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Taipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung April 26, 2013 East-Asian Nuclear Energy Forum Nuclear Safety after the Fukushima Accident

Nuclear Power in Taiwan - · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

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Page 1: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Nuclear Power in Taiwan

Lin Cheng-Chung April 26, 2013

East-Asian Nuclear Energy Forum Nuclear Safety after the Fukushima Accident

Page 2: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

National Energy Policy

Nuclear Power Performance in 2012

Safety Improvement Progress after Fukushima

Status and controversy of Lungmen

Outline

1

Page 3: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

National Energy Policy Announced by President Ma on November 3, 2011

• Ensure nuclear safety

• Gradually reduce reliance on nuclear power

• Create a green power and low-carbon environment

• Gradually become a nuclear-free country

Under the three major principles – no power rationing

– maintaining reasonable power prices

– making good on our pledges to reduce carbon emissions"

2

Page 4: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Nuclear Free is approaching

• Decommission

– Chinshan Units 1&2 in 2018 & 2019

– Kuosheng Units 1&2 in 2021 & 2023

– Maanshan Units 1&2 in 2024 & 2025

• Lungmen project may continue

provided that the Referendum is

passed in favor of continuing

construction

3

Page 5: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Nuclear Power Performance in 2012

4

Page 6: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower Taipower

Nuclear Installed Capacity

5,144 MW

Electricity Generation

38.9 billion kWh

Maanshan

GE BWR-4 636 MWe x 2 Commercial

Operation Date : # 1 Dec. 1978 # 2 July 1979

GE BWR-6 985 MWe x 2 Commercial Operation

Date : #1 Dec. 1981 #2 Mar. 1983

GE ABWR 1350 MWe x2 (Under Construction)

Kuosheng

Lungmen

Westinghouse PWR 951 MWe x 2 Commercial Operation Date :

# 1 July 1984 #2 May 1985

Chinshan

Outline of Taipower’s NPPs

5

Page 7: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Power System Performance in Taiwan

Renewable 6.8% Wind 1.37% Hydro 5.08% Solar 0.33%

Coal 20.0%

Oil 8.1%

P.S.Hydro 6.4%

Nuclear 12.6%

LNG 25.9%

IPP18.8% Coal 7.56% LNG 11.25%

40,970 MW Cogen 1.5%

Installed Capacity in 2012

Renewable 3.4% Wind 0.70 % Hydro 2.66 % Solar 0.07%

Coal 30.2%

P.S.Hydro 1.4% Nuclear

18.4%

LNG 23.1%

Cogen3.4%

IPP 17.6% Coal 10.46% LNG 7.18%

212 billion kWh

Electricity Generation in 2012

6

Page 8: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Nuclear Performance of TPC C

ap

acity

Fa

tor (

%)

Gen

eratio

n (b

illion

kW

h)

38.940.0

39.338.4

36.336.9 37.0

34.1

38.037.4 37.9

32.5 33.0 33.5 33.934.9 35.4

38.339.0

40.0 40.5

89.992.2

87.95

78.1

86.0

75.176.6 76.8

82.781.1

82.3 84.5

87.1

79.8

87.0 87.988.9 90.3 89.0

92.393.1

0

10

20

30

40

50

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

0

20

40

60

80

100

KS #1 delayed 60days to restart after

7 anchor bolts with cracks were found and

replaced during EOC-22 refueling outage

(scheduled March 16~April 20, 2012).

The electricity generation loss was

about 1.4 billion kWh.

