NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME
NATIONAL CANCER CONTROL PROGRAMME SUBMITTED BY-NITTI
PATHAKMBA-HM (Semester 1)Jamia Hamdard
INTRODUCTION Cancer is an important public health problem with 8
to 9 lakh cases occurring every year in India. Estimated number of
persons with cancer in India : 2.8 million (ICMR)At any point of
time, there are nearly 25 lakh cases in India. Every year about 4
lakh deaths occur due to cancer in India.40% of the cancers in the
country are related to tobacco use.WHO promoted National Cancer
Control Programmes and India is one of the few countries that has
actively taken up this initiative including Colombia, Ireland,
Korea, Australia.
2RISK FACTORS AND CAUSESAccording to epidemiological studies,
80-90% of all cancers are due to environmental factors of which,
lifestyle related factors are the most important and preventable.
Causation of cancer is multi-factorial. Environmental
Factors:Tobacco: In India more than 40% of cancer cases are due to
tobacco. Smoking is by far the leading risk factor for lung
cancerAlcoholDietary factorsOccupational exposures: 5% of all human
cancers includes exposure to benzene, arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
asbestos, polycyclic hydro carbons. Viruses: Hepatitis B & C
may lead to hepatic cancer. HIV virus may lead to Kaposi Sarcoma.
Customs, habits & lifestyleOthers: sunlight, etc.Genetic
factors: Mongols are more likely to develop cancer(leukemia) than
normal childrenOBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF NCCP4EVOUTION OF CANCER
PROGRAMME5SCHEMES UNDER REVISED PROGRAMMERecognition of New
Regional Cancer Centres:reduce the geographical gap in the
availability of cancer care facilities.A one-time grant of Rs.5
crores provided for New RCCsStrengthening of existing Regional
Cancer Centres:grant of Rs.3.00 crores is provided.Development of
Oncology Wing: Govt. Hospitals & Govt. Medical Colleges are
provided a grant of Rs.3 croresDistrict Cancer Control Programme: A
cluster of 2-3 districts are taken for prevention, early detection,
minimal treatment and provision of supportive cancer care at
district levels. A grant of Rs.90.00 lakhs spread over a period of
5 years is provided per DCCP .Decentralized NGO Scheme:A grant of
Rs. 8000/- per camp will be provided to the NGOs for IEC
activities. 6CENTRE AND LEVEL OF CAREREGIONAL CANCER CENTREHealth
Promotion/Home Care/Early Detection/Pain Relief/Palliative
Care/Comprehensive Cancer treatment/ Organise screening
programmes/Cytology training/ Basic and applied research/Training
of all categories of personnel/Cancer
Registries/EpidemiologyMEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITALHealth
Promotion/Home Care/Early Detection/ Pain Relief/Palliative Care/
Treatment of common cancers/Training of medical
officers/paramedical personnelDISTRICT HOSPITALHealth
Promotion/Home Care/Early Detection/Pain Relief/Palliative
Care/Treatment of common cancersTALUK HOSPITAL/SUB DISTRICT
HOSPITALHealth Promotion/Home Care/Early Detection/Pain
Relief/Palliative Care
NATIONAL CANCER REGISTRY PROGRAMME (NCRP)Data base of cancer
cases.National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) was initiated in
1982 by ICMR, which gives a picture of the magnitude and patterns
of cancer. There are two types of registries:Population-based
registries take the sample population in a geographically defined
area Hospital-based registries take the data from patients coming
to a particular health institution. At present we have 21
Population-based registries and 6 Hospital-based registries all
over the country.OBJECTIVE OF NCRPTo generate reliable data on the
magnitude and pattern of cancerUndertake epidemiological studies
based on results of the registry data Help in designing, planning,
monitoring and evaluation of the cancer control activities under
the National Cancer Control ProgrammeDevelop training programmed in
the cancer registration and epidemiology
CANCER SCENARIOS IN INDIA
10PATTERN OF CAUSES FOR CANCER
CANCER ATLASUnder national registry programme, Indian Council of
Medical Research (ICMR) has developed an atlas of cancer in India
under the NCDIR in December 1981. In 2001, data from all cancer
registries and all medical colleges were collected for the
Development of an Atlas of Cancer in India to have an idea of
patterns of cancers in several other parts of the country,
including those not covered under the NCRP.
