sri lankathe emerging wonder of asia

mahinda ChintanaVision for the future

dePartment of national PlanningministrY of finanCe and Planning

the DeVeLoPMent PoLiCY frAMeWorKGoVernMent of sri LAnKA

Sri LankaThe emerging Wonder of AsiA

Mahinda Chintana – ViSion for the future

DEPARTMENT OF NATIONAL PLANNING MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PLANNING

THE DEVELOPMENT POLICY FRAMEWORKGOVERNMENT OF SRI LANKA

The department of national Planning - 2010

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The Emerging Wonder of AsiaSRI LANKA

item unit 2005 2010 2016 est. Proj.

Population mn 19.7 20.7 21.9 GDP USDbn 24.4 49.1 98.0 PerCapitaIncome US$ 1,241 2,375 4,470 Inflation-GDPDeflator % 5.7 7.0 4.0 Exports US$bn 6.3 8.0 18.0 InternationalTradeTurnover US$bn 15.2 21.3 44.1 InternationalServicesIncome(Net) US$bn 0.3 0.6 2.6 EarningsfromTourism US$bn 0.3 0.5 2.5 Remittances US$bn 2.0 3.8 7.0 AccesstoElectricity % 75.0 88.0 100.0 AccesstoTelecommunications % 23.6 85.0 100.0 WomeninLabourForce % 32.6 34.3 40.0 Unemployment % 7.2 5.3 3.2 InfantMortality Per1000 11.2 10.9 4.0 MaternalMortality Per1000 0.45a 0.39 0.2 Poverty % 15.2 7.6 4.2 PrimarySchoolEnrolment % 95.0 98.0 100.0 LiteracyRate-(15-24years) % 95.0 97.0 98.0 LiteracyRate-Computer % 9.7 20.3 75.0

A Dynamic Global HubSRI LANKA

Mahinda Chintana - Vision for the Future

The objective of our next massive leap forward is to transform Sri Lanka into a strategically important economic centre of the world. my determination therefore, is to transform sri Lanka to be the Pearl of the Asian silk route once again, in modern terms. Using our strategic geographical location effectively, i will develop our motherland as anaval, Aviation, Commercial, energy and Knowledge hub, serving as akey link between the east and the West.

Sri Lanka – The Emerging Wonder of Asia

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HAMPERED bYTERRORISM

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PEACE ANDDEVELOPMENT

the future

the PaSt

TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED, kNOwLEDGE bASED AND SELF

SuFFICIENT ECONOMY

the PreSent

1. Sri Lanka: the emerging Wonder of asia 1

2. a Prosperous Country: a Land of Plenty 11

2.1 Agriculture: feeding the nation 12

2.2 fisheries and Aquatic resources 23

2.3 self reliance in Livestock industry 29

2.4 irrigation: Water is our heritage and Life 36

2.5 Plantation economy 41

3. enterprises with Strength to Conquer the World 47

3.1 electricity for everybody, everyday 48

3.2 Well established Telecommunications facilities 55

3.3 User friendly modernized Postal sector 59

3.4 Water services Perspective 61

3.5 industry sector: Towards global Competitiveness 68

3.6 state-owned enterprises to Become strategic 85

4. developed road network and transport System 89

4.1 Towards a modern road network 90

4.2 Transportation hub 99

ContentS

5. focus on Modern education and knowledge Systems 111

5.1 moving education Towards Creating Knowledge and skills 112

5.2 University education for Knowledge 119

5.3 Building a Competitive Workforce through

Technology education and skills development 128

5.4 A modern economy Through science and Technological innovations 137

6. a healthy Society 143

6.1 Active Community – sport economy 144

6.2 healthy nation, healthy People in a healthy Community 148

7. Comforts, Convenience and Satisfactory Lifestyle 155

7.1 environment 156

7.2 sri Lanka – The Wonder island of Asia 164

7.3 housing for All – Prosperous and healthy Lifestyle 172

7.4 Urban development 178

8. Shared Values and rapid development 185

8.1 Towards a Caring society 186

8.2 Culture and national heritage 197

8.3 Towards a Balanced regional development with diversity 202

references 300

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1. Sri LankaTHE EMERGING wONDER OF ASIA

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sri Lanka has achieved many positive developments during the period 2005 to 2009 with the policies implemented under the mahinda Chintana - towards a new sri Lanka. it has also created a strong base to achieve a high and sustainable economic growth in the years to come. This process is envisaged to continue at a renewed pace with the policies and measures to be implemented during the next six years under the mahinda Chintana – Vision for the future, to reposition sri Lanka in the global arena as a knowledge based strong middle income country with better and improved living standards which continues to preserve cultural values and traditions.

The mahinda Chintana phase of socio economic development in sri Lanka was commenced following the Presidential election in november 2005 at which his excellency mahinda rajapaksa was elected as the President of sri Lanka. The policy framework, based on mahinda Chintana - Towards a new sri Lanka, envisaged to resolve the prolonged conflict, implement large infrastructure development initiatives consisting of electricity generation, ports, airports, water supply and irrigation, roads and transport, revitalize agriculture and domestic enterprises, strengthen public services and state owned enterprises, promote private sector and sme’s and implement rural centric integrated development initiatives aiming at empowering villages (gama neguma). This enabled sri Lanka to achieve a number of improvements, including the following:

sustained economic growth of around 6 percent

raise per capita income from Us$ 1,062 in 2004 to Us$ 2,053 in 2009

reduce unemployment from 7.4 percent to 5 percent (from 2005 to 2009)

reduce poverty from 15.7 percent to 7.6 percent (from 2006 to 2010)

raise access to electricity from 75 percent to 87 percent, safe drinking water from 80 percent to 85 percent, telecommunication from 23 percent to 86 percent and road access from 93 percent to 95 percent between 2005 and 2009 period

raise school enrolment from 95 percent to 98 percent, general literacy from 95 percent to 97 percent, computer literacy from 10 percent to 20 percent, infant mortality from 11.2 per thousand live births to 10.9, life expectancy from 73.2 years to 74.1 years, women participation in labour force from 32.6 percent to 34.3 percent and overall human resource index from 0.740 to 0.759 between 2005 and 2009 period

Position the country’s overall happiness index ranking at 1st in Asia and 8th in the world

The socio economic development strategy for the next decade based on the mahinda Chintana – Vision for the future, the 2010 Presidential election manifesto of his excellency the President mahinda rajapaksa, envisages a sri Lanka that:

has an economy with a green environment and rapid development

Aspires to be a stable society with a high quality of life for all of its people having access to decent living, electricity, water, schooling and health facilities

maintains the best of sri Lankan culture, traditions and long standing global identity

Aims to consolidate as an emerging market economy, integrated into the global economy and is competitive internationally

overview

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intends to have the characteristics of a middle income economy with a knowledge-based society

This vision is articulated identifying specific targets aiming at achieving the millennium development goals (mdgs) ahead of time. Among the mahinda Chintana goals (mCgs) for 2016 are the following;

eradication of hunger and hard-core poverty

Universalization of secondary education for all

reducing malnutrition rate of children from a third to 12-15 percent

increasing life expectancy from 76 to 80 years

increasing access to clean water in urban areas from 65 to 90 percent

raising forest coverage from 28 to 43 percent

These are to be attained through rapid economic growth and a change in the structure of the economy to a modern, environmentally friendly and well connected rural-urban economy that can create better-remunerated employment opportunities:

Almost doubling of gdP by 2016 to above Us$ 4,000 to be attained through an economic growth of over 8 percent per annum

investment to be increased to 33-35 percent of gdP with sustained commitment of public investment of 6-7 percent of gdP to support private investment

exports to grow at twice the rate of real gdP

high spending tourism to grow in order to generate fourfold expansion in tourist earnings and remittances inflows, based on skills, to be doubled

The share of rural employment to decline from about two-thirds to half; and

The share of urban population to increase from a quarter to a third.

sri Lanka’s new development strategy, which is outlined in this document, attempts to implement explained strategies and underlined actions not only for a higher economic growth but also for a higher quality growth in each sector.The mahinda Chintana goal is to share the benefits of growth across all segments of the population and also to prevent inequities, social exclusion and adverse environmental reprecussions that have been witnessed in some of the rapidly growing economies.

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The mahinda Chintana vision is based on the economic philosophy that the growth in gross domestic Product (gdP) alone would not bring economic prosperity to the society. The mahinda Chintana goal (mCg) is to increase the gdP to provide benefits to every segment of society in a justifiable manner. The creation of prosperity to the majority of the people who cannot purely rely on market based solutions requires connectivity through roads, electricity, telecommunications, information technology, education and health services. hence, the development strategy relies not only on promoting investments on infrastructure based on commercial and economic returns but also on the creation of equitable access to such infrastructure development to enable people to engage in gainful economic activities.

Towards this end, providing electricity to all, popularizing mobile usage among all people, establishing nanasala (iT centers) in remote villages and developing the rural and agricultural road network (maga neguma), have made a revolutionary transformation in the rural economy. Providing benefits through wider networking is supported by equally important rural centric development programmes such as rural irrigation projects, community water supply projects, storage and marketing facilities and financing and credit facilities.

The mahinda Chintana philosophy is such that the empowering people must move hand-in-hand with the development in family values as well as vulnerabilities of women, children, and elderly are contained. it also places greater emphasis on the upliftment of moral values and liberating people from using narcotics and drugs (mathata Thitha). This holistic approach will enable the entire society to reach new heights in their overall living standards.

GroWth aLone doeS not MeaneConoMiC ProSPeritY

ViSion

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sri Lanka’s growth targets for the 2010-2016 period appear well within reach. The 26 year conflict is over. necessary infrastructure is in place. The global economy is on the recovery path. over the past five years, sri Lanka has scored better on most of the aggregate indicators. There is also a benefit from the expected supply-side response from agriculture, livestock, fisheries as well as tourism related activities following the successful ending of the conflict.

The doubling of the size of sri Lanka’s economy, which is envisaged over the coming six years, will need to be accompanied by a shift in the structure of the economy. The shift envisioned in the strategy – whereby agriculture, industry and services become the key drivers in the initial phase, reflecting the impact of rapid recovery in agriculture based activities. The share of agriculture in gdP is to be consolidated at around 12 percent, industry at 28-30 percent and services at around 60 percent, thereby diversifying the economy. This shift enables those engaged in agriculture to enjoy higher returns. however, it is also important to manage a balanced growth to prevent widening urban-rural gaps.

sri Lanka recognizes that the process of globalization presents both opportunities and challenges. sri Lanka’s decision to honour its commitments under the free Trade Agreements (fTAs) with india and Pakistan and other regional Trade Agreements (sAfTA, APTA, and BimsTeC) will have great gains for the country in terms of exports, investment opportunities and acquisition of technology.

encouraging the Private Sectorif investment rates are to rise as needed, the domestic private investment will need to rise from the current low level of around 15-17 percent of gdP to about 22 percent of gdP for the 2010-2016 period.

sri Lanka’s investment climate for the private sector has been affected adversely in the past by conflict related uncertainties, legal disputes and infrastructure limitations. however, there are indications that the climate in sri Lanka is rapidly improving. Changing attitudes of officials and bankers, as well as systems and procedures adopted with regard to private enterprises, in addition to the improvement in legal and regulatory framework, are the key priorities in the medium term administrative reforms.

