vdkheåb mb dezadjeúb våxkejd fm k}xcz fchamz c fm jcbzvx}jjeúb mb zmjc"

Zchxm jemacxxdzc! myevdbfc n}kmfdf u xmiamodbfc xdfedjeúb fm jdacx"

Xmmkpadd d? X}hmxcef! kmkhxdbd dziäavejd u j}dat}emx cvxc ekpmxkmdheaedbvm fm vmjnc c pezc

käz }b dezadbvm våxkejc .pcaemzvexmbc c adbd fm yefxec%"

JcacjdjeúbDa}kebec ndjed dxxehd u acz hdzvcbmz fm ymbveadjeúb ndjed ma kdjnekhxm"


M~pczejeúb d ad ebvmkpmxemP}mfm pmxkdbmjmx d ad ebvmkpmxem ndzvd 9 kmzmz"

HmbmiejeczDavd xmzezvmbjed kmjäbejd"

Fcham dezadjeúb" 8 pxcf}jvcz mb 4" Nefxúi}gc u våxkejc"

Hdzvcbmz fm ymbveadjeúb"

Vxmz jdpdz ekpmxkmdhamz"


Xmzezvmbjed kmjäbejd"

Ekp}vxmzjehamz"

Aeyedbd"

Iäjea fm jcacjdx"



Vepc fm zcadpmZcadpm D}vcdfnmzeyc Xdpe+Vdj¢"

Dezadjeúb

nefxúi}gd

Myevdb ad

jcbfmbzdjeúb

Da jadydxadz

bc ieavxdb dg}d

Da}kebec p}xc

t}m xmiamod

ad xdfedjeúb

jdaúxejd

Hdzvcbmz

fm ymbveadjeúb

Da}kebec p}xc

9 kmzmz d ad

ebvmkpmxem

Xmzezvmbjed

kmjäbejd

Dezadjeúb

våxkejd

BCXKD EXDK.44540+:%

9KMZMZ



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

96

VDHAD FM MT]EYDAMBJEDZ FM MZPMZCXMZ ZMGßB AD XMZEZVMBJED VÅXKEJD

FCHAM DA] = FCHAM DA] 40 FCHAM DA] 4=

Xmzezvmbjed Våxkejd .k8 ¿J # W% 0"70 4"0: 4":5

Adbd fm Yefxec .46 Lg"#k:% 85 kk 6: kk => kk

Pcaemzvexmbc M~pdbfefc .80 Lg"#k:% 8: kk :6 kk 69 kk

Aëbmd Ebf}zvxedKmkhxdbdz jcb da}kebec p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz

FCHAM DA] = FCHAM DA] 40 FCHAM DA] 4=

Zezvmkd fm }beúb pcx vmxkczcafdfc pdvmbvdfcAdz kmkhxdbdz Fcham Da} EZCADBV zcb adz ÿbejdz fma kmxjdfc t}m

pczmmb ma m~ja}zeyc zcadpm pdxd vmxkczcafdfc pdvmbvdfc"

Ma vmxkczcafdfc jcb pezvcad fm dexm jdaembvm! i}m fezmôdfc pdxd

dzmg}xdx }bd }beúb ebdavmxdham d ac adxgc fma vemkpc! zeb bmjmze+

fdf fm dfnmzeycz u#c jebvdz"

Ad mzp}kd fm pcaemveambc! da zmx zckmvefd d vmkpmxdv}xd! zm

dhadbfd u zm i}zecbd pcx zekpam jcbvdjvc" Mzvm kåvcfc mz k}jnc

käz mimjveyc t}m j}dat}emx dfnmzeyc u#c jebvd" Ad vmkpmxdv}xd

dpxc~ekdfd fm jdambvdkembvc mz fm 460¿J! }zäbfczm }bd pezvcad fm

jdacx fm }bd pcvmbjed bc kmbcx d >00 Wdvvz" Mz ekpcxvdbvm }veaedx adpezvcad fm jdacx dpaejdbfc ma dexm d 6=¿ .b}bjd ymxvejda%"

Kmkhxdbd fm = kk fm mzpmzcx jcbicea fm da}kebec p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz

Kmkhxdbd fm 40 kk fm mzpmzcx jcbicea fm da}kebec p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz

