Notes on Rhesus

8/22/2019 Notes on Rhesus

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ExEmplaria ClassiCa

Journa of Cassca Phoogy15, 2011, pp. 47-111issn 1699-3225

Fecha e recepcn: 15/11/2010Fecha e aceptacn y versn na: 26/03/2011

summary

Ths s a set of phoogca notes on the

text of [Eurpes] Rhesus. They are n-tene as a companon to my forthcomngcommentary on the pay (Oxfor Unvers-ty Press, 2012). They are concerne manywth textua probems: they scuss manus-crpt varants an oer, where possbe,new emenatons. They aso ncue somemetrca scussons.

KEywords

Textua crtcsm; Greek metre; Greek tra-gey; Pseuo-Eurpes, Rhesus.

rEsumEn

En este artcuo se presenta una sere e

notas ogcas a texto e [Eurpes]Rhesus. Se trata e un addendum a mprxmo comentaro e esta obra (OxforUnversty press, 2012). Son funamen-tamente notas sobre probemas textuaes:se scuten varantes textuaes y se ofrece,cuano es posbe, nuevas conjeturas. Tam-bn se ncuyen agunas scusones sobremtrca.

palabrasClavE

Crtca textua; mtrca grega; trageagrega; Pseuo-Eurpes, Rhesus.

notEsonRhesus1

vayos liapis

Open Unversty of [email protected]

The foowng notes are compementary to my forthcomng commentaryon Rhesus (Oxfor Unversty Press, 2012), to whch they are meant to serve

as a companon. They are concerne many wth textua probems, oerngscussons thereof an, occasonay, new emenatons. To an extent, theyaso am to correct recent msconceptons of textua an metrca matters.

Text an apparatus (the atter sometmes sghty moe) are reproucefrom James dgges exceent OCT2.

1 i am eepy gratefu to Professors James dgge an dav Kovacs, an to three anony-mous referees for Exemplaria Classica, a of whom oere suggestons that mprove thepaper on a number of ponts. Naturay, none of these schoars can be he responsbe for the

use i have mae of ther avce, or for any errors of fact or jugement contane n ths paper.2 J. dgge (e.), Euripidis Fabulae, Oxfor 1994, 3, 427-79.


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1. Rh., Hypothess (a) 4-6

|5 |6 6 VQ : Ao 5-6 - e.g. dgge

doon, who respone to (Hectors) request, was sent o ... whe aspace n the encampment was set apart for hm (=Rhesus?)

dgges exempli gratia suggeston s brant: (Hector) sent (doon) oto the (enemy) encampment sguse as a beast, havng set a rewar forhm. it has, however, the rawback of makng doons sguse part of

Hectors orers, when t s n fact doons own ea (cf. Rh. 201-15). Moremportanty, t says nothng about Rhesus subsequent arrva, an mportantan spectacuar scene.

i propose (agan exempli gratia, nevtaby): 3, after he ha sent o (doon), Hector amtte to hs presence Rhesus,who arrve shorty afterwars, an emarcate a space n the (Trojan)encampment especay for hm (.e. Rhesus); cf. Rh. 518-20, where Hectorpromses to show Rhesus a space away from the marshae troops; theeta s mportant for the pot, snce Rhesus cut-o bvouac w factate hs

murer. The resutng hatus ( ) can be easy avoeby reang . For = amt to ones presence cf. Poyb. 21.35.5. My suppement gosses overHectors nta reuctance to accept Rhesus as a beate ay (319-32), but theomsson wou be acceptabe n a summary.

2. Rh., Hypothess (a) 15-18

|16

|17

-|1815 [ papyrus: Ao 16 [] [] pap: (-V) 17-18 [ ] [] [] pap: ( Ao : Q : om. spat. uac. recto V) ( om. V)

3 For the causua |n Hypotheses see J. dgge, Rhythmca prose n the

Eurpean hypotheses, n G. Bastann & A. Casanova (es.), Euripide e i papiri: Atti delconvegno ... Firenze 10-11 giugno 2004, Forence 2005, 27-67 (here 31).


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When Hector came aong to see for hmsef what ha happene,the woune keeper of Rhesus horses came (?) that the murerwas commtte by the agency of Hector.

in 17-18, s the reang of PSIXii 1286 co. 17; but contrvesor evses s hary approprate as a escrpton of the charoteers accu-satons (Rh. 835-55). Moreover, not ony s the hatus namssbe4, the tense s aso unesrabe, snce ths author seems to avothe hstorc present.5 The meeva mss gve he says that the murer wascommtte through the agency of Hector hmsef an nferor versonatogether, cf. especay the banazng as oppose to the chocer. At any rate, n both versons, (pap.) or (mss.) are factuay naccurate: the charoteer oes not

accuse Hector of actuay beng the agent of Rhesus murer, but ony ofhavng mastermne t. Recs of the orgna uox propria may be preserven : e.g. { } 6, note that seems to be the ony verb ths author aows,for reasons uncear, to appear n the hstorc present; cf. Hyp. (a) 21-2dgge . St, one may attempt toemen such presents away; here, one mght envsage, for nstance, { } 7.

3. Rh. 16-19

[X. . E. . ; X. . E. ,] ;16-18 e. dgge (post 15 fort. ac. ncana est propter hatum) 1 7 LQ : OV 17n (ante ) . O: paragr. L: om. VQ [X. . E.] dnorf, X. , . E. Jackson

4 On the tenency to avo hatus, except after prepostves, where t s vena, see W. S.Barrett, CQ 15, 1965, 62 n. 1 = W.S. Barrett, Greek Lyric, Tragedy, and Textual Criticism:Collected Papers, e. M. l. West, Oxfor 2007, 442 n. 4; contra W. luppe,Philologus 120,1976, 15, an 127, 1983, 139 n. 19; the atter s crtcse by J. dgge, Euripidea: Collected Es-says, Oxfor 1994, 332 n. 19.

5 See W. S. Barrett, CQ 15, 1965, 61 n. 2 = Barrett,Papers (supra, n. 4) 441 n. 3.6 For the causua n Hypotheses see J. dgge, Rhythmca prose (supra,

n. 3) 37 (no. 5).7 For the causua(the commonest Cceronan causua, cretc + sponee) see

J. dgge, Rhythmca prose (supra, n. 3) 29-30 (no. 1). For (as oppose to ) as ths

authors favourte form cf. W. luppe,Anagennesis 3, 1983, 198; idem,Philologus 127, 1983,136; both cte by J. dgge, Rhythmca prose (supra, n. 3) 55 n. 60.


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(Chorus) Have courage! (hECtor) i o have courage! Has there beena nght ambush? (Ch.) No. (hE.) Why then have you abanoneyour watch-post an are strrng up the army uness you have somenght-report to make?

dvson of an anapaestc metron between two speakers ()occurs agan at 17 an, perhaps, at 5618, but s otherwse paraee ony twcen tragey: S. Tr. 977, 9919, an [E.] IA 2-3 . The IA, whch s especay akn to our passage, s nterpoate 10.dgge excses nes 16-18, but as he s aware ths eaves us wth an unkeyhatus between n 15 an n 1911. Athough 18 reappears amostverbatm as 37b-38a, t s surey (pace dgge) the atter passage that snterpoate (thus dobree12): 18 makes perfect sense n a context n whch

Hector berates the guars for abanonng ther posts (cf. 20-2); ess so n37-8 where Hector s merey tryng to make sense of the chorus utterances.What s more, n 16 s nspensabe n vew of n35.

An uneservey forgotten souton s Bahams X. . .{} ; | X. . . .13, whchaso emnates the anomaous ack of aeress between metra n 17 ()14. There are ess nvasve remees avaabe: eete OVs 15or LQ's 16. However, such eetons, as we as proucng a caesura-ess anapaestc metron, make n 17 surey a retort to somethngthe chorus has sa seem ncoherent. More promsng s Jacksons ,17, whch was more recenty backe up by Tapn18. However thsmay be, the fact remans that the vson of speakers wthn the anapaestcmetron seems to be an rreucbe anomay, espte Rtche, Authenticity(supra, n.8) 290-1. Perhaps t ought to be attrbute to conscous mtaton of

8 See W. Rtche, The Authenticity of the Rhesus of Euripides, Cambrge 1964, 289, 292.9 Cf. daves ad S. Tr. 977; C.W. Wnk, Stues n the cantca of Eurpes Rhesus, IClS

27/28, 2002/3, 21-43, here 22 n. 5 = Collected Papers on Greek Tragedy, e. W. B. Henry,leen 2010, 560-82, here 561 n. 5.

10 Cf. A.d. Ftton-Brown,PACA 7, 1964, 70-2, here 71; E. Fraenke, Gnomon 37, 1965,228-41, here 234.

11 Cf. d. Kovacs, Euripidea Tertia, leen 2003, 146.12 P. P. dobree,Adversaria , e. J. Schoee, Cambrge 1843, 87.13 C. Baham, Msceanea crtca.Philologus 10, 1855, 336-40, here 336.14 On the ack of aeress see M. Grth, The Authenticity of Prometheus Bound, Cam-

brge 1977, 70-1.15 G. dnorf (e.), Euripidis tragoediae superstites et deperditarum fragmenta, Oxfor

1840, 3, on Rh. 18.16 Ftton-Brown (supra, n. 10) 71-2; d. Kovacs (e.), Euripides, Vol. VI: Bacchae, Iphi-

genia at Aulis, Rhesus (loeb Cassca lbrary 495), Cambrge, Mass., 2002.17

See J. Jackson, Marginalia Scaenica, Oxfor 1955, 12.18 See O. Tapn,PCPhSn.s. 23, 1977, 126.


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the Trachiniae passage mentone above (the author of Rhesus s generayprone to such qurks of stye).

in ne 19, Kovacs19 suggeste (uness youhave some nocturna actvty to report) for the transmtte . Ths s ngenous: / (wakng bynght) s esewhere use wth reference to theDoloneias nocturna acton;cf. Accus, Nyctegresia, frr. 127-37 dange; P.Oxy. 2176 frr. 3-5, ne 6(Aenum on p. 184); Strab. 9.5.18 (439C., iii.142 Rat). But there seems tobe no goo reason to reject n the rst pace. it s retane, fornstance, n Naucks | ; ;20.

4. Rh. 53-5

53 Emsey : - : - pap. 54 Nauck : pap. : Stephanus : () OLQ: * V (ras.): [ pap.

For these peope are about to ee ths an by nocturna shp-voyage wthout beng observe by me.

Naucks emenaton of the ms. has receve some support fromAiPEiAi n P.Achm. 421. The future stem may express, wth ,an mmnent futurty; however, a noton of urgent mmnence can aso beconveye by + present stem, the contnuatve aspect ayng emphasson the actons uraton; cf. 110 22.

There s a further reason why ought to be kept. As ponteout by Barrett23, Stephanus (aso n 126, where the mss. agan have)24 wou be more apposte f the actvty unertaken were burensome

19 Euripidea Tertia (supra, n. 11) 147.20 A. Nauck, Eurpesche Stuen: Zweter The, Mmoires de lAcadmie impriale

des sciences de St-Ptersbourg, Viie sre, tome V, no. 6, 1862, 1-191, here 168.21 =P.Par. nv. BN, Supp. gr. 1099.2 (no. 427 Mertens-Pack3); e. pr. U. Wcken, SBAW-

Berlin, 1887, 815-16; cf. aso P. Coart,BIFAO 31, 1931, 52-5, here 54-5.22 See further R. Khner & B. Gerth,Ausfhrliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache,

ii: Satzlehre, vos i-ii (Hannover & lepzg, 31898-1904), 1, 177-9 (Anm. 4); J. Humbert, Syn-taxe grecque, Pars3 1960, 280; l. Basset, Les emplois priphrastiques du verbe grec ,lyon 1979, 135, 141; G. Pace, Note crtco-testua a Reso, n Scritti in onore di Italo Gallo,e. l. Torraca, Napes 2002, 453-61, here 453-4; M. Fantuzz, CPh 100, 2005, 268 n. 2.