Mobilizing foreign direct investmentThe government envisages foreign investment playing an important role in bringing investment and technology into sri Lanka. during the past decade, sri Lanka benefited disproportionately from direct investment inflows which were on average equivalent to 1.5 percent of gdP. The government projects to double the level of inflows during the current decade, particularly in the areas of tourism, urban development, iT/BPo services, pharmaceutical and renewable energy etc.

Prioritize investments CarefullyThe government’s programme for the coming six years envisages some closing of the “infrastructure gap” between sri Lanka and its neighbours. This will involve very large investments across the full range of transport, energy, water, sanitation and irrigation sectors. in the areas of energy and ports, a considerable front-based investment has taken place. Thus, while many investments will have good returns, a careful cost-benefit analysis (in which economic, social and environmental costs are all taken into account) will be undertaken in planning for the future.

the economic framework

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diversify the Pattern of financeThe pattern of financing will be such that the government resources and official development Assistance (odA) will finance a large share of infrastructure growth in the medium term. odA donors are less willing to finance investments when private investment appears available. Two additional sources – private capital and retained earnings - will be needed to finance new investments. Private investors have already demonstrated their willingness to finance investments in power, ports, telecommunication, public transport, water supply and sanitation and waste disposal. This will require rational pricing mechanisms and more disciplined financial management. The government has set targets for utilities in power, water, and transportation to become commercially creditworthy entities to generate funds internally.

improve the Management and Sustainability of investment The government has recognized the immense scope for efficiency gains by reducing waste and improving performance. in the water sector, deteriorated distribution networks allow pollutants to seep into the water supply and 30 percent of piped water is unaccounted for revenue. Water businesses lose almost 40 percent of their revenue because customers are not billed for the water they use, or because companies fail to collect the dues. due to poor operation, the delivery of water through irrigation systems have been unreliable. Transmission losses in electricity distribution is at 14.5 percent and requires loss reduction reforms. reforms are needed to increase the competition between private and public providers of infrastructure services, and the financial and managerial autonomy of public providers are to be increased to provide incentives for removing these inefficiencies.

Vibrant financial Services and Capital MarketThe financial sector will be the catalyst for accelerated economic growth envisaged in the future. The resilience of the banking sector will be strengthened further, particularly through high capital buffers and increased market discipline. Appropriate policies and regulatory measures will be introduced to strengthen the finance and leasing, and insurance companies as well as other related businesses. The Colombo stock exchange (Cse), which is currently one of the best performing stock exchanges with a market capitalization of rs. 2.2 trillion (or 40 percent of gdP), will be developed further by expanding the products offered, listing many companies from both private and state owned enterprises, and widening the opportunities for investors. Benefiting from these measures, the market capitalization to gdP ratio of the Cse is expected to increase to more than 50 percent by 2016. Conducive measures to develop corporate debt securities market will also be in place to satisfy financing needs of corporates.

Macroeconomic Policy directionThe macroeconomic policy will be directed towards further strengthening the improvements achieved in the recent past. The overall budget deficit, which will be reduced to below five percent of gdP in the medium term, will be maintained at that level thereafter with broad revenue efforts and efficiency gains in public expenditure management. A prudent monetary policy will be undertaken to contain demand pressures in the economy in order to maintain inflation at single digit levels and stability in external reserves.

The well coordinative fiscal monetary cooperation will enable the country to maintain a low interest rate structure and stable exchange rate regime that will be conducive for a rapid expansion in investment and growth. The financial system stability will be strengthened to improve its resilience through further improvement in regulations and supervision. The external current account deficit will be maintained at a desired level while a competitive, yet stable exchange rate will be maintained, supported by a surplus in the Balance of Payments supporting external stability and sustain sri Lanka’s external competitiveness. The projected economic growth of over eight percent is expected to be achieved with the gradual increase in investment to over 30 percent of gdP and efficiency gains in investment and production from both the public and private sectors.

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Projections for Selected key Macroeconomic Variables: 2010-2016

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Public spending decisions in the coming decade will be guided by the following:

macro fiscal stabilitygradual reduction of fiscal deficit towards five percent of gdP while targeting six to seven percent of overall public investments, aiming at generating a revenue surplus. This will involve recurrent expenditure being a clear monitoring variable.

improved flow of Budget informationinvesting in reliable and timely information on budgets and outcomes can have a hugely positive impact on the ability of policymakers to make decisions. The flow of budgetary information across government ministries, agencies and provinces, and the scope of what is made public at the central, provincial and district levels are being expanded.

establishing a Clear system for Assessing Costs and BenefitsThe government’s Public investment Programme (PiP) translates policies into actions using strategic targets and explicit cost-benefit analysis. This leads to better decision and protects core and high priority programmes. sequencing of projects and identifying appropriate funding arrangements will be done within the resource limits.

fully funded recurrent expenditureThe mahinda Chintana pays attention to operation and maintenance expenditure, as well as rehabilitation of existing assets to maximize productivity. recurrent expenditure on education, health and social spending has high content of capital nature and the community involvements in such spending programmes will be promoted for greater productivity, cost effectiveness and accountability. Jana sabha system is expanded to manage productivity aspects of rural centric development initiatives and ensure effective coordination of service delivery of a wide range of government activities at the village level.

hoW to aLLoCate PuBLiC eXPenditure

keY deCiSionS

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The introduction of Pro-regional, Pro growth Bias ProgrammesThe mahinda Chintana’s strong emphasis on equitable development would suggest that public spending should be pro poor, pro growth and pro regional. good progress has been made recently, but in a number of programmes, the poorer segments of the population and country still need to channel more resources. rural-urban imbalances in access to transport, electricity, quality drinking water, education and health are corrected with more resources being allocated to supplement regular programmes through regionally focused development initiatives – Uthuru Wasanthaya, negenahira navodaya, rajarata navodaya, Wayamba Pubuduwa, Pubudamu Wellassa, Kandurata Udanaya, sabaragamu Arunalokaya and ran Aruna. Public investment will be directed to promote growth and value creation opportunities. spending on social security will be encouraged through community participation.

diversifying the sources of financingdonor funding arrangements have financed a large share of infrastructure investments. however, an expanded opening for private sector participation and appropriate pricing policies and efficiency gains to generate more self financing investments by state enterprises are encouraged to reduce the reliance on debt financing. scope for efficiency gains from reducing waste and improvement is considerable. reduction in transmission losses of electricity, non revenue in the distribution of water, excess use in irrigated water and improvements in procurement of fertilizer, pharmaceutical drugs and hospital materials and scientific costing of public investment projects can generate sizable savings in the government budget.

2. A prosperous country A lAnd of plenty

Agriculture:FeedingtheNation

FisheriesandAquaticResources

SelfRelianceintheLivestockIndustry

Irrigation: WaterisOurHeritageandLife

PlantationEconomy

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our farmers undergo severe suffering due to the scarcity of water, non availability of land, crop losses, and poor markets for their produce and lack of access to technology...... A new approach is necessary to resolve problems faced by farmers

(Mahinda Chintana - 2005, p 43)

(Mahinda Chintana – 2010, pp 81-82)

the tank and the field; the tank next to the dagoba: this is our social foundation; our very special heritage….. i revere Mother earth. My forefathers cultivated this fertile land of ours…..through the “Api Wavamu rata nagamu” programme, we have fulfilled the aspirations of the Mahinda Chintana that i presented in the section titled “ketata Arunella”. i sincerely believe that the progress we have thus made in agriculture is as valuable as our victory in the war against terror

overview

chart: 2.1.1:

percentage Distribution of cultivated

Land used for Agriculture

2.1 Agriculture: Feeding the nation

TheAgriculturesectorinSriLankaplaysakeyroleinthecountry’seconomicdevelopmentanditsnewroleinthefuturehasnowbeenredefinedinthelightofthenewdevelopmentvisionandthefutureaspirationsofthenation.Atpresent,agriculturecontributesabout13percenttothecountry’sGDPandemploysabout33percentofitsworkforce.Thegovernmenthasgiventheprioritytoenhancethedomesticproductioninwhichthesuccessofsuchapolicywaswelldemonstratedduringtheperiodwheretherewasaworldfoodcrisis.

Ofthetotalcultivableland(2.9mnha),65percent(1.9mnha)iscultivatedwithagriculturalcrops.Paddyoccupies40percentoftheagriculturalland.Coconut,teaandrubbertogetheraccountfor39percent.Theremainder(21percent)isaccountedforallothercrops;otherfieldcrops,horticulturalcropsandotherexportcrops.

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Atpresent,theagriculturalsectorfacesanumberofproblemsincludinglowproductivity,lowleveloftechnologicalinnovation,inadequatecreditflows,pooraccesstointernationalmarketsandinadequateuseofqualityseedsandplantingmaterial.

SriLanka’sagriculturaloutputperhectareorperagriculturalworkerissignificantlylowerthanthatoftheneighboringAsiancountries.Thelowlevelofproductivityandover-employmentarethekeyissuesforthisunfavorableoutcome.About44percentoftheagriculturallandsaresparselyusedbuthaveahugepotentialfordevelopment.

Itappearsthatthescientificknowledgeavailableininstitutionsishardlylinkedtotheextensionservices.Muchresearchisneitherlinkedtonordoesaddresseitheremergingoractualneedsofthecommunity.

Thoughalargenumberofruralpeopleareengagedinagriculture,theyarenotversedinmodernscientificagriculturalmethods.Asaresult,inputssuchaswater,fertilizerandchemicalsareeitheroverusedorinappropriatelyused.Thecropsarealsoselectedwithoutconsideringtheemergingneedsinthemarket.

Shortagesandtheinconsistentsupplyofvalueaddedproductsmeetingthehighglobalhygienicstandardshaveactedasanimpedimenttoglobalmarketaccessforthesector.

Inadequatecreditflowsfromformalbankinginstitutionshaveimpededthesmoothfunctioningofthesector.Shortageofqualityseedsandplantingmaterialremainamajorissueinincreasingproductionandproductivity.Atpresent,only35percentoftheseedpaddyrequirementisprovidedbybothprivatesectorandtheGovernment.

