Oct 2011 - Sheel Newsletter

Energy efficiency (E2) and pollution prevention(P2) are two sides of the same waste reductioncoin. Businesses that become more energy-efficient are also preventingpollution. The less energywasted at the plant site, theless electricity has to be pro-duced in power plants thatemit pollutants. Likewise,businesses that implementcleaner production methodsmay, in many cases, reducewaste in energy usage by cut-ting out unnecessary steps inproduction processes.

Historically, P2 and E2 have been carried outseparately. Now,

businesses and technical assistance providersare realizing that pursuing P2 and E2 togethercan add greater value than pursuing them

separately.

Here are two examplesillustrating the greatervalue of the comprehen-sive P2/E2 approach:

E2 Means P2Two examples of energyefficiency resulting in pol-lution prevention arefrom lighting and motor

efficiencies:

A lighting retrofit at XYZ Company's refinerycut the lighting electricity load 26 percent. The

“P2 and E2 are just two types of efficien-“P2 and E2 are just two types of efficien-cy, and efficiency has always beency, and efficiency has always been

recognized as being good for business.recognized as being good for business.As more businesses begin to realize theAs more businesses begin to realize theprofitability of resource efficiency, P2/E2profitability of resource efficiency, P2/E2

will become more than just a goodwill become more than just a goodbusiness opportunity: P2/E2 will prove tobusiness opportunity: P2/E2 will prove to

be an important strategy in stayingbe an important strategy in stayingcompetitive.”competitive.”

P2E2 (Pollution Prevention & Energy Efficiency)

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13 million-square-foot retrofitis reducing carbon dioxideemissions by more than 1,622tons annually.

A cement plant is saving$53,000 per year and reducingcarbon dioxide emissions bynearly 232 tonsannually as a re-sult of a variablefrequency driveinstalled on afan motor. Thefan, which circu-lates heatthrough the fulllength of the rotary kiln,is greatly oversized for mostneeds. Varying fan motorspeed to match need has re-duced average power draw by75 percent.

P2 Means E2An example of pollution pre-vention reducing energy wasteis reducing the excess air infurnaces operation. Thereduction of excess air tothe design figure will notonly reduce the fuel con-sumption but will alsoreduce the Nox concen-tration in the flue gas.

As seen from examplesgiven above, we can con-clude that any pollutionprevention idea will alsoresult in energy efficiencyand same is true vis-a-visthat any energy efficient

project will also prevent /re-duce the pollution.In the present scenario of highenergy cost, it is becomingmore relevant to take a holisticstrategy that improves energyperformance and also reducespollution impact.

In Indianscenario, itis not easyto get anpollutionpreventionprojectapproved

from management due to longpayback period as most of thebenefits will be intangible.However calculating theenergy saving potential inpayback period may make itmore lucrative the decisionmakers.

It is not required that the P2E2ideas you implement in your

organization should be big but

they should be sustainable.P2E2 ideas can beimplemented in industrialprocesses and shopfloor or atthe commercial buildings andoffices in the factory.

We would like to invite P2E2ideas from our reader, whichthey have implemented andreaping benefits of. Sharing ofthese ideas will allow otherreaders to take benefits fromyour P2E2 ideas and overallimprove the energy efficiencyin Industrial section.

Oct ‘ 2011


You mayYou maysend P2E2 projectsend P2E2 projectundertaken withundertaken withdetailes of energydetailes of energy

saving and pollutionsaving and pollutionreduction observedreduction observedin these projects toin these projects to

[email protected]@hotmail.com. We will publishcom. We will publishthese P2E2 projectsthese P2E2 projects

in forthcomingin forthcomingnewsletters. (Pleasenewsletters. (Pleaseenclose brief detail ofenclose brief detail ofyour company and ayour company and a

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Sept ‘ 2011


Oct ‘ 2011

Ministry of Environment and Forest videtheir office memorandum No. J-11013/41/2006-IA.II(I) dated 5th Octo-ber 2011 has decided that all those projectsreceived for environment clearance in MoEF/SETAAs relating to integrated steel plants andsponge iron plants, which are largely dependenton iron ore as raw material to be sourced fromthe mines located in Districts of Bellary, Tumkurand chitradurga in Karnataka and are at differ-ent stages of consideration / processing will bede-listed. Those project which have not yet beenplaced before the Expert appraisal committee(EAC) / State Expert Appraisal Committee(SEAC) will be returned.it has also been decided that MoEF /SEIAAs willnot consider any proposal relating to integratedsteel plant / sponge iron plant, which are linkedto iron ore as a raw material to be obtained fromthese Districts till the Hon’ble Supreme Courtlifts the ban on mining in these districts .