23 Barrett,Papers (supra, n. 4) 258 n. 69.24 For the om see aso A.Pers. 481 (Emsey : - mss.). it s

perhaps an extene usage from such phrases as to host sa; or, n the actve,E. Hec. 1141 , IT117 , Th. 1.52 ; cf.


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or troubesome; however, the requste meanng here shou be no more thantake to ght, snce Hektor s concerne wth rumoure evacuaton soeyfrom hs own pont of vew an not the Greeks. Thus, the transmttereang s to be preferre: s a perfecty proper put to sean ght that cas for no change25; n ths case, the transmtte (passve) s paraee byA. Su. 2, Ht. 1.165.3, 170.2. For the atve cf. E.Med. 938 (Emsey : mss.) 26.

5. Rh. 59-62

, ,

.

For f the suns geamng amp ha not been extngushe, i wouby no means have staye my successfu spear before settng re tothe shps an gong through the tents kng Achaeans wth thshan of mne, sayer of many.

in ne 59, has so far resste emenaton. The ms. reang shourequre to be mentay suppe as object, but the resutng sense (ha thegeamng sun not restrane me) wou be o. C. E. Pamers transaton hanot the brght rays of the sun wthrawn themseves27 s mpossbe. What smore, NEXON seems to be an error by antcpaton of OTANEXONn the foowng ne; t must have ouste a wor meanng somethng ke beput out or be extngushe. Hemsoeths , accepte by Kovacs nhs loeb eton (supra, n. 16), goes some way towars restorng sense, butthe sun cannot propery be sa to have et go of Hector. VanHerwerens28() s eegant, but fas to account for the nta -. Weckens neaty conveys the ea of the suns fang Hector ( s asothe uox propria for the suns ecpse), an s accepte by Jouan wth goo

reason29

; for the uratve verba aspect use of a specc occurrence n the pastcf. Il. 2.106-7 (aternaton of an n the same context)30. For a st

Mastronare on E. Med. 938.25 Both quotatons from Barrett, l.c. (n. 23).26 Cf. Pace, Note (supra, n. 22) 454-5.27 CR 4, 1890, 228.28 H. van Herweren, Novae ectones Eurpeae, RPh 2, 1878, 19-57, here 31-2.29 See N. Wecken (e.), Euripidis Rhesus, lepzg 1902, n app. crt. ad l.; F. Jouan (e.),

Euripide Tragdies, vol. VII.2: Rhsos, Pars 2004.30

See aso J. Wackernage,Vorlesungen ber Syntax, Base

19262

, 1, 182-3 = Lectures onSyntax, e. d. langsow, Oxfor 2009, 235-6.


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of emenatons an further scusson see E. Magne, Msceanea crtca,Eikasmos 10, 1999, 101-17, here 101-4. Hs own proposa | ., for f the sun ha not he back hsgeamng amps, makes for unkey Greek, even though the ght emtte byceesta boes s, nee, often compare to ong-range msses, such as ancesan arrows, whch one can ho back (Magne, Msceanea crtca, 102-3).No such comparson s n evence n the present passage, however, an evenf t were i oubt that wou be the uox propria to sgnfy refranfrom shootng a weapon (Magne fas to auce any evence whatsoever).The cruxseems ntractabe, espte Weckens brant emenaton.

6. Rh. 112-15

, , . 115115 Cobet: L: VaQ et co. L a Trcno tertaemenato: O: Schaefer (seruato ) Reske:

et shou you n, once you have crosse the eep an hoowmoat, that the enemes are not eeng ths an but are facng your

army nstea, there s no way you w come back f you are efeate.

The mss reangs are ether unmetrca ( ) orungrammatca ( ). Cobet suggeste 31, Reske 32. Of nterest s Schaefers , wth n synecphoness 33, proucng an nepenent cause expressng fearthat somethng may not prove true34. Athough Troy cannot be vsbe nthe arkness, , ths cty here, wou be acceptabe, snce can refer wth some vvness to absent persons or thngs that have just beenspoken of, an are thus present to the speakers mn35; cf. 655 .However, there seems to be tte pont n Aeneas foregrounng the city

31 C. G. Cobet, Variae lectiones quibus continentur observationes criticae in scriptoresgraecos, leen 18732, 583.

32 J. J. Reske, Ad Euripidam [sc] et Aristophanem animadversiones, lepzg 1754,86-7.

33 See J. descrox, Le trimtre iambique, Macon 1931, 32.34 See W. W. Goown, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb, Boston 1889,

264; Rtche,Authenticity (supra n.8) 181.35 See H. loy-Jones, CR 15, 1965, 241-2; dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 49 n. 2; Haney

ad Men.Dysc. 185, 234.; Hutchnson ad A. Sept. 408; O. Tapn, The Stagecraft of Aeschy-lus, Oxfor 1977, 150-1.


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of Troy as Hectors potenta pace of refuge rather than brngng up thestnct possbty that he may never come back nto the Trojan camp atall an ea neaty conveye by Reskes .

7. Rh. 131

, dawe Hn, con. Musgrave :

Ths s what we thnk (too), ths opnon you must aopt, changngyour mn

Foun ony n Haunenss 417 (an apograph of Pa. Gr. 98),

restores responson wth ths nes antstrophc par (195). As s her wont,Pace36 tres to efen the majorty reang , assumngResponsionsfreiheit, .e. n 131, corresponngto 2 ochmacs n 195. However, the whoe ea of Responsionsfreiheit shghy ubous, because t rees argey on textuay suspect passages37, ors otherwse mte to very specc metrca varants38. But apart from theubety of such an assumpton, the paraes auce by Pace for resovesecon anceps foowe by resove ongum n ochmacs can be easyemene, as she s aware; even the scheme s exceengyrare39.

As for dawes , t s presumaby meant to baance . it s, however,unnecessary. presents the chorus opnon as a fait accompli whchHector s expecte to take serousy uner conseraton as nee he oes(cf. 137).

8. Rh. 149-50

T ;

149 () OVaQ : L et Q(s.., a.c.)

We then, whch one of the Trojans here present wants to go to theArgves shps as a spy?

36 G. Pace, Euripide Reso: I canti, Rome 2001, 25.37 See further P. Maas, Greek Metre, trs. H. loy-Jones, Oxfor 1962, 29.38 See A. M. dae, The Lyric Metres of Greek Drama, Cambrge2 1968, 112, 135, 153, 188.39 Cf. N. C. Conoms, The dochmacs of Greek drama, Hermes 92, 1964, 23-50, here 28,

36. The napproprateness of Responsionsfreiheit here s seen even by S. dee donne (in mar-gne a una ezone coometrca e cantca e Reso Eurpe, Rudiae 16-17, 2004/5,171-208, here 202-3), who ha nonetheess earer n the same artce (p. 177) pronounce suchResponsionsfreiheit p che pausbe.


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The varant s foun n L an Q (the atter supra lineam antecorrectionem); moreover, as ponte out by Morstat40, must havebeen n the moe of Chr. Pat. 1933 , ; otherwse, there wou have been no reason to change , whch(unke ) suts the Chr. Pat. context.

Shou one prefer over then? The answer s probaby no.Whe t s true that tragc choruses are sometmes referre to, guratvey, as (e.g. A. Sept. 111, Eum. 46, 1026), the aressees of Hectors procamatonare not the chorus, who cannot be expecte to spy upon the Greeks whe onguar uty, but the Trojan warrors areay present on stage (2-4; cf. 154.).For = those present at ths announcement, .e. a ofthe present company41, cf. Ar.Av. 30,Ach. 513 (wth dunbar, Oson ad ll.).in Il. 10.299-312 Hector makes a smar procamaton, kewse prefacng hs

speech wth a queston aresse to a those present: | ; (303-4)42.

9. Rh. 165

, Nauck, c. 173

So, name your rewar [= ask for any rewar you ke], except formy kngshp.

Naucks 43 brngs the syntax nto ne wth 173 , where the accusatve s n accor wth the mpe objectof . But whe the accusatve n 173 serves to avo the repetton of twosuccessve gentves ( ), there s no reason to tamperwth the norma constructon of prepostona + gentve here. Naucksemenaton probaby oes not even eserve a pace n the apparatus.

10. Rh. 166

OQ: V: L

We have no esre for your cty-guarng kngshp

40 R. Morstat, Beitrag zur Kritik der dem Euripides zugeschriebenen TragdieRhesos, Heeberg 1827, 8 n. 1.

41 Not those who are wthn hearng of my wors, espte Rtche, Authenticity (supran. 8) 115.

42 For a efence of see aso A. Meschn, n Scritti in onore di Carlo Diano,Boogna 1975, 217-26, here 217.

43 Nauck, Stuen (supra, n. 20) 170.


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Ls s oubtess a otacst error; cf. 381 (OV) < -(LQ). it may have been unerstoo as meanng rung over many (+ ). Such a meanng, however, wou be an mpossbty. in casscaGreek, epenent etermnatve compouns44 wth - as rst componentan a verba secon component are aways resovabe nto -+ a noun corresponng to the verba component, e.g. = . Ths s mpossbe wth .

11. Rh. 169

, OV : LQ V

There s go, f ths s the prze you mean to ask forFor Vs preecton for me verba forms cf. 175 (: - V), an181 ( LQ an Chr. Pat. 1972 : - O; - V). There wou have beentte pont n argung for the actve or the me, snce they are practcayequvaent here, were t not for two unambguous cases where the actve suse ( 173, 174). For pars of actve-me verba forms wthno scernbe semantc stncton see R. J. Aan, The Middle Voice inAncient Greek, Amsteram 2003, 206-10.

12. Rh. 204

; OV et Q1c : Q : L

Why, what new gear w you change nto?

Ls reang eserves some attenton: say, w you then change nto some newgear? For the combnaton of mperatve () an rect queston cf. 207

, ; However, nterrogatve usuay introduces questons,an s not precee by another wor, except a vocatve or (see lSJ s.v., ii.1) certany not by an mperatve, whch mght tsef ntrouce anindirect -queston. Thus, on the bass of the L reang, Person propose , te me whether you w change ntosome new gear nstea of ths one45. Ths, however, s exceengy feebe: the

44 Cf. H. W. Smyth, Greek Grammar, rev. e. by G. Messng, Cambrge, Mass, 1956, 897(2).

45 J. Person, Verisimilium libri duo, leen 1752, 81-2. Person was foowe by: A.

Matthae (e.), Euripidis tragoediae et fragmenta, vo. Viii, lepzg 1824, ad l.; F. Vater(e.), Euripidis Rhesus cum scholiis antiquis, Bern 1837, ad l.; an dnorf, Euripidis


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chorus have areay been to that doon will change nto a erent attre(202); what they nee to know s what kind of attre ( ) ths sgong to be. Moreover, Persons text wou probaby requre an armatve n doons repy ( ), but there s no room for such an aton.Person auces E. Herc. 1118 as a parae ( ); but the stuaton there s qute erent: a bae Herakes s grauaybecomng aware of the enormty of hs acts, an hs queston to Theseus (teme whether you are reveang my fe n a strange new ght, cf. Bon ad l.)reects hs compete gnorance of the facts. More to the pont s Herwerens ., te us what other gear you w put on46. But bothHerwerens an Persons emenatons ntrouce an exceengy harshasyneton whch wou be har to justfy n ths context. it shou not gowthout sayng that s perfecty goo an omatc47.

