Motivating Students Motivating Students in Distance Educationin Distance Education

Association for Educational Association for Educational Communication & TechnologyCommunication & Technology

National ConventionNational ConventionNovember 14, 2002November 14, 2002

Distance EducationDistance Education

DropoutsDropouts

FinanceFinance Lack of timeLack of time IsolationIsolation Self disciplineSelf discipline Lack of motivationLack of motivation

Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation

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Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation

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Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation

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Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation

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Keller’s ARCS Model of Keller’s ARCS Model of MotivationMotivation

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AttentionAttention

AttentionAttention

Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal

AttentionAttention

Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal

Inquiry ArousalInquiry Arousal

AttentionAttention

Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal

Inquiry ArousalInquiry Arousal

VariabilityVariability

Attention Attention

Perceptual Arousal Perceptual Arousal–Put something in upside down to get Put something in upside down to get

attention. attention.

AttentionAttention

Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal– Put something in upside down to get Put something in upside down to get

attention.attention.

AttentionAttention

Perceptual ArousalPerceptual Arousal– Animation, videosAnimation, videos

AttentionAttention

Inquiry ArousalInquiry Arousal– Discussion questionsDiscussion questions

AttentionAttention

VariabilityVariability– Use a variety of instructional strategies Use a variety of instructional strategies – Vary the assignments: essay, discussion, Vary the assignments: essay, discussion,

chat…chat…

AttentionAttention

Your IdeasYour Ideas

RelevanceRelevance

Goal OrientationGoal Orientation

Motive MatchingMotive Matching

FamiliarityFamiliarity

RelevanceRelevance

Goal OrientationGoal Orientation– Include a course mapInclude a course map– Review course map periodicallyReview course map periodically

RelevanceRelevance

Motive MatchingMotive Matching– Make sure visuals are Make sure visuals are

relevant to student relevant to student and topic.and topic.

RelevanceRelevance

Motive MatchingMotive Matching– Get to know your students quickly & use Get to know your students quickly & use

their names frequently.their names frequently.

RelevanceRelevance

Motive MatchingMotive Matching– Respond to discussion messages quickly Respond to discussion messages quickly – In large chats, have students “raise hands”In large chats, have students “raise hands”

RelevanceRelevance

FamiliarityFamiliarity– Use familiar terms for course components Use familiar terms for course components

and assignmentsand assignments» Class sessionsClass sessions» HomeworkHomework» Bulletin BoardBulletin Board» LecturetteLecturette

RelevanceRelevance

FamiliarityFamiliarity– Invite a well-known “speaker”Invite a well-known “speaker”

RelevanceRelevance

Your IdeasYour Ideas

ConfidenceConfidence

Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements

Success OpportunitiesSuccess Opportunities

Personal ControlPersonal Control

ConfidenceConfidence

Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements– Orientation to class and to technologyOrientation to class and to technology

ConfidenceConfidence

Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements– Detailed objectives & Detailed objectives & grading criteriagrading criteria

ConfidenceConfidence

Learning RequirementsLearning Requirements– Examples of assignmentsExamples of assignments

» Good examplesGood examples» Poor examples with correctional feedbackPoor examples with correctional feedback

Confidence Confidence

Success OpportunitiesSuccess Opportunities– Early access to material.Early access to material.– Early use of tools.Early use of tools.– Establish learning communities.Establish learning communities.

ConfidenceConfidence

Personal ControlPersonal Control– Personal/Professional profilePersonal/Professional profile

ConfidenceConfidence

Personal ControlPersonal Control– Allow chat time for off-topic & social Allow chat time for off-topic & social

interaction.interaction.– Disappearing group member: file a Disappearing group member: file a

“Missing Person Report”“Missing Person Report”

ConfidenceConfidence

Your IdeasYour Ideas

SatisfactionSatisfaction

Natural ConsequencesNatural Consequences

Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards

EquityEquity

SatisfactionSatisfaction

Natural ConsequencesNatural Consequences– Authentic assignments that can be used in Authentic assignments that can be used in

the learners’ contexts.the learners’ contexts.– Conferencing with experts in the fieldConferencing with experts in the field

SatisfactionSatisfaction

Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards– Use first names or nicknamesUse first names or nicknames– Use reinforcing phrasesUse reinforcing phrases– Learning communitiesLearning communities

SatisfactionSatisfaction

Extrinsic RewardsExtrinsic Rewards– Personal email, motivational messagesPersonal email, motivational messages

SatisfactionSatisfaction

EquityEquity– Work for course is attainableWork for course is attainable

» Review the requirementsReview the requirements

– Course completion by distance is of equal Course completion by distance is of equal value to completion F2Fvalue to completion F2F

SatisfactionSatisfaction

Your IdeasYour Ideas

Dropout PreventionDropout Prevention

AAttentionttention

RRelevanceelevance

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