network basics.ppt

7/28/2019 network basics.ppt

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NETWORKING

&ROUTING

CONCEPTS


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Networking Host based networks

The processing is performed on onecomputer system with attached un-intelligent dumb terminals

e.g. PRS network


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Networking Master-Slave networks

The entire processing is done at Mastercomputer, the slave computers arecapable of limited local applicationprocessing such as editing and

validation.e.g. FOIS network


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Networking Client-Server networks

This is also called as domain model

Application processing processing isdivided between client and server

Here client requests and serverresponds for services

e.g. Railnet


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Networking Peer to peer networks

This is also called as work group model

All computers in peer to peer networkare equal capacity

Any computer can request and anycomputer can provide the service


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Network devices NIC card

Hub

Switch

Router


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NIC The Network interface card is an

add-on card inserted intoexpansion slots on the

motherboard of a computer Currently, the most common

types of NIC used in the homeare Ethernet and wirelessEthernet cards.


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HUB

A hub is a device into whichyou can connect all devices ona home network so that they

can talk together.Hubs physically cross-connects all their ports withone another

Hub always supports broadcasting.


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Switch

A switch is also a device intowhich you can connect all deviceson a home network so that theycan talk together.

Switch is an intelligent device andit can be configured

Unlike a hub, it does not supportsbroadcasting always

But initially Switch also supportsbroadcasting


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Router Router is a device which is used to

enable communication possiblebetween two or more differentnetworks present in differentgeographical locations.

Router is having LAN ports (e0)and WAN ports (s0)

Router has got its own operatingsystem called as IOS


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Types Of Cables

Coaxial Cable

Twisted Pair able

Fiber Optic Cable


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NetworkingAll the devices in the network should

have unique identity or address

There are two types of address areused in the network

Physical address or hardware address

or Media access address (MAC) Logical address or software address or

IP address


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Networking Every NIC card will have its unique MAC

address burnt in its ROM chip

The MAC address is a 48 bit addressrepresented in 6 bytes hexadecimalform

e.g. 00-01-80-53-1C-0F


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Networking The IP address is a 32 bit address

represented in 4 bytes decimal form

e.g. 10.195.51.46

There are two types of IP address used

Public IP address

Private IP address


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Networking Public IP address are used only in public networks such as

Internet

e.g. 202.43.219.47 (yahoo.co.in) Private IP address are used in intranets such as Railnet

e.g. 10.195.2.19 (IRISET railnet website) The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) defined

Standard private network address are10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) definedStandard Local loop back address as127.0.0.1

The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) definedStandard automatic private IP address (APIPA) are169.254.0.0 -169.254.255.255


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Networking Every IP address is a combination of

network ID and Host ID

e.g. 10.195.2.19 is having two parts

i. 10.195.0.0 is a network ID

ii. 0.0.2.19 is a Host ID

This Net ID is extracted from IP addressusing Subnet Masking


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Networking Masking is a bit wise ANDing process

with IP address to extract Network

address or Net ID. IP address is represented as

10.195.2.19/16

IP address is 10.195.2.19

Subnet mask is 255.255.0.0


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Networking How to get Net ID from IP address

using subnet masking

10.195.2.19 (00001010.11000011.00000010.00010011)

255.255.0.0 (11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000)

Bitwise ANDing is done to get Net ID

10.195.0.0 (00001010.11000011.00000000.00000000)

The same is represented as 10.195.2.19 / 16


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NetworkingAs far as the computers are connected

with in the same network, a router is

not required. When computers of different networks

are to be interconnected, then a routeris required

A router is a device to inter connectdifferent networks


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Networking The routing is done based on routing

tables.

The routing tables can be built in 3ways

Static routing

Dynamic routing

Default routing


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Networking

The default routing is used in Internet

i.e. it is used when the destination network is

un-known In static routing manually the routed

networks are defined

In dynamic routing using below mentioned

protocols the routed networks are defined RIP (routing information protocol)

OSPF (open shortest path first)


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Networking

Typical static routing

e0 e0e0

s0s0s1 s1

HYB MAS SBC

At HYB ip address of e0 is 192.168.1.1 / 24ip address of s0 is 10.0.0.1 / 16

At MAS ip address of e0 is 192.168.2.1 / 24ip address of s1 is 10.0.0.2 / 16ip address of s0 is 10.1.0.1 / 16

At SBC ip address of e0 is 192.168.3.1 / 24ip address of s1 is 10.1.0.2 / 16


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Networking


e0 e0e0

s0s0s1 s1

HYB MAS SBC

At HYB network address of e0 is 192.168.1.0network address of s0 is 10.0.0.0

At MAS network address of e0 is 192.168.2.0network address of s1 is 10.0.0.0network address of s0 is 10.1.0.0

At SBC network address of e0 is 192.168.3.0network address of s1 is 10.1.0.0

192.168.1.0

10.1.0.010.0.0.0

192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0


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static routing

e0 e0e0

s0s0s1 s1

HYB MAS SBC

In static routing unknown networks are defined Networks which are indirectly connected to the router

are called unknown networks.

At HYB unknown networks are192.168.2.0 , 10.1.0.0, 192.168.3.0 At MAS unknown networks are

192.168.1.0, 192.168.3.0 At SBC unknown networks are

192.168.2.0, 10.0.0.0, 192.168.1.0

192.168.1.0

10.1.0.010.0.0.0

192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0


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192.168.1.0


e0 e0e0

s0s0s1 s1

HYB MAS SBC

At HYB ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s0ip route 10.1.0.0 255.255.0.0 s0

ip route 192.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0At MAS ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s1ip route 191.168.3.0 255.255.255.0 s0

At SBC ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 s1ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 s1

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 s1

192.168.1.0

10.1.0.010.0.0.0

192.168.2.0 192.168.3.0


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THANK YOU

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network basics.ppt