Mortal Harm

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Mortal HarmAuthor(s): Steven LuperSource: The Philosophical Quarterly (1950-), Vol. 57, No. 227 (Apr., 2007), pp. 239-251Published by: on behalf of the and theOxford University Press Scots Philosophical Association

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2/14

The Philosophical Quarterly, Vol 57, No 227

ISSN oo3i-8o94

Apr 2007

d o 1 0 1 / 1 4 6 7 9 21 3 2 oo 7 4 82 x

MORTALHARM

BY STEVENLUPER

Th h r m h y h d h m yh rm h nd v du who d Th p o humou h r m h

y h po h umou v n m y h rm h o w ho d Ep curu r c bo h h c m ng h

h r n o ub c wh o h rm d n o c r h r m wh ch r c v d n dn oc r m w h n n y h rm

r c v d F dm n r cu h h rm h w h o u on o Ep curu hr pu b d on h

o wn v r o n o f h d p r v o n c c ou n o f h rm B u m n y c r c m on g h m L m on G r y F

nd Br d y h v r c d F d m n o u on o h m ng pu off r ng h r own o u o n n

p c d cu h o u on o h m ng pu nd df nd h v w h w h w r v w

m y n cu r h rm f or w h ch d h n d p o h um ou v n r r p on b

W m g h E p cu ru w k no wn r g um n c on c rn n g d h f o ow

h h rm h on wh ch d h m y h rm h n dv du w ho d c n ho d

r u on y f h r ub c w ho h rm d by d h c r h rm wh ch

rc v d n d m wh n h h rm r c v d A o h m ng u h r

m o b w opo b o u on d h hrm v c m h rwh h y

r v or r f w o p f or h cond o u o n w p p r o r un h d

o n n o h prob m of h ub c for um ng h w d ono x f r

w r v no on f o n cur h rm f w o p f or h f r o u on

d h hrm v c m wh h y r v w h v r dy o u on o h

p ro b m of h u b c b u w f c h p ro b m of u pp y ng c r w y n

wh ch d h b d d h m u nb o hv ny ff c on u wh w

r v ng n c h n o y o cc ur rd C onc ud ng h h r n oc oh r n

o u on o hr u Ep curu r c h h rm h H focu on

d h bu h rgum n p p mor g n r y o nc ud v n h

f o ow d h o h n d d on o h h rm h Ep curu r c h p o

h um ou h r m h h p o hu mou v n c n h rm h o w ho d F or con

v n n c h c ny h rm for wh ch d h r p on b mor h rm

Fr d F dm n h mp d o r c u h h rm h w h o u on o

E pc ur u h r p u 1 Th om N g n dm n yo h r h o r h d

1 S F F d m n C on fr on o n w h h R p r O x fo rd U P 1 99 2 n d So m P u b ou

h E v o f D h P h o o ph c R v w 1 00 1 99 1 p p 20 52 7 r pr n J M F c h r d T h

M p hy c o fD h S n fo rd U P 9 93 P P 3 07 2 6

© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 20 07 T h E d o r o f T h P h o o p h c Q u r r y

P u b h d b y B c k w P ub h n g 9 6 00 G r n g o n Ro d O xf or d ox 4 2 Dq U K n d 3 50 M n S r M d n M A 0 2 14 8 U SA

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3/14

240STEVEN LUPER

c m d h h h r m con c rn d f orm of d pr v on 2 w h c r n

qu f c on F d m n g r Th h rm c n b m d c r by c om p rn g

h c u w or d n wh ch h v u d d o h c o po b wor d n

which I live longer. If the latter is more valuable for me than the former,

d yn gh h rm d m T h u b c o f h h rm h v ng br h ng p r on

w ho h y o d A for h m wh n d h b d for v c m F dm n

y m c r om h h n w r o h qu on rn y

Som P u bou h E v o fD h p 2 21 H ugg d o u o n

pp r o b rn m f m hrm d by my d h m w y h rm d

n h h r on Th w or d nwh ch v o n m or v u b o m

h n h wor d nwh ch d f r u ru wh n vr u r d

B u m ny cr c m on g h m Ju n L mo n W m Gr y H r ry

S v r n N F nd B nBr d y r c rn m off rng h r own

o u on n p c 3 n h p p r h rgu h h r propo k

rn m f h h nd cu n rn v o u on n m y

pr o r m w h ch y h w m y n cu r d pr v o n h rm f or w h ch d h

r p on b wh w r v R y ng on pr or m c m o b b o

upp yp u b o u on o hr of h u Ep curu r d h no

o d dr of h u wh ch con m por ry Ep cur n r 4

bg n w h n x p n on of why F d mn c r c r c rn m

Su ppo ubb d my o y rd y f w k wh n h u bb ng b d for

m w h x c y do w w n o know? Th r r wo po b F r w

m gh b k ng Wh n ru h h ubb ng b d for m ? H r h

n w r E r n y f v r S c ond y w m gh b k ng A w h ch m

ru h h ubb ng b dfor m ? H r h n wr no

E r n y b u r h r om h ng k Th ubb ng b d for m nd

on y ho m wh n hur Th m mb gu y r wh n w k

bou h m ng of mor h rm F d m n m o k W h n L nco n

d h b dfor hm? o m n W hn ru h h d h b d for hm?