13. Rh. 206

One must earn ceverness from cever men

A 12th-century gnomoogum, Athous Vatope 36, has , a perfecty pausbe aternatve, cf. e.g. S. OC12-13 . True, the rest of the traton (n ts gnomoogca ramcatonstoo: Oron Flor. 1.7 p. 78 Haner, Men. Mon. 718 Perngott), an Chr. Pat.1766 unanmousy prove -, but - s surey lectio difcilior.

14. Rh. 208

Cobet : OV : LQ

On my back i sha fasten a wofs he.

Cobets48 emenaton has been generay accepte, an wth goo reason(athough not by the hyper-conservatve Zanetto, who prnts the OV

tragoediae (supra, n. 15), adll.46 H. van Herweren, Stua crtca n poetas scencos Graecorum, Verhandelingen der

koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen (Afdeeling Letterkunde) 7, 1872, 1-100 + v,here 17.

47 See J. dgge, Studies on the Text of Euripides, Oxfor 1981, 61.48

See C.G. Cobet,Variae lectiones quibus continentur observationes criticae in scrip-tores graecos, leen18732, 583.


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reang)49. Cobet was surey rght: t s (me rather thanpassve, espte lSJ9 s.v.)50 that s commony use to sgnfy t to ones boy,wear; cf. Ht. 7.69.1 ; E. Herc. 549 ; Ar. Nu. 72 , Ec. 80,Av. 1250, Ra. 430; fr.264 KA . i see no cuty n the fact thatCobets text gves an eson after the thr prnceps, whch otherwse occursn Rh. ony n 98651. Such nes are far from unparaee n tragey52.

15. Rh. 219-20

220219 dgge : VLQ et V: O : Wamowtz

i sha return safe, im teng you, an havng ke Oysseus isha brng you hs hea

As dgge has shown53, nether nor can stan: wou be exceengyfeebe as a correatve wth , whe wou be napproprate ether asaversatve or as contnuatve. dgges gves hghy omatc stye, for ts reguary use n answer to a comman or wsh54; an the corrupton of to s especay easy when foows55. There are, however, aternatvesworth conserng, e.g. Wamowtzs , n ts common usage as response-ntenser56: t s a neat an eegant emenaton, the more so snce t nceyaccounts, paaeographcay, for : yes, i sha return safey s an apposterepy to the chorus-eaers a you nee now s uck. i shou aso suggest as another possbty: often corrupte nto (O), s often use bythe trageans to emphasze verbs, sometmes wth emotona force57; thus, = i sha, nee, return safey.

16. Rh .227-30

230

49 G. Zanetto (e.), Euripides Rhesus, Stuttgart & lepzg 1993.50 See E. Schwyzer, Griechische Grammatik, Mnchen 1950, 2, 231.51 See Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 285-6.52 See dgge, Euripidea (supra, n.4), 473 wth n. 151.53 dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 513-15.54 Cf. J. d. dennston, The Greek Particles, 2n e. rev. by K. J. dover, Oxfor 1950, 541.55 Quotaton from dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 513.56

Cf. dennston,Particles (supra, n. 54) 130-1.57 Cf. dennston,Particles (supra, n. 54) 214-16.


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227 l. dnorf: fere (- Q) 228-30 dnorf: (- co. L a Trcno secuna emenato: -P)

(O Apoo,) o appear n the nght, an be a safe gue on thsmans msson, an a daranus escenants.

W. dnorfs58 transposton of the mss wor-orer ( | | ) has wonamost unversa approva. Zanetto (cf. supra, n. 49) prectaby keeps theparaoss, but emens nto (governe, together wth, by ). However, s o: we shou expecte.g. , as n E. Med. 946, oy nvoke esewhere by Zanetto

n support of hs emenaton59

. Moreover, t wou be pontess to have afeeby vague suppement an appostey specc . The attemptby severa schoars60 to efen the paraoss as an nstance of the , .e. = - w carry tteconvcton.

17. Rh. 231-2

, T

T lachmann :

O, a-mghty one, you who but Troys ancent was.

For T, whch s metrcay necessary, see K. lachmann, De choricissystematis tragicorum graecorum libri quattuor, Bern 1819, 154 n.For the form cf. aso Rh. 262 (emen. dnorf), 360 (emen. Murray) an,probaby, S. Aj. 1190 (emen. Wamowtz). Accorng to Arstarchus anHeroan, Homerc usage requres that trsyabc T be use ony asepthet of (Trojan town; by contrast, syabc T = Troy assubstantve)61. Whether ths s Arstarchus own conjecture or t representsgenune traton62, the presume rue s observe nether here nor n 360(athough t s foowe, abet oosey, n 262). Ths may we mean that

58 See dnorf, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 15), ad 224-263 (p. 597).59 See G. Zanetto (e., trs.) Euripide: Ciclope, Reso, Man 1998, 143.60 e.g. G. Hermann, n Opuscula, lepzg 1828; repr. Heshem 1970, 3, 262-310, here

302; F. lnemann, nAd annuam lustrationem Gymnasii Zittaviensis etc., Zttau 1834,1-16, here 8; G. Kefner,Die Versparung, Wesbaen 1964, 103-4.

61 Cf. Il. 1.129 wth A ad l. (129c, i.47.13. Erbse); Od. 5.39, 11.510 wth ad ll. (i 244.24-

6, ii 517.6 dnorf); Hn. Il. pros. 1.129 (Gr.Gr. iii.2.2.1, p. 23.36. lentz).62 Cf. C. G. Cobet, Miscellanea critica, leen 1876, 253.


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the Homerc eton known to the author of Rhesus mae no stnctonbetween syabc an trsyabc forms; perhaps the stncton ha evenvanshe from ve performances of Homer, espte the fact that theseprobaby preserve eements of archac accentuaton, whch nuencethe Aexanran etors (ncung Arstarchus) ecsons on matters ofHomerc accentuaton63. if so, Arstarchus thess s somewhat weakene. in262, dnorfs T s an epthet, an thus conformant wth Arstarchusstanars of Homerc usage.

18. Rh. 245-9

245 ,

245 Wamowtz: O: V2 et V: V: LQ: Rtche

inee, there s a earth of goo men when a suness sky s uponthe sea, an the cty s tempest-tosse.

Wamowtzs neat () was rst are ap. Murrays OCT (n app.crt.)64. The mss. reangs are a one syabe shorter than the corresponng256. it may be of some sgncance that (Vpost corr., V) s reporteas a synonym for (LQ, obvousy an emenaton) by Hesych. 1402Hansen, Phot. Lex. 529.12 Porson. Another possbty s Rtches65 , whch s however feeber than Wamowtzs emenaton. Wnks66conjecture, , rare nee [are ] such as [arethose] of , makes for contorte phrasng, not east because thempe change of number from snguar () to pura s qute jarrng.Aternatvey, one mght conser emenng 256 nstea; nee, dnorf67suggeste reang / / there68; however, as Rtche (l.c.) ponts

out -forms are unanmousy transmtte n 256.63 See on ths matter P. Probert,Ancient Greek Accentuation: Synchronic Patterns, Fre-

quency Effects, and Prehistory, Oxfor 2006, 34-44. The evence of the papyr n thsregar s scant an often nconsstent; see J. Moor-Bunt, Probems of Accentuaton n GreekPapyr, QUCC29, 1978, 137-63; A. Noar, Ancent Homerc Schoarshp an the MeevaTraton: Evence from the dacrtcs n the Papyr, n: B. Pame (e.),Akten des 23. Inter-nationalen Papyrologenkongresses, Wien, 22.-28. Juli 2001, Venna 2007, 469-81.

64 G. Murray (e.), Euripidis fabulae, vo. iii, Oxfor 1909 (corr. repr. 1913).65 Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 301.66 Wnk, Cantca (supra, n. 9) 29 = Collected Papers 568.67

Euripidis tragoediae, supra, n. 15 ad 256.68 So aso Wamowtz, Griechische Verskunst, Bern 1921, 584 n. 1.


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19. Rh. 253-7

, 255 ;256 LQ: O: V

Whch of the Achaeans w the crawng saughterer say n therhuts, mmckng a beasts four-foote tra on the groun? (t.,puttng on a four-foote mmcry of a beast).

Pace dgge an Kovacs, who prnt , one shou probaby prefer

ether the O or the V reang; so Zanetto, Feckert, Jouan ( , afterdnorf, cf. tem 18 above). Wth the O reang, the sense of moton woumerge wth that of support (doon w be crawling over the an), cf. lSJ9s.v. , B.i.2.a, an e.g. Il. 4.443 . Wth the V reang, thesense of extension over a space wou preva (lSJ9s.v. , C.i.5): doonw pursue hs msson over a arge stretch of an. Murrays ssuperuous, espte P. Resp. 546a .

20. Rh. 285-6

, 285 . dgge: - : cf. Chr. Pat. 2096, 2452 ( 2452)

ou see, t s no sght matter to come upon an army at nght,havng hear the atans fu of enemy soers.

Wth dgges 69, the mpe subject of the nntve must be ;

as for , t w be an accusatve after a verb of moton, for whchdgge nvokes as a parae E. Cyc. 99 B .Consequenty, n 285 w expan not why Rhesus chose the rugge gaesof Mt ia over the eve an broa roas (whch s what Hector has aske n282-3), but rather why the shepher has no nformaton on the Thracansreasons for ong so (284 ): he became frghtene by thegreat n prouce by Rhesus avancng army (287, 290-1, 308), thoughtthat the approachng troops were Greeks (294-5, hence n286), an ran away to protect Hectors ocks from the enemy (291-5).

69 See dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 515.


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dgges conjecture stumbes upon three cutes:(i) if the -cause expans rather than (284), the antthess ntrouce by the atter s oy nterrupte,snce we never earn exacty what the shephers conjecture ()consste of.(ii) Moreover, wth dgges conjecture, the -cause w not reay expanthe shephers ack of nformaton: even f he ha remane n hs usuaposton, he wou st be no better nforme as to the reasons for Rhesuschoce of route; after a, he eventuay have the opportunty to conversewth the Thracan avance scouts (296-7) but s apparenty none the wserfor t. By contrast, wth the lectio tradita the ratonae behnthe shephers conjecture becomes transparent: the oy nconvenent routetaken by Rhesus was, presumaby (), ue to hs wsh to avo eang

hs army upon () the enemy soers wth whch the Trojan panwas nfeste (286).(iii) Most mportanty perhaps, ntranstve s normay fooweby an accusatve enotng the place or area entere as, nee, t oesn a the passages cte by dgge n support of hs emenaton70: E. Hipp.1198, Cyc. 99,Andr. 968,Ba. 1045,Phaeth. fr. 779.1 K. But cannotreay fu ths functon.

When a s sa an one, i wou rather keep the lectio tradita ,wth as object: t s no sght matter to brng n an army; cf. A. Sept.583, 1019 (where 1019, probaby an nterpoaton, seems merey a rehash of 583).it s true that transtve wth uel sim. as ts object s anestabshe usage (lSJ s.v. i, ii); an both an are use aternatvey n Ht. 4.125.4, an appear as mss. varants n Ht. 5.15.2an 9.13.2. But ths s a the more reason not to epart from the lectio tradita.

dgges objectons71 to the lectio tradita o not carry much convcton.Frsty, t s smpy not true that Rhesus, when he appears, s brm-fu ofnsoucance, an has borne the troubes of a nght-tme arrva wth a veryght heart. For ase from the fact that Rhesus oes compan of the extremecutes he has ha to face on hs way to Troy (426-42), the shepher

cannot possby be aware of Rhesus suppose nsoucance, snce he hasnever seen hm. Secony, to cam that Rhesus not hear the an fu ofenemy troops, for the Greeks were coope up by ther shps an ha everyreason to keep quet (dgge l.c.) s to sregar the avance nformatonRhesus turns out (qute pausby) to have ha as to the troubes the Greekarmy has been causng Hector for ten whoe years (444-6). Fnay, we haveareay shown see (ii) above that (285) expans not the shephersack of precse nformaton [] about the route whch Rhesus has taken,

70

Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 163.71 Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 515.