The Ministry of Environment & Forests(MoEF) has been implementing a centrallysponsored Scheme for CETPs since 1991. Inthe light of the operational deficiencies in theearlier scheme, the development of pollutioncontrol technologies over the year and also thefinancial constraints on the part of SSI propo-nents and the recommendations of SPCBs relat-ed thereto, MoEF has published new guidelinesfor CETPs.

Regulatory Updates

`Occupier' as per theFactories Act

Under the Factories Act, 1948, an occupierhas been defined as a person who hasultimate control over the affairs of the factory.One of the landmark case related to theclarification of the term ‘Occupier’ was JKIndustries Ltd and others v. ChiefInspector of Factories and Boilers andothers (Supreme Court, 1996). In thiscase, the Supreme Court noted that where acompany owns or runs a factory, it is thecompany that has ultimate control over theaffairs of the factory and would therefore bethe occupier.However, since a company is a legalabstraction, it can act only through itsdirectors, who are the directing mind and willof the company and are the centre of itspersonality. The court went on to say that theword “ultimate” in common parlance meanslast or final. There is a vast differencebetween a person having ultimate control ofthe affairs of a factory and one who hasimmediate or day-to-day control over theaffairs of the factory. The manager or anyother employee, of whatever status, can benominated by the board of directors of theowner company to have immediate or day-to-day or even supervisory control over theaffairs of the factory. However, the ultimatecontrol over the affairs of the factory willalways be with the board of directors of thecompany and cannot be vested in any otherperson, without completely transferring thecontrol over the factory to the other person.

Ministry of Environment andForests (MoEF), Govt. of Indiahas notified the new draft Bio-Medical Waste (Managementand Handling) Rules, 2011 un-der the Environment (Protec-tion) Act,1986 to replace theearlier Bio-medical waste(Management and handling)Rules,1998 and the amend-ments thereof. The draft Rulesare notified for information ofthe public and inviting objec-tions or suggestions, if any,within 60 days. These will betaken into consideration by thecentral government while fi-nalizing the Rules.

Salient features of the draftRules:

(1) These rules shall apply toall person who generate,collect, receive, store,transport, treat, dispose,or handle bio medicalwaste in any form. TheRules shall not apply toradio active waste cov-ered under the Atomic En-ergy act, 1962, hazardousChemicals Rules ,1989,the municipal waste cov-ered under the Batteries(management & handling)Rules,2001 the hazardous

wastes covered under thehazardous waste (man-agement, handling andTransboundary Move-ment) Rules,2008.

(2) Every occupier of anhealth care establishment(HCE) shall either set uprequisite bio- medicalwaste treatment facilitieslike autoclave/ micro-wave/ hydroclave, shred-der or any othertechnolo-gy as ap-proved bytheCPCB/MoEF fortreatmentof bio-medicalwastegeneratedin hispremisesas a part of on-site treat-ment of the institution,prior to commencementof its operation or ensurerequisite treatment facili-ty or any approved wastetreatment facility.

(3) IT has been stipulatedthat irrespective of thequantum of bio-medicalwaste generation, everyoccupier of an institutionwhich includes a hospital,nursing home, clinic , dis-pensary, veterinary insti-tution, animal house,pathological laboratory,blood bank generating.Collecting receiving, stor-ing, transporting, dispos-

ing and /orhandling bio-medical waste,shall apply forgrant of authori-zation to theprescribed au-thority.

(4) Bio-medi-cal waste shallbe segregatedand kept in thecoded containers

or bags at the point ofgeneration in accordancewith Schedule II of theRules prior to its stage,transportation, treatmentand disposal. Color codingfor containers or bags


Draft - Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules

Oct ‘ 2011

(Yellow, red, Blue andblack) for various catego-ries of bio-medical waste,including the treatmentoptions has been specifiedto avoid overlapping andconfusion.