7

Page 9: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Low-Level Radwaste

84

2351

3410

4202

4041

8284

12724

10460

9117

7274

8535

7861

8919

6305

8241

5017

5335

5393

4253

2692

2114 2123

2101

1655

1481

1489

1430

1245

1199

816

878

828 780

833726

716

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2012 2011 2012

solidification

others

drums

others:combustible, compressible, spent resin……

8

Page 10: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower Taipower

Additional Power gained in 2012

9

Plant

Electric

Power Gained

SPU

(Stretch Power

Uprate)

Chinshan

27.72 MW

H/P TB Rotor

Replacement

Maanshan

34.83 MW

Page 11: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Safety Improvement Progresses After

Fukushima Accident

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Taipower Taipower

Lessons Learned - Comparison

11

Page 13: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

# Items Fukushima

Dai-ichi TPC NPPs

1 ESW Sheltered None Yes

2 Distance from sea shore 100m CS,KS,LM Over 500 m

MS Over 250m

3 Back up air-cooled D/G (CS,KS,MS:5th;LM:7th)

None Yes (elevation 11.2~15 m)

4 Back up air-cooled G/T None Yes (elevation 22~35 m)

5 Raw water storage pool None Yes (37~107 thousand ton, 51~116 m)

Advantages of Taiwan’s nuclear power plants to cope with combined natural hazards

Lessons Learned - Comparison

12

Page 14: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Responses to Fukushima Accident

Phase I (Safety Assessment ): Fully inspected/evaluated

various aspects including site selection, DBA, construction

quality, maintenance, accident management, and worked

out improvement programs to reinforce the capabilities of

prevention and mitigation of accidents (CSA report)

Phase II (Stress Test ):Verify the robustness of design

and recognize cliff-edge effect and hidden weakness.

Refer to EU Stress Test specification and adopt PRA

methodology to recognize the cliff edge (Stress Test

report)

Comprehensive Safety Assessments (CSA):

13

Page 15: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Techniques of CSA-Phase I

Inspect capabilities to cope with combined disasters (Reactor、CTMT、SFP)

DBA (Document, Drill, Training,

Environment Changes)

BDBA (Backup Resources,

Unexpected Condition)

Strengthen Protection

Seismic/ Tsunami

Typhoon, Flooding, Mudslide

EP Drill and Management

Enhance Mitigation

Back up Power

Back up Water Resources

SFP Make up

Portable Resources Storage, Procedure

Develop Ultimate Response Guidelines

to enhance the

defense depth

coping with

extreme disasters.

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Page 16: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

According to the results of phase I of CSA, 96 key

improvement items for operating plants and 67 items for

Lungmen site have been developed.

Improvements are classified into 4 areas :

1.Enhance earthquake-resistant capabilities

2.Enhance tsunami/flooding-protection capabilities

3.Enhance event mitigation capabilities

- Backup power supply

- Water resources and injection

- Spent fuel pool cooling

- Resources preparedness

4. Ultimate Response Guidelines (URG)

Safety Improvements

15

Page 17: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Overall Safety Enhancement

⑥ SEA

WALL

⑦ URG

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Page 18: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Stress Test implemented in accordance with EU Stress Test to

identify Cliff-edge and effectiveness of countermeasures

developed in CSA-Phase I.

Initiating events

Earthquake

Flooding

Extreme natural event

Consequence of loss of safety functions from any initiating event

conceivable at the plant site

Loss of electrical power, including station black out (SBO)

Loss of the ultimate heat sink (UHS)

Combination of both

Progress

Stress Test report completed in Q1, 2012

Phase II:Stress Test Verify the Safety Margin Against Natural Hazards

17

Page 19: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

General data about site/plant

Earthquake (Including

DBE+DBF)

Earthquake

(Including Tsunami)

Extreme natural hazards

Loss of electrical power and loss of ultimate heat sink

Severe accident

management

PRA SSC Seismic

Margin

PRA Seismic

Event Tree PRA Tsunami

Event Tree

Building Openings and

Equipment Elevation

Phase II:Stress Test

(Follow EU)

Phase I:Inspect capabilities to

cope with combined

disasters

Techniques of CSA-Phase II

18

Page 20: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

22 potential massive scale of sea trench type initiated earthquakes, and the induced Tsunami has been evaluated

The maximum potential tsunami run-up height is still much lower than the design basis tsunami elevations assumed in FSAR