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but rather the ratonae behn hs conjecture about the possbe reason whyRhesus has chosen a patenty troubesome route through Mt ias gaes.

21. Rh. 296-7

296 V: OLQ

So, i went an questone the kngs avance scouts, aressngthem n the Thracan tongue.

has gven pause to some etors: the shepher cou not have known

at the tme that a kng was on hs way to Troy. But none of the severaemenatons propose so far s whoy satsfactory72. it seems best to assumethat the shepher s merey speakng wth hnsght (cf. aso 290 , 299 ).

As for , t s preferabe to both because the atter s areunancy (the can ony be part of an army, even thoughthey functon separatey from t) an because of the syntactca awkwarnessresutng from the presence of two possessve gentves, namey an73.

22. Rh. 333-41

E. . 333 , , , 336 . 338X. , . 334A. . 335E. , . 339

340 .

72 Cf. Morstat, Beitrag (supra, n. 40) 20 n. 2, aopte by Kovacs, Euripides(supra, n. 16): marchng rght up [to the avance scouts]; Reske,Animadversiones(supra, n. 32) 88, movng up cose [to the scouts]; N. Wecken, SBAWMnchen,phos.-pho.-hstor. Casse, 1897, 494; cf. further F. H. M. Bayes, Adversaria critica inEuripidem, Hae 1901, 4.

73 The cumsness s we brought out by Vaters paraphrase (Euripidis Rhesus, supra, n.

45) ad 285: Amoum enm eunum est: interrogavi antecursores eus, qu praefut exerci-tui, cum expectavers: antecursores exercitus.


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333, 336-8, 334-5, 339-41 hoc orne Nauck correcta personarumspostone: 334-8 nunto 339-41 choro trb.OV, 334-5 choro 336-8 Hector339-41 choro L (praescrpts paragr.), 334-8 choro 339-41 HectorQ aut 336-8 aut 339-41 e. West

(hECtor) i hate t when one s ate n assstng frens. But anyway,snce he s now here, et hm come not as an ay but as a guest-fren at hs hosts tabe; for the favour of Prams famy towar hmhas vanshe. (Chorus) My or, t s nvous to push away onesaes. (mEssEngEr) He wou strke terror n the enemy merey bybeng seen74. (hECtor) (To the coryphaeus) our avce s goo.(To the messenger) An your conseratons are tmey. let thengo-armoure Rhesus, as ths messengers report has t, come as anay to ths an.

There are a number of ssues here, ncung the attrbuton of speakngparts, the correct orer of nes, an the queston whether eeton of nes sto be practse.

(1) As far as attrbuton of parts s concerne, none of the arrangementsn the mss. s satsfactory. OV gve 334-8 to the shepher, an 339-41 to thechorus, but the chorus of soers cannot have the ast wor n the matterof acceptng Rhesus as an ay. Moreover, there can be no oubt that onyHector has the authorty to speak 336-8, an L s rght n gvng hm thesenes75. But then 339-41 cannot be part of the same speech by Hector (thus

Q, athough a other mss gve these nes to the chorus), because f 340-1 (etRhesus come as an ay) foow shorty after 336-8 (et Rhesus come, butnot as an ay), the resut s an rreucbe contracton76. Moreover, 339 sprobematc: t ceary aresses two speakers77, athough for the ast twentynes Hector has ony been conversng wth the coryphaeus. Tapn, whowants the messenger to epart after 316, envsages some textua troube, oreven an authors ncompetence, n nes 333-41, especay 339-4178. But thss unhepfuy vague, an at any rate Tapn hmsef shows that not a tragcmessengers epart after they have evere ther report79 certany not nths pay, where the secon messenger (Rhesus charoteer) nubtaby stayson even after he has evere hs messenger speech (833.).

(2) Ceary, no satsfactory attrbuton of speakng parts s possbe unessthe nes are rearrange, or excson resorte to. Shou one opt for the

74 On the Greek text here see tem 24 beow.75 Cf. E. dettor, L interlocuzione difcile, Psa 1992, 134.76 The pont s gnore by dettor, l.c. (supra, n. 75).77 despte Herweren, Novae ectones (supra, n. 28) 32.78

See Tapn, Stagecraft (supra, n. 35) 90 n. 4.79 Tapn, Stagecraft (supra, n. 35) 89.


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former, Naucks80 brant transposton of nes (336-8 after 333, an 334-5before 339) s ones best bet, an t has been accepte wth goo reason byMurray, dgge, Kovacs, an Jouan. Wth Naucks rearrangement, 336-8 an340-1 w be spoken by the ony person n authorty to make such ecsons,namey Hector. As for 334 an 335, the former w have to be spoken by thechorus, who thus a a concung argument to ther appea aganst rejectngRhesus (327-8, 330, 332), whe the atter wth ts emphass on sureybeongs to the shepher, who has areay emphasze Rhesus power tofrghten the enemy (287-9, 306-8). Attrbuton of 334-5 to two erentspeakers can hary be bettere as a means of makng sense of the oubearess n the mmeatey foowng 339, an has rghty been accepteby a recent etors. it s true that wth ths rearrangement Hector n 339-41 may appear to be yeng to the chorus an the shephers arguments

a too easy, an atttue whch, accorng to Rosvach, wou make thecommaner-n-chef to ook ke a cke nnny81. But Hector has areayshown hmsef prone to bow to pubc opnon (137), an i o not see whyhs present volte-face s any more jarrng than the one n 137. At any rate, tw be seen that Hectors change of mn s ess abrupt than one may perhapsreaze (beow, after (4)).

(3) Another souton, oere by M. l. West82, s to assume that 336-8 an339-41 are aternatve enngs for the same scene whch have coaesce. Onths hypothess, Hectors uncontona acceptance of Rhesus as a fuy-egeay n 339-41 cou ony have come after an expostuaton, now ost, whchwou have precee 339. inee, Rosvach83 ha areay suggeste pacng aacuna between 338 an 339 one n whch the chorus an perhaps aso theshepher wou have expatate on such arguments as are rase n 332, 334,335. in a smar ven, Kyve84 envsages a acuna between 334 an 335. But ts unesrabe to use a acuna as apasse-partout textua remey when morecautous measures may e to han. Aternatvey, on Wests hypothess, onemay choose to excse 339-41 an nterpret 336-8 as ncatng that Hectoraccepts Rhesus ony as a guest, postponng a na acceptance unt he hasha a chance to ca hm to account85. However, havng the ebate en on

338 wou create an nconsstency wth the foowng scene, where Hector,espte takng Rhesus to task for hs beateness, never as much as nsnuates

80 Nauck, Stuen (supra, n. 20) 171-3.81 V. J. Rosvach, Hector n the Rhesus, Hermes 106, 1978, 54-73, here 58 n. 12. Cf. aso

C. d. Beck, Exercitatio critica de Rheso supposititio Euripidis dramate, lepzg 1780, 23;H. d. F. Ktto, The Rhesus an reate matters, YclS25, 1977, 317-50, here 336; G. E. Kyve,A Commentary on Rhesus 1-526 with an Introduction, dPh thess, Oxfor 1995, 224-6.

82 ap. Kyve, Commentary (supra, n. 81) p. 225.83 Hector (supra, n. 81) 58 wth n. 12.84

Commentary (supra, n. 81) p. 225-6.85 Quotaton from Kyve, l.c. (supra, n. 84).


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that the atter wou be wecome ony as a guest-fren, not as an ay, as336-8 seem to mpy.

(4) There s, nay, a thr possbty, whch however carres verytte convcton. Ths s Zanettos (cf. Euripides Rhesus [supra, n. 49])transposton of 336-8 to foow 328, an of 339-41 to foow 335. lne 338s now gven to the chorus an takes the form of a surprse an ncreuousqueston86: ;, what! Are the Prams no onger gratefu toRhesus? Ths s hghy unkey. Frst of a, we have sucent men to efenion (329) oes not foow very we after 338 one shou rather expect acomment on Rhesus havng faen from grace. On the other han, Hectorsprou retort n 329 s very much apposte after the chorus pontng out thatan ay shou aways be wecome (328). Secony, Hectors captuaton n336-7 (ne, et Rhesus st as a guest at our tabe) wou come as a compete

surprse after ony two nes of argumentaton by the chorus (327-8), whereast s more at home after the bref atercaton n 329-32.On baance, t seems best to keep the text as rearrange by Nauck. it s

true that 336-8 an 339-41 may seem at rst sght to be aternatve enngswhch have coaesce, to repeat Wests phrase (see (3) above). However, thss a fase mpresson. The process of convncng Hector to accept Rhesus asan ay s both onger an smoother than has perhaps been reaze, an theTrojan prnces atttue cannot be smsse as fatuous, espte e.g. Pearson87.Hector starts o by smssng Rhesus professe frenshp an oyaty asmere sham (319-26); nne nes ater, however, he concees that Rhesus maycome as a guest-fren, athough he s certany unwng to have hm asan ay (336-8); nay, after the chorus an the messenger put n ther naarguments (334-5), Hector agrees to have Rhesus ght as a fuy-egeTrojan ay (339-41). For ths graua process to be eneate (passaby,though by no means aequatey), both 336-8 an 339-41 are nspensabe.

23. Rh. 336-8For the text see tem 22 above. As ponte out by Beck88, ne 338 seems

to be cte n Eustathus (Comm. Iliad. p. 822.5-6, iii.123.25-6 van er

Vak): T ,as the proverb has t, the Trojans grattue has e together wth Rhesus.The stuaton envsage n the Eust. passage appears to be one n whch theTrojans refuse to pursue Rhesus murerers because they fee they are noonger nebte to hm. Ths s most certany not how matters stan nRhesus, an so Morstat89 magne that Eust. can ony be referrng to a

86 Cf. dennston,Particles (supra, n. 54) 77-8.87 Cf. A.C. Pearson, The Rhesus, CR 35, 1921, 52-61, here 59.88

Exercitatio (supra, n. 81) 27 n. 2.89 Beitrag(supra, n. 40) 74-6.


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erent Rhesus presumaby the genune Eurpean pay. However,Eustathus referrng to the passage as a strongy suggests that hes quotng from a gnomoogum, an therefore out of context; ths sureyaccounts for the naccuracy ponte out by Morstat.

As for (OVQ) vs. (L), t seems,pace dgge, that the atters to be preferre. As a rue, emphaszes the roe of an externa agencyn eectng the pershng or comng to nought90; by contrast, (or the smpex ) can mean merey to cease to exst, to fa, an sapparenty the uox propria to be use wth regar to oss of ; cf. E. Hcld.438 ; fr. 736.5-6 Kanncht | ;91 S. fr. 920 Rat .

24. Rh. 335

For the Greek text see tem 22 above. Eventy, here s use n thesense object or cause of fear; cf. lSJ9s.v., ii.2; S. OT917 ;OC1651-2 | 92. Aternatvey, one mghtcaptaze: , Rhesus wou become Phobos (=as terrfyng as Ph.) for the enemy. The reference wou then be to Phobos,Ares son or attenant93, a personcaton of the terror that puts warrors toght94. For a reoubtabe warror beng assmate to Phobos cf. A. Sept.500, where Hppomeon boasts of beng Phobos at the gates95; cf. Sept.574 for Tyeus as (v.l. ). A key passage n thsconnecton s Il. 13.298-300 (see Janko ad l.), where Merones s kene toAres, an iomeneus (mpcty) to Phobos. Note that Rhesus s compareto Ares hmsef n Rhesus 385-7. For the use of vne names n precatefuncton, whereby one s or becomes ths or that vnty, cf. e.g. E. Tr.