2 See T. Nagel, Death, in his Mortal Questions (Cambridge UP, 1979), PP. I-I I

3 J Lamont, A Sout on to the Puzze of When Death Harms ts Vctms , Austraas an

Journal of Philosophy, 76 (1998), pp 198-212 W Grey, Epicurus and the Harm of Death, Aus-

r n J ou mr n o f P h o op hy 7 7 1 99 9 P P 3 58 6 4 H S v r n T h E v o f D h J o ur n o J

P h o op hy 7 7 9 80 p p 4 01 2 4 r p r n F c h r d T h M p hy c o f D h p p 9 5 11 6

n d Th E v o f D h R v d M d w S u d n Ph o o ph y 24 2 00 0 p p 116 35 N F

T h T m o f D h M f or un N o 36 2 00 2 p p 35 98 3 B Br d y W h n D h

B d f or h O n W ho D ? N o 3 8 20 04 p p 1 2 8

4 F o r a r e c e nt s t u dy o f E p c u r u s p r o e ct s e e J Wa r r en F a c n g D e at h E p c u r u s a n d h s C r t c s

OxfordUP2004

© 2 0 07 T h A u h o r Jo ur n c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y





4/14

MORTAL HARM 241

T h n w r E r n y f v r Bu h qu on cn o m n A wh ch

m ru h L nco n d h b d for hm ? A ccord ng o

F dm n c r c h cond v r on of h qu on h conc rn

h m ng of d h h r mfu n And n w r d u w y from

rn m

Bu w hr d o d? Th r r m ny po b f d h nd po

h um ou v n r r p on b f or d pr v o nh rm h m gh b n cu rr d

by v ng u b c h f o ow ng m or o m comb n o n h r of

h m w h n d h n d p o h um ou v n o cc ur c o nc ur r n m

b f r h y o cc ur u b qu n m

c b f o r h y o c cu r p r o r m

d m rn m

n nd rm n m nd fn m

Wh F d mn c r c r c rn m h y d gr bou w hch v w

h ou d k p c L m on o p f or con cu rr n m S v r n op fo r

nd f n m do Gr y who comb n w h u b q u n m h o h r

w o f v ou r u b q u n m

M ny ph o o ph r w r c n d fn m ou o f h nd b c u of h

m y r ou n of h m ng of h h rm po My own u gg on

h n h p r n con x wh r w r mp n g om Ep curu

c h n g w hou d con d r n d fn m o b n op o nof r o r n

ff c nd fn m r c Ep curu c h ng y h d h or po

humou v n c n h rm u v n f h r no d fn m w h nw ncur

h hrm o ugg h h rong w y o r pond o n df n m

o n w r h q u on r c o x p n wh n w m y ncur mor

h rm op o n d p urpor o do For now h n h pu nd f n m

d nd r u rn o f r d c u n g how h o h r op o n f r

O n L m on v r o n o f co nc ur r n m w n cu r d pr v o n h rm h

m wh n om v n n ur h w h no r n or n om

o hrw v b g ood h c uch v n n ur ng v n D h f

n n u rng v n o d h n d m ny d pr v o n hrm o ccur

m u n o u y S m r r on ng m gh v n d o h c onc urr n o ry

b ou w h n po h um ou v n h r mu f or k d h p o h um ou v n

n ur h w h no n om g ood w o h rw wou dh v h d

u ch no b ng n d r dp o hu mou y T h u p ho u nf d o ry

b ou w h n d h n d p o hu mo u v n h r m u

L k h o h r F nd Br d y c c p h d pr v o n v w of h rm

H ow v r un k L m on h y op f or u b qu n m F d f nc b d

o n x mp of h n g w y b ou o rd n ry n o m or h rm n h

ubb d o x mp h n wr o h qu on A wh ch m ru

C 2 0 07 T h A u h o r Jo ur n c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y