Kmkhxdbd fm 4= kk fm mzpmzcx jcbicea fm da}kebec p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz

Adz kmkhxdbdz FCHAM DA] EZCADBV! dëzadb våxkejdkmbvm z} mzvx}jv}xd kmväaejd mye+vdbfc ma imbúkmbc fm jcbfmbzdjeúb" Zm jdxdjvmxedb pcx z} iäjea ebzvdadjeúb u kdbe+

p}amc! vxdväbfczm fm }b kdvmxeda aeyedbc t}m bc fmzpxmbfm pdxvëj}adz fm bebgÿb vepc!ymbvdodz t}m dzmg}xdb }bd xäpefd jcacjdjeúb u mimjveyd dezadjeúb våxkejd"



I E J N

D Z

V Å J B E J D Z

9=


• Dbvejcbfmbzdbvm"• Dezadbvm våxkejc"

FmzjxepjeúbKmkhxdbd fm =! 40 ú 4= kk fm mzpmzcx fm mzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejd gxez jcb icea fm da}kebec

p}xc mb dkhdz jdxdz jcb fcham zcadpm cp}mzvc"

PxmzmbvdjeúbXcaacz fm 4k fm dbjnc ~ 80 k fm adxgc .dbjnc ÿvea 4 k%"

Pczeheaefdf fm jcxvm fm xcaacz d kmfefd pdxd myevdx fmzpmxfejecz

Jdxdjvmxëzvejdz våjbejdzMzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejdz EZCADBV fm jmafd jmxxdfd fm dexm mzvdbjc"

Fcham jdxd fm icea fm da}kebec p}xc"

Fcham zcadpm cp}mzvc zchxm advmxdamz pdxd vmxkczcafdx"


K}u hdod pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkd .XM8%"

Dpaejdjeúb]zc ebf}zvxeda c mb mzvx}jv}xdz kmväaejdz mb gmbmxda"

Dezadjeúb våxkejd m ekpmxkmdham mb vmjncz u pdxmfmz fm mzvx}jv}xdz kmväaejdz"

JcacjdjeúbYmx jdpëv}ac ‑Icxkdz fm jcacjdjeúb‛"

M~pczejeúb d ad ebvmkpmxemDpvc ebvmkpmxem pdxd jemacxxdzc .]Y ebfexmjvc%"

HmbmiejeczFcham dezadjeúb" 8 pxcf}jvcz mb 4" Nefxúi}gc u våxkejc"


Ekp}vxmzjehamz"

Aeyedbd"

Iäjea fm jcacjdx"

K}u hd od pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkd + XM8"

Km ocx vmxkebdjeúb"


]beúb pcx vmxkczcafdfc"

Nefxcadydham"

Vepc fm zcadpmZcadpm pdxd }beúb pcx vmxkczcafdfc pdvmbvdfc! m~ja}zeyc fm EZCADBV"

Dezadjeúb

nefxúi}gd

Dezadjeúb

våxkejd

Myevdb ad

jcbfmbzdjeúb

Da jadydxadz

bc ieavxdb dg}d

Da}kebec p}xc

t}m xmiamod ad

xdfedjeúb jdaúxejd

Vmxkczcafdhamz

jcb pezvcad fm

dexm jdaembvm

K}u hdod

pxcpdgdjeúb

fm aadkd

Hmbmiejecz

BCXKD EXDK.44540+:%



P X M G ] B

V D Z I

X M J ] M B V M Z

99

Pxmg}bvdz ixmj}mbvmz

³T}å mz ad mzp}kd EZCADBV3Mz }bd mzp}kd fm pcaemveambc fm jmafd jmxxdfd"

³T}å ymbvdodz hxebfd ad mzvx}jv}xd fm jmafd jmxxdfd3

Ad jmafd jcbvembm dexm mzvdbjc! acgxdbfc dzë kdbvmbmx z} hdod jcbf}jjeúb fma jdacx" Dfmkäz! zcb vcvdakmbvm ekpmxkmdhamz da dg}d u da ydpcx

fm dg}d! ekpefembfc t}m ad kezkd mbvxm mb z}z jmafdz" Vdkheåb vembmb }bd jcbf}jveyefdf våxkejd hdod m ebdavmxdham"