90 Exampes from tragey ncue: A. Pers. 483-4 ... | ; S. Tr. 1052 , ; El. 141 (youre runngyoursef); OT225 ; E. fr. 757.848 Kn. (where-as n the same fragments ne 845, when there was no emphass on a thr partys agency, Hyp-spye ha sa merey ); Hipp. 909 ; (Hppoytuss seekng to ascertan the agent of Phaeras eath); 1061 ... ; 1305 ;Andr. 158 ; Tro. 629 (of the saughtere Poyxena); Su. 191-2 | -; Or. 1512 T ... ;.

91 See Vater, Euripides Rhesus (supra, n. 45) p. x wth n.92 Cf. further A. Feckert (e.), Euripidis Rhesus: Einleitung, bersetzung, Kommen-

tar, Frankfurt a. M. 2005, ad 52. For a smar usage n eary moern Engsh cf. e.g. Shake-speare,A Midsummer Nights Dream 5.1.21 n the nght, magnng some fear; Mton,Para-dise Lost 9.285 Hs frau s then thy fear.

93 Hom. Il. 15.119; Hes. Sc. 195.94 Cf. Hom. Il. 4.440, 15.119; A. Sept. 45 (wth Tucker, Hutchnson ad l.), 574.95 As Rose ad l. argues, means that Hppomeon,

who s nspre by Ares (497 ) an wth a horrfyng ook n hs eyes (498 ), s assmate wth Phobos. Contra, however, Hutchnson.


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988-9 K ; S. Tr. 1278 Z96; A. fr. 70 Rat Z , Z etc.

25. Rh. 339-41For the Greek text see tem 22 above. Herweren97 thought that the

two refer to the same person (an mpossbty), an went on to emennto . However, the use of wth reference to two erent nterocutors s an estabshe usage. Astragc nstances, Nauck98 ctes S. OT637 (.e. Oepus) , K, ;; Ant. 724-5 , , , | , (.e. Haemon) ; 1340-1 ,

| (.e. Euryce); E. IT657 (.e. Orestes) (.e. Pyaes) ; 1069 , (.e. severa members of the chorus); IT1079 (tto);Ph. 568 (.e. Eteoces) ,, .

Wth regar to , Pearson came that the paraosscannot be merey the equvaent of f we may beeve the messenger wth or wthout nnueno99. He thus went on to emen nto , Rhesus n hs goen armour sha come before us, no onger throughthe meum of a messengers tae. But t wou be otose to pont out thatRhesus w appear n person rather than through a messengers report uness one shou want to have Hector sueny a autter an anxous tosee Rhesus face to face, whch wou be starky nconsstent wth hs atttueso far.

26. Rh. 360-4

T 360 -

;363 Canter: 364 l. dnorf (- amMusgrave): O, - VLQ et V

96 Notwthstanng the sceptcsm of M. l. West,BICS26, 1979, 112 wth n. 18.97 (supra, n. 28) 32.98 Nauck, Stuen (supra, n. 20) 172 n. 1.99

A. C. Pearson, Some Passages of Greek Tragey, CQ 11, 1917, 57-68, here 60; cf. idem,CQ 12, 1918, 79.


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W Troy of o ever agan ho ceebratons a ay ong wthbans of toastng reveers, accompane by ove songs an thecontest of wne cups wanerng ever to the rght?

Canters nspensabe emenaton of mss. (a transcrpton errorgong back to a mnuscue orgna: > ) restores responson wth 373.Pace100, enorse by dee donne,101 keeps the traton, assumng freeresponson between a choramb ( ) an an amb ( -); but the paraes she auces are a easy emenabe102; on the ubetyof the Responsionsfreiheit evce see tem 7 above.

Wth regar to , l. dnorfs103 emenaton seems unassaabe,even though s unatteste n tragey104. For the sympotc customncate by cf. Crt. fr. 6.6 West ;

Eup. fr. 354 KasseAustn ; idem fr. 395.1KasseAustn wth KA n app. crt.ad l. dnorfs emenaton has been conteste by Pace105, who reverts to thelectio tradita (VLQ an Vad 364) or - (O), for whch sheposts an otherwse unatteste meanng wecomng, hosptabe (che rceve,che accoge, che ospta).

27. Rh. 370-4

, 370 - , .

Come, appear, ho before you your so-go pelt as you facePeeus son, rasng t asant over the bfurcatng charot-ra, goangyour mares an ourshng your two-pronge spear.

My transaton foows dgges punctuaton at 373 (comma after ).Aternatvey, one cou punctuate after n 372, an take

100 Reso (supra, n. 36) 39-40.101 in margne (supra, n. 39) 199.102 A. Sept. 736 dnorf a aa ( mss.); S.Phil. 1100 Bothe a aa

( mss.); 1138 mss. -() cou be emene nto -; n E. Hcld. 915rea Par. gr. 287, A. ( l), n 924 (Heath: mss.);n Hel. 1340 rea (Heath: - l).

103 in Thesaurus Graecae Linguae vo. 3 s.v. , co. 1568.104

Cf. J. C. Rofe, The Tragey Rhesus, HSCPh 4, 1893, 61-97, here 74.105 Note (supra, n. 22) 455-8.


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to mean goang your mares past, or beyond, .e. over theedge of, the spt charot-ra (Rhesus whp or rens wou naturay passover the ra); for ths use of see lSJ9s.v., C.iii.1; cf. especay Ar.Av.390-1 , wth dunbar ad l.

28. Rh. 385-7

, T, , 385 M .

A go, O Troy, a go, Ares hmsef the cot born of Strymonan Muse the snger has arrve an breathes upon you.

An accusatve governe by enotes that whch comes out wthones breath, not that whch s breathe upon or over (except n ate Greek,e.g. Heo. 3.2.1 ); n E. Med. 838-40 one nowgeneray reas K (Reske : mss.) . it foows that cannot meanbreathes upon you. Such a meanng cou ony be obtane f the object of were ether n the gentve (governe by -, cf. E. Med. 838-40above, an Ar. Lys. 552 ,uness s possessve gentve) or n the atve, as n P. Com. fr. 189.15KasseAustn , or n the cosey paraeArchestr. SH146.3-4 = fr. 16.3-4 Oson / Sens | wth Oson / Sens ad l. As the gentve seems to be useony n conjuncton wth an accusatve object ( ), weshou probaby change nto here; so aso Feckert, Rhesus (supra,n. 92) ad 387.

29. Rh. 388-9

, , ,; 388 Q et Chr. Pat. 2098, 2538: - - L: V: O u. eere paene mat dgge (ue Wnk a Or.71-2)

Ha, nobe son of a nobe father, monarch of ths an, Hector; t safter a ong tme that i greet you.


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The reangs of O anV are obvousy unmetrca, but the L cou be rght106,athough the vocatve coupe wth the nomnatve (whch s notatteste n the vocatve, at east n tragey107) makes for a lectio difcilior108.Aresses extenng over more than one ne often come uner suspcon (seeWnk ad E. Or. 71-2), an dgge (app. crt. ad l.) was tempte to eete ne388. But the aresses cte by Wnk l.c. as probaby nterpoate foowa set pattern, namey + vocatve; Rh. 388 evates from t n havng open the ne, an n ackng . Ths may or may not be sucent reason tokeep the ne, but surey one cannot ump the present passage together wththe group of nterpoate aresses scusse by Wnk.

30. Rh. 422-3

, , ,423 (ue ) Nauck, c. Cyc. 524, Or. 895, fr. 196

i am mysef such a man too, foowng a straght path n myspeech, an am not upctous.

A emonstratve expane on by a foowng partcpe () oesnot seem to be a common tragc usage. The cosest parae i was abe ton s A. Ag. 312-13 , |

. As Fraenke ad l. expans, The bnngarrangements () whch Cytemnestra has mae for the torch-racersconsst n ther beng .109

Thus, there seem to be some grouns for turnng to Naucks110 or; nee, the case for hs emenaton(s) may be even stronger thanNauck hmsef perhaps reaze. For the ncatve foowng an expcatnga emonstratve Nauck ctes ony E. Cyc. 524 , Or. 895 | (dnorfs eeton of the passage s mmatera), an fr. 196.1-3

Kanncht. But one shou aso take nto account E. Andr. 173., Su. 881.,106 dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 324 n. 10.107 Cf. dgge, l.c. (supra, n. 106).108 The coupng of vocatve an nomnatve n aresses s ancent an we atteste; e.g.

Hom. Il. 4.189 M; E. Andr. 348 ( dnorf); S. Aj. 923 A (A Sua); see further KhnerGerth (supra, n. 22) 1, 48; West ad Hes.Theog. 964; Wackernage, Vorlesungen (supra, n. 30) 7, 306-7 = Lectures 14, 385; dgge,Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 324 n. 10.

109 less cose s A.Pers. 236 , M , where, s not the same as , , hence Bothes , such as to have

cause. See further A. F. Garve (e.),Aeschylus: Persae, Oxfor 2009, ad 235-6.110 Stuen (supra, n. 20) 173-4.


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fr. 322.1-3 Kanncht an, for the nntve after , IA 502-3 | , . The passage shouthen be transate: i am mysef such a man too: i foow a straght path etc.,or (wth the nntve) i am such a man as to foow etc. As dav Kovacsponts out to me (per litteras), the ncatve seems sghty preferabe, sncet paraes . The corrupton nto cou be expane from thefact that the foowng wor an the two preceng wors aso en n .

31. Rh. 438-42

, 440

.

Nothng to o wth that eep rnkng of mne you rant about,nor wth my yng n a-go chambers; but i know what ce-frozenwns vexe the Thracan sea an the Paeonans, for i have suerethem wthout seep n ths coak of mne.

These nes contan an exceptonay harsh anacouthon. Rather than benga sef-stanng comparatve cause, (438) sps over nto, tsef governe by ; on the other han, (439),athough connecte wth 438 by , s syntactcay unreate wth t, fort contnues the partcpa syntax of 436-7 ( ). A furtheranacouthon occurs n 440 where , nstea of provng a nk wth thepreceng partcpa cause, ntrouces a prncpa cause wth (442) asthe man verb; for ths kn of anacouthon cf. e.g. Thuc. 1.67.2 (KhnerGerth [supra, n. 22] 100, 4). On the whoe, the anacouthon s ony party paraee by E. Ba.683-8 (auce by Porter ad l.)111, a passage n whch, athough the syntax s

nee abrupty transforme uner the nuence of a verbum dicendi (686), the accusativus cum innitivo ( )s much more reguar than the smpe accusativus objecti () here(see further Jebb on S. Tr. 1238f.). Matthae, foowe by Kyve112, assumes azeugma: (sic), , (cf. 419); but nostretch of syntactc goow w suppy from n439, to say nothng of the fact that an ntranstve verb such as

111 See W. H. Porter (e.), The Rhesus of Euripides, Cambrge 19292.112

Matthae, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 45) ad 435; Kyve, Commentary (supra,n. 81) ad 435.


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cannot be nvove n ths type of zeugma (cf. KhnerGerth [supra, n.22] 2, 570-1). An t w not o to post, as Vater hestanty suggests113, aacuna after 438: as a quasi-quotaton of Hectors sarcastc reference n 419, must be governe by . Herwerens rewrtngof 438, 114, wou remove theanacouthon but s too far remove from the paraoss115. The anacouthon,t seems, s authora.

32. Rh. 443

, Cobet: - gV et Chr. Pat. 1728 Chr. Pat.

Arght then, i may have come ate, but my arrva s tmeynonetheess.