5/14

242STEVEN LUPER

h h ubb ng b d for m ? h h ubb ng h rm d m f r

oc cu rr d R ou gh y b d fo rm nd on y h o m wh n h ur

On F v w o d rm n wh h r dy ng m wou d h rm m w

comp r h n r po b wor dw n wh ch d ono d o h c u

wor d nwh ch d n w v n u y d b f r Suppo h

wou df r w n h w or d f r E v nu y h c o fr w n w

f for no oh rr on h n h v n u y d Th n rv o f m f r

wh ch r wh n b g n o fr w n w n d nd wh n c o fr

w r ou gh y h p r o d of m d u r ng w h ch c cr u h h r m f or

w h ch d h r p on b c cor dn g o F

B n Br d y r f n F v r o n of u b q u n m A cc ord ng o B r d

y S d h b dfor S f nd on y f h n rn c v u of h

of f f r for S n h n r wor d nwh ch Sdo no d gr r

h n ro H nc d h b d for h p r on who d nd on y h o

m w hn h p r on wo ud h v b n v n g w or v ng f w or h

v ng h d h no d d wh n h d d Br d y p

S o mu ch f or h p ro po d c or r c o n o F d m n o u o n o h m n g

pu Wh h do now ugg n ob c o n o ub q un m

F r c on c o n f w r y on ord n ry n gu g c n g h w y h r m

u d n v r yd y p ch ub q u n m o ok p u b Th ub bd o

x mp p rh p n o d nc do no urn on good of wh ch m

d pr v d bu c r n y n u r o y h h h rm from o ubb ng

occ ur m m d y f r h ub bng w h h o hrobb ng S on

c n y c c o fd p rv on h rm n f v ou rof u b q u n m Y ou r

n m y g v h o r d r h y ou r o b d r ug g d n o u nc on c o u n f or

h n x m o n h W h n do y ou r n m y o r d r h rm y ou ? Ar gu b y f r

g v n w h y ou c n no c o nd uc y o ur f u u H ow v r v n

h ough u ch c ugg h w o rd n r y p k n n w h ub q u n

m u b qu n m c nn o r o y on h k nd of r gu m n f w c nn o

m k c r n of h d h p op ncur hrm wh h y r d d

u b qu n m mu g o n d w m u c on cu d h m n y h ng w

c om mo n y y b ou p o h u mo u h r m r n r r o r

A no h r con c o n p o b o m k n o fh ow h n g c n co m

o b r u of p r on y So cr b yv r u o f v n o cc ur rn g f r h

d d B u h r n ob c n m y h pp r n ru hof h c m h

h ng m y h v prop r y p r cu r m o ny f h y x h m

H r o n w y of ov r com ng h ob c A on gw h H r ry S v r n

nd o h r w m g h d op f our d m n on m h m phy c v w h

p nd fu ur o b c r o n oog c y o n p r w h pr n o b c v n

houg h h r mp or oc on r d ff r n O f c h ob c ppro

pr o y h x wh r x u d n y o h Socr

C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n C 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y





6/14

MORTAL HARM 243

n y x ru wh h r r d n h p pr n o r fu ur On

h four dm n on v w m k n o y h ng k S ocr

now d d W cn rf r oSocr who x n h n n v n

h ou gh S oc r r f r o o m h n g m p or y o c d wh o y n h p

n d w c n y o fh m h h no ong r v S m r y b yv r u of

c r n v n occurr ng c n ur f r h d h com o b ru o fSo

cr h h w d cu d n ph o ophy c n 2oo6 5

H r n oh r w y of ov r com ng h ob c D v d H R ub n

ug g h w m y corr c y r bu prop r o ob c or p r on w ho

h v c d or no b gun o x 6 Th m n Socr w d c u d

n p h o op hy c n 20 06 p p r o m p y h So cr c hn g d h

cqu r d h p ro p ry of b n g d c u d n p r c u r c T h p p r n

c hn g oc cu rr d n 2 00 6 W c n m k n o f h p p r n c by y ng

h h c h ng nvo v d C mbr dg c h ng Th h or o fc hng

h ng u nd r go wh o y n v r u o f r o nh p o om h n g

S oc r d o n o u nd r go n y c h ng n h n r n c p r op r w h n d

cu d n h w n y f r c n u r y w w ho ch ng o ur n r n c p ro p r

b u by v r u of h r on o u h h com o b d c u d Th ng

mu x p r cu r m n o rd r o hv n n r n cprop r y h

m M or ov r h ng m u x o un d rg oc h ng n h r n r n c

p rop r Bu h y n d no x or ch ng n r n c y o c qu r pro

p r n C mb rd g ch ng R ub n h n h C m br dg c h ng r

no r ch ng b u no r o n o fo ow h m n h v w Why

hou d r ch ng b m d o c hng n n r n c prop r ?