OBJECTIVE OF CANCER ATLASTo know the similarities and
differences in patterns of cancer across the country in a
relatively cost-effective way using recent advances in computer and
information technology transmission. Using the information to
provide important leads in undertaking aetiological research, in
targeting cancer control measures and in examining clinical
outcomes.To calculate estimates of cancer incidence wherever
feasible.
13COMMONEST CANCER TYPES IN INDIAData from population based
registries under the National Cancer Registry Programme indicate
that the leading sites of cancer among men are cancer of oral
cavity, lungs, oesophagus and stomach and among women are cancer of
uterine cervix, breast and oral cavity. Oral and lung cancers in
males and cervix and breast in females account for over 50% of all
cancer deaths in India
FIRST ALL INDIA REPORT:2001-2002Average Annual Crude (CR) and
Age Adjusted Incidence Rates (AAR) per 100,000 population in Indian
PBCRs during the time period indicated in parentheses.
Leading cancer site in different cities
Male Female Ten Leading Sites of Cancer in DelhiAge Adjusted
Incidence Rates given in parentheses
TOBACCO CONTROL LEGISLATIONS40% of the cancers in the country
are related to tobacco use.Cancer sites associated with tobacco
form 35 to 50% of all cancers in men and about 17% of cancers in
womenCigarettes and tobacco products (prohibition of advertisements
and regulation of trade and commerce, production, supply and
distribution) act was passed by Govt. of India April,2003 and
noticed in the Gazette of India on 25thFeb,2004.
IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF PROHIBITIONProhibition of smoking in
public placesProhibition of direct and indirect advertisement of
cigarettes and other tobacco products Prohibition of sale of
cigarettes and other tobacco products to a person below the age of
18 years
ACHIEVEMENTS (as on June2008)Regional Cancer Centres:27 RCCs and
6 NGOs giving comprehensive cancer care services.Oncology
wing:Support given to 82 institutes(both Govt. and non-Govt.).246
institutions with radiotherapy facilities.District Cancer Control
Programme:Awareness and early detection at district level in place
at 28 districts.IEC Activities:Health educationThe programme
supports activities of health magazine Kalyani and telecast by
Prasar Bharti. Kalyani is telecast in 9 capital Doordarshan
stations-and 12 sub regional stations.Advertisements in the leading
dailies.IEC material in posters, leaflets, flipcharts forms etc.
developed.
21DISTRIBUTION OF REGIONAL CANCER CENTRES IN INDIA
HEALTH MINISTERS CANCER PATIENT FUND UNDERRANThe health
ministers cancer patient fund (HMCPF) within the Rashtriya Arogya
Nidhi (RAN) scheme has also been set up in 2009.An amount of Rs.
11.40 crore has been released so far during last 3 years to the
cancer patients under the Health Ministers Cancer Patient Fund
within Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN)
NATIONAL CANCER AWARENESS DAYSince,2001, The birth anniversary
of Nobel Laureate Madam Curie (7th NOV) is observed as National
Cancer in India to create more awareness about cancer. The theme is
Detect Early, Save Life.
24Onconet-INDIA
25MEMBERSHIP OF IARCIndia became a member of IARC at the 48th
Session of the governing Council of IARC held in May 2006 at Lyon,
France, which shall provide a boost to cancer research in the
country. IARC has provided technical and financial support for
several cancer research and preventive projects in India.26BUDGET
ALLOCATIONMinistry has formulated a National Programme for
Prevention and Control of Cancers, Diabetes, Cardiovascular
Diseases and Stroke (NPCDCS).The outlay for Cancer is Rs. 731.52
crores from the total outlay of Rs. 1230.90 crores for NPCDCS
during 2010-11 & 2011-12. There is 80:20 sharing basis by
Centre & State Govt. respectively.
27REFRENCE:A NOVEL COMPREHENSIVE INTEGRATED MODEL FOR CANCER
CONTROL P.S.Prabhakaran, P.P.Bapsy, Aruna E.Prasad,U.D.Bafna and
Kunwraswamy.50 Years of Cancer Control in India-CANCER PREVENTION
AND CONTROL IN INDIA BY-Cherian Varghese.National Cancer Control
Programme-Guidelines issued by Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare,GOI,May2005.50 Years of Cancer Control in India-CANCER
REGISTRATION IN INDIA by- Kishore Chaudhry & Usha K.
Luthra.http://www.canceratlasindia.org/http://www.mohfw.nic.in/index1.php?lang=1&level=2&sublinkid=323&lid=323http://www.who.int/cancer/nccp/en/
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