Contrary to the majorty of the mss. an the consensus of etors, s probaby to be rea here (cf. Chr. Pat. 1728 : mss.).Tragc om seems to prefer after verbs of moton116, athough thsof course can be no har-an-fast rue117. Cf. aso the nstances of / cte by P. T. Stevens, Colloquial expressions in Euripides,Wesbaen 1976, 28 an by dawe ad S. OT78.

33. Rh. 451-3

, .451 l. dnorf: V: O: Q, - L 452 Krchho 452-3 : Nauck, (Hozner) ue dgge hos uu. e.Herweren

113 Vater, Rhesus (supra, n. 45) ad 425.114 H. van Herweren, Novae commentatones Eurpeae, RPh 18, 1894, 60-98, here 84.115 For a recent scusson of anacouthon (n Pato) see S. R. Sngs, Fgures of Speech an

ther lookakes: Two Further Exercses n the Pragmatcs of the Greek Sentence, n: E. J.Bakker (e.), Grammar as Interpretation: Greek Literature in its Linguistic Contexts,leen 1997, 169-214, here 192-213.

116 e.g. Rh. 52 , E. Hel. 1081 , Hipp. 899, Hec. 666, Herc.701,Ph. 106, Or. 384; S.Aj. 1168.

117

Cf. E. fr. 727c.39 Kn. ,Alc. 817, Or. 212, as aganst n E.Alc.1101, S. OT1416.


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As for you, et no one take up a she wth hs han; for i wstay(?) the boastfu Greeks, vanqushng them wth my spear, muchas i have arrve beatey.

in 451, s a suggeston by l. dnorf118. Of the varants mentone ndgges app. crt.119, ony the Q s ngustcay possbe, though nferor ueto ts uratve verba aspect: what Rhesus emans s that the Trojans gveup war, once an for a120.

Far greater cutesare presente by . The probem wth s that ts meanng successfuy to sustan an attack (e.g. Hom. Il. 11.820,12.166, 13.51, 20.27; guratve n P. fr. 232 SneMaeher) s ncompatbewth the fact that n ths pay the Greeks have been on the efensve (56-64), an t s Rhesus who w be the assaant. inee, an are

esewhere use by Hector wth regar to hs vanquishingof the Greeks, cf.Rh. 60 ; 101 . Krchhos121 ,i sha a , .e. by vanqushng the boastfu Greeks n batte, s neat anpaeographcay pausbe122. However, n tragey the object of oesnot seem ever to be omtte, except n exhortatons 123. Moreover, as Nauckntmates124, i sha a the Trojans s no oubt too moest a promse from aman who has came to be abe to vanqush the entre Greek army n a sngeay. Naucks (l.c.) aternatve suggeston (for i havecome n orer to vanqush...) s aso smpe an eegant, but t wou be harto magne how an why t was corrupte nto ... (the presumechange n the tense of the partcpe seems partcuary puzzng).

Mnma change s nvove n a suggeston that occurre nepenenty todgge an to Kovacs125, namey , i sha come back havngpunere the boastfu Achaeans. But athough ths s amraby economca,t perhaps paces unue emphass on the ea of Rhesus coming back fromhs aristeia, when Rhesus has just stresse that he w mmeateygo away

118 Recore apud dnorf, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 15), ad 451.119 For the varants cf. E. Hel. 1597 Emsey: L, - P.120 On the stncton between uratve an etermne aspect n commans an prohb-

tons cf. Humbert, supra, n. 22. 298-305.121 A. Krchho (e.), Euripidis tragoediae, Bern 1855, 1, 556 (ad 441).122 The asyneton wou be expanatory, cf. KhnerGerth (supra, n. 22) 2, 344. For the

concent aorst () wth future eang verb () see Barrett ad E. Hipp. 289-92an dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 356.

123 in A. Eu. 232 the object s , to be taken aso wth ; n A. fr. 168.26Rat, [ s merey lattes exempli gratia suppement.

124 Nauck, Stuen (supra, n. 20) 174.125 Kovacs, Euripidea Tertia (supra, n. 11) 147. The attrbuton to dgge s to be foun n

Jouan, Euripide (supra, n. 29) 29 n app. crt. inee, i am nforme by dgge (per litteras)

that he propose to Jouan sometme before the atters eton, but refrane from pubsh-ng t because of oubts that he now fees are ess strong.


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(450) after efeatng the Greeks. in support of + aorst partcpe toescrbe performng a feat an returnng to te about t (wth no partcuaremphass on the returnng) Kovacs n prvate corresponence ponts me toa number of aege paraes: E.Alc. 488 ; Hec. 930-2 , | | ;; Tro. 460-1 | ; Rh. 156-7 |. However, n a these nstances the ea of returning or of arrivings cruca to the passages pont: n Hec. escrbes a goa of prmarymportance126; n Tro. Cassanra envsages a trumphant arrva n Haes; nRh. doons comng back from hs spyng msson s an essenta prerequstefor ts success; an nAlc. s contraste to , an eventuaty whch(as areay note) s to be excue n Rh. 451-3. i can n no satsfactory

parae for the use of aorst partcpe + (vel sim.) to emphasze prmarythe act enote by the partcpe rather than by ; the syntagm oes notmerey sgnfy i get the job one an come back wth the news (.e. i bemy own messenger before gong back home to Thrace), as Kovacs mantans,but rather i will return after performng the task.

dgges aternatve suggestons (Hozner) (for i am strong enough to vanqush...) or (for isha succour by vanqushng..., cf. lSJ s.v. iii, athough theepss of object seems unomatc) are ngenous but too far remove fromthe traton.

No satsfactory expeent es to han, uness one wants to conser asouton of espar: cou be after a what the author wrote, presumabyuner the mstaken mpresson that n the iac passages cteabove means generay to vanqush rather than to repe an attacker; cf.especay Od. 22.171-2 , whch spartcuary abe to such a msunerstanng, snce the sutors there are notattackers, an = we sha vanqush seems (eceptvey) pausbe.

34. Rh. 458-60

. 460459 Nauck:

As for the shps from Argos, they have never nether before nornow brought [here] a man superor to you.

126

As J. Gregory ponts out (Euripides: Hecuba, Atanta 1999, ad 932), the goas of sack-ng Troy an returnng home are tratonay nke.


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As Wnk remarke127, Naucks easy transposton postuates ony that was skppe after an ater restore n the wrong pace. Morecompcate s Rtches128 , snce t requres | n the antstrophe (825-6, wth nta anceps n the enopan at826). Pace129 keeps the ms. reang, ves after , an scans theresut as choramb + penthemmer (.e. the coaron x x)130. Ths posessevera probems. Frst, t mars responson wth 825, whch Pace scans as aekython snce she msguey enes that the two stanzas corresponn the rst pace131. Secony, Paces coometry eaves us wth the ensungcoon ( ), whch s har to makesense of132.

35. Rh. 467-8

The ntene meanng seems to be Such s the compensaton i w aowyou to exact for my ong absence, ookng back to Rhesus pege n 447-53133. Kovacs134 ns i w aow you to exact such thngs har to makesense of, especay snce n hs mmeatey preceng nes 451-3 [Rhesus]forbs the Trojans to o anythng to the Greeks an promses he w o taone; moreover, Kovacs compans, has no obvousconstructon. Therefore, he argues, somethng must have faen out after 467,e. g. , so that the run of the sentence maybe i sha aow you to exact from me my ong absence,. in Kovacs restoraton, wou be pontng ahea to the attack aganst Greece that Rhesus proposes

127 Wnk, Cantca (supra, n. 9) 37 = Collected Papers 576.128 Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 311.129 Reso (supra, n. 36) 41-2.130 See M. l. West, Greek Metre, Oxfor 1982, 30, 198.131 Cf. aso G. Pace, [E.] Rh. 454-466: 820-832, QUCC65, 2000, 127-39; enorse by

dee donne, in margne (supra, n. 39) 180-1, 193-4. Paces osyncratc coometry earneher some sharp crtcsms from Wnk, Cantca (supra, n. 9) 33-7 = Collected Papers 572-6passim.

132 Pace unhepfuy cas t prosoac. One mght choose to ca t anapaest + sponee, butths wou be to sregar the metrca context. To scan t as (cf. K. itsum,Enopan n Tragey,BICS38, 1991-1993, 243-61, here 253 wth n. 29), assumng contrac-ton of the ast bceps, wou be unavsabe for ack of paraes. To ca t a ragge gyconcwou be mpossbe, for the aeoc base never takes the form n tragey (dae, LyricMetres [supra, n. 38] 133-4; West, Greek Metre [supra, n. 130] 30).

133 Thus lnemann,Ad annuam lustrationem (supra, n. 60) 12; J. Wackernage, Glotta

7, 1916, 161-319, here 194 n. 1.134 Euripidea Tertia (supra, n. 11) 147-8.


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to unertake, over an above hs promse efeat of the Greek aggressors, n469-73.

ingenous as t s, Kovacs conjecture s open to objectons. Frst, sprobaby recaptuatory (appostey so, after the eeven-ne chora nteruen 454-66), wth (467) contrastng the feats that Rhesus has promse toperform on behaf of the Trojans all by himself(447-53) wth the atona (469) servces he w oer, in joined effort with Hector (471 ), once the war s over, namey the propose expeton aganst Greece(469-73). Moreover,pace Kovacs, there s no rea contracton between 467-8 (Rhesus w aow Hector to benet from hs exceptona vaour) an 451-3(Rhesus vaour nees no support from the Trojans). But even f there weresuch a contracton, t wou st not be an nsurmountabe one, snce tresurfaces a tte ater, at 469-70, where Rhesus mpes contrary

to hs nsstence, n 451, that no Trojan shou nterfere n hs attack aganstthe Greeks that the beraton of Troy w be acheve by the jont eortof Hector an hmsef (a rhetorcay expeent evce, as t paves the way forRhesus proposa of a jont expeton aganst Greece n the foowng nes,471-3). As for Kovacs compant that has no obvousconstructon, t s har to see why t cannot be gentve of exchange / prcefrom exact (as trbute or ne) an unusua but unerstanabesyntax135. One may compare Rh. 192 ; E.Med. 534-5 (auce by Paey136) | ; S. Tr. 287-8137 | Z .

When a s sa an one, there may we be some textua corruptonurkng n (cf. dgge n app. crt). if - - concea awor or wors meanng compensaton or requta, then a compement nthe gentve wou be perfecty n orer. An emenaton n ths recton sMusgraves 138, these thngs i sha oer you as a compensatonfor my ong absence or perhaps (though ths s oubtfu) as a postveoutcome of my absence, .e. i sha turn my absence nto an avantage foryou; cf. lSJ s.v. , i.2, Vi.2, an E. IA 270-2

| ... | ( = requta); Hom. Il. 24.524 , no goo comes from weepng. But seems o; Musgraves emenaton mght be mprove by reang .

135 Quotaton from d. J. Mastronare, Electronic Antiquity 8.1, 2004, 15-30, here 21 (n arevew of Kovacs, Euripides [supra, n. 16]).

136 F. A. Paey (e.), Euripides, lonon 18722, vo. 1, on Rh. 467.137 Auce by Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 249.138

S. Musgrave, Exercitationum in Euripidem libri duo, leen 1762, 94; so aso Krch-ho, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 121) 556 ad 457.


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36. Rh. 481

; Q: - OV: L: cf. V ( Schwartz, Wamowtz

We then, once we have ke these men, w we not have accom-pshe everythng?

