Nuklear Exp

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ELECTRON BEAM TREATMENT FORINDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER

TEACHER IN CHARGE PN. FATIMAH BT. MOHD. JAMIL

SUPERVISED BY PN. KHOMSATON ABU BAKAR

PN. NATASHA ISNIN

EN. HASNUL NIZAM OSMANPARTICIPANTS

NG KIM HO LESTERKIRAN RAJ A/L GOBAL

THEVA DARSHINI A/P SURENTHIRAN

SCHOOLSMK SHAHBANDARAYA, KLANG, SELANGOR



Purpose

To measure the value of COD, colour and pH

of textile wastewater before and afterirradiation with electron beam.



Introduction

Electron beam treatment – removing pollutants by activeradicals – is one of the most advanced technologies for

wastewater management.Organic and non-biodegradable pollutants can be easilyconverted into simple hydrocarbons or biodegradablecompounds through irradiation by electron beams.

Such technology is capable to provide a better environmentfor us.



Introduction

Among the advantages of electron beam treatmentLow energy consumption

Easy to operate under low costsDisinfection and discolouration

Among the fields of application of electron beam treatmentWastewater from petrochemical companies

Dyeing wastewater treatmentReclamation for industrial supply



Hypothesis

The chemical oxygen demand (COD) of irradiatedtextile wastewater is lower than the COD of non-

irradiated textile wastewaterThe pH value of irradiated textile wastewater ismore acidic than the pH value of non-irradiatedtextile wastewaterThe colour intensity of irradiated textile wastewateris lower than the colour intensity of non-irradiatedtextile wastewater.



Materials

Textile wastewater

Raw sourceIrradiated source with dosage of 17 kGyIrradiated source with dosage of 30 kGy

COD reagentDistilled water

0.1 M sodium hydroxide, NaOH solution0.1 M sulphuric acid, H2SO4 solutionCellulose nitrate membrane filter paper (size: 0.4 µm)



Apparatus

GlasswareDR 5000 UV spectrophotometerVacuum machineCOD digesterPipetterMettler Toledo pH meter



Procedure

pH test on textile wastewaterThe pH meter is first calibrated using the 2-point calibration

method.The electrode is dipped into the raw wastewater sample.Once a stable pH reading is obtained, the reading is recorded.The steps above are repeated with the two irradiated wastewatersamples. The readings are recorded.



Procedure (cont.)

Colour meter - ADMI weight ordinate method

The pH of the textile wastewater samples are adjusted to pH 7.6 using0.1 M sodium hydroxide and 0.1 M sulphuric acid.The filtering apparatus is prepared and used to filter the textilewastewater samples.The UV spectrophotometer is zeroed by using a sample cell withdeionized water.A cell sample with 10ml raw textile wastewater is prepared and inserted

into the cell holder of the spectrometer.The spectrometer is run and the reading of percentage transmittance isobtained and recorded.The steps above are repeated with the irradiated wastewater samples.



Procedure (cont.)

Digestion procedure to measure chemical oxygen demand (COD)Four COD digestion reagent vials are prepared and labelled.A pipetter is used to transfer 2.00 ml of deionized water into the first vial (blank

sample), and the vial is capped tightly. This step is repeated using raw wastewaterinto the second vial, 17kGy-irradiated wastewater into the third, and 30kGy-irradiated wastewater into the fourth.The vials are inverted several times to mix slowly before they are placed in the

preheated COD reactor and heated for two hours. Then, the vials are left to cool.The outside of the vials are cleaned with damp towel followed by dry towel to

remove fingerprints or other marks.The instrument is set up, and then zeroed by using the blank sample.The sample vial is placed into the adapter.The result is displayed in mg/L COD, and is recorded.The steps are repeated using other sample vials.



Observation

1. The 30 kGy-irradiated textile wastewaterindicates higher pH value than raw textile

wastewater.2. The raw textile waste water shows highest

AMDI colour value reading , followed by 17kGy and 30 kGy-irradiated samples.

3. The highest COD value is showed by rawtextile wastewate r followed by 17 kGy and 30kGy-irradiated samples.



Results of pH test



Results of pH test

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p H v a l u e

pH TEST ON TEXTILE WASTE WATER SAMPLES

Ph METER READING

DOSAGE OF IRRADIATED TEXTILE WASTE (kGy)



Results of ADMI test



Results of ADMI test

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100.0

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700.0

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COLOUR METER-ADMI WEIGHT ORDINATE METHOD

AVERAGE ADMI VALUE




Results of COD test



Results of COD test

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40.0

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C H E M I C A L O X Y G E N D E M A N D

( m g / L )

CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) TEST

CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND(Mg/l)




Discussion

The pH value of irradiated textile wastewater is found to behigher than that of non-radiated textile wastewater . As theirradiation dose increases, the pH value increases as well.However, this result is inaccurate because the pH value ofirradiated sample should be lower than that of the non-irradiatedsample. This could be due to human error and insufficient quantity of sample available to repeat the pH test.Theoretically, the pH value of irradiated sample is lower than thatof the non-irradiated sample because the final products of thedegradation of pollutants and organic compounds in the watersample are water and carbon dioxide ,which exhibits acidic

properties.



Discussion (cont.)

The ADMI colour value of irradiated textile wastewater sample isfound to be significantly lower than that of non-irradiated sample. Inother words, the colour intensity of irradiated sample is lower than

that of non-irradiated sample .This is due to the degradation of chemical compounds that exhibitcoloured properties when the sample is irradiated by electron beams.The COD value of irradiated sample is found to be lower than that ofnon-irradiated sample.

This is due to the reduction of pollutants in the irradiated wastewatersample to simpler compounds , compared to the non-irradiated samplewhich contains a high amount of pollutants.



Conclusion

Based on the COD test and the ADMI colour value test,irradiated textile wastewater contains less pollutants ,

compared to non-radiated textile wastewater.Based on the pH test, irradiated textile wastewater isalkaline compared to non-radiated textile wastewater.However, previous tests have shown that irradiated textile

wastewater should be acidic instead.In summary, electron beam treatment is reliable inconverting textile wastewater into wastewater that isacceptable to be discharged into the environment.



Future Considerations

Ways to improve the experiment…. Collect more samples of textile wastewater from various locations.

Ensure that the samples of textile wastewater are freshly obtained.Test on textile wastewater should be repeated several times toimprove the accuracy of the result.

Ways to apply the experiment in real life situation… Support , in various suitable forms, should be given considerably bythe government as well as the private sectors to develop this -technology for wide-scale uses.



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