Toaddresstheseissues,theGovernmentintendstointroduceaseriesofmeasures.Accordingly,theGovernmentplaceshighpriorityonmodernizationofagriculturalpracticesandimprovementofproductivityandcompetitivenesswhileenhancingthevalueadditionandproductdiversificationtogeneratenewincomesandviableemploymentopportunities.Itisplannedtoraisetheagriculturaloutputsignificantlyduringthenextdecade,whilemaintainingitscontributiontoGDPatasatisfactorylevel.Accordingly,theGovernmentwillsupportallmajorstepsintheproductioncycle;fromcultivationtomarketinginbothdomesticandinternationalmarkets.Thiswillleadtheagriculturesectortogrowat10percentduringthenextdecade.Theendoftheprolongedconflicthasreleasedahugeamountofarablelandthatcanbeutilizedforproductivepurposes.Thiswillcomplementtheefforttoachieveimprovementsintheagriculturesectorinthefuture.

overall policy DirectionTheGovernment’sagriculturalpolicyaimsatrealizingmultiplegoalsincluding(a)achievingfoodsecurityofpeople(b)ensuringhigherandsustainableincomeforfarmers(c)ensuringremunerativepricesforagriculturalproduce(d)uninterruptedaccesstocompetitivemarketsbothinSriLankaandabroad(e)farmmechanization(f)expandingtheextentundercultivation(g)reducingwastageintransit(h)ensuringenvironmentalconservation(i)introducingefficientfarmmanagementtechniquesand( j)usinghighyieldingseedsandimprovedwatermanagement.

Inthiscontext,highpriorityisplacedinachievingabroadbasedshiftfromlow-valueaddedproductstohighvalueaddedagricultureproductsaccompaniedbysustainedimprovementsinproductivityandcompetitivenessininternationalmarkets.Also,asmechanizationofagriculturalactivitieswillleadtoasignificantshiftoflabourfromagriculturetoothereconomicsectors,improvementoflabourproductivityandsatisfyinglabourrequirementsarevitalinfuture.

paddy – the national cropBeingthestaplefoodofSriLankans,ricehasbecomethemainsourceofcalorierequirementofpeople.Atpresent,SriLankaisalmostselfsufficientinrice.TheGovernmentpolicyaimsatfurtherraisingproductiontoasustainableleveloverthenextdecade.

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Itisalsoenvisagedtoensurearemunerativepricetopaddyfarmersinordertoensurethesustainabilityoftheagriculturesector.ThiswillbeapproachedbytheGovernmentthroughtwinstrategies:thecontinuationofthefertilizersubsidytoreducethecostofproductionandthemaintenanceofafloorpriceforpaddythroughGovernment’speriodicmarketinterventions.Similarly,fairpricingsystemssuchasforwardcontractmarketswillbeputinplacetoensurearegularhighreturntopaddyfarmers.

Multipleirrigationserviceswillbefurtherexpandedwhilerehabilitatingtheexistingschemes.Further,thesewillbeequippedwithmodernwatermanagementtechniquesimprovingwaterusageefficiency.Thatwillfacilitatetheprovisionofadequatewaterforcultivationduringtheoff-monsoonperiodsandsupportnewarablelandforpaddycultivation.

Thetraditionalvarietiesofpaddysuchasheenati,alwee,suwandalsudurusamba,rathdel,andpachchaperumalwillbepromotedonanorganicbasis.Theywillbeintroducedtotouristhotelsandamonglocalpeoplewhowouldprefertoconsumethem.

RiceflourprocessingfactorieswillbeestablishedinseveraldistrictsincludingHambantota,Anuradhpura,PolonnaruwaandAmparatoencouragericeflourconsumptionasasubstituteforwheatflour,whilesupplyingvalueaddedproductstothemarket.Productsofriceandallieditemswillbenurturedamongpeoplesuchasredricenoodlesandbiscuitsforgoodhealth.

Thedemandforriceisexpectedtogrowfasterthanthelocalproductionduetotheincreaseinpopulationandthepeople’sshiftfromwheatflourtoriceonaccountoftheGovernment’ssupportivepolicies.Therefore,inordertocatertotheincreasingdemand,itisnecessarytoraisetheaverageyieldofpaddysignificantly.Whileexpandingthecultivableextentthroughnewlands,particularlyintheNorthandtheEast,theaverageyieldwillbeincreasedthroughcultivationofimprovedvarieties,improvingqualityseedproduction,adoptionofadvancedwatermanagementsystemsandcomprehensivecultivationandharvestingtechniques.Withtheapproachofselfsufficiency,farmerswillbemorevulnerabletomarketshocksintheformofunanticipatedpriceslumpsduetoproductiongluts.

KeyIndicator 2005 2009AnticipatedTargets

2015 2020

Landuse-Sownextentofmahaseason(‘000ha)

581 631 700 730

Sownextentofyalaseason(‘000ha)

357 345 480 540

Extentofabandonedpaddylands(000’ha)

150 100 30 No

Productivityofpaddylands(mt/ha)

2.06 4.3 5.5 6.5

Annualproductionofpaddy(mn.mt)

2.24 3.64 6.5 8.2

Provisionofqualityseedpaddy

24% 35% 60% 100%

Topreventthis,theGovernment,asatoppriority,willcommencesupportingtheproductionofmoreandmorevalueaddedproductsfromricewhichwillbepropularisedinthelocalmarketinthefirstinstanceandthendirectedtointernationalmarkets.ThepresentlyidlingresourcesoftheGovernmentresearchinstitutionsandlocaluniversitieswillbeharnessedfullyforthispurpose.

table: 2.1.1statistics on production of paddy

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other Field crops – Achieving self sufficiencyThecropswhichcouldbegrownlocallysuchasonion,chillie,cowpea,maize,greengram,kurakkanandothersubsidiaryfoodcropswillbegivenhighpriorityforfurtherexpansion.Toacceleratetheproductiongrowth,researchanddevelopmentinitiativeswillbedirectedtowardsthedevelopmentofhighyieldingvarieties,

oFc crops production (mt) Imports (mt) production target (mt) Import targets (mt)

2005 2009 2005 2009 2015 2020 2015

Bigonion 55,550 81,707 110,713 143,237 240,570 250,300 1,000

Redonion 53,730 46,232 10,233 16,208 56,500 60,750 500

Driedchillies 11,749 10,318 27,260 36,015 52,500 60,850 2,000

Maize 41,800 129,769 146,930 27,200 270,320 350,000 2000

Kurakkan 6,450 6,433 1,380 3,272 27,150 44,600 100

Greengram 9,000 9,258 9,320 14,183 45,170 66,900 200

Blackgram 6,920 7,071 4,641 3,349 18,590 26,760 150

Cowpea 11,180 13,480 195 429 20,000 35,000 50

Soyabean 4,990 6,050 1,310 1,790 14,600 19,250 50

Groundnut 9,040 13,077 4,880 3,950 21,920 26,760 0

Gingerly 6,160 8,523 27 23 17,650 26,760 0

table: 2.1.2 present production, Imports and production targets of oFc

Fruits and Vegetables –explore the Full potentialThecountryhasthepotentialtoproduceallitstropicalfruitsandvegetablesforitsneedsandalsoforexport.ThepolicyoftheGovernmentistoincreasetheproductionoftheseitemstoattainnearselfsufficiencylevelby2020.

Byexpandingtheirrigationfacilities,farmerswillbeproductivelyengagedincultivatingfruitsandvegetablesfarmingduringtheoffseasonsinexistinglandsinMoneragala,Hambantota,Matale,KurunegalaandPuttalamdistricts,andthenewlyopenedareasintheNorthernandEasternProvinces.Thecultivationoffruitsandvegetablesinhomegardenswillalsobepromotedbylinkingthemarketingnetworkdirectlywiththe

goodqualityseedsandadvancedcultivatingpractices.Bymovingtowardtheselfsufficiencyinthesecrops,opportunitieswillbeprovidedforSriLankanfarmingcommunitiestoenhancetheirincomesandgenerateruralbasedemployment.Tosafeguardthefarmersfromseasonalpricedeclines,forwardmarketcontractswillbepopularizedforalmostallthesecrops.

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producers.SMEswillalsobeencouragedtoinvestincultivation,providingnecessaryinputs(eg.land)andcreatingaconduciveenvironmentforinvestment.Thus,theimportoftheseitemswillbeconfinedtomeetonlythemarginalrequirementsoftheconsumers

Crops 2009 Target2015 Target2020

Production(mt)

Export/(Import)(mt)

Production(mt)

Export/(Import)(mt)

Production Export/(Import)(mt)

Potato 61,700 (95,000) 105,500 (60,000) 150,000 (25,000)

Vegetables 840,450 (260) 1,200,000 200,000/(30) 1,500,000 350,000/(5)

Fruits

Banana 378,336 20 440,000 20,000 491,000 40,000

Pineapple 59,550 1290 95,000 27,000 120,000 45,000

Papaw 21,138 321 33,000 8,000 45,000 15,000

Mango 70,418 63 110,000 18,000 150,000 40,000

table: 2.1.3present production, Imports and production targets of potato, Vegetables and Fruits

andthehoteltrade.Anyglutinproductionduringtheseasonswillbeconvertedintoexportableitemsbymodernizingthefruitprocessingindustryinthecountry.Vegetableandfruitpackingcrateswillbeintroducedtoreducethepostharvestlossesbyasignificantamount.

Floriculture – Best Quality productsSriLankawillberecognizedasoneofthebestqualityproductioncentresforfloricultureproductsintheworld.Incutflowerproduction,highqualitynewhybridvarietiesimportedfromoverseaswillbeusedasmotherplantsandanumberofnurserieswillbemodernizedwithtissuecultureapparatus.1,500floriculturevillageswillbeestablishedintheWestern,NorthWesternandCentralProvinces.30,000jobswillbegeneratedinruralandsuburbanareas.Withthat,theshareofexportsofcutflowersandfoliagewillincreasesignificantlyduringthedecade.

Herbal Farms for Better Health25,000hectaresofherbalfarmswillbeestablishedintheEasternandNorthernProvincesunderthesupervisionoftheMinistryofIndigenousMedicine.Inaddition,20,000hectaresoflandwillbenewlycultivatedwithginger,turmericandcitronellainKilinochchi,Ampara,HambantotaandTrincomaleeDistricts.Approximately0.2millionhectaresoflandswillbecultivatedwithpulses,tubersandcerealscountrywide.

strengthened Input Delivery systemseed Farms for Quality InputsTheGovernmentseedfarmsatKundasale,Aluththarama,Malwatta,Karadiyanaru,Kantalai,MahaIllupallama,Peedru,Kandapola,Meepilimana,Udaradella,Rahangala,Polonnaruwa,ParanthanandJaffnawillbedevelopedwithmoderntechnologyaimedatincreasingtheyield.Bufferstocksofcertifiedseedswillbemaintainedensuringanuninterruptedsupplyofseeds.