Result of Stress Test - Tsunami

Site Name CS KS MS LM

Site Elevation 11.2m 12.0m 15.0m 12.0m

Simulated Tsunami

run up 5.47m 4.54m 7.26m 3.92m

FSAR Tsunami run up 10.73m 10.28m 12.53 8.07m

19

Page 21: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

歐亞板塊

菲律賓板塊

太平洋板塊

硫球海溝

馬尼拉海溝

Topographic advantage of Taiwan

Ryukyu Trench

Manila Trench

20

Page 22: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Earthquake Resistant Capabilities Enhancement

Further geological survey

Implement betterments based on result of SMA and

SPRA (NTTF 2.1)(to be completed in 2015)

Enhance RCIC and RHR system earthquake-resistant

capabilities to guarantee success of URG.

Establish connection of earthquake and tsunami alert

system with Central Weather Bureau.

Enhance earthquake-resistant capabilities of raw water

pool , raw water piping and add flexible expansion

21

Page 23: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Strengthen seismic capability of raw water

reservoir supply piping

Unearth pipe

Unearth pipe

22

Page 24: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Inspected all tsunami/flooding – protective devices and seal functions (WANO SOER 2011-2 recommendations)

Flooding Hazard Re-evaluation (NTTF2.1)

With rainfall records of recent 30 years to reconstruct 10,000 years flooding regression and to re-assess the adequacy of flooding design base in FSAR

Added water-tight barrier on ECW in KS and NSCW in MS.

Enhanced tsunami protective gates in CS (motor operated)

Procured 40 sets of engine driving drain pumps to strengthen portable drain capabilities.

Planning to build Tsunami-protective wall for all plants

Planning to bunker the air-cooled swing D/G

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Tsunami Resistant Capabilities Enhancement

23

Page 25: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Flood-protection wall and water-tight doors (KS)

Before

After

24

Water

tight door

Page 26: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Physical Separation for NSCW

Motors (MS)

Before

After

25

Page 27: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Completed 5th D/G (swing D/G) supply to both units.

Completed G/T black out D/G supply to ESF bus.

Procured 4 sets of 4.16 kV power vehicles and 26 sets of 480V portable D/Gs.

Extended coping time of DC power in response to SBO from 8 hours to 24 hours.

Prepared portable generators and batteries for control power and supervisory instruments.

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Electrical Power Source

26

Page 28: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Post- Fukushima

Post- Fukushima

Post-Fukushima Extra features over Fukushima

4.16 kV Bus

Off-site power 345kV

Off-site power 69 /161 kV

EDG 2~3

5th (7th) D/G

G/T2 G/T

D/G2

Power Vehicle

480V Bus

Safety make-up & cooling systems

480V Portable

D/G

DC Charger

Supervisory Instruments

Portable Gen. and Battery sets

AC Power

Enhancement

1~2/site

4~12/Site

(capacity≧200kW)

MOV Low Pressure make-up systems

27

Page 29: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Checked capacity of all water resources onsite and offsite, and developed transportation and injection procedures.

Checked fire engine resources - quantity, capacity, discharge pressure, and procured redundancies.

Developed a scheme of alternative reactor water injection (various paths)

Developed a scheme of alternative heat sink and recovery of ultimate heat sink

Procured portable air compressors and spare nitrogen bottles for SRVs and air-operated valves.

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Water Injection & Core Cooling

28

Page 30: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Safety Enhancement of Core Cooling

Multiple path of Core Injection

29

Sluice Gate for Emergency

Water Reservoir in KSNPP

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Taipower Taipower

The New-Built Alternated Cooling Water

Transfer Pipe

30

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Taipower Taipower

Various SFP make up strategies developed

Extra inject and spray flow path installed according to NEI 06-12.

