Nationalism Challenges Conservative Power

I can compare/contrast

the rise of nationalism in

German & Italian states.

I can define the characteristics of nationalism.

1st European country to win self-rule• Former part of Ottoman Empire (which was

crumbling at this time, but not fully until 1918)Cause of Greek independence was

popular throughout Europe Major powers such as

Britain/Russia/France recognize an independent Greece in 1830.

Congress of Vienna? There were ethnic uprisings in:

• France• Prussia (Germany, Austria)• Italy• Greece• Poland• Hungary

But revolutionaries failed to unite the nations, so they actually took a step backwards.

1800’s still under feudalism Due to old ways, Russia was falling

behind other European countriesAlexander II- freed serfs, 1861

Nationalism encouraged industrialism, and also ethnic groups wanting their own nations.

Austria- lost the Austro-Prussian war in 1866; split Austria and Hungary into independent states

Russia- Russification- forced culture on all ethnic groups

Ottoman- Turks felt superior to other ethnic groups; genocide against Armenians 1894-1896; 1915

Strength or Weakness?

Weakness leads to desperate measures.

Camillo Cavour – Prime minister of Sardinia• Allied with Napoleon III, brought revolution and

unity in N. ItalyGiuseppe Garibaldi – unified S. ItalyCavour invaded Papal states, so S. voted

to unite w/Cavour and N. ItalyNational unification of Italy, but still culturally, economicallydividedCapital = Rome

German Confederation – loose union of German states; Prussia – largest; Austria –head of confederation

Otto von Bismarck- Prussia’sPrime Minister• Realpolitik – seek advantage fornation-state by any means,including war and breaking treaties• Wanted to go to war to unifyGermany under Prussian rule

Destiny of the weak is to be devoured by the strong.

• 7 Weeks War – Bismarck & Prussia against Austria. (Here they go again!)

Treaty ending the war set up a united Germany under Prussian control

• Franco-Prussian War – Napoleon III declared war on Prussia.

• Southern German states (not yet united w/the rest of Germany) sided w/Prussia because disliked France. Defeated France and all German states now unified• Following Franco-Prussian War all

German States unified. • Germany now an Empire w/Kaiser

Wilhelm I as emperor

Strengthened Industry

Tried to crush opposition parties

Bismarck’s policies left Germany strong, but w/o parliamentary democracy. When Wilhelm I died, his son succeeded him (Wilhelm II) and dismissed Bismarck (1890)

Balance of Power- Undone• GOODBYE CONGRESS OF VIENNA• Britain, France, Austria, Prussia and Russia no

longer equal• Britain and Germany = strongest• France = middle• Austria and Russia = weak

1. Which aging empires suffered from the forces of nationalism?

2. What advantages did Prussia have in leading the German states to unity?

3. How can nationalism be both a unifying and a disunifying force?

This week, we begin to take our first weekly quiz

This reiterates the information you were supposed to learn this week

Each quarter, I will drop your lowest quiz grade

A. Imperialism B. Nationalism C. Social Darwinism D. Colonialism