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ORTHOPTERA
(grasshoppers, crickets, katydids)
Neoptera
Plecoptera
PhasmidaOrthoptera
Zoraptera
Blattaria
GrylloblattodeaMantophasmatodea
EmbiodeaDermaptera
MantodeaIsoptera
PsocopteraPhthirapteraThysanopteraHemipteraColeopteraRhaphidiopteraMegalopteraNeuropteraHymenopteraMecopteraSiphonapteraDipteraStrepsiptera
TrichopteraLepidoptera
Polyneoptera
Paraneoptera
Neuropterida
Panorpida?
= Orthopteroid orders
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Orthoptera
Number of Species
Common names
Distinguishing characteristics
Other features
Typical habitats
Hexapod Orders
23,000
Grasshoppers, locusts, crickets, katydids
Ortho - straight, ptera - wing
- vegetation, worldwide
-ovipositor-saltatorial hind legs
-first group to use sound in communication
Orthopteran Phylogeny
Fossil Crickets & grasshoppers
Characteristics of Orthoptera
1. Chewing Mouthparts
Characteristics of Orthoptera
2. Saltatorial Hind Legs
Two Suborders of Orthoptera
1. Caelifera - Grasshoppers
-diurnal, jumping- short antennae- terrestrial (not arboreal)
- nocturnal, walking- long antennae- arboreal
2. Ensifera - katydids, crickets
Sound Production
Ensifera
Sound production - stridulation
Sound production - stridulation
Sound production - stridulation
Katydid song
Cricket song
Sound production - stridulation
Sound production - habitat modification
Mole cricket song
Phylogeny of Stridulation
From Gwynne 1995
Sound ReceptionEnsifera
Ensifera - hearing
Ensifera - hearing
Sound Production
Caelifera
Sound Reception
Caelifera
Sound Reception
Orthoptera - Camouflage
Caelifera
Ensifera - Camouflage/Mimicry
Orthoptera - Camouflage
Ensifera
Ensifera - Nutrients to Female
Ensifera - Nutrients to Female
Inject male with radioactive protein
Spermatophore takes up
radioactive protein
Spermatophore passed to female
Eggs contain radioactive protein
Does the female get the nutrients?
Ensifera - Nutrients to Female
Amount of spermatophylax eaten
Protein in diet Female size
Egg size
% surviving
Number of eggs
Son: length of time as a juvenile
Daughter: length of time as a juvenile
Son’s sizeSpermatophylax
size
Number of eggs
Daughter’s size
Some representative Orthoptera
Ensifera
Hagloidea- grigs, Cyphoderris
Gryllidae - crickets, mole crickets
Some representative Orthoptera
Ensifera
Stenopalmatidae - Jerusalem cricket & wetas
Tettigoniidae - katydids
Some representative Orthoptera
Caelifera
Acrididae- Grasshoppers & locusts
Economic Importance
Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust
Solitary Dispersing
Economic Importance
Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust
Solitary Dispersing
Economic Importance
Schistocerca gregaria - migratory locust
•
Locust outbreaks - Australia
Economic Importance
Economic Importance
Economic Importance