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nuclear seed Farms Development programme

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Thereisalsothenecessityfordevelopingacompetitiveandregulatedseedindustrybyinvolvingtheprivatesectorinseedproductionanddistribution.StrictquarantiningregulationswillbeputinplacewhenimportingseedsbyenactingtheSeedActinordertoprotectandsafeguarddomesticagriculture.

Farmer-friendly Agriculture Lending Thetraditionalroleofbankcreditinagriculturetofundseasonalproductionwillbereversedwiththebudgetarydecisionof10percentmandatorylendingtotheagriculturesectorbycommercialbanks.TheCentralBankwillalsopromoterefinanceschemeswithaviewtosupportingagriculturaldevelopmentinseveraldistricts.Inordertofurtherstrengthenthissector,newcreditschemeswillbeintroducedtothefarmersinadditiontothe10percentmandatorylendingrequirement.

chart: 2.1.2target Investment 2011-2020(rs. mn)

Better Breeding for Higher yieldAgriculturalbiodiversitywillbestrengthenedbyacceleratingtheconventionalbreedingoftheagriculturalsectortoensurehigheryield.

research and Development for AgricultureResearchanddevelopmentrelatingtotheagriculturewillbeexpandedforproblemsidentificationandproductivityimprovementinthesector.Researchinstituteswillbedeveloped,providingnecessaryinfrastructurefacilitiesandnewtechnologicalequipment.Humandevelopmentwillalsobestrengthenedbylinkingtheknowledgehubs.Extensionapproacheswillbedevelopedusingsocialmarketingconceptstoaddvaluethroughinformationandcommunicationtechnology.Inaddition,awarenessprogrammeswillalsobearrangedtodisseminateresearchfindingsamongthefarmersandthepotentialfarmercommunity.

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Agircultural research resource Base

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Links Between producers and consumersFacilitieswillbefurtherdevelopedtosupportconnectivitybetweenconsumersandproducers,reducingthetransportcostandsavingtime.Theintegrationoftheeconomywillresultinopeningbackwardareasfordevelopment.Thebarcodesystemwillbeestablishedwithproducerdetailswhichwouldenabletradersorconsumerstodirectlycontacttheproducers.Thiswillprovideopportunitiesforproducerstoreceiveordersdirectly.

crop Diversifications through Multiple cropping and Inter-croppingCropdiversificationwillbepromotedtoensurecontinuousfarmerincomesandmitigatenaturalandman-maderisks.Inaddition,multiplecroppingandinter-croppingwillbepromotedaimingatensuringtheefficientuseofcultivableland.

new areas for Interventions

Agro-tourism to Attract touristsAgro-tourismwillbepopularizedamongtouristsandlocalpeople.Visitorswillbegivenopportunitiestoharvestandtastefreshfruitinsidethefarm.Largescaleorchardswithentertainmentfacilitiesforrelaxationandenjoymentwillbesetupatlocationstowhichtouristsareattracted.

Low cost Locally produced FertilizerThepriceoffertilizerishighintheinternationalmarketandthereforeimportationoffertilizerwillmakecreateanunnecessarypressureonthebalanceofpayments.ManufacturingoffertilizerwillthereforebepromotedusinglocallyavailablerawmaterialsuchasEppawalaRockphosphateetc.

Organicmanureproductionwillbepopularizedamongfarmersthroughdisseminatingoftechnicalknow-howandensuringahigherpricefororganicproducts.

collaboration Between Farmers and entrepreneursThejointcollaborationoffarmerswithprivateentrepreneurswillbeacceleratedtoestablish10orchardsof200hectareseachinseveraldistrictsincludingJaffna,Anuradhapura,Kilinochchi,Polonnaruwa,Badulla,Moneragala,Puttalam,Vavuniya,HambantotaandKalutara–eg.Anuradhapura–Mango;Jaffna–Grapes;Moneragala–Passionfruit;Hambantota–Dragonfruit.

promote natural DrinksItisplannedtopopularizefruitjuicesinsteadofcarbonatedsoftdrinksamongpeople.Modernfruitprocessingfactorieswillbeestablishedinthisregardineightlocations–Gampaha,Anuradhapura,Polonnaruwa,Hambantota,Badulla,Kilinochchi,KandyandKalutara.

export of Bottled Fruits and VegetablesBottledtropicalfruitsuchasrambutan,melon,mango,pineappleandpapaya,driedtropicalfruitandvegetablessuchaspineapple,mango,banana,papaya,jack,breadfruit,carrots,beans,leeksandonionwillbeexportedindifferentforms.

strengthen Institutional collaborationInstitutionalcollaborationisverynecessarywhenachievingacommongoal.Therefore,existinginstitutionalmechanismswithintra-regionalcooperationincoreareasofagricultureandlivestockwillbefurtherstrengthened.Inaddition,training,harmonizingknowledgeandpractice,sharingandcapacitybuildingwillalsobeinplace.

economies of scaleSmallfarmsfaceseriousconstraintsinadoptingmoderntechnologyandinmarketingtheirproduce.Theirunitcostsremaincomparativelyhighbecauseofthehighoverheadcosts.Therefore,farmersareencouragedtogoforlargescalecooperativefarmingtogetthebenefitofeconomiesofscale.

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Waste Management in AgricultureOrganicfertilizerproductionbyagriculturalwastewillbepromotedthroughpublic–privatepartnerships.Theproductionofbio-energyintheformofethanolandbio-dieselcouldbepromotedthroughthisintervention.

the use of Ict in AgricultureICTmediatedengagementintheresearch-education-extensioncontinuumwillbepromotedenhancing

greatertechnologyexchangeamongrelevantagenciesandfarmerswhileimprovingfarmers’opportunitiesforimprovedincomeandlivelihoodsecurity.

Newbio-techcropswillbegrownonmarginallandswithdevelopeddroughttolerantvarietiestherebyreducingtheneedforusinginputsandwaterunnecessarilyandunproductively.

PolicyThrust Intervention KeyIndicator Present

status

AnticipatedTargets

2015 2020

Productionand

productivity

increaseof

agriculture

productsto

ensurethe

foodsecurity

ofpeopleand

toexportthe

surplus

pADDy

Provisionofimprovedseeds,planting

materialsandotherinputswithmodern

technology

Expansionoftheextentofthecultivable

land

Provisionofwatersupplythroughthe

10,000tankprogrammeandthemega

irrigationprojects

Productivityofpaddy

lands

Annualproductionof

paddy

Provisionofquality

seedpaddy

Importofwheatflour

(mt)

Extentofabandoned

paddylands(ha)

Croppingintensity

4.3mt/ha

3.64million

mt

35%

662,000

100,000

120%

5.5mt/ha

6.5million

mt

60%

350,000

30,000

140%

6.5mt/ha

8.2million

mt.

100%

130,000

0

160%.

other Field crops (oFc)

Modernizationofresearchinstitutesand

seedfarmstocatertothedemandforseed

andtherequirementsofplantingmaterial

Landwillbeprovidedtoprivatepartiesto

augmentthecultivationofcereals,tubers

andpulses

Noofseedfarms

modernized

Additionalamount

oflandsprovidedfor

cultivation

Farms

areunder

utilized(19)

OFC-

1,10,000ha.

50%0fthe

farms(10)

0.1mnha

Allseed

farms(19)

0.1mnhaof

landswillbe

cultivated

Horticulture crops

Increaseofvegetableproductionby

reducingpostharvestlossesandensuring

thepricestabilitybymakingadirect

connectionbetweenproducerand

consumer.

Vegetableproduction 0.58mn

mt

1.2mn

mt

1.5mn

mt

Activity output Matrix: Development of the Agriculture sector

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PolicyThrust Intervention KeyIndicator Present

status

AnticipatedTargets

2015 2020

Establishmentofnewfloriculturevillages

forincreaseinexportrevenue

EstablishmentoforchardsbasedonJoint

collaborationbetweenfarmersandprivate

entrepreneurs

Nooffloriculture

villagesestablished

Nooforchards

established

Onlyafew

farmsare

operational

atpresent.

Atpresent

theconcept

offruit

zoningis

limited

toafew

locations

600

floriculture

villages

5orchards

of200ha

eachwillbe

established

1500

floriculture

villages

10orchards

Creationof

aknowledge

basedfarming

society

Enhancementofinstitutionalcapacity

Developmentoftheagricultural

informationsystemthroughAgrarian

ServiceCentres(ASC)

NoofASCs

modernizedand

developed.

80ASCs

havealready

beencovered

Cover350

ASCs

Coverall

ASCs(552)

Researchand

development

willbeoriented

towardsthe

demanddriven

approaches

whicharisedue

toactualneeds

ofthepeople

andthesector

Promotionoftraditionalricevarieties

amongfarmers

Developmentofresearchinstitutesand

regionalresearchcentres

Improvementofagriculturalbiodiversity

Accelerationofbreedingprogrammes

amongtraditionalvarieties

Strengthenextensionactivitiesandclose

theresearchgap

Extentofcultivation

Noofinstitutes

24,000ha

Tobe

improved

35,000ha

All

institutes

(13)willbe

developed

50,000ha

-

Processingand

valueaddition

Exportofvalueaddedagriculturalproducts

andestablishmentofnewfruitand

vegetableprocessingfactories

Postharvestlossesareminimizedwith

theintroductionofcratesandmodern

technology

Nooffactories

established

Percentofpost

harvestloss

-

30-35%

5

5%

16

2%

Integration

ofmarketing

channel

Maintainabufferstockofpaddyand

strengthenstoragecapacity

Stocktobestored 250,000mt 750,000mt 1.3mnmt

Promotionofcommercialagriculture

Developmentofcontractsandcooperative

farming

Introductionofbar

codesystem

Noofcommercial

farms

Onlyafew

farmsare

opera-tional

atpresent

500

20%

1500

50%

3000

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We have so far failed to tap the vast potential of the ocean resources surrounding us. i am determined to change this situation and develop the fisheries industry and to bring it to a level of the industry in Japan and thailand

(Mahinda Chintana - 2005, p 43)

2.2 Fisheries and Aquatic resources

overviewSriLankahasconsiderablefisheriespotentialincoastal,offshore/deepsea,inlandfisheriesandaquaculture.Thefisheriessectorcontributesaround1.2percenttoGDPandemploysover650,000peopledirectlyandindirectlythroughrelatedactivities.

However,owingtothefollowingchallenges,theexploitationofcoastalresourceinExclusiveEconomicZoneofSriLankahasbeensubsidedoverthepastfewdecades;

Optimalexploitationofdeepsearesourceshasbeenhamperedbylowlevelsoftechnology.

Inadequateinvestmentofprivatesectorinlargescaleinfrastructuredevelopmentanddeepseafishing.