³Pcx t}å adz kmkhxdbdz da}kebedfdz dëzadb vdbvc jcb vdb pcjc mzpmzcx3

Pcxt}m dëzadb pcx xmiam~eúb u pcx kdzd" Xmiamodb ma jdacx vxdbzkevefc pcx xdfedjeúb d vxdyåz fm }bd jäkdxd fm dexm u dëzadb pcx kdzd ma jdacx

vxdbzkevefc pcx jcbf}jjeúb"

³J}äbvc dëzad ad mzp}kd EZCADBV zeb jdxd da}kebedfd3

Dëzad zúac pcx kdzd" Pdxd }b fmvmxkebdfc mzpmzcx fm mzp}kd zm xmt}emxm }b mzpmzcx zekeadx fm dezadbvm våxkejc vxdfejecbda! X ; m#μ

.mzpmzcx#jcbf}jveyefdf våxkejd%"

³Mz bmjmzdxec jcacjdx ‑x}hmxcef‛ fmhdoc fm }bd kmkhxdbd EZCADBV3

Bc mz bmjmzdxec" Ebja}zc ad jcacjdjeúb fm mzm kdvmxeda ekpefm ad jcxxmjvd ymbveadjeúb fma kdjnekhxm! zmgÿb ma zezvmkd fm dezadjeúb padbvmdfc

pcx EZCADBV"

³Ndjed t}m adfc jcacjc ma ieak da}kebedfc3

Ma ieak da}kebedfc c fm da}kebec fmhm ex jcacjdfc ‑kexdbfc‛ ndjed ad z}pmxiejem xdfedbvm pdxd! pxmjezdkmbvm! xmiamodx mzm jdacx" Mzvc mz! ndhe+

v}dakmbvm! ndjed dxxehd"

³Júkc xmz}mayc ad dezadjeúb mb }bd j}hemxvd jcbzvx}efd jcb jemacxxdzc z}zpmbfefc3

Ndu vxmz zca}jecbmz pczehamz! ad pxekmxd mz jcacjdx ad dezadjeúb jcbvxd ad j}hemxvd ieoäbfcad mbvxm ad mzvx}jv}xd u ad j}hemxvd! zeg}embfc adz ebfejd+

jecbmz pdxd vmjnc b}myc"

Ad zmg}bfd cpjeúb jcbzezvm mb jadydx ad dezadjeúb d acz vexdbvmz jcb aezvcbmz fm »‛ ~ 4‛ fmzfm dhdoc! zmgÿb ma jdzc pdxd vmjncz ud jcbzvx}efcz"

Mb ma pxekmx jdzc i}bjecbdxëd jckc dezadjeúb våxkejd m nefxúi}gd u mb ma zmg}bfc zúac jckc våxkejd"

Ad vmxjmx davmxbdveyd jcbzezvm mb jcacjdx ad dezadjeúb zchxm ma jemacxxdzc< dzë vxdhdod jckc dezadbvm våxkejc u da eg}da t}m acz jdzcz dbvmxecxmz

myevdxëd vdkheåb ad jcbfmbzdjeúb" Xmj}mxfm jcacjdx zemkpxm ad jdxd da}kebedfd ndjed dxxehd" .Ymx jdpëv}ac? icxkdz fm jcacjdjeúb%"

³Mz bmjmzdxec jcacjdx ma aezvúb fm 8‛ ~ 4‛ zchxm ma kdjnekhxm3

Zë! pcxt}m?

• Jcbicxkd kmocx ad jäkdxd fm dexm z}pmxecx .bmjmzdxed pdxd ad dezadjeúb pcx xmiam~eúb%

• Ymbvead ad n}kmfdf dzjmbfmbvm fma ebvmxecx fm ad yeyembfd! myevdbfc t}m zm icxkmb ncbgcz u#ú jcacbedz fm hdjvmxedz mb ma kdjnekhxm"

• Mzj}xxm kmocx adz ieavxdjecbmz fm cj}xxex dag}bd xcv}xd c iez}xd mb ad j}hemxvd"

• Pmxkevm }hejdx kmocx ad pczejeúb fma vexdbvm da ieodx ma aezvúb umzmxc"

• Mb ma jdzc fm }veaedx VHD K]AVEJDPD bc ckevd ad jcacjdjeúb fm mzvm aezvúb" Ze p}mfm jcacjdxzm }bc fm kmbcx fekmbzeúb .umzmxc »‛ ~ 4‛%"