no wc r h p op m y un d rg oh r mwh h y r d d

ub q u n m v r ? O f cou r n o f h rm co n n b n g n o m b d

cond on u ch p n A f r Socr d d Socr con n u o r f r

o h v ng Socr H nc S ocr w h rm d m c n on ym n

h h v ng Socr wh h rm d C r y h v ng Socr do

no u nd r go h rm wh h f o v r f h o ny h rm r c on d o n k

p n B u m y o p c h d p r v o n c c ou n c co rd n g o w h ch h r m c n

con n h b n c of o m n g ood S op rh p w c n m k n

of u b qu n m by n r pr ng Socr d h h rm d hm wh h f

w o v r T h v ng Soc r c kd d ur ng r c h of m f o o wn g

h d h v r o u n g oo d wh ch h w ou d h v o b n d f h h d n o

d d T h w c ou d y wh h r w h nk four dm n on h h

m y x ng Socr ck g ood wh h no ong r v or w h

5 For further clarification, see M. Rea, Four-Dimensionalism, in MJ. Loux and

D W Z m m r m n d T h O x fo rd H n d bo ok o f M p hy c O xf or d U P 2 00 3 p p 2 46 8 1

6 D.-H. Ruben, 'A Puzzle about Posthumous Predication', Philosophical Review, 97 (1988),

p p 2 1 1 3 6

© 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 2 00 7 Th E d o r o f T h P h o o ph c Q u r r y





7/14

244STEVEN LUPER

Ru bn h Socr ck v r ou g ood w h h no ong r x n

No h n g my r o u h r

N vr h h rgu h w h v y o m k n o f p op n

cu rr ng h rm wh d d h u gg h o b c p b o f h rm h ng

mu h v c r n prop r om o fwh ch h d d ck n p r c u r h

d d ck prop r y h c r p on v n

h y h cr u r r pon v f nd on y f w b ng

m y b f fc d r n g fc r n cond on r m nd f ng f

c r n o h r cond on r m f no h ng c n b n n r

cr ur no r p on v So d fn d r p on v n no n r y

c r u nf or u n y f ur h r c r f c on of h n o on of r p on v n w

urn on pr c y wh m n by w b n g n d h n o on of w b n g

o f co ur h g h y co n ro v r c n no h o p o d f n d n c co un o f

w b ng hr W h h do n d k c h wh r pon v n com

o on c hof h h r n d rd c cou n o f w b n g T h c cou n r

c f d by D rk Prf n o hr yp h don d r f uf m n n d

ob c v ccoun 7

On hdon ccoun cr ur w b ng d rm nd by h v

of p ur n dp n xp r nc On h v w r pon v n

con n h c p c y o x p r nc p ur or p n For known

cr ur r p on v n n h n r qu r h v n g h o r o fn rvou

y m h g n r p u r or p n d p n d ng on pr v n gc rc um

nc H nc for x m p ygo wh ch n r y ck ny cogn v

pp r u unr p on v D r fu f mn h o r y h w b ng

m r of h fu f mn of cr n n d r nd h o hr h ng

b ng qu cr u r w b ng h gh r wh n h n d r

h r or w b m w h w b ng ow r wh n h n

d r h r or w b hw r d For h fu f mn h or r p on

v n con rough y nh vng or n h c p c y o h v n

d r nd o rqu r h v ng h k nd of cogn v pp r u h

u n d r Thu onc g n on h d r f uf m n h o ry ygo

unr p on v Ob c v h or xp n w b n g n rm o fv r ou

h ng h r o b c v y g ood h r g oodn no m r y m r of

h rp n n or h r fu f n gd r hough p ur nd d r

fu f m n p r h p w h c r n q u f c on m gh h m v b m ong

h d ob c v g ood A u mng h om h ng r ob c v y b d

uch p n h oo wou db r on w b n g Wh go on h of

good nd b d con rov r bu ny ob c v h or k y o

n c ud w oo fAr o x m p f r nd h p n d kno w dg T hu o h r

h ng b ng q u on w b n g h gh r wh n on d v o p or

7 See D. Parfit, Reasons and Persons (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), P. 4.

C 2 0 0 7 Th A u h or J ou rn c om p o n © 20 07 T h E d o r o f Th P h o o p h c Q u r r y