Relativelyhigh(30percent)postharvestlosses,poormarketchainandtransportfacilities.

Degradationofcoastalandaquaticenvironmentandpoormanagementofcoastalandaquaticenvironment.

Non-availabilityofreliableanduptodatemarineandinlandfishresourcedata.

Thefleetwhichcouldbedeployedfordeepseafishingisratherlimitedandaccountsonlyfor9percent.Further,43percentofoperatingboatsarestillnon-motorizedtraditionalboats.Theoutboardandfixedenginesaccountforonly45percent.

policy DirectionThefisheriesdevelopmentpolicyaimsatexploitingthecountry’sfisheriesandaquaticresourcesinasustainablemanner,whileconservingthecoastalenvironment.Thegovernmentistargetingself-sufficiencyinthenationalfishsupplyandasignificantincreaseinfishexports.Thekeycomponentsofthepolicydirectionsarespecifiedasfollows.

Diversificationofproductionandexploitationofoffshoreanddeepseafisheriesthroughtheintroductionofmoderntechnologygivinghighprioritytoefficientfishingmethods.Itisalsoplannedtoreducepressureoncoastalresourcesthroughtheimplementationoffisherymanagementprogrammes.

SriLankapossessessuitablewaterbodiesthroughout

thecountryfordevelopingaviableinlandfishing.Thus,developmentsoffreshwatercapturefisheriesandaquacultureininlandwaterbodieshavealsobeenidentifiedasaviableindustry.Thiscanbeimplementedthroughincreasingfishseedproductionandintroducingthemintominorandseasonaltankswiththesupportofcommunitybasedfisherymanagement.

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Highpostharvestlossesandlackofknowledgeinhandlingoffishhavebeenidentifiedasaseriousimpedimenttomarketingandproducerpriceinthefishingindustry.Therequirementofpreventionofsuchlosseshasbeengivenpriorityinthedevelopmentplan.

Inadequateandpoorlymanagedfisheriesinfrastructurehasconsiderablysloweddownthedevelopmentofthefishingindustry.Hence,infrastructurefacilitieswillbeimprovedtoexploitthefishresourcesandreducepostharvestlosses.

strategies Basedontheabovepolicydirections,thefollowingstrategiesandprojectswillbeimplementedtoachievesettargetsforthefishingindustry.

promotion of offshore and Deep sea FishingOffshoreanddeepseafishingwillbepromotedthroughmodernizationoffisheriesinfrastructuresandthefishingfleet.Underthis,existingharbourswillbedevelopedwithmodernfacilitiesandnewharbourswillbeestablishedatstrategicplaces.

chart: 2.2.1

Therapidexpansionofthemulti-dayfleetwillbeachievedthroughdevelopingboatmanufacturingcapacityandintroducingcreditschemestothefishingcommunitytoprocuremulti-dayboats.Newfishingtechnologieswillbeintroducedtoharvestunderandun-exploitedresourcesandreducethepostharvestlossesinfishhandling.

reduction of post Harvest LossesAtpresent,postharvestlossesinthefishingindustryremainat30percent.Withtheaimofreducingthepostharvestlosses,newtechniquesforfishlandingandhandlingwillbeintroduced.Inadditiontobetterfishhandlingtechniques,storagefacilitiesandtransportfacilitieswillbeintroducedamongfishhandlers.ThepostharvestlossesandthequalityofproductswillbeimprovedbystrengtheningHACCP,ISOandGMP.

Valachchenai

Codbay

Kalpitiya

Mutwal

Panadura

Beruwala

Hikkaduwa

Galle

Puranawella

Kudawella

Tangalle

Kirinda

Mannar

Myliddy

Mirissa

FISHERY HARBOURS & ANCHORAGEIN SRI LANKA

Dodanduwa

Operation Habours

Donor Found Habours

Under Construction Habours

Anchorage

(Operation & Maintain by C.F.H.C.)

Ambalangoda

Nigambo

Chilaw

Pudavaikaddu

Mulathivu

Pottuvil

Hambanthota

Dikkovita

Investment in Fisheries sector 2011-2020

FIsHery HArBours & AncHorAGeIn srI LAnKA

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table: 2.2.1

Key Indicators in the Fisheries sector

types of Boats 2005 2009 2015 2020

Marinefishproduction(mt/yr) 296,000 625,000 1100,000

Multidayboats 1328 2934 5250 8000

Highseaboats 11 19 90 200

Onedayboats 1164 958 1500 2000

FRPdayboats 11010 17193 22500 29000

total Motorized Boats 15162 23211 29340 39200

capacity Development of the Fishing communityKnowledgeandskillsofthemarineemployeeswillbeincreasedthroughimprovedtrainingandextensionservices.

Improvement of the Marketing and Distribution systemModernhygienicwholesaleandretailsalefishmarketswillbeestablishedthroughoutthecountryforensuringtheavailabilityofqualityfish.Further,iceplants,fishstoragefacilitiesandfreezertruckswillbeavailableislandwide.Thiswillalsohelptoreducethepostharvestlossesandproducerpriceoftheharvest.

Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture

Allinlandwaterbodieswillbeconvertedintofishinggroundsthroughincreasingthesupplyoffishseedandreleasingthemintotheinlandwaterbodies.Developmentofexistingaquaculturecentresandestablishingnewcentresatstrategicplaceswillbeacceleratedintheprogramme.Further,trainingandextensionservicesforinlandfisheriesandaquaculture

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chart: 2.2.2composition of fish production

needtobeimprovedforempoweringtheinlandfishfarmersengagedininlandfishing.Ornamentalfishproductionwillbeimprovedwiththesupportofnewentrepreneurs.

promotion of export Market and Value Added productsPromotetheharvesting,collectionandvalueadditionofnewitemsofexportssuchasjellyfish,seaweed,seabassetc.

Undertheabovestrategiesandprojects,thefollowingdevelopmenttargetswillbeachievedduringtheplannedperiod.

Thetotalmarinefishproductionwillbeincreasedby13.5percentperannumandtheinlandfishproductionby11percent.Asaresult,1,100,000mtofmarinefishand130,000mt.ofinlandfishwillbereleasedfordomesticconsumptionandexportby2020.

Percapitaconsumptionoffishwillbeincreasedupto30kilogramsperannumby2020.Thepresentlevelis11kilogramsperannum.

Exportoffishandfisheryproductswillincreasefrom18,500mt(averagequantityduring2005-2009)to530,000mtby2020.

Theexisting13functioningmajorfisheryharbourswillbemodernizedwithiceplants,coldstorages,freezingrooms,fuelstorages,increasedberthinglengthandcommunicationfacilities.Inaddition,theexisting7anchorageswillbeconvertedintomodernizedmarineresourceharbors.By2020,12landingsiteslocatedintheEastern,NorthernandNorth-WesternProvinceswillbedevelopedtoanchorages.

Thefisheryindustryisprovidedaround70percentofthedailyicerequirementwhichwillbeincreasedto100percentby2015.

Postharvestlosseswillbemanagedat5percentandaqualityproductwillbemadeavailabletoconsumersthroughanunbrokencoldchain.

About16,000nonmotorizedtraditionalboatswillbereplaced.Ofthem,5,000willbereplacedbymulti-dayboatsatarateof15percentannuallyandtheremainderwillbeconvertedtoFiberglassReinforcedPlastic(FRP)boats.Thiswillresultin8,000multidayboatsand29,000FRPboatsby2020.

Aboat-tenuresystemwillbeestablishedtoextendthefishingoperationtowardsthehighseasanddeepseaswiththeco-ordinationofmultinationalcompaniesorthroughbilateralagreements.

5newfishinggearfactorieswillbeestablishedinthecoastalprovinces.Theywillbecapableofmanufacturingandrepairingmultidayboats.

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FishprocessingzoneswillbelocatedatNegombo,Beruwala,Galle,Mirissa,Hambantota,Batticaloa,Trincomalee,PointPedroandMannar.

Fishproductslikedriedfish,cannedfishandMaldivesfishwillbeproduceddomestically.Importationwillbeconfinedtohighlyspecifiedproductsforuseinthetourismindustry.

Localinvestorswillhaveagoodbasisforinvestmentinthissectorwiththeprovisionofinfrastructureandnecessaryfiscalpackages.

SriLankawillbebroughtintofifthplaceamong49countrieswhichharvesttunawhileexpandingproductionfromabout90,000mtin2009to175,000mtin2020.

Allinlandwaterbodieswillbeconvertedintofishinggrounds.Thescientistsandgraduatesaquaculturistswillhavejobstocontributetheirknowledgetoboosttheindustry.

Theannualproductionoffingerlingswillbeincreasedto80millionby2020.Fisheryproductionfromaquaculturewillbeatarateofabout11percentperyearandproductionwillreach130,000metrictonsby2020.

Communitybasedorganizations(CBO)willlinkwithprivateentrepreneurs.TheregisteredCBO’swillbegivenauthoritytomanagetanksunderthesupervisionofaquaculturistsandDivisionalSecretaries.

SriLankawillbeapioneerinthetropicalornamentalfishandaquaticplantstradeintheworld.

TheyouthorganizationswhichoperateatDivisionalSecretariatlevelwillbecomeyoungexportbuildersoftheornamentalfishindustry.Theexporterandseveralyoungexportbuilderswillformabuybacksystem.Technicalassistancewillprovidethroughgovernmentinstitutions.

Thedemandforplantingmaterialforaquaticplantswillbemetthroughtissueculture.

Themarineandbrackishwatershrimpculturesystemwillbedevelopedfordomestictradeaswellasforexport.

CagefarmswillbeestablishedinBatticaloa,Trincomalee,Hambantota,Negombo,Chilaw,ElephantPassandPuttalamonthepublicprivatepartnershipbasis.Individualinterestgroupswillbetrainedandformforwardcontractswithexporters.Producerswillbeinsuredwithaninsuranceschemetomanagetheriskoffarming.

Shrimps,Prawns,Crabs,LobstersandSeaCucumberswillbegrownintensivelyincagefarms.Thiswillbepromotedasanalternativelivelihoodactivity.ThevalueofexportswillbeRs.10billionperannumbyyear2020.

Theyoungergenerationwillbeattractedtothesectorwithmodernfishinggear,withtheprovisionofhigherprofessionalknowledgethroughaninstitutionalnetwork(Eg-NIFNE,Universities).

Fishinggroundswillbeidentifiedbyusingsatelliteandremotesensingtechniques.Datawillbetransferredtothecontrolroomoftheharbour.Thatdatawillberedistributedtothemultidayboatsandtrawlers.

TheUdawalawa,Dambulla,IginiyagalaandNuwaraEliyaaquaculturedevelopmentcentreswillbedevelopedwithmoderntechnology.TwofishhatcherycentreswillbedevelopedinaffiliationwiththeDambullaandUdawalawaaquaculturedevelopmentcentres.