Enhance the spent fuel pool instrumentation, per USNRC NTTF 7.1

Instruments for monitoring water level, temperature are to be upgraded to safety grade equivalent

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Water Injection & SFP Cooling

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Taipower Taipower

New facilities for

emergency water injection

/ spray for spent fuel pool

32

Page 34: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Adding a robust and reliable containment filter venting system is progressing per USNRC NTTF 5.1

Adding Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners (PARs) for Maanshan NPP (PWR) is progressing per EU’s experience

Containment early venting strategy developed Reduce the temperature and pressure rise in

the torus Lengthen the injection time for RCIC

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Containment integrity and Hydrogen control

33

Page 35: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Principle of URG

DIVing: Depressurizing of Rx, Injecting water into

Core and Venting CTMT within one hour as required

To secure the reactor core RPV or SG with any

available water (even seawater) through any available

injection paths as any of the conditions reached

Plant suffered from larger than SSE earthquake and

Tsunami alarm is announced by the weather bureau

SBO

Loss of UHS

Safety Enhancements Against BDBA Newly authored Developed Ultimate Response Guidelines

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Page 36: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

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Safety Enhancements Against BDBA URG -- Flow Chart

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Page 37: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower Taipower

• TPC invited WANO to conduct TSM for all TPC’s plants on Feb 2012

The teams confirmed that the CSA done by Taipower conformed to US NRC requirements and EU stress test specification and no major concerns

• AEC invited OECD/NEA’s to conduct the review of the stress test for all TPC’s plants on March 2013

Enhancements that have been identified are consistent with those identified in other countries

Overall the team found that AEC and TPC implementation of the stress test was acceptable, no safety concerns for Taiwan nuclear plants for the event like Fukushima

Peer Review for CSA and SR

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Page 38: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Status and Controversy of Nuclear

Power and Lungmen

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Page 39: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Necessity of Lungmen Project for Taiwan

Energy Security Carbon Emission Reduction

Nuclear Coal LNG

38

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Grid Stability

Necessity of Lungmen Project for Taiwan

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Page 41: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower

Current Status of Lungmen

Before the referendum is conducted

No extra budget will be authorized for the

facility

Fuel loading will not be permitted

All works in Lungmen will be suspended

except for safety related tests or jobs that

have already been contracted out

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Page 42: Nuclear Power in Taiwan -  · PDF fileTaipowerTaipower Nuclear Power in Taiwan Lin Cheng-Chung ... coping with extreme disasters. 14 . ... Initiating events

Taipower Taipower 41

Claims and Government Position

Government Position

Fully committed to provide comprehensive information of Lungmen NPP

Communicate the pros and cons of halting the project and possible impact on Taiwan’s economy

Build consensus for future power development

Claims

Taipower should release all and real nuclear power plant information to the public

Terminate construction of Lungmen NPP Immediately

Set new energy plans

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Taipower Taipower Taipower

• In addition to DPP, environmental group and celebrated people of Art and Literature field are now come forward against nuclear

• Communicating and providing correct and adequate information to public is essential for the referendum debate

– Need to distinguish the group that worthy and necessary to communicate

– Need to get the pro nuclear celebrated people to conduct right message

Anti-nuclear turns into fashion

42

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Taipower Taipower Taipower

Celebrity Ms. Chen Call

100,000 Mom come out

for anti-nuclear

Taipower ‘s Director Mr. Lin is on TV talk show .

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Taipower Taipower Taipower

Confirm Safety prior to the referendum, otherwise, stop Lungmen project directly

– Concern about earthquakes, undersea volcanoes,

tsunamis and other threats

– Deficiencies of Lungmen NPP project on

construction, design changes, procedures, project

management, and staff inexperience

– If nuclear accident occurs, ability to handle large radioactive releases, evacuation, shelter?

– Final disposal for low and high level radwaste still not yet resolved

Critical Disputes

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Is Taipower’s reserve capacity too high ?

Do we really need lungmen?

Is the cost of nuclear power

underestimated ?

Could the renewable energy replace

nuclear ?

Critical Disputes

45

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Taipower Taipower 46

Nuclear power is the largest source of

carbon-free electricity and it is relatively

cheap

It would be a mistake to abandon nuclear

power and its benefits in Taiwan.

Every cloud has a silver lining, we need to

work closely for the future of nuclear

power.

Conclusion

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Taipower Taipower

Thanks for Your Attention

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