(5) Bio-medical waste shall betreated and disposed of inaccordance with scheduleI, and in compliance withthe standards prescribedin schedule V.there are eightcategories of bio-medical wastesnow, such as hu-man anatomicalwaste, wastesharps, DiscardedMedicines and Cy-totoxic drugs,soiled waste, In-fectious Solidwaste and Chemi-cal waste.

(6) Duties of the operator ofcommon treatment facilityas well as of other author-ities concerned (such asministry of environmentand forests, ministry ofhealth and family welfare,center orstate/department of vet-erinary and animal hus-

bandry, Ministry ofDefence, central pollutioncontrol Board, stateGovt./UT administration,state pollution controlboards/pollution controlcommittees and local bod-ies such as Grampanchayats, Municipalitiesand Corporations) havebeen specified. An opera-tor of a common treat-ment facility (CTF) is also

required to inform the pre-scribed authority aboutthe health care establish-ments (HCEs) which arenot handing over segre-gated bio-medical wastein accordance with therules. The HCEs are alsorequired to inform theconcerned prescribed au-thority in case the CTF

operator is not collectingthe water regularly.

(7) The Government of everyState or Union Territoryshall constitute districtlevel monitoring commit-tees (DMCs) in the dis-tricts under thechairmanship of districtmedical officer of his nom-inee to monitor the com-pliance of Bio-Medical

Waste Rules in thehealth care facili-ties generating bio-medical waste aswell as in commontreatment facilities.

(8) Complianceto the guidelinesissued by the Cen-tral Pollution Con-trol Board, Ministryof Environment and

Forests, Ministry of Healthand family welfare, Gov-ernment of India has nowbecome mandatory formanagement of bio-medi-cal waste.

How the new draft Rules,2011 are different from theearlier Rules, 1998.The new Rules are comprehen-sive which contain importantfeatures of the Bio-Medical


Oct ‘ 2011

Waste (Management and Han-dling) Rules, 1998, includingthe three amendments issued.Several new provisions havebeen added in the new Rules.

(1) In the new Rules, it hasbeen clearly mentionedthat these rules are appli-cable only to the bio-med-ical wastes and shall notapply to other wastes suchas radio active wastes,hazardous chemicals, mu-nicipal solid waste, haz-ardous wastes andbatteries waste, which arecovered under the respec-tive rules.

(2) In the new rules, it hasbeen stipulated that everyoccupier shall set up req-uisite biomedical wastetreatment equipments pri-or to commencement ofits operation or shall makenecessary arrangement inorder or ensure requisitetreatment of bio-medicalwaste through an autho-rized common bio medicalwaste treatment facility.

As per the earlier Rules,obtaining authorizationfrom prescribed authoritywas not required by anoccupier of an institution

which was providing ser-vice to less than 1000(one thousand) patientsper month. Under the newRules every occupier oroperator, irrespective ofthe number of patientsbeing serviced or thequantum of bio-medicalwaste generation, is re-quired to obtain authori-zation.

(4) Under the existing rules,there was overlappingwith regard to color cod-ing and segregation ofwaste. For instance,wastes under category-3and 6 can be collectedeither in Red or Bluebags. This caused confu-sion in segregation. In thenew Rules, color codingfor containers or bags(Yellow, red, Blue andBlack) for collection ofvarious categories of bio-medical including thetreatment options hasbeen clearly specified toavoid overlapping andconfusion.

(5) In the new Rules, dutiesfor operation of a Com-mon Bio-Medical WasteTreatment Facility as well

as other concerned Au-thorities have been stipu-lated, in addition to theduties of occupier of ahealth care establish-ment.

(6) In the new Rules, thenumber of categories ofwastes has been reducedfrom ten to eight. Colourcoding for collection ofnon-infectious waste(general waste) has alsobeen prescribed.

(7) The guidelines issued bythe CPCB and the CentralGovernment have beennow made part of theRules.

The full draft notification maybe seen in the website of theMinistry of Environment andForests (www.envfor.nic.in).

Oct ‘ 2011


Sept ‘ 2011


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Oct 2011 - Sheel Newsletter