8/14

MORTAL HARM 245

n h nc f r n d h p or o n k no w d g o r o m o h r d g oo d

n d ow r wh n on fr n d h p n d or on o k now d g On h

v w r p on v n n vo v h c p c y fo rf r nd h p or kn ow d g

or o m o h r d m Bo h fr n d hp n d know d g r qu r

v ry oph c d m n f nd m k y h h w b r qu r

m n for m ny of h h ng h or nc ud g ood

Th p o on of on d m m gh w r qu r qu d ff r n

c p c f rom h o n d d f or h p o on of n o h r For x m p

r on by c r h cr ur m y b c pb of p ur w h ou b n g

c p b of h vng fr n d xp c h crocod c n n oy h m v y

c k h c p c y fo r h c om p x m o o n n r c on n vo v d n f r nd

h p h y h cr ur A r pon v r v o g ood or bd g

m f n don y fA h h c p c y for g nd h A r p on v

f n d on y f h r om g ood o rb d g u ch h A r p on v r

v o g Thu crocod r pon v r v o p ur b u no

r v o fr n d hp S n r p c o f h f orm r crocod r p on v

mp c r

c m h cr ur m yb h rm d m on y f r pon v

No h ng n r n c y o r x rn c y b d for cr ur un

r p on v n p r cu r c kng om g ood o rb d g no b d o r

good f or cr ur u n h c r u r r p on v

f h c m corr c h n wh cr ur m y b h r md by b ng

m d u nr p on v cr u r m yb h r m don y f r p on v L k

c roc od m y ho c n n dd o f o h v f r n d hp U n k h c roc o

d my h o cnno b h rm d no m r wh good ck

nv un r b y du o comp unr p on v n g nor r v

n of g oo d n wh ch ob c u ch h o m y h v g oo d wh n w

y h n m g ood x m p r of k nd on y f c r n c ond on r

m c r n d p r o n ord r o b good c r r v y w m gh y

go od f o r my c r o h v p r o

Wh r h mp c o n for h d d ? on h ng o y h

S ocr ck d v rou g ood w h d d nd n o hr o y h h ck of

v r ou g ood h r md h mwh h w d d A ho d o corp nd

h d u f w h n d c om po c k go od b u n o n cu rr ng h rm

h r by T h u nb or n r n o h r m dw h c kn g f 8 F or u b c A o

b h rm d m no n ough h A c k n good g A

mu b r p on v L vng p op m h c ond o n n dc n b

d p r v d of g oo d w h c or r p on d ng d p n w b n g w h h y r

v h o f h c on d o n n dc n n v r r y b d p r v d of go od

8 Pace P. Yourgrau, 'The Dead', Joumrnal of Philosophy, 86 (1987), pp. 84-1oi, repr. in Fischer

d Th M p hy c of D h p p 13 75 6

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246STEVEN LUPER

Th d d f h c ond on o o Wh h r w u nd r nd w b n g n h

w yh don d r h or or ob c v h or do no on r p on

v w h d d Th w b c y E pcuru p on ong

Sub q u n do no y h d pr v o n hrm con n ck ng o m

g oo d Ro ug hy h y y h A h rm d wh d p rv d of n g ood

w h ch A w ou d o h r w h v h d S h o c n n v r b d p r v d of g oo d h y

wou d oh rw h v f or h mp r on h h y c nno h v ny

go od n h f r p c So my r gu m n m y p p r r r v n H ow v r

my po n h ncurr ng h rm n ow r w b n g h c nno h p pn

wh w ck h c p c y for w f r wh w r n o r pon v ru

h h o c n no b d p rv d of goo d h y w ou d o h rw h v h d h y

cnno h v good Bu o ru h wh d d w c nno h v

g ood nd h nc ru h wh d d w c n no b d pr v dof good

w w ou d oh rw h v h d O ur r p on v n c u y of d h

B y h m ok n d h c nn o b r p on b f or d pr v on b n f

n c ur r d p o h u mo u y M c D ou g w ho w ou d o h r w h v h d n o h n g

n h rfu ur xc p u ff rng n df u r h mp d n h r

p H r d h pr c ud v n h wou d hv h r m dh r h d h

no d d Bu S h b r off d d n o r y r u J u on no

b n f d b y ck of p n n d f u r M cDoug no b n f d wh

d d b y h r c k of u ff r ng n d f u r n c h d d r n o r p on v

Mo r ov r f ro m h f c h d p rv on h rm o rb n f c n no b

n cu rr d w h w r d d f ur h r c on q u n c f o o w p o h u mo u

v n c n no b r p on b f or d pr v on h rm or b n f n cu rr d

f r w r d d

m gh pp r h my worr bou h u nr p on v n of h d d

r no r ou nc u b qu n m gh r gu fo ow ru h

Socr no r pon v w h d d bu h d o n o op u f rom m kng

good n of h p o b y h h d h w b d for hm wh h w

d d obv ou y po b h f or om p rod of m ub

qu n o h d h S ocr wou d h v n oy d f h v ng po v

n r n c v u f or Soc r d ur ng h d h n o d d w h n h d d T h

unr p on v n of h d d n no wy n r fr w h h po b y f

h unr p on v n of h d d prob m h n mu b b c u

om h ow pr c ud o ur y ng h S oc r n on x nc d u rn g h d

n n r n c v u of ro for So cr d ur ng Ad m d y w h n p r o n

d e ad a t t t a w kw a rd t o a y t h at n o n- e x t e nc e h a a v a u e o f z er o f o r t ha t