³Júkc zm momj}vd ad dezadjeúb j}dbfc vmbgc adz jdodz fm a} mb ma vmjnc3

Pdxd ad jcacjdjeúb fm ad ebzvdadjeúb maåjvxejd mb ma vmjnc! ac efmda mz momj}vdxad dbvmz fm pcbmx ma kdvmxeda dezadbvm! pxmymx t}m ma kdjnekhxm

t}mfdxä fmzpxcvmgefc f}xdbvm ad jcacjdjeúb fm ad ebzvdadjeúb maåjvxejd u j}hxex adz jdodz pxcyezcxedkmbvm"

.Ymx jdpëv}ac? fmvdaamz jcbzvx}jveycz%"

³Ad kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV zexym jckc dezadbvm mb k}xcz u vdhet}mz3

Zë" P}mfm }zdxzm pmximjvdkmbvm fmbvxc fm k}xcz fchamz jcb jäkdxd fm dexm! vdhet}mz fm jcbzvx}jjeúb mb zmjc mb gmbmxda! vdhet}mz fm kdfmxd!

mvj" .Ymx dpåbfejm%"



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Mb ad cbd fm jadydfc! ³p}mfmb pxcf}jexzm ieavxdjecbmz3Bc! pcxt}m ad bdv}xdamd maäzvejd fm ad kmkhxdbd ndjm t}m ad kezkd zm jemxxm mb vcxbc da jadyc! vcxbeaac c ad ieodjeúb t}m zm vxdvm! ekpefembfc

t}m ma dg}d ieavxm pcx mzm p}bvc"

³P}mfm }veaedxzm EZCADBV pdxd dezadx j}hemxvdz padbdz fm aczd3

Zë! zúac zmxä pdxd dezadjeúb våxkejd" Mb mzvm jdzc zm }veaedb mzp}kdz zeb ieak da}kebedfc u vdkpcjc ad VHD K]AVEJDPD" Mb mzvcz jdzcz ad dezad+

jeúb zm xmdaed zúac pcx kdzd u pcx maac zm fmhm jcacjdx }b mzpmzcx kducx da ndhev}da! ac kdz jckÿb mz }zdx fm 80 d :0kk"

Ad kmvcfcacgëd mz ad zeg}embvm?

Zchxm ad aczd mzvx}jv}xda aehxm fm mzjckhxcz u#ú kdvmxedamz! jcacjdx pxekmxc }bd hdxxmxd fm ydpcx u a}mgc ma hacjl fm mzp}kd fm mzpmzcx

fmzmdfc< zchxm mzvm xmdaedx }b jcbvxdpezc .pxmimxmbvmkmbvm aeyedbc% fm }bcz > d 40 jk" fm mzpmzcx .jcbymbembvmkmbvm jcb }bd kdaad fm fezvxe+

h}jeúb fm þ 6kk%" D jcbveb}djeúb zm xmdaed ad dezadjeúb nefxúi}gd jcb kmkhxdbd dziäavejd jcb da}kebec .c gmcvm~vea ze yd pezc%! t}m p}mfm zmx

ad vmxkebdjeúb mb jdzc fm bc jcbzvx}ex }b pezc" Mz xmjckmbfdham jcbveb}dx ma dezadkembvc våxkejc mb ymxvejda! }bcz jmbvëkmvxcz pdxd myevdx }b

pczeham p}mbvm våxkejc" .Ymx dpåbfejm%"

³J}äa mz ad yefd ÿvea fm adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV3

Adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV vembmb ad kezkd yefd ÿvea t}m ma vmjnc" Mz ekpcxvdbvm xmkdxjdx t}m ma kdvmxeda bc mz dpvc pdxd pmxkdbmjmx jcbve+

b}dkmbvm m~p}mzvc d ad ebvmkpmxem! ud t}m zm ym dimjvdfc pcx ad djjeúb fm acz xducz }avxdyecamvd .]Y%" ]bd ym ebzvdadfc hdoc ad j}hemxvd! bc

pxmzmbvd bebgÿb vepc fm ebjcbymbembvm"