We can summary spose of the L reang139, because the noton of anunfue conton t ntrouces s unacceptabe here: Rhesus presents theeventuaty of efeatng the Greeks as a whoy reastc one. The Q s ofcourse entrey n orer (cf. e.g. E. Alc. 607, El. 610, 771, Hel. 53), but so

s the OV: cf. E.Andr. 448-9 | ( corrupte nto n some mss!); IA 1540 ; fr. 800.2 Kanncht (Nauck : mss); fr. 918.2 Kn. ( Ar.Ach. 660, Suda 40 Aer : Cc.Att. 8.8.2). Perhaps ssghty preferabe n vew of the foowng (482) neuter puras ,140. But the queston s a har one to sette.

37. Rh. 496

;

LQ: V: O

We then, who ese after hm s he n hgh esteem n the army?

There s somethng to be sa for the O reang, whch i take to stem from anorgna . despte ts cooqua tone141, s transmtte eght tmesn the mss. of Eurpes, n questons motvate by preceng enuncatons,often (as here) after the rejecton of an ea or n ntroucng a new pont142;cf. Cyc. 450, Med. 1012 (v.l. : , are aso transmtte), Hel. 1246, IA 1443( Trcnus : Gasfor), 1447 ( Gasfor,prob. dgge), El. 244 ( Seer,prob. dgge), 1116 ( Nauck,prob. dgge), Ion 275 ( Emsey, Porson). For n questons n tragey cf. aso A. Cho. 900

139 defene by J. Haron, Correctons e queques passages e a trage e Rhsus,Histoire de lAcadmie royale des inscriptions et belles-lettres 5, 1741, 68-75, here 74 (apece wrtten n 1731). Contra Matthae, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 45) ad 477.

140 Cf. dgge, Euripidea (supra, n. 4) 324 n. 11.141 Cf. P. T. Stevens, Colloquial Expressions in Euripides, Wesbaen 1976, 45-6, ctng

inter alia exampes from comey. On as a comc cooquasm see aso A. lpez Ere, La

lengua colloquial de la comedia aristofnica,Murca 1996, 211.142 dennston,Particles (supra, n. 54) 263; cf. aso Page ad E. Med. 339.


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...143; in genera, etors are wary of acceptng n tragey uness they fee ts cooqua tone s warrante by the stuaton; acharacterstc exampe s Jebb (on S.Ant. 318, App. p. 250): Each passage nwhch the mss. ascrbe to [Eurpes] shou be teste by our sense of theegree n whch, there, he meant to reprouce the anguage of every-ay fe.However, Stevens (supra, n. 141) 45 has rghty cast oubt on the vaty ofths very subjectve crteron, an of the assumpton that E.[urpes]s use ofcooquasms was entrey reguate by some snge prncpe.

38. Rh. 527-30

; ;

530

Whose turn s t to o guar uty? Who s to reeve my shft? Therst sgns are settng, an the Peaes are aoft aong ther sevenfopaths n the heavens.

in the wake of lachmann144 an others, C. W. Wnk145 emene nto , sc. , argung that the transmtte brevis in longo at. . . || s extraornary (n m-phrase). i fa to see anythngextraornary here: for brevis in longo (an subsequent pero-en) n m-phrase cf. e.g. E. Med. 427 (~ 415). Ase from ths, how can the chorussay that the stars corresponng to the rst watch (Wnks [sc.] ) are settng ony now? That the rst watch of the nghthas ong been over s shown by Rh. 538-41: n fact, the Trojans s thefourthwatch, cf. 5 146.

39. Rh. 546-50

. 550548 O: -VLQ V - O? (~O1c?) 550

dnorf ( am Reske): - fere (- Q)

143 See Garve ad l., who opts n the en for Auratus .144 Cf. Vater, Rhesus (supra, n. 45) 196.145 See CQ 21, 1971, 351 n. 4; cf. more expcty Wnk, Cantca (supra, n. 9) 39 = Col-

lected Papers 577-8.146 Cf. aso Vater, l.c. (supra, n. 144).


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Sttng at the booe rver-bank of the Smos, the nghtngae,sayer of her own son, wth ts many-tone voce puts nto song tsmusc-makng cares.

in 547, the mss. are vrtuay unanmous n transmttng . However, theschoa ad l147. gve as a (very temptng) - varant. The emma s acut one, an more compcate than the unversa acceptance of bymoern etors may suggest. Both an can govern ; for wth nterna accusatve cf. A. fr. 291 Rat (?) . The nghtngaes pantve song can be thought ofboth as an as , cf. Ar.Av. 210-11 , | ; for cf. Rh. 976. Moreover, wth an object meanng songs straghtforwar, ess so, an thus the former mght n prncpe be a

banazaton. On baance, however, seems safer: may have beenntrouce by someone who took the verbs object to be , sothat n eect = amentng her booe weng; thus e.g. the schoast adl. ( ) 148, an Vater(luget cruentas nuptias luscinia)149,

As for , dnorfs emenaton of the mss. or 150 ( ha areay been proposeby Reske151) s vrtuay unassaabe. Wth one wou have to take as an ajectve152, an unparaee usage. The sp from accusatve tonomnatve wou have been an easy one after the three nomnatves ,, 153.

40. Rh. 552-3

.

Person : OV: - LQ

i hear the soun of a ppe paye by nght.

defenng the lectio tradita as aganst Persons commony accepteemenaton, Pace154 argues that , supposey an

147 See E. Schwartz, Scholia in Euripidem, Bern 1891, 2, 341.21.148 See Schwartz, Scholia (supra, n. 147) 341.22.149 Vater, Rhesus (supra, n. 45) ad 532.150 dnorf, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 15) ad 550.151 Reske,Animadversiones (supra, n. 32) 89. For earer attempts to emen see Wecken,

SBAWMnchen (supra, n. 72) 495-6.152 Cf. Hermann, Opuscula (supra, n. 60) 306.153

Thus Porter, Rhesus (supra, n. 111) ad l.154 Note (supra, n. 22) 458-9.


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enaage for . ., can mean the utes soun that runs (=spreas)through the nght. However, n Greek soun can trave ()155 or comeout ()156, but t never seems to run. For the confuson BPOM /POM cf. E. Herc. 1212 Reske : L.

41. Rh. 560-1

560; .560 O: VaLQ

Cou t be that he chance on a hen ambush an pershe? Thss what i fear.

The unmetrca (VaLQ) n 560 may have starte fe as annternear goss. Ths seems to be conrme by the reang of O n 559( ), where the uncae-for (from an orgna?) apparenty ntrue from the nternear space beow. Whe s oubtess correct, t s roncay ess accurate than : means to burst n (cf. S. OT1252), to fa n (by chance),an t s the atter sense that we nee here. in E. Or. 1315, Weckens ( mss.) s base on the presentpassage, an thus oers no warranty for the vaty of here the

more so snce Or. 1315-16 are probaby nterpoate (Wnk ad l.), an atany rate s an unnaturay voent verb n that context (Wnkl.c, though i cannot accept hs vew that the noton of strkng s muchmore to the pont n Rh. 560).

lne 561 presents a much more cut probem. Among the emenatonspropose i snge out Morstats (;) 157, Hermanns {}158, an Herwerens () ; 159. Takng hs cue from Hermann, dgge propose a neat rewrtng:

. t shou soon become apparent (viz., whether doonhas met wth fou pay). We, ths s exacty160 what ive been fearng.

155 Cf. A. Sept. 964; S. Tr. 208; E. Supp. 89, El. 879.156 S.Aj. 892.157 Morstat, (supra, n. 40) 23.158 Hermann, Opuscula (supra, n. 60) 306.159

Herweren, Novae commentatones (supra, n. 114) 85.160 On see dennston,Particles (supra, n. 54) 353-5.


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Omsson of wou be ue to an error ex homoeoteleuto(). However, the soe parae for the change of speaker at thebegnnng of a paroemac seems to be S. Tr. 977161 .More raca, though peasantyconcse, s Heaams { }162: do you thnk doon mayhave been ambushe? No oubt (the excse wors were presumaby aeto compete the syntax, whch was wrongy fet to be ncompete). For eptca n repes Feckert163ad 561 compares P. Soph. 255c, Resp. 369a. True,there seem to be no tragc exampes of eptc use n responses. St,S. OC964-5 , | shows that can be use eptcay as a vrtua synonym of perhaps: seeJebb ad l. an App. 283-6 for etae scusson. in the en, Heaams soutonseems to be preferabe, qua more economca.

42. Rh. 567-8

, 568 Bothe (enuo Paey):

No, t s rather rens strkng on charot ras that prouce a metacnose.

Bothes emenaton164 ntrouces a bo cognate accusatve (governe by

), for whch cf. A. Sept. 386 . Porter, Rhesus(supra, n.111) ad l. further compares Sept. 123 (see Hutchnson ad l.).

There s tte to be sa for the mss. reang, retane by Zanetto anJouan. it wou enta one of the foowng three nterpretatons:

(1) take as a brachyogy for - , theyemt an ron soun (wth as gentve of quaty); but i can n nosatsfactory parae for such a brachyogy;

(2) take as the autory equvaent of e.g. ,

etc.;165

but ths agan wou be unparaee;(3) take as = (.e. wth as gentve ofmatera);166 ths wou go perversey aganst the run of the sentence.

161 See Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 292.162 W. Heaam, Notes on Eurpes.-ii, CR 15, 1901, 98-108, here 103.163 Rhesus (supra, n. 92) ad 561.164 F. H. Bothe, Euripides Werke verdeutscht von, Bern & Stettn 1803, 5, 296.165 Cf. Vater, Rhesus (supra, n. 45) ad 551; P. Abert,De Rheso tragoedia, ss., Hae 1876,

37, dnorf, Euripidis tragoediae (supra, n. 15) ad 568 paraphrasesAeris sonum reddit. Forthe constructon see KhnerGerth (supra, n.22) 1, 356-7.

166

A souton put forth by Feckert, Rhesus (supra, n. 92) ad 568 but attrbute by Vaterl.c. (supra, n. 165) to Bothe (i have been unabe to conrm ths). Jouan, Euripide (supra, n.


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43. Rh. 585-6

A ;586 OVa : LQ

Why, shount we attack Aeneas or Pars then, that most hatefu ofTrojans, an hack ther heas o wth a swor?

Shou we rea or n 586? A cut choce. The mperfect of s use to express the ea that somethng ought to be the case but s not.Thus, here wou rather appostey suggest domees reuctance n theface of Oysseus ecson not to k any more Trojans: but st, shou we

not be (now n the process of) gong an cuttng o Aeneas an Pars heas(as we are not at ths moment)?. On the other han, makes domeesa tte more unreentng, snce he nssts that a promnent Trojan must besan at a costs; beses, shount we go an cut o Aeneas an Pars heass a more straghtforwar proposton.

44. Rh. 607 , OLQ : Va : Va1s

For eath w come to hm from another mans han.

Vas (n a supranear note by the coexs rst scrbe) eserves greaterattenton. For eath comng to humans cf. e.g. E.Alc. 671 ; Hipp. 1373 ; Troad. 1167 .Amttey, however, i cannot n any nstances n whch (rather than) s use of the comng of eath.

45. Rh. 613-15

, , . 615615 lentng : mss.

He (sc. Rhesus) s encampe nearby an has not jone the (rest ofthe) army; rather, Hector statone hm apart from the ranks untthe comng aybreak.

29) 35 aopts t n hs transaton: ce sont es chanes e fer es atteages qu grncent.


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lentngs emenaton s nspensabe, for otherwse (wth n theaccusatve) the sense wou be exacty the opposte: unt ayght s succeeeby nght. Paeys (Euripides, supra, n. 136) ea that s acceptabe Greek for sha have taken ght n exchange for tsef, .e. shahave gven pace to ay s untenabe: get n exchange for requresa gentve (or + gentve) ncatng the thng exchange, as we as anaccusatve ncatng the thng got n exchange, e.g. S. Tr. 736-7 | .