Privateentrepreneurswillbeencouragedthroughmarketingandfinancingfacilities,inthepromotionoftheinlandfisheryindustryincludingornamentalfishproduction.

TheGinigathhenaandRambadagalleornamentalfishbreedingandtrainingcentreswillbedevelopedaspioneerbodieswhereaquariumfisharebred,rearedandexportedaslovablepetswithinterlinkstolocalproducersandexporters.

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Activity output Matrix: Development of Fisheries and Aquatic resources

PolicythrustStrategies/Activities

IndicatorPresentstatus

Anticipated achievement by

2015 2020

Promotionofdeepseaandoffshorefishing

Increasemultidayfishingfleets

No.ofdeepseamultidayboats(Nos)No.ofboatmanufacturingyardsNo.ofFishinggearfactories

2934

29

6

5250

35

8

8000

45

11

Developinfrastructurefacilities

No.ofmodernizedmajorfisheryharboursNo.ofactiveiceplants(Nos)Marinefishproduction(mt/yr)

8

75

296,000

13

85

625,000

18

100

1100,000

Reductionofpostharvestlosses

Introducebetterfishhandlingtechniquesandmodernlandingfacilities.

Postharvestlosses(%)

Increasetheshareofskilledfishhandlers(%)

30

10

15

50

5

100

Promotionofornamentalfish,inlandfisheriesandaquaculture

Developinlandfisheriesinreservoirs,tanksandponds

Inlandfishproduction(mt/yr)Productionoffingerlings(million)Coverageofwaterbodieswithpropermanagement(%)No.ofaquaculturecentresNo.ofornamentalfishbreedingandtrainingcentres(Nos)No.ofnewcagefarms

43,000

26

20

4

2

150

80,000

50

40

7

4

2000

130,000

80

80

10

6

5000

Enhancementofprocessingandvalueaddition

Increasefishprocessingzonesandstoragecapacitiestoreducetheimportoffish

No.offishprocessingzones

Shareofstoragecapacity

Quantityofimport(mt)

-

30%

75,500

4

50%

40,000

9

80%

500

Expansionofforeignandlocalmarket

Increasethequalityofexport

Quantityofexport(mt) 18,500 240,000 530,000

Certificationandstandardizationoffishprocessingfactories

5% 50% 100%

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2.3 self reliance in Livestock Industry

only 15 percent of the domestic demand for milk is met by local production. We have to change this unfortunate situation. instead of enriching multinational companies by granting subsidies on imported milk powder, every effort will be made to ensure self sufficiency in milk production.

(Mahinda Chintana– 2005, p 51)

overviewThelivestocksectorconsistsmainlyofthedairyandpoultrysub-sectors,whichareconsideredaspriorityareasforfuturegrowth,employmentgenerationandincreasingincomeofruralfarmers.Developingthelivestocksectorisalsoaverycosteffectivewayofdecreasingtheunder-nutritionamongruralfamilies.Thelivestocksectoraccountedforabout1percentofGDPin2009.About670,000smallholdersareengagedinthesector.Between30-60percentoftheirfarmincomeisgeneratedfromlivestockactivities.

Atpresent,33percentofthenationalmilkrequirementismetthroughlocalproduction.Theconsumptionofmilkandotherdairyproductsisexpectedtoincreaseoverthenextfewyears,withincreasingper-capitaincomeandlivingstandardsofpeople.

Thepoultrysectorhasshownthehighestgrowthduringlastfewyearsandhasdevelopedfromsemi-intensiveproductiontointensivesystemsofproduction.

Themainpolicyobjectivesofthelivestocksectoraretoachieveahigherlevelofself-relianceinmilkand

livestockproduce,providethemtoconsumersatanaffordablepriceforimprovingtheirnutritionstatusandtappingitspotentialforcreationofemployment.Livestockpolicyencouragestheprivatesectortogetengagedincommercialoperationswhilepublicsectorinvestmentwillgraduallybedirectedtoregulatoryactivities,researchandextensionservicestotheareaswherereturnsoninvestmentarenotattractivetotheprivatesectorbutareessentialtothedevelopmentofindustry.

Improvedbreeds,theavailabilityofqualityfodder/pastureandconcentrates,betteranimalhealth,propercollectionandprocessingnetwork,researchandextension,areimportantfactorsinincreasingproduction.Therefore,futurestrategiesforincreasinglivestockproductionwillconcentrateonimprovementsintheseareas,whichwillbeimplementedthroughbothpublicandprivatesectors.

policy DirectionThedairysectorwillbeconsideredastheprioritysectorforpublicinvestmentrecognizingitscontributiontothenationaleconomicdevelopmentprocess.TheGovernmentalsorecognizesthatthereshouldbenorestrictionsontherearingofanimalsformeat(goats,swine,rabbitsetc)andmeatprocessingbytheprivatesector.

Theprivatesectorneedstoassumegreaterresponsibilityindevelopingthepoultrysector.The

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roleofthepublicsectorinpoultrydevelopmentwillbearegulatoryfunctionfocusingonanimaldiseasepreventionandqualityassurance.

strategies and programmes

promotion of Dairy IndustryIntheearly70s,localmilkproductionmet80percentoflocalconsumptionneeds.Buttheopeneconomicpolicyandagrowingdemandresultedinasharpincreaseinimportsofmilkandmilkproducts.Asof2009,localmilkproductioncoversonly33percentofthenationalconsumption.63,876mtofmilkandmilkproductsvaluedatoverRs.30billion(US$296mn.)hasbeenimportedin2009anditrepresented2.1percentofSriLanka’sfoodimports.Hence,withtheaimofreducingthedrainonthecountry’sforeignexchangeresourcesandsupportingemploymentgenerationandfamilyincome,dairyindustrywillbepromotedascomplementaryeconomicactivityacrossthewidesectionofthepopulationbyintroducingimprovedbreeds,feedresources,betteranimalhealth,awelldevelopedcollectionandprocessingnetwork,goodresearchandextensionservices.

Theincomethedairyfarmersearnfromtheircows’milkdependsonthemarketandthecollectionsystems.Basedontheavailabledata,theformaldairyprocessingindustrycollectsonlyaround50-60percentofthetotalproduction.Inmostareas,milkiscollectedonceadayduetounavailabilityofapropercoldchain.Thus,themilkmarketingandprocessingatalllevelsneededtobedevelopedthroughestablishingpropercoldchainswiththesupportoftheprivatesectorandprivatepublicpartnerships.Withthiseffort,thetotalmilkproductionwillbeincreasedtothelevelofselfsufficiency.

table: 2.3.1Key targets of the Livestock sector

Indicator 2005 2009 2015 2020

Selfsufficiencyinmilk(%)

15 33 55 100

MilkProduction(mn.ltrs)

193 233 500 750

Importsofmilkandmilkproducts(mt)

68,100 63,800 33,375 500

Importsvalueofmilkandmilkproducts(US$mn)

133 296 - -

No.ofcattlewithhighproductioncapacity

1.0mn 1.5mn 2.0mn. 2.5mn

Chillingcentres 60 80 150 300

Collectingcentres

- 2542 5000 10,000

Processingcentres

- 2563 5000 10,000

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Modernize Large scale Dairy Farms with private sector participationModernizedlarge-scaledairyfarmswillbeestablishedwiththeprivatesectorandpublicprivatepartnershipinvestments.Thiswillbeachievedbycreatingaconduciveenvironmentforinvestorsbyprovidingland,bankingfacilities,infrastructure,qualityservicedeliverysystemandtaxconcessions.Further,facilitieswillbeprovidedforprocessingandvalueadditiontomilk-relatedproductsaimedatdomesticandexportmarkets.

enhance production of Breeding MaterialsTheshortageofbreedingmaterialshasbeenidentifiedasamajorconstraintinthedevelopmentofthedairyindustry.Withtheaimofaddressingthisissue,importationofhighyieldingcattlebreeds,strengtheningartificialinseminationprogrammesandestablishmentofbreederfarmswiththesupportoftheprivatesectorwillbeundertaken.

chart: 2.3.1Investment 2011-2020

promote poultry productionTheprivatesectorengagementinthepoultryindustrywillbepromotedfurthertoenhancethecontributionofthepoultrysector.Thecurrentdomesticproductionofpoultrywillbedoubledthroughtheencouragementofcapitalintensivebreederfarms,hatcheries,feedmillsandprocessingunits.Thiswillenablethepoultryindustrytodevelopacommercialintensivesystemofproduction.Pure-lineandgrand-parentbreederoperationswillbesupportedandencouragedsoastoincreasetheself-relianceofdayoldparentsrequiredforthepoultryindustry.

strengthen Animal Feed productionTheshortageofanimalfeedproductionincreasethecostofproductionofalllivestockproducts.Thus,animalfeedproductionfactorieswillbeestablishedatstrategicplaceswiththesupportoftheprivatesector.

Improve service Delivery systemTheservicedeliverysystemforthelivestocksectorisnotinapositiontomeetthedemandofthelivestockindustry.Hence,theservicedeliverysystemwillbestrengthenedbyestablishingVeterinaryOffices,VeterinaryInvestigationCentres,AnimalHospitalsanddevelopingthecapacityofthehumanresourcesinthesector.

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promote research and DevelopmentTheGovernmentwillpromoteresearchanddevelopmentthroughtheprivatesectoranduniversitiesintheareasofproductionofhighyieldingbreeds,fodder,grasses,processingandvalueadditionbyprovidingresearchgrants,venturecapitalandincentivestousemoderntechnologies.Basedontheresearchfindings,thegovernmentwillsetandenforcequalitystandardsfordairyplantsandlivestockproducts,particularlywithregardstohygieneandsafeproductsinordertocreateaqualityculture.

popularize Liquid Milk consumptionThestepshavealreadybeentakenbythegovernmenttoencourageliquidmilkconsumptionandthemarketingoffreshmilkwiththeaimofensuringavailabilityofnutritiousfoodforthepeople.However,availablefacilitiesforfreshmilkdistributionarenotadequateintheruralandurbanareas.Therefore,automaticmilkdispensingmachineswillbeestablishedatrailwaystations,citybusstands,schools,hospitals,

airportsandofficepremiseswiththeaimofprovidingfreshliquidmilktoallconsumersatalltimes.Withtheaimofprovidingsafeliquidmilkintheruralareas,aUHTplantwillbeestablished.

Thelivestocksectorwillbeintegratedwiththecropagriculturewhichwillprovidesymbioticrelationshipforimprovingtheproductivityofbothsectors.

Livestock as a Backyard Business and Livelihood for HouseholdsLivestockisalsopromotedasasmallenterpriseandbackyardeconomicactivityinmanyruralareastodiversifytheirsourcesofincomeandtopromoteofffarmactivities.Itwillalsoprovidefoodsecurityfortheruralfamilies.