p r on dur ng Bu g v n h p u b y of h r u ng u b qu n

ccoun r o n b o p u h h v u ro

T h r w y o m k n of h v u of fu ur p r od of non

x nc f or p r on Th po b f w y h h ng h occur n my

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MORTAL HARM 247

future may advance or impede my interests now. (As for this latter position,

w cc p f w o y h now n my n r for my f who

o go w c nb for do ng w n h f uur h p m y f g ow nd

h n c my fu u r f ou r h ng b n f c o m n ow f o m h n g k h

corr c d p P rf ob c on h nw c nm k n o f h d h

o f ff r m y h v c r n v u f or p op w h h y r v

v n f do no h od un h y r d d n p r c u r ro m y or m y

no b h p r n v u of no x ng for o m on w ho now v

So f m v bu d d my non x nc m yw h v

v u p rh p ro for m Bu h d o n o h p ub q un Th y

n h m y non x n c h v u for m h wh m

d d y o confu h on w h h o h r How v r obv ou y

mpo b o mk n y n of of ff r h vng c r n v u

wh h r n r n c or x r n c f or p r on du rng o m m f h p r on

d d d ur ng h m P op r n o ong r r p on v h y r nc p b

o f v u ng w h nd d

concudethat ubequentt cannotbackthervew thatdeathcanbe

b d fo r p r o n po h um ou y W h c n b d v r yd ff r n n m y

r ou gh y h fo o wn g dy ng m x r n c y b d f or p r on A wh

A v f n don y fon h w ho h f A wou dh v h d f r h dA

no d d w ou d h v b n wo rh wh T h p o o n f orm of pr or

m n o u b q un m

My cr c m of u b qu n m h r n c oncurr n m w C r n y

p r ob e m a r e f w e a y t h a t p o t h um o u e v e nt a n d t he r d e p r v at o n h a r m

c n oc cu r m u n o u y T h p rob m of co ur h b y h m u ch

e v en t o c c u r n o th n g r e ma n n g o f u c a pa b e o f n c u r r n g ha r m O n e

m gh rgu nd d F d mn do h w urv v d h corp bu

a c o r p e n o t r e p on v e 9 We m g h t a o a r gu e a Yo ur g ra u d o e t ha t w e

are real while dead, but once again we are not responsive during that time,

owecannotncurharmthenButwhynot aythatdeathandt deprva-

on h rm c n occu r h m m ?

Theprobem thataunfed accountofdeprvatonharma trggeredby

d e at h a n d p o t hu m ou e v en t d e r a b e a n d a u t n o t ed t h e co n -

c u rr e nt t t o ry f o r p o t h um o u e v e nt u na c ce p ta b e L a m o nt v e r o n

