TCS Internal

September 29, 2014

Generation of Telecom Networks Evolution

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Objective

• This presentation covers the Generation of Telecom Network Evolution. Basically the presentation aims on the evolution from 1G to 4G and some concepts of 4G. As a beginner to the Telecom world, this presentation will provide foundation for understanding the telecom evolution .

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Index

Network EvolutionEvolution of Transmission Technology3G Networks4G NetworksGeneral Bit RatesSummary & Discussion PointsReferences

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Network Evolution

• First generation (1G): Analog voice systems – No standardization

• Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems – Currently deployed systems– CDMA, GSM (Global System for Mobile communication), PDC (Japan) D-

AMPS (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System)– PCS Systems

• Second Generation – advanced (2.5G): Combining voice and data communications – Providing enhanced data rate – Two basic technologies:

• GSM-based (high baud rate)• GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

– Utilizes voice time slots to send packet traffic – An overlay over the existing voice system

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Network Evolution Contd.. • Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications

– Developing a more general mobile network• Handling Internet access, email, messaging, multimedia• Access to any services (voice, video, data, etc.)

– Requires high quality transmission

• Forth Generation (4G): All-IP mobile networks

– Ubiquitous wireless communications – Transparent to any services – Integrating multinetworks

Name

Family

For

MUX

Payload

Media

Capacity

Protocol$$

T1\E1 SONET/SDH OTN

1st 2nd 3rd

Voice nonBOD, static

Voice nonBOD, static

Voice videoBOD, dynamic

TDME/E/E

TDMO/E/O

WDMO/O/O

Copper-FiberCopper Fiber

Tbit/sGbit/sMbit/s

Fixed orVariable

FixedLength

FixedLength

PPP,IP,ATM,MPLS

PPP, IP,ATM****No

19801960TimeYear 1990 2000

****: Minor support

$$: Protocol Interworking

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Evolution of Transmission Technology

1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation

Copper is transmission medium

Optical Fiber (late 80s)

Higher data

rates; longer

link lengths

Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing

(DWDM, 1994)**Erbium-doped fiber

amplifiers (EDFAs) lower DWDM transmission cost

Intelligent optical

networking (1999)

Routing and signaling for optical paths

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3G Networks• Two basic proposals to handle voice and data

– Ericsson: Universal Mobile Telecommunications systems (UMTS)• Compatible with European GSM • Backed by ETSI and Japan

– Qualcom: CDM2000• Not compatible with GSM (cannot hand off called to GSM-based cells)• Compatible for IS-95 (supported by U.S)

• 3G Standards– 1999 UMTS took over and an agreement was made over setting some

standards – A revolutionary technology with unlimited potential or not so great?

• Major competing technologies – Bluetooth – Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.x standards) – also known as WiFi

• Short range wireless communications • Highly utilized and very popular: offices, airports, coffee shops,

universities and schools • Two basic modes of operations:

– Ad-hoc networking: computers send data to one another – Access point:: sending data to the base station

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4G Networks• Otherwise known as NextG, Beyond 3G, 4G, and more! • Motivation

– Providing all available services to highly mobile people (anytime anywhere)– Use your wireless device anywhere for listening to music, shopping (m-

commerce) , downloading (file transfer), watching video (live streaming) – Multiple applications (talk and use Internet services at the same time)

• Objectives – Total convergence of the wireless mobile and wireless access communications

(developing a broadband wireless network)– Ubiquitous wireless communications and services

• Integration of multi-networks using IP technology • Similar technology to the wired Internet where users are freed from their

local networks – All-IP based wireless networks

• Not just IP end-to-end but over-the-air packet switching • Supporting native wireless IP mode• Highly integrated • High bandwidth / high-speed wireless

– Highly compatible with wired network infrastructures • ATM, IP, ATM

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4G Technology Challenges

• Supporting heterogeneous multitude of systems – Includes multiple networks:

• Cellular telecommunication systems• Digital video broadband • Digital audio broadband• Wireless LAB, Bluethood-based networks

– Open communication network: infrastructure independent which can access to any services and applications (now and in the future!)

– Complete compatibility between wireless and wired networks through gateways • Supporting statistical multiplexing of heterogeneous data over-the-air

– Latency, noisy environment, unpredictable discontinuities and loss, etc.• High-speed wireless transmission over the air

– High performance physical layer • 20Mbps (2G: 28Kbps, 3G: 2Mbps)

– Scarce bandwidth availability• Efficient frequency spectrum utilization • Efficient hand off • Dynamic bandwidth allocation • Advanced digital transmission technology (modulation, low power devices,

etc.)

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General bit rates

Signal level Bit rate No. of DS0s DS 1 / T1 1.544 M 24 DS 2 / T2 6.312 M 96

DS 3 / T3 44.736 M 672E1 2.048 30

E2 8.448 120E3 34.368 480E4 139.264 1920

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Summary & Discussion Points

Discussion Points1. What are various Generations of Networks?2. What are various generations of transmission systems?3. What are the challenges in 4G?

Summary1. First generation (1G) : Analog voice systems 2. Second Generation (2G): Digital voice systems 3. Third Generation (3G): Digital voice and data communications4. Forth Generation (4G): All-IP mobile networks

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References

www.slideshare.net/h4ck3dbykhurafati/3-g-and-4g-final-pptwww.staffs.ac.uk/personal/engineering_and_technology/jjc1/.../1G.ppt