Ekpcxvdbvm? acz pxcf}jvcz VHD vembmb feimxmbvmz pmxëcfcz fm m~pczejeúb d ad ebvmkpmxem! jcbz}avm mb jdfd jdzc"

³T}å feimxmbjed ndu mbvxm adz kmkhxdbdz VHD! VHD K]AVEJDPD u FCHAM DA]3

Ad feimxmbjed i}bfdkmbvda mz t}m adz kmkhxdbdz fm ad aëbmd VHD vembmb }bd zcad jdxd pxcyezvd jcb }b ieak paäzvejc da}kebedfc u FCHAM DA]

vembm dkhdz jdxdz xmj}hemxvdz jcb }b icea fm da}kebec p}xc" Pcx cvxd pdxvm VHD K]AVEJDPD mz ad ÿbejd mb z} aëbmd t}m vembm }bd jdxd jcb da}ke+

bec p}xc gcixdfc jcb hdzm fm xmi}mxc fm pcaemveambc t}m hxebfd kducx xmzezvmbjed kmjäbejd u d acz dgmbvmz dvkcziåxejcz"

Adz kmkhxdbdz da}kebedfdz xmiamodb ad xdfedjeúb fma jdacx da eg}da t}m adz fm icea fm da}kebec! t}m dfmkäz! pczmmb }bd hdod mkezeyefdf"

³J}äa mz ad i}bjeúb fma fcham icea fm da}kebec mb FCHAM DA]3

Ma da}kebec mz }b kmvda fm k}u hdod mkezeyefdf jdaúxejd" Da xmjehex ad xdfedjeúb mkevefd pcx ad j}hemxvd fm jndpd! ma pxekmx icea zm mbjdxgd fm

xmiamodx ndjed dxxehd gxdb pdxvm fm mzm jdacx! ad mzp}kd fm pcaemveambc zm mbjdxgd fm dezadx ma xmzvc .pcx kdzd% u pcx ÿavekc ma zmg}bfc icea xmf}+

jexä pcx z} hdod mkezeyefdf ad mbvxdfd fma jdacx xmkdbmbvm" Fm dt}ë zm fmzpxmbfm t}m ad dezadjeúb acgxdfd jcb FCHAM DA] mz kducx"

Ma da}kebec t}m pczmmb adz kmkhxdbdz FCHAM DA] djvÿd vdkheåb jckc hdxxmxd fm i}mgc vmbembfc }b kmbcx xdbgc fm pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkd

.Jdvdacgdfc pcx ma EBVE jckc XM8! mz fmjex! Kdvmxeda fm K}u Hdod pxcpdgdjeúb fm Aadkd%"

FCHAM DA] hxebfd dfmkäz! }bd kmocx vmxkebdjeúb mb gdapcbmz u bdymz ebf}zvxedamz pmxkevembfc ebja}zc ma nefxcadydfc fm adz kezkdz" Ma da}ke+

bec pxcvmgm d ad mzp}kd fm ad xdfedjeúb ]"Y" myevdbfc z} fmzgdzvm"

³Vcfdz adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV vembmb XDPE+VDJ3

Bc! zúac acz pxcf}jvcz VHD=! VHD40 u VHD K]AVEJDPD pczmmb ma zcadpm d}vcdfnmzeyc XDPE+VDJ" Vcfdz adz fmkäz p}mfmb }bexzm pcx zcadpm c d

vcpm jcb jebvd dfnmzeyd c pcx }beúb jcb pezvcad fm dexm jdaembvm"

³Zm jcbzeg}m mzp}kd EZCADBV mb mzpmzcxmz kducxmz d 40kk3

Zë" EZCADBV pxcymm fmzfm aäkebdz fm 0!= kk ndzvd hact}mz fm 9= kk fm mzpmzcx" Acz mzpmzcxmz kducxmz d 40kk ‚fmbckebdfcz ‑Hacjlz‛+!

zm acgxdb kmfedbvm pmgdfc ebf}zvxeda pcx kmfec fm jdacx! fm z}jmzeydz jdpdz fm = ú 40 kk"

