MEASURES FOR IMPROVING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY POLICY

MEASURES FOR IMPROVING THEARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

POLICY

Current Problems and ConstraintsCurrent Problems and Constraints22

Improvement Strategies for the Archaeological Survey SystemImprovement Strategies for the Archaeological Survey System33

ExpectationsExpectations44

Action PlanAction Plan55

IntroductionIntroduction11

Contents Contents

I. Introduction I. Introduction

Scope• Areas of development work covering a project area of no less than 30,000 ㎡ (Cultural Heritage Protection Act, Article 91 )

Aim• Identification of any cultural or archaeological heritage in the project area

Methods• Desk-based assessment & field evaluation through visual examination

Scope• Areas of development work covering a project area of no less than 30,000 ㎡ (Cultural Heritage Protection Act, Article 91 )

Aim• Identification of any cultural or archaeological heritage in the project area

Methods• Desk-based assessment & field evaluation through visual examination

Ground SurveyGround Survey ExcavationExcavation

Scope• Areas identified as possible cultural or archaeological heritage sites according to the ground survey

Aim • Protection of heritage prior to development or construction

Methods

• Trial excavation & in-depth excavation

Scope• Areas identified as possible cultural or archaeological heritage sites according to the ground survey

Aim • Protection of heritage prior to development or construction

Methods

• Trial excavation & in-depth excavation

1,529 ground surveys (644 ㎢ )

1,259 excavations (43 ㎢ )* 70% of surveys were conducted in land development and industrial complex construction areas

Annual cost: 230 billion Won (on developer-pays principle)

1,529 ground surveys (644 ㎢ )

1,259 excavations (43 ㎢ )* 70% of surveys were conducted in land development and industrial complex construction areas

Annual cost: 230 billion Won (on developer-pays principle)

Statistics of Archaeological Surveys in 2007

Classification of research institutions Classification of research institutions

Public institutions

29(20.6%)

Others 6

(4.2%)

Universities 65

(46.1%)Private

institutions 41

(29.1%)

141(1,881

researchers)

Number of archaeological surveys Number of archaeological surveys

Ground surveys

Excavations

II. Current Problems and Constraints II. Current Problems and Constraints

While needs for excavation works increase by 20% annually,

the number of researchers increase by 5% only per annum

While needs for excavation works increase by 20% annually,

the number of researchers increase by 5% only per annumIn 2007 out of 66 million ㎡ that needed excavation, 43 million ㎡ (64%)

were excavatedIn 2007 out of 66 million ㎡ that needed excavation, 43 million ㎡ (64%)

were excavated

Number of Development plans

Excavation area ( ㎢ )

´03 ´04 ´05 ´06 ´07

Researchers

1934

35 3543

1,573 1,604 1,649 1,884 1,881

Poor recognition as a 3D job Poor recognition as a 3D job (dirty, difficult & dangerous) (dirty, difficult & dangerous)

Stringent requirements for laboratory, excavation and preservation equipments and professional qualification for researchers

Only 8% of 250 archaeology graduates are hired as researchers annually

Strict criteria for institution Strict criteria for institution establishmentestablishment

An institution authorized by a local government

can work only within its jurisdiction

Areas of surveys and excavations Areas of surveys and excavations limit on local institutions limit on local institutions

Lack of professional researchers and research institutions

37,14049,756

51,698

63,63776,568

Excavation

Developer

Developer

Signing a contract with a research institute

(developer)

Permission

Excavation and submission of report

Administrative consultation & decision

Application for excavation

(76 days taken)

Ground Survey

Complicated & Long Administrative Procedures

(64 days taken)

Developer

Signing a contract with a research institute

(developer)

Ground survey

Administrative consultationand decision

Si/Gun/Gu gov

Cultural Heritage

Administration (CHA)

Si/Gun/Gu gov.

Si/Gun/Gu gov.

Cultural Heritage

Administration

Si/Gun/Gu gov.

Si/Gun/Gu gov.

Cultural Heritage

Administration

Si/Gun/Gu gov.

Low Predictability

Low Predictability

Insufficient standards for survey cost &

duration estimation

Insufficient standards for survey cost &

duration estimation

Vague regulations on commencement time of survey

Vague regulations on commencement time of survey

Unclear standards for defining the

excavation range & in situ

preservation criteria

Unclear standards for defining the

excavation range & in situ

preservation criteria

Heavy burden on developers due to poor standards

III. Improvement Strategies III. Improvement Strategies

Promoting Public Convenience

Promoting Public Convenience

Improving PredictabilityImproving

Predictability

Strategy 1Strategy 1

Reducing survey Reducing survey needsneeds

Strategy 1Strategy 1

Reducing survey Reducing survey needsneeds

Strategy 3 Strategy 3

Simplifying administrative Simplifying administrative proceduresprocedures


Simplifying administrative Simplifying administrative proceduresprocedures


Expanding a watching brief Expanding a watching brief systemsystem


Expanding a watching brief Expanding a watching brief systemsystem


Establishing official and Establishing official and objective survey objective survey standardsstandards


Establishing official and Establishing official and objective survey objective survey standardsstandards