Thefollowingmatrixindicatesthemainissues,strategy,activitiesandexpectedtargetstobeachievedintheplannedperiod.

Activity outcome Matrix: Development of Livestock

PolicyThrustIssues/

ChallengesStrategy/Activity Indicator

PresentStatus

AnticipatedAchievement

2009 2015 2020

Achieveselfsufficiencyinmilk

Inadequacyoflocalproductionofmilktomeetthenationalequirement

Developmentofnationalherdwithhighyieldingcattlethroughimportationofcattleandstrengtheningartificialinsemination.

ProportionoflocalproductiontothetotalnationalrequirementNo.ofcattlewithhighproductioncapacityNo.ofcalvesproduced/yr

30%

1.5mn50,000

50%

2.0mn75,000

100%

2.5mn120,000

Establishmentofprivatebreederfarms

No.offarms 323 500 1000

ImprovementofNLDBforprovidingbreedingmaterialtothefarmers

No.offarmsNo.ofcalves/heifers/yr

-10,000

550,000

1060,00

DevelopmentoftheNLDBfarmsonthebasisofpublic-privatepartnership

No.offarmsdeveloped/yr 0 10 20

Providingsupportforsmallscalefarmersthroughdairyvillageprogrammes

No.ofdairyvillages 720 2000 5000

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PolicyThrustIssues/

ChallengesStrategy/Activity Indicator

PresentStatus

AnticipatedAchievement

2009 2015 2020

Strengthentheservicedeliverysystem

Poormanagementpracticesandlowproductivity

Improvementofservicedeliverysystemthroughprovidingrequiredphysicalandtrainingfacilitytotheregionallevelofficers.

No.ofwellequippedoffices

No.officerstrained

9

100

15

300

-

500

Improvementofnetworkofdistribution

Poormarketinganddistributionnetworkatregionallevel

Improvementofmarketing,processingandvalueadditionthroughthestablishmentofcollection,chillingandprocessingcentresatstrategiclocations

Establishmentofcollectioncentresatregionallevel

2542 5000 10,000

No.ofUHTplantatregionallevel

3 5 9

No.ofsmallscaleprocessingunits(yogurt,cheese,curdetc.)

2563 5000 10,000

Promotionoftheprivatesectorforengagementinthepoultryandmeatindustry.

Inadequacyofparentstocksanddayoldchicksforpoultryindustry

Strengtheningofpure-lineandgrand-parentbreederoperationsthroughimprovingthequarantinesystem

No.Dayoldchicksproduction/yr

6.0mn. 6.5mn 7.0mn

Developmentofbackyardpoultrysystemsintheruralsector

shareofbackyardpoultryinthetotalproduction

5% 15% 25%

Improvementoflocalproductionofrawmaterialsforpoultryfeed

Maizeproduction(mt/yr)

Soybean(mt/yr)

120,000

6000

200,000

12,000

300,000

15,000

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Governmentstrategiesplacetheagricultureandruralsectorsoundlyatthecoreofitsdevelopmentplans.Prioritizingagricultureandruraldevelopmentiscrucialtoraiseincomeofthemajorityofpeopleandmaintainurbanandruralequity.80percentofthepeopleliveinruralareasand70percentofthepeopleworkinagriculture.AccountingforonefifthofGDPandonethirdofexportrevenues,avibrantagriculturesectorcanalsobeadrivingforceforeconomicgrowthoverthecomingdecade.FourpressingimperativescanbederivedfromGovernmentstrategictargetsinthissector.

(a)Intensifyingagriculturalproductiontoincreaseoutputby 6percentperannumOnly4percentoftherecentgrowthinagriculturalGDPcanbeexplainedbytheapplicationofnewtechnology.Toachievethetargetedgrowthinagriculturaloutput,willrequiregreaterinvestmentsinhighyieldingseedsandplantingmaterials,credit,researchandextension.Measuresarealsobeingintroducedtomakeagriculturalinputandoutputmarketsmorecompetitiveandefficienttobringconsiderablebenefitstofarmers.Improvingtheavailabilityoftechnicalandmarketinformationinruralareaswillbeessentialtoexplorefullpotentialofbothfarmersandentrepreneurs.Intensificationofagriculturalresearchandtechnologydevelopmentwillbeanationalpriority.

tHe GAMA neGuMAeMpoWerInG tHe rurAL econoMy

Key MessAGes

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(b)DiversifyingagriculturalproductiontoraiselivelihoodactivitiesRiceiscurrentlygrownon40percentofallagriculturalland.Useofpaddylandduringoffseasonsintohighervaluecommoditiesiscentraltoraisingagriculturalproductivityandincomes.Nonpaddyandun-irrigatedlandsneedtobeencouragedtocultivatemaize,soyabeans,cowpea,curakan,onions,chiliesandwiderangeoffruitsandvegetables.Prospectforimportsubstitutionintheseareasisimmense.Hi-techgreenhouses,dipirrigationandsolarpowerirrigationmethodshelpputtingun-irrigatedlandsintobetteruse.Floricultureinintermediatezonescanbeagreatsourceofincometoemerginggeneration.Homegardenandbackyardagriculturearetheotherimportantsourcestomeethouseholddailyneeds.

(c)Creatingopportunitiesforoff-farmemploymentThereisaveryrealneedforasupportiveenvironmentforenterprisedevelopmentwhichencouragesthegrowthoflabour-intensiveindustryinruralareas.Investmentsinnationalandprovincialroads,irrigationsandstoragesaremeasureswhichwillstronglysupportthedevelopmentofdynamicruralsectoractivities,bothonandoffthefarmthroughwellconnectedmarketnetwork.

(d)RuralinfrastructureexpansionsRuralandfarmlandaccessroads(Maga-Neguma),electrificationatvillagelevel,telecommunications,minorirrigationsandcommunitywatersupplyprojectsarecentralcomponentsofruralinfrastructuredriveoftheGovernmentinordertoempowerruraleconomyandmakebetterliving.Diversionofresourcesneedtorecognizetheseprioritiesandcommunityownedimplementation.

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2.4 Irrigation – Water is our Heritage and Life

By 2020, the irrigation sector will become a key driving force in agricultural development with the supply of water in adequate, equitable and reliable quantities and in a sustainable, efficient and eco-friendly manner”.

ThroughoutthehistoryofSriLanka,waterhasplayedakeyroleindevelopmentofthecountryandeconomicstatusofitspeople,andinshapingitscultureandthetradition.Formorethan2500years,ourcivilization,whichdevelopedonthebasisofirrigationtechnology,inheritedalegacyofunsurpassedknow-howinthetechnologyofbuildingtanksandirrigationcanals.ThewellknownwordingofKingParakramabahu“UtilizeEveryDropofWaterComingfromtheRainwithoutLettingittoWasteintoSea”isalsoanadmirablelessonforournationfromthehistory.Inlinewiththese,waterresourcesinthecountry,havebeenintensivelyusedforsecuringthelivelihoodsoftheruralcommunityandthefoodsecurityofpeople.However,thissituationatpresentisbeingchangedandthedemandforwaterisheavilyderivedfromothersectorsinadditiontothewaterrequirementintheagriculture.

Atpresent,ofthetotallandareaundercultivation(1.9mn.ha),paddyandotherfoodcrops(excepttea,rubber,coconutandotherexportcrops)whichessentiallyrequireirrigationfacilities,occupyalandextentofabove1mnha.Ofthis,70percentispaddy.Theremainingareaisunderotherfoodcrops.Theavailablereservoirsatpresentprovidewatertoanextentofmorethan0.6mnha.Ofthis,about400,000haarefedbythemajorandmediumscalereservoirs.Theremaining200,000hectaresisfedbytheminortanks.Irrigationschemesinthecountryaremanagedbythree

maininstitutions.Allmajor(>200ha)andmedium(80-200ha)irrigationschemesandtheinter-provincialriversaremanagedbytheDepartmentofIrrigation.Atpresent,theDepartmentmanages102majortanks(69tanksand33anicuts)and230mediumtanks(152tanksand78anicuts).TheMahaweliAuthorityofSriLanka(MASL)managesreservoirslocatedintheMahawelizonesandthisincludes8macroirrigationsystems(Kotmale,Polgolla,Victoria,Randenigala,Rantambe,Bowatenna,SamanalawewaandUdawalawe)and19majorschemes.Inaddition,theMASLmanagesmorethan100mediumandminortanksindifferentMahawelisystems.ithasalsobeenestimatedthattherearemorethan10,000operationalminortanks(below80ha)scatteredallovertheisland.TheseschemesaremanagedbytherespectiveProvincialCouncils.

Theperformanceofmanyirrigationschemeshasnotyetreacheditsthresholdoverthelastfewyears.Therefore,thereturnsoninvestmentsinmostschemesremainlowandinconsistent.Improvingtheperformanceofavailablesystemshasthereforebecomeafeltneed.Inviewofthis,thefutureoftheirrigationsectorhasbeensetoutinawaytopromoteagricultureproductivitybyincreasingtheavailabilityofnewwaterresourcesandenhancingthepresentlevelofwateruseandconveyanceefficienciestoanoptimallevel.

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policy DirectionAtpresent,over80percentofthesurfacewaterinthecountryisusedbytheirrigationsector.Theremaining20percentisusedbyallotherstakeholders.Thenewpolicyinthewatersectoristhereforeaimedatreducingthelevelofwaterusagebytheirrigationsectortoaround60percent.Thiswillcreatepressureontheirrigationsectortodevelopitswateruseefficiencyandalsowillallowtheothersectorstoexpandandmeettheemergingneedsoftheeconomy.

Keepinginlinewiththenationalwaterpolicy,theirrigationpolicywouldmainlyaimatprovidingwaterinadequatequantitiestolandswhicharegoingtobenewlycultivatedandensuringwateravailabilitytoexistinglandstoenablethemtocultivatethroughouttheyear.Thiswillbeachievedthroughfivemaindrives;(1)Waterresourcesdevelopmentandmanagement(2)Improvementandthemodernizationofirrigationinfrastructures(3)Watershedmanagement(4)Institutionalreforms(5)Research&Development.

1. Water resources DevelopmentWaterresourcesdevelopmentwillfurtherbestrengthenedthroughtheaugmentationofnumberofmegaprojectstoharnesstheoptimumuseofsurfaceandgroundwaterresources.Thiswillbecontinuedtoalevelwherethereisanadequateandreliablesourceofwaterforcultivation.Whilepreservingthegroundwatertableandtheenvironment,prioritywillbegiven

toharvestrunoffwaterthatrunswastedintothesea.UnderNewWaterResourcesDevelopmentProgramme,largescaledevelopmentprogrammeswhichhavealreadybeenstarted(eg.Moragahakanda&KalugangaReservoirsDevelopmentProject,Deduru-OyaReservoirProject,UmaOyaHydropowerDiversionProject,RambukkanOyaProject)willbeexpedited,resolvingtechnicalandfinancialconstraintsoverthemediumterm.