³Mz käz mjcbúkejc ebzvdadx }b dezadbvm EZCADBV3

Ad jckpdxdveyd fm pxmjecz t}m zm fmhm ndjmx mz jcb pxcf}jvcz mt}eydambvmz! pcx momkpac? ]bd kmkhxdbd EZCADBV VHD= mt}eydam zek}avä+

bmdkmbvm d }b dezadbvm nefxúi}gc .vmjndfc dziäavejc c kmkhxdbd dziäavejd% käz }bd hdxxmxd fm ydpcx .}b ieak fm pcaemveambc c pdpma Lxdiv mb

ad dezadjeúb våxkejd% u jckc dezadbvm våxkejc d 60 kk fm adbd fm yefxec fm 46 Lg"#k:! c d :8 kk fm pcaemzvexmbc m~pdbfefc fm 80 Lg"#k: .mb

ymxdbc%" Dfmkäz fma pxmjec! zm fmhm vmbmx mb j}mbvd t}m mz }b kdvmxeda t}m zm jcacjd fm kdbmxd jcbveb}d! mb }bd zcad cpmxdjeúb! ad idjeaefdffm jcacjdjeúb u ad ebdavmxdheaefdf fma kezkc"



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Jdaefdf EZCADBV

EZCADBV Z"D" mz }bd mkpxmzd cxembvdfd ndjed ad zdvezidjjeúb pambd fma jaembvm!jckpxckmvefd jcb ma j}kpaekembvc fm z}z xmt}mxekembvcz! jckc dzë vdkheåb jcb

adz xmgadkmbvdjecbmz u bcxkdz dpaejdhamz" Mzvc ebja}um pxcf}jvcz! zmxyejecz fm

mbvxmgd! dzmzcxdkembvc fm }zc! jchmxv}xd fm gdxdbvëd u ma zczvmbekembvc fm ad xmb+

vdheaefdf t}m pmxkevd }b fmzdxxcaac jcbveb}c"

Mb mzvm zmbvefc! vxdhdodkcz jcb acz kdz davcz mzväbfdxmz fm jdaefdf" Ma Jmbvxc

fm Jmxveiejdjeúb fm Zezvmkdz VÑY Xnmebadbf Dxgmbvebd Z"D" jcbicxkm da pxcjm+

fekembvc VÑY Jmxv! jmxveiejú ad dpaejdjeúb m ekpamkmbvdjeúb fm }b zezvmkd fm

Gmzveúb fm Jdaefdf jcb dajdbjm ‑Fezmôc! madhcxdjeúb! jckmxjedaedjeúb u dzezvmb+

jed pxm u pczv+ymbvd fm pxcf}jvcz fm mzp}kd vmxkcpaäzvejd‛"

Pczmmx }b zezvmkd fm Dzmg}xdkembvc fm ad Jdaefdf t}m j}kpad jcb ad Bcxkd EZC

5004! jmxveiejdfc pcx }b mbvm xmjcbcjefc jckc ma VÑY Xnmebadbf Gxc}p bcz fez+

vebg}m jckc }bd mkpxmzd jckpxckmvefd jcb ad zdvezidjjeúb fm b}mzvxcz jaembvmz u

jcb ad m~jmambjed fm acz pxcf}jvcz u zmxyejecz t}m cixmjmkcz da kmxjdfc"

Z}kdfc d mzvc! EZCADBV Z"D" zckmvm d mbzducz u px}mhdz fm adhcxdvcxec d z}z

pxcf}jvcz jcb ma ieb fm jmxveiejdxacz dbvm d}vcxefdfmz bdjecbdamz m ebvmxbdjecbdamz"

]bd fm adz jcbz}avdz ndhev}damz mz zchxm júkc zm jckpcxvdb adz kmkhxdbdz

EZCADBV ixmbvm da i}mgc" Pdxd maac nmkcz xmdaedfc mb ma EBVE .Ebzvev}vc Bdjecbda fm

Vmjbcacgëd Ebf}zvxeda% ydxecz mbzducz fm ‑Pxcpdgdjeúb z}pmxiejeda fm aadkd‛ pdxd

fmvmxkebdx }bd jdaeiejdjeúb zmgÿb Bcxkd EXDK 44540" Dzë! zm nd fmvmxkebdfc

t}m! zmgÿb ma pxcf}jvc t}m zm vxdvm! b}mzvxdz kmkhxdbdz acgxdxcb ad jdaeiejdjeúb

XM8 .Kdvmxeda fm k}u hdod pxcpdgdjeúb fm aadkd% u XM: .Kdvmxeda fm hdod pxcpd+

gdjeúb fm aadkd%"