46. Rh. 635

. fere OV ( post O): - LQ O et

aut L1m

aut Trm

: VLQ

For t s forben that ths one (=Aexaner) shou e at yourhans.

as such s foun n no snge ms. O has , n keepng wth ts characterstc penchant for the uitiumByzantinum (cf. e.g. Rh. 170, 218, 220, 426, 433, 503, 506, 606, 618, 635,636). V has ; a margna note n L (ether by therst scrbe or by Trcnus) has , whereas Q an L

post corr. have - - . Whe there can be no oubt that (whch s ncompatbe wth ) s a mere corrupton of167, t s har to ece on the rght wor orer: or ()? Pace dgge, i shou be ncne toopt for the atter: t s lectio difcilior because of the separaton of noun anpossessve, for whch cf. e.g. Hom. Il. 6.368 ; S. El. 1033 ; KhnerGerth (supra,n. 22) 2, 600.

47. Rh. 636-7 636 P2:

But make haste towars (the man) for whom you have arrvebrngng fate saughter.

167

For the corrupton cf. E. IT553 Tr2

: P. For the nverse error cf. IT484 Seer: L et Stob. 3.8.6.


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Whe the majorty reang obvousy makes tte sense, - s not entrey accurate: the man whom domees has come () tok s not Rhesus, but Hector (575-6 ). Ang to the confuson, thepace to whch domees has come (), .e. the Trojan camp, s not thesame as the pace to whch he s enjone to hasten (), .e. the separate(cf. 520 ) space assgne Rhesus for the nght. it wou be unkey forAthena, of a characters, to be msrepresentng the facts, snce t s thanksto her nterventon (595-607) that the Greeks turne ther murerousattentons, mway, from the unreachabe Hector to the more vunerabeRhesus. Kovacs 168 (but hasten whther you w arrve brngngfate saughter) oes remove the naccuracy, but ony at the expense ofntroucng a reunancy: n Athenas mouth, , make haste, sureympes that domees w arrve, 169. Moreover, as Mastronare has

ponte out170, here s supporte by the antthess wth n theprevous ne (not Aexaner but Rhesus).i suggest: | , but

make haste as you brng fate saughter to the man t beseems (sc. to brngsaughter)171 .Ths s precsey the pont one shou expect Athena to make:snce fate w not aow domees to say Aexaner (635), domees shourather brng saughter to a target whose eath s not forben by fate (cf.), an may therefore be escrbe as bettng or sutabe.

48. Rh. 640-1

640 .

An athough i have sa these wors, he (=Aexaner) oes notknow nor has he hear who s the man who must suer, though hebe wthn earshot of my speech.

168 Euripidea Tertia (supra, n. 11) 148-9.169 Kovacs (per litteras) ponts out to me that the emphass n the reatve cause fas, as s

often the case, not on the verb of moton () but on the partcpe epenent on t (),cf. Goown, Syntax(supra, n. 34) 895 so that the whoe means But make haste to theman to whom your comng w brng fate saughter. Ths s true, but the (characterstcayEurpean) om + partcpe s usuay reserve for stuatons n whch a characterexpans the purpose for whch he has come or the crcumstances n whch he has come; cf. E.Or. 245-6, 688, 854, 1323, 1628; A. Th. 40,Ag. 258; S.Ant. 394-5, El. 666; Bon on E. Hyps.fr. 60.39 (p. 110); T. B. l. Webster, CR 47, 1933, 117-23, here 118. in other wors, the ea of apersons arrival remans centra n such expressons, even though the eang ea s conveyeby the partcpe.

170 Mastronare, n Electronic Antiquity (supra, n. 135) 21-2.171

The corrupton from - to may have been factate by the smarty be-tween the mnuscue abbrevatons for an for .


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Schmts172 for the mss. s worth conserng: , wth ts emphatcay pace rst-person pronoun, mpes afase antthess between Athena an another speakingperson. But the trueantthess s between domees, to whom Athena has been speakng, anAexaner, who s prevente from hearng what Athena has just sa. For Schmt compares E. El. 1276 (youcontraste to the ensung the ctzens), Supp. 1213 (asoppose to ), Hel. 1662 (fooweby ),Ph. 568 (an aress to Eteoces concue by an foowe by an aress to Poynces, , ,)173.

it s true that n a of Schmts exampes s pace at the begnnngof the sentence, n emphatc poston. Ths, however, s no argument aganst

hs emenaton. inta n the passages nvoke by Schmt brngs ntofocus the antthess between the preceng porton of the speakers utterance,whch was aresse to , an the foowng porton, whch s aresseto someone ese. in the present passage, by contrast, the antthess s notbetween two erent aressees but rather between a character ( ,you, domees) who can hear the speaker an another character who cannot.Foregrounng makes t cear that ths antthess s ue to a cacuatesparty between those aware of Athenas pan (, summarzng 636-9)an those st n the ark.

49. Rh. 686

(X.) P ; (O.) (ante ) nuam notam O: . VlQ (ante ) . O: om. VLQ dnorf; cf. A. Ch. 918, dennston, GP 4-5 LV: - OQ

(Chorus) So, was t you who ke Rhesus? (Odysseus) No; (irather ke) the man who was gong to kyou.

The ne seems rremeaby absur. The rst hemstch may be spoken etherby the chorus (thus VLQ) or by Oysseus174 n the atter case, presumaby

172 See F. W. Schmt,Kritische Studien zu den griechischen Dramatikern, Bern 1886,2, 378.

173 Cf. aso J. dgge, P.Petre 1.1-2: Eurpes, Antiope,PCPhS42, 1996, 106-26, here110-11.

174 Thus Kovacs, Euripides (supra, n. 16) 422, supporte by Mastronare, n ElectronicAntiquity (supra, n. 135) 22. it has been argue by l. Battezzato (Paroa orne e strbuz-one ee battute n [Eurpe], Reso 682-89, Lexis 22, 2004, 277-88, here 277-9, 280-4) thatboth Oysseus an domees are n the orchestra, an that the rst haf of 686 s aresse

by the chorus to domees, whe the secon haf s spoken by Oysseus, who qucky chmesn to prevent a mness response by domees. For arguments aganst the noton that do-


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as a re herrng to stract the Trojan guars. Ether way, one fas to seewhy Rhesus murer shou be mentone at a: the chorus have not yetbeen apprze of t, whe Oysseus has no nterest n reveang the fact 175.The same objecton goes for Morstats otherwse nterestng suggeston that refers to murerous ntent rather than to actua murer (cf. S.Aj. 1126 wth Jebb ad l.; E. Ion 1500)176. As for the secon hemstch, tmakes tte sense, however one ooks at t. if spoken by the chorus, t mustmean somethng ke No, but (i rather ke) yoursef () who meant tok ( ). But how can the chorus surmse that Oysseusntene to k Rhesus? if the secon haf-ne s spoken by Oysseus (thuspresumaby O), hs re herrng s boun to prove neectve, snce he w beunabe to prouce the boy of the mysterous potenta murerer he camsto have san. A n a, the ne s best eete, just ke 685 (cf. dgge in

app. crit.).Here are some representatve attempts that have been mae to extractsome sense out of 686.

(1) Baham, foowe by Schenk an Paey, transposes 685/6 anntrouces concomtant emenatons177: |686 . ;X. |685 . . , . X. ,, . But ths st eaves us wth the unwante menton of Rhesus,an s mpossbe Greek for nay, i am askngyou about the person who came to k us (a pont haf-concee by Paey).Moreover, one fas to see the connecton of Oysseus , wth what precees t.

(2) Wamowtz178 suggeste recombnng 680 an 685 nto a trochacverse (X. [ mss.] . . X. ), to be pace after 679. But the resutng trochac tetrameterwou ack, as Wamowtz was aware, the requste caesura after the seconmetron; presume exceptons to ths rue, namey A.Pers. 165 an S.Phil.1402, are probaby to be emene or eete179, an at any rate they are too

mees, as we as Oysseus, s present onstage see my forthcomng commentary on Rhesus(ad 681/678-9).

175 Ths was areay seen by S. Pett, Miscellaneorum libri novem, Pars 1630, 3, 196; cf.aso l. C. Vackenaer,Diatribe in Euripidis perditorum dramatum reliquias, leen 1767,108-9; Morstat,Beitrag(supra, n. 40) 36-7; H. Grgore, n Mlanges offerts M. OctaveNavarre, Tououse 1935, 232-3; Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 73-4; Battezzato, Paroa(supra, n. 174) 281.

176 Morstat,Beitrag(supra, n. 40) 37. For other, ess key expanatons see e.g. Baham,Msceanea (supra, n. 13) 337; d. Ebener (e.), Rhesos: Tragdie eines unbekannten Dich-ters, Bern 1966, 17.

177 See Baham, Msceanea (supra, n. 13) 337; K. Schenk, de Eurpesche teraturvon 1850-1862,Philologus 20, 1863, 485; Paey, Euripides (supra, n. 135) ad 686.

178 Hermes 44, 1909, 445-76, here 451-2 =Kleine Schriften (e. K. latte), Bern 1962, 4,

230-1.179 Cf. West, Greek Metre (supra, n. 130) 91; Garve on A.Pers. 165.


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few an far between to warrant Wamowtzs souton. Moreover, shary the response one shou expect of a cornere Oysseus; sgncanty,Wamowtz foun hmsef obge to preten that can mean, neect, easy now (nur ruhg).

(3) H. Grgore180, emene 686 nto (.) , , ont cuge someone youve areay ke, gorather for the one who s about to k you. The emenaton makes for oycontorte Greek, not east because t uses n both ts guratvean ts tera senses n the space of a snge ne.

(4) in the wake of a number of earer schoars181, Rtche avance apreposterous hypothess182: (i) Oysseus, who has espoe Rhesus, entersca n the atters armour; (ii) he s subsequenty struck own by one ofthe bows accompanyng the of 685; (iii) members of the chorus

reaze that the man they attacke bears the arms of Rhesus; the suspcons formuate n the rst haf-ne of 686, whch s spoken by some of thechoreuts: have you ke Rhesus?; to whch the rest of the choreuts repy(secon haf-ne of 686) no, i ony ke someone who was gong to kyou. At ths juncture, Rtche argues, Oysseus comes to an eces topay aong by pretenng that he actuay s Rhesus; whereby he eventuaymanages to escape. Ths nterpretaton cannot ho water. Rtches pont(i) s untenabe snce Oysseus cannot be aowe any accoutrements (suchas Rhesus armour) that mght gve hm away; hs pont (ii) s weakeneby the stnct possbty that 685 s extremey har to make sense of, anperhaps nterpoate; as for hs pont (iii), t fas together wth pont (i).Most mportanty, the chorus are too famar wth Rhesus outwar aspect(they ha neary 150 nes n whch to observe hm, 380-526) to be fooe soeasy by Oysseus mposture183. An f they did somehow take Oysseusto be Rhesus, they wou surey not have mae a pont of askng hm theformabe eaer of an ae army! for the nghts passwor (688), whchthey know has areay been gven hm by Hector (521).

180 (supra, n. 175) 233-6.181 e.g. S. Musgrave, : Euripidis quae extant omnia, Oxfor 1778,

2, 410 (on Rh. 688); Beck, Exercitatio (supra, n. 81) 11-12; Morstat,Beitrag(supra, n. 40)32.

182 Rtche,Authenticity (supra n. 8) 73-4; for the absurty cf. J. A. Hartung, Euripidesrestitutus sive scriptorum Euripidis ingeniique censura, Hamburg 1843, 1, 32 n.**; C. B.Sneer,De Rheso tragoedia, ss. Utrecht, Amsteram 1949, 21. Battezzato, Paroa (supra,n. 174) 279-80 thnks that the author of Rh. foows here the doonea, where the two G

Documents

Notes on Rhesus