basedonthe deathatensurngeventsareharmfu whch nturnsuggests

thatwe ncurtheharms mutaneousyw ththeoccurrenceoftheensurng

9 See Feldman, ' The Termination Thesis', Midwest Studies in Philosophy, 24 (2000), pp. 98-11 5.

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248STEVEN LUPER

v n S nc p o p c n n o n c ur d p r v o n h rm p o h um ou y L m on

mg h mod fy h v w H m gh d n gu h b w n n n d r c h rm

wh c h n o f h r mf u c on d o n b u r p on b f or o ur n c ur r ng

h r mfu c ond on n d d r c h rm w h ch h h r mfu c ond on f

L mon m gh r n n u rng v n nd r c y h rmfu nd y h h

d r c h rm ncurr d r r wh w r v nd r p on v

P ror m f u n c h d b y my c r q u M y c m w h no h ng

n rn c y or x rn c y b dfor u un w r r p on v Bu

h d o n o ru o u h p o b y h v n f w r d d ck ng

good b d for u wh w r v F or v ng b ng r r p on v

P ror y h w m y b h rm d by d h n d po h umou v n wh

w r v 10

wo ud b m po b o b h r m d by po h um ou v n wh w r

v f h on y w y n wh ch n v n c ou d f f c u w r b yh v ng

c u ff c o nu u mng h r no b ckw rd c u on Bu p o hu m

o u v n n d n o c h ng o ur n r n c p rop r n or d r o co nr bu o

h u o f ou rw b n g T h yc n b h r u hm k ng co nd on f or

p rop o on w h ch ho d wh w r v F c b ou h f u ur c n b

g n o ur pr n n r wh n h y r o ur w f r ow r h n

m gh h v b n Th f c h o mor row w h c kv r ou g oo d w h ch

m d r u o d y by v n h w n o oc cu ru n om orr ow m y b

g n ou rp r n n r n h v ng h o g oo d o mor row o h o ur

w b ng o dy ow r h n m gh h v b n

Fu ur v n c n b r on our pr n n r f h r or bo h of w o

u m p o n h o d

A h wh w r v n our n r for our v o go w

po b

2 A t e a t o m e n t er e t w e n ow h a v e ma y b e a d va n ce d o r m p e de d b y

of f f r h ho d n h f u ur

Th cond ump on p c y p u b m y ho d v n f h f r

do no A n u r on of 2 uppo h v m d o m pro c

c n r f oc u of my f S ur y n my n r n ow for my pr o c o b

b ro ug h o u cc f u c on c u o n n h f u ur S up po h o n y c n

1 0 S G P c h r T h M f o r un o f h D d A m r c n Ph o o ph c Q u r r y 2 1 1 98 4

p p 2 1 7 - 25 r e pr n F c h er e d T h e M et a ph y c o f D ea t h p p 9 - 34 S L u pe r P o t h um o u

H r m A m r c n P h o op h c Q u r r y 4 1 20 04 p p 6 3 72 D S c o A r o o n Po

h um ou F o r u n O xf or d S u d n A n c n P h o o p hy 1 8 2 0 0 0 p p 2 1 1 2 9

