Milgram StudyHigh

Low

Low HighNoContact

Hear See Touch

Distance of Victim

Obe

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Milgram StudyHigh

Low

Nearby At aDistance

SameRoom

On the Phone On Tape

Presence of Authority

Obe

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Milgram StudyHigh

Low

None One Two More thantwo

Disobedient Peers

Obe

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Which definitions are operational? A group of professional people posed this question to a group of 4 to 8 year-olds, “What does love mean?” The answers they got were broader and deeper than anyone could have imagined. See what you think. 1.When my grandmother got arthritis, she couldn’t bend over and paint her toenails anymore. So my grandfather does it for her all the time, even when his hands got arthritis too. That’s love. Rebecca—age 82.When someone loves you, the way they say your name is different. You know that your name is safe in their mouth. Billy—age 43.Love is when a girl puts on perfume and a boy puts on shaving cologne and they go out and smell each other. Karl—age 54.Love is when you go out to eat and give somebody most of your French fries without making them give you any of theirs. Chrissy—age 65.Love is what makes you smile when you’re tired. Terri—age 46.Love is when my mommy makes coffee for my daddy and she takes a sip before giving it to him, to make sure the taste is OK. Danny—age 77.Love is what’s in the room with you at Christmas if you stop opening presents and listen. Bobby—age 7

Experimental methodology supported by clinical case studies Experimental studies▪ Alter nervous system and observe change in

behavior▪ Alter environment and note change in structure

Case Studies▪ Phineas Gage

Still use similar methods today, but improved measurement techniques

In the 19th century, the idea that psychology could be made scientific gained favor

Advances in physiology and development of methods for experimenting on the brain

Principle of Mass Action Until the 15th century, all regions were

similar in structure and operated as a whole

Late 19th century – was replaced by the idea of localization

German anatomist, physiologist, and physician

Various regions of the brain control certain “faculties,” which were defined as personality and intelligence traits

Phrenology – “doctrine of the skull” Mapped out charts to guide assessment of

faculties based on shape of head Faded at the beginning of the 20th century

One of Gall’s leading critics Brain is an interconnected network of

activity. Discovered that the main divisions of

the brain were responsible for different functions Used ablation to determine function

Concluded that the cerebral hemispheres acted as a unit, containing no specialized organs Proposed doctrine of plasticity

French physician who demonstrated that the brain shows some localization of function

Discovered speech production center of the brain

Advanced the science of cranial anthropometry developed many new types of measuring

instruments (craniometers) and numerical indices

Amount of brain tissue lost was most important for amount of impairment.

Localization is not complete. Even if one area was lost, another area

could be used to solve the task

Treated patients with severe epilepsy by destroying nerve cells

Before operating, he stimulated the brain with electrical probes while the patients were conscious

Created maps of the sensory and motor cortices of the brain

Father of modern neuroscience

Advocated “neuron theory”