Vdkheåb zm xmdaedxcb mbzducz fm kmfejeúb fm mzpmjvxc fm n}kcz! fúbfm zm

fmvmxkebú t}m ma pcaemveambc mb jckh}zveúb jckpamvd aehmxd zcadkmbvm feú~efc fm

jdxhcbc .JC8%! jdacx u ydpcx fm dg}d" Bc pxcf}jm bebgÿb vepc fm gdzmz mbymbmbdb+

vmz c vú~ejcz"

Mb 8009 bcz i}m cvcxgdfc ma J"D"V" .Jmxveiejdfc fm Dpvev}f Våjbejd% cvcxgdfc pcx

ad Fexmjjeúb fm Vmjbcacgëd fm ad Z}hzmjxmvdxëd fm Yeyembfd fm ad Bdjeúb"

Mzvm jmxveiejdfc mz ekpxmzjebfeham pdxd t}m b}mzvxdz kmkhxdbdz ieg}xmb jckc

cpjeúb mb acz paemgcz fm aejevdjecbmz fma ‑Padb Imfmxda fm Yeyembfdz‛ t}m zm mzvä

jcbzvx}umbfc mb vcfc ma pdëz d vxdyåz fm acz ebzvev}vcz pxcyebjedamz fm yeyembfd fm

adz fezvebvdz pxcyebjedz"

Fejnc jmxveiejdfc dydad d adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV jckc kdvmxeda nefxúi}gc u fm

hdxxmxd fm ydpcx .pdxd vcfdz adz cbdz hecjaekävejdz fma pdëz% u jckc dezadbvm våx+

kejc ._cbdz E d EY%"

Pdxd kducxmz ebicxkmz djmxjd fm mbzducz! jmxveiejdjecbmz u bcxkdz jck}bët}mzm

jcb b}mzvxc Fmpdxvdkmbvc Våjbejc? 0>40+66+EZCADBV .679=89>%

9>



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VMKPMXDV]XDHDOC EZCADBV

VMKPMXDV]XDHDOC JNDPD

VMKPMXDV]XDEBVMXECX

Fmpdxvdkmbvc Våjbejc

³Júkc i}bjecbd ad ymxeiejdjeúb våxkejd mb chxd3Ad ymxeiejdjeúb våxkejd zm mimjvÿd jcacjdbfc vmxkúkmvxcz xmgezvxdfcxmz mb fezvebvcz p}bvcz fm ad chxd! t}m xmgezvxdb adz vmkpmxdv}xdz mb ma

vxdzj}xzc fma fëd" Jcb acz xmz}avdfcz chvmbefcz mb i}bjeúb fm ad ncxd u adz vmkpmxdv}xdz xmgezvxdfdz zm gxdiejdb adz j}xydz fm ydxedjeúb våxkejd

t}m k}mzvxdb ad feimxmbjed våxkejd t}m zm acgxd jcacjdbfc adz kmkhxdbdz EZCADBV"

EZCADBV Z"D" j}mbvd jcb }b Fmpdxvdkmbvc Våjbejc jcbicxkdfc pcx pxcimzecbdamz!t}embmz vxdhdodb d ac adxgc fm vcfc ma pdëz hxebfdbfc }bd dzezvmbjed ebvmgxda mb vcfdz

adz mvdpdz fm ad chxd! fmzfm ma dbäaezez fm adz bmjmzefdfmz fma jaembvm u ma zmg}ekembvc

fm chxd ndzvd ad kmfejeúb fma xmbfekembvc våxkejc fm ad chxd ud vmxkebdfd"

Pdxd kducxmz ebicxkmz djmxjd fm mbzducz! jmxveiejdjecbmz u bcxkdz jck}bët}mzm

jcb b}mzvxc Fmpdxvdkmbvc Våjbejc? 0>40+66+EZCADBV .679=89>%

95

Fedgbúzvejc"

Júkp}vc u pxmz}p}mzvc d kmfefd"

Jdpdjevdjeúb fm kdbc fm chxd"

Zmg}ekembvc fm ebzvdadjeúb fma kdvmxeda mb chxd"

Kmfejeúb fma xmbfekembvc våxkejc mb ad chxd vmxkebdfd"



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