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MORTAL HARM 249

comp bu d pr m ur y My dy ng n ur h ru of m

h m y pro c w n o b b rou gh o fru on n d m h rm d h

wh h v n n r n f n hng my pro c for dur ng h m m y

w f r ow r h n wou d h v b n h d ucc d d my pro c

Now u ppo n d h w n r y f n h d w h my pro c w h n d d

n d w ou d h v b n c om p d b y my d u gh r f m y o n h d n o

d r oy d m ywo rk u f r d d H r m y o n c o n p o hu mo u

v n h h rm d m Th u d h n d po h um ou v n m y h rm u

wh w r v n h our w b n gm y b ow r h n m gh h v

b n p r yb c u o f h v n Bu f 2 ru n d f h m

w h n m h r m d by m y f d p ro c m y b m or f o cu d d u r ng u c h

m h v no k non h p ro c m y n r r no f fc d by h

f c h w f o my d h do n o h rm m h n

On h p ro r v w d h n d po h um ou v n f n o g rou p of

occu rr nc h h v wo ch r c r c h v n occur on m nd

w n cu rh rm fr om h m n oh r n d h v c m n v r w r of n

cu rr ng h h rm T h g ro up n o r y my r ou f m r k nd of

x mp h ow c cd n y cu S p m n of fw h d r v ng n dSp m n

w g b c k m n x m on h by co nv nc ng m yf n c h m

n oo rou n r n on c rm n w h on d o b u nd r co n n u rv

n c Sh w m rry m n wo mon h b u h w o h m pr nd ng

h wh h h o v m much h do n ow n h x mp

fu ur v n gr y ff c m y pr n n r um ng h now n my

n r o h v m y f nc o v w o mo nh f ro mn ow y d on o no c

h mp c o nmy pr n w b n g

W c n o b f u y w r o f h h r mfu u p ho wh ch d h n d po

h um ou v n p r n y h v S up po m n f or m d by m y ph y c n h

h v o ny w k o v R gh n ow m fu y w r o f h rr b mp c

w hc hm yd h w k f ro mn ow h v ng on my pr n n r Su p

po fur hr h co gu v m on my d h bd nd m h h

o n h b ook m nu c rp m n o pu b h n d h g ong o d r oy

w k f r d m now w r o f f ur h r bow o my pr n n r

nd h m p o hum ou v n r p on b for

V

c n n ow u r n o n d f n m c co rd n g o w h ch d h n d p o h um ou

v n h rm u b u n o ny d fn m mo f mou p ropon n

Thom N g who p o o n cr c d by Ju n L mon nd N F

on h g round h mp h om v n k p c b u no pr cu r

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250STEVEN LUPER

time. But William Grey defends Nagel, arguing that on Lamont s objection,

nd fn m mp h h r r w y of b ng h rm d uch h h h rm

n cu rr d no m w h v r A cc ord ng o G r y o y h o m

u nd r nd N g nd Gr y nd fn po on wh ch h h

m or h r m n cu rr d d ur n g r c h of m h h b u rr y bo un d r

H ow v r o u nd r o od n d f n m d o n o c om p w h c o nc ur r n

m u b q u n m o r pr or m G r y b r n d of n d f n m c or r c o n y

f u b q u n m p r or m o r po b y con cu rr n m r u w

r n m n x c p on nc rn y h no bound r o b ur f or

v n p r od of m w h b ur ry d g m u o cc ur b for f r o r h

m m d h G r y hm f u pp m n h b ur ry bo und r y n d fn

m w h v r o n of u b q u n m h y w n cu rm or h rm d ur ng

p r o d of m h o cc ur p o h u mo u y n d h b u rr y bo un d r T h

po on h v hown un n b b u no ob c o n o comb n ng

b u rr y b ou nd r y n d f n m w h p r o r m

Gr y no h o ny o r of n df n m A no h r yp y h wh w

d o nc ur mor h rm h r no c r n w r o h qu o nw h nw d o

o mo r c n p ropon n H rry S v r n B u S v r n do no

m k c on vn cn gc fo rh no n w r v r on of n d f n m

H h no r gum n g n pr or m n f c p r or m n r y c on

n w h hr of h b c ump on S v r n m k n h v rou

c r c m o f p ro po n n n d o pp on n o f Ep c u r n m

Pr or m obv ou y con n w h S v r n ump on b d

VCF h n m m y hv om v u for p r on Aon y f x

o m m f c u n o m r y po b o o b po b o b c

of A f ng po v o rn g v Of cour S v r n x pr

VCF n h r u ppor nor oppo h p o on h ny h ng c u m y

h rm u y d ow n n c r yc on d o n wh ch d h n d o h r c u

v n m nd do no m p y h h ng w m gh f b d y bou uch

d h r y r b d for u

b Pr or m o con n w h S v r n f our dm n on m

wh ch h u o x p n h ow p r on A m y k ob c of A f ng

v n h w no o ccur un A h d d n d d h v hown f our

d m n o n m m y b u d o c r fy how po h um ou o f ff r

p ro vd h ru h c on d o n f or f c h f f c ou rw b n g wh v

c F n y p ror m con n w h S v r n v w h from A

po n of v wwh d d m n o f v u r mpo b nc A do

no x o b h r c p n o f good o r v Th E v o fD h p p 95 6

T h n r y con n w h h po b y h b c u o fpo humou

v n A h r c p n of good or v wh v H vng r c d

1 On exists, see Silverstein, The Evil of Death Revisited, p 124

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MORTAL HARM 251

m n m d f ro m h n dp on o f h d d S v r n co nc ud

h w c nno m k n of h q u on Wh h v u f or Aof h

o f ff r n wh ch A n o on g r v ? B u S v r n c on cu o n

d o n o f o ow A u nr p on v n w h d d d o n o ru ou

m n o f A f n m d from A po n of v wwh v f g

A n ow w h o f n h p ro c o mo rr ow h m g h n ow n b y d p o r

h f cond on o morrow nc w m k mpo b for h m o

c o n n u h f fo r

Y S v r n r c pr or m A f r c m n g p 121 h VCF c om

m u o y ng h h m of A f h p c u w hr p c

o po h um ou g oo d n d v h d d h f o ow ng n f oo no fn 6

cf. fn. 13):

My n dor m n of h p c u o f h m o fA f no n nd d o mp y

h my c coun n w r o h q u on Wh n A d h n v for A? mu b

Du rn g h m o f A f w ou d pr f r o y h m y cc ou n u pp or h

f o ow n g mo r c om p c d v w

Th m wh ch h v f n m y A d h occur mm d y

fo o w ng A f

2 S nc cr b ng h v o A rqu r h f our d m n on fr m work n

m por v n h n d fn d n Th E v of D h

3. The time during which this evil can be an object of As negative feelings ... is the

m d ur ng wh ch A v

4. (I), (2), and (3) comprise the whole truth about time in this case.

For n h w yw r n v 3 h cruc d h h m of A f h p c

u w h ou b n gc om m d o h n u v y o dd v w h x c n b b d f or A

b for x f x

Sv r n no ugg h h qu on A wh m d h bd for

A ? h n o nw r y A d h b d for Anon h Bu urn

ou h h o ny d f nc f or pr f rr ng n d f n m ov r pr or m h h

r od d N od ou b p ror m w m od d Ho wv r h p p r nc

d u o h mpr on h n b ckw rd c u on Snc h

n o uc h mp c on u pp o d od dn d o n o c on u g rou nd fo r

r c n g And un k n o n w r nd f n m p ror m n b u o p n

do wn m w h n w n cu r mo r h r m 2

T rn y U n v r y T x

12 I am grateful to anonymous referees for their helpful comments on a draft. I also thank

J oh nF H Jr n d Ad m M r f or d c u o n w h d b ou h o pc

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