Fast and Accurate Public Service

Strategy 2: Increasing Strategy 2: Increasing supplysupply

of skilled professionalsof skilled professionals

Strategy 2: Increasing Strategy 2: Increasing supplysupply

of skilled professionalsof skilled professionals

Early Establishment of the Archaeological Heritage GIS

Reducing Survey Needs Reducing Survey NeedsStrategy Strategy ①①

Reducing an average of 64 days per survey Relocation of ground survey researchers to excavation

sites

Reducing an average of 64 days per survey Relocation of ground survey researchers to excavation

sites

Establishing the Archaeological Heritage GIS Service Establishing the Archaeological Heritage GIS Service by 2008 by 2008 to replace ground surveysto replace ground surveys

Easing restrictions for establishing and operating research institutions

Increasing Supply of Skilled ProfessionalsIncreasing Supply of Skilled Professionals

EasingEasing requirements for requisite facilities, requirements for requisite facilities, equipments and academic and working equipments and academic and working careers of researcherscareers of researchers

Strategy Strategy ②②

From 11 researchers to 7 Easing the academic and work requirements

ResearchersResearchersFacilitiesFacilities

owned by each institution

shared between institutions

No regional restriction for research institutions No regional restriction for research institutions (local jurisdiction (Si/Do) nationwide) (local jurisdiction (Si/Do) nationwide)

복잡한 행정절차의 획기적인 단축Simplifying Administrative Procedures

Strategy ③ Simplifying Administrative Procedures

Strategy ③ Simplifying Administrative Procedures

Direct operation of CHA without passing Si/Gun/Gu Direct operation of CHA without passing Si/Gun/Gu

govtsgovts Shortening the time required for reviewing and Shortening the time required for reviewing and

processing processing

Developer Si/Gun/Gu

CHA

Si/Gun/GuDeveloper

Developer

CHA

Developer

140 Days 40 Days

Action④ :

12% (‘07)

over 24% (‘08)Improved

professors,

researchers of public

institutions

Current

a researcher of a private institution

Wider qualification of watching brief expertsWider qualification of

watching brief expertsWider application of

a watching brief systemWider application of

a watching brief system

현장 업무처리 현장 업무처리

Undertaking a watching brief within an area of low heritage site possibility

Authorized experts ‘watching’ the digging work of the construction site (no excavation work)

Undertaking a watching brief within an area of low heritage site possibility

Authorized experts ‘watching’ the digging work of the construction site (no excavation work)

Strategy ④ Expanding a watching brief system

Strategy ④ Expanding a watching brief system

Strategy ⑤ Establishing official and objective standards

Strategy ⑤ Establishing official and objective standards

Minimizing arbitrary legal interpretation and improving predictability

Standardization of criteria for estimation of cost, duration and manpower needed for a survey

Establishment of an objective and reasonable criteria for in situ preservation of an excavated site

Revision of over-generalized and arbitrarily interpretable legal provisions

Standardization of criteria for estimation of cost, duration and manpower needed for a survey

Establishment of an objective and reasonable criteria for in situ preservation of an excavated site

Revision of over-generalized and arbitrarily interpretable legal provisions

※Establishment of the criteria for altering current conditions around a heritage site

IV. ExpectationsIV. Expectations

Reduction of lands awaiting excavation

Now 2008

24 ㎢

0 ㎢

Now 2008

1,881 persons

2,800 persons

Increase of manpower supply

Now 2008

140 days

Shortened length of administrative procedures

Now 2009

230 bil won

172 bil won

Cut on survey costs

40days

V. Action PlanV. Action Plan

Operate the established GIS (from Jan 1, 2009)Operate the established GIS (from Jan 1, 2009)

Construct 2 collection storage and preservation Construct 2 collection storage and preservation facilities facilities

Operate the established GIS (from Jan 1, 2009)Operate the established GIS (from Jan 1, 2009)

Construct 2 collection storage and preservation Construct 2 collection storage and preservation facilities facilities

Within 3 months

Streamline relevant regulations and lawsStreamline relevant regulations and laws Streamline relevant regulations and lawsStreamline relevant regulations and laws Establish standards for cost estimation and length of survey Establish standards for cost estimation and length of survey

Shorten administrative proceduresShorten administrative procedures

Increase watching brief expertsIncrease watching brief experts

Ease preconditions for establishment of a research instituteEase preconditions for establishment of a research institute

Establish standards for cost estimation and length of survey Establish standards for cost estimation and length of survey

Shorten administrative proceduresShorten administrative procedures

Increase watching brief expertsIncrease watching brief experts

Ease preconditions for establishment of a research instituteEase preconditions for establishment of a research institute

Within 1 month

Convert regional institutions into nationwide Convert regional institutions into nationwide institutionsinstitutions

Operate a Call Center for Archaeological Survey Operate a Call Center for Archaeological Survey

Convert regional institutions into nationwide Convert regional institutions into nationwide institutionsinstitutions

Operate a Call Center for Archaeological Survey Operate a Call Center for Archaeological Survey

In 2009

The Cultural Heritage Administration endeavors to strengthen national competitiveness through advancing survey methods and administrative

measures regarding cultural heritage.

Documents

MEASURES FOR IMPROVING THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY POLICY