Anumberofnewprojectswillalsobeenundertakentoprovidewaterforagricultureandotherwateruses.Amongthem,Gin/NilwalaDiversionProject,SystemB(MaduruOya)RBDevelopmentProject,MalwatuOyaDiversionProject,SystemL(WeliOya)DevelopmentProjectandConstructionoftheNCPCanalaregivenhighpriority.Theseprojectswillalsobeundertakeninparalleltotheon-goingprojectsandareexpectedtobecompletedby2018.

table: 2.4.1on-going Irrigation projects

TheProject TEC(Rs.mn) Location Completedby FinancialSupportby

Deduru-OyaReservoirProject 6,500 PuttalumKurunegala 2013 GOSL

MoragahakandaandKalugangaReservoirsDevelopmentProject

62,000 Matale 2015JBIC,SFDKFAED,OPEC

RambukkanOyaProject 2,500 Ampara 2012 GOSL

UmaOyaHydropowerDiversionProject60,280(US$548mn)

MoneragalaHambantota

2015 Iran

MahaweliSystemB(LB)DevelopmentProject.

16,000 Batticaloa,Trincomalee 2013 GOSL

HedaOyaDevelopmentProject 4,200 Moneragala/Ampara 2014 GOSL

YanOyaDevelopmentProject 8,700 Pangurugaswewa,A’pura. 2014 GOSL

UrawaDiversion 2,200 Matara 2012 GOSL

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TheProject TEC(Rs.mn) Location Completedby

Gin/NilwalaDiversionRs.18000mn(Rs.450mnforfeasibility)

Galle/Matara 2016

KaluGangaDiversionRs.20000mn(Rs.325mnforfeasibility)

Ratnapura 2018

MalwatuOyaDiversionRs.14000mn(Rs.250mnforfeasibility)

Mannar,A’pura 2018

MaOyaDiversionProjectRs.18000mn(Rs.250mnforfeasibility)

Puttalam 2017

SystemB(MaduruOya) Rs.22500mn Batticaloa 2018

SystemL(WeliOya) Rs.6570mnA’pura,Vavuniya,Mullativu

2018

table: 2.4.2new river Basin Diversions

rehabilitation of 10000 tanks “Dahasak Maha Weu programme”Underthenewwaterresourcesmanagementprogramme,the“DahasakMahaWeuProgramme”willbeexpeditedwiththeparticipationoffarmercommunityinordertocompletetherehabilitationof10,000tanksby2020.Itisexpectedthat1000tankswillbecompletedeveryyearfrom2010atanannualestimatedcostofRs.500mn.Underthisprogramme,about200,000acreswillbeprovidedwithassuredsupplyofwaterandwillenableanincreaseinthecroppingintensityofexistinglandsandproductivityofnewcultivablelands.

Undernewwaterresourcemanagementprogramme,anadditionallandextentof100,000haisexpectedtobecultivatedby2018.MostoftheselandsareindryareasintheNorth,NorthCentral,East,Uva,WayambaandSouthernProvinces.

Requiredinvestmentfornewwaterresourcedevelopmentwillbedonebythegovernmentwiththesupportfromoverseascountries.Amongtheprojectswhichareon-going,MoragahakandaandUmaoyaprojectsarefundedbydonorswhileasubstantialcontributiontodesignandpreliminarystudiesisbeingmadebythegovernment.Thefundsforproposedprojectsareexpectedfromprospectivedonors.Privatesectorinvestorswillbeencouragedtoinvestinareaseg.eco-tourismandagri-businesswherereturnoninvestmentisattractive.

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Area/Project Description&Location

Eco-tourism Seaplanelanding&boatservicesinVictoria.Promotionofeco-tourisminRandenigala,Rantambe&Polgolla.Eco-tourismpromotionfromsystemLtoKokilailagoonandinUdaWalawa.

Agri-businessventuresinriverbasins.

Bananafibre&pulpindustryinUda-WalaweBamboorelatedindustriesinMahaweli&KotmaleriverbasinsRicebranoilmanufacturinginMahaweliSystemCInlandfisheriesandornamentalfishbreedinginKiralakeleandKokilai.PromotionofdiaryfarminginMahawelisystems.

Mini-hydropowergeneration Developmentoflow-headhydropowergenerationinreservoirs,

eg.ParakramaSamudraya,Rajanganaya,Lunugamwehera,Ratkindaetc

table: 2.4.3Investment opportunities for the private sector

2. rehabilitation and Modernization of Irrigation InfrastructuresInordertoincreasethewateruseefficiencyandtoensuretheeffectivenessofwaterusage,rehabilitationandupgradingofheadworksandwaterconveyancesystemswillbeexpeditedtoachievebetterefficiencyandtoreducewaterlosses.Oftheavailablemajordams(80),32arebeingrehabilitatedundertheDamSafetyandWaterResourcesManagementProject.Rehabilitationandmodernizationoftheremaining48dams,willbedoneby2020.

Therehabilitationofcanals,whichincludes(a)cleaningandde-silting(b)lining(c)installationofmoderngauging/meteorologicalinformationequipment,willbeundertakenwiththeparticipationoffarmercommunities.Waterconveyancecanalswillbeequippedwithmoderngaugingequipmenttomeasureandupdatewaterusageandtheflowlevel.Allmaincanalsandselectedbranchcanalswillbelinedwithoutaffectingthegroundwatertable.

Thiswillalsoleadtominimizingwaterrelatedrisks(damfailure)andgiveguaranteedearlywarningsonsuddenthreats;floods,riseinwaterlevel,etc.Thisworkisexpectedtobecompletedin6yearsfrom2011.Theoperationandmanagementexpensesofheadworksandwaterconveyancesystemsarefinancedbythegovernmentandtheprivatesector.Private-publicpartnershipswillalsobeencouragedinareaswherethereishighreturnoninvestment.Forminorschemes,farmerswillmakeameaningfulcontribution

intheformoflabour,withthemajorproportionofthefinancesbeingprovidedbythegovernmentorotheragenciessuchasNGOsandtheprivatesector.

3. Watershed ManagementToensuetheintegrityofecosystemsthroughgoodwaterresourcesmanagement,itisessentialtomaintainthesustainabilityofwaterresourcesaswellasitsdevelopment.Deforestation,agriculturalandaquacultureactivitiesandun-plannedconstructionhavebeenthemainreasonsforthedegradationofwatersheds.Underthewatershedmanagement,conservationandprotectionofecosystemswillbegivenpriorityandcarriedoutwiththeparticipationofrelevantlineagencies.Greenenvironmentalfriendlyecosystemswillbeestablishedineachbasin/cascadetoprotectwaterresourcesonasustainablebasis.

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4. Institutional reformsTheimportanceofasingleinstitutionalbodywillbeemphasizedwithagivenmandateforthedevelopmentandmanagementofsurfaceandgroundwaterresources.

Underthenewpolicyintheirrigationsector,theexistingnationallevelagencieswhicharemandatedforanysortofactivityrelatedtoirrigationandwatermanagementwillbemergedintoasinglenationalbodywhichwillbemandatedforthedevelopmentandthemanagementofthesurfaceandgroundwaterresourcesinthecountry.Thiswillavoidduplicationandenabletheimprovementofefficiencyandeffectiveness.

5. research and DevelopmentResearchthroughmanyagenciessuchasNational,Provincial,PrivateandInternationalwillbeencouragedtoworkincollaborationwiththeruralsocietyasasupportivemechanismfortheformationofnationalpoliciesintheirrigationsector.Theseresearcheswillmainlyfocusondevelopmentandtheexploitationofsurfaceandgroundwater,maintenanceofthewaterqualityandthesupplyofwaterforsocial,economicandenvironmentalneedsonsustainablebasis.

public Investment in IrrigationThetotalinvestmentrequirementintheirrigationsectorovertheperiodfrom2010to2020isestimatedatRs.277.5bn.Ofthis,Rs.186.7bnisexpectedfromforeignsources.Theremainderwillbefinancedmainlybythegovernmentwiththesupportoftheprivatesector.

chart 2.4.1Investment in Irrigation 2011-2020

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By increasing blending and packaging of tea locally, i propose to make Sri lanka a hub for the tea trade. i will provide incentives for popularizing instant tea. in order to increase productivity, i will take steps to introduce improved cultivation strains of tea, rubber, coconut and other export crops

2.5 plantation economy

Plantationcrops,mainlytea,rubberandcoconut,aregrowninanextentof0.74millionhectaresor12percentofthecountry’slandarea.Apartfromthemajorplantationcrops,supplementaryplantationcrops,vizcashew,sugarandpalmyrahandexportagriculturalcropsalsodeservealargepotentialtoexpandfurther.

Thesectorplaysadominantroleintheeconomywhileprovidinglivelihoodandearningforeignexchange.Itprovidesemploymenttoabout1.5millionpersonsandcontributes23percenttoagriculturalproduction.About20percentofexportearningsaregeneratedbytheplantationsector.

Thepolicythrustofthegovernmentintheplantationsectoroverthenexttenyearsistoincreaseproductionandexportearningsby35and40percent,respectivelywhileincreasingproductivityandprofitabilityofbothcorporateandsmallholdingsectorsonasustainablebasis.

enhancement of productivityItisnecessarytoimprovetheproductionandproductivityoftheplantationsectorthroughanincreasedrateofreplantingaswellasnewplanting.Introductionofnewclonesandinnovationofmoderntechnologyisalsoenvisaged.

(Mahinda Chintana 2010, p 91)

Increase of the Annual rate of replanting Theproductioninplantationsectorwasmostlyaffectedanddeclinedduringthelastdecadeduetothepoorrateofreplanting.Inordertomaintainthereplantingofteaatarateof3percentperannum,seedlingteawillbereplacedwithvegetativepropagatedtea.Marginaltealandswillbeconsideredforconversiontoorganicteaproducinglandsuntilreplantingisdone.Homegardenswillbeencouragedincoconut,providingseedlingsandnecessaryextensionactivities.

Sector PresentStatus2009

AnticipatedAchievement

2010-2015 2015-2020

Tea

Rubber

Coconut

0.5%

<1%

<1%

2%

3%

2%

3%

5%

3%

table: 2.5.1Annual rate of replanting of

Major plantation crops

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Sector 2009 2015 2020

Tea(ha)

Rubber(ha)

Coconut(ha)

222,000

120,000

395,000

225,000

165,000

450,000

225,000

230,000

510,000

table: 2.5.2 expected extent of Major plantation crops

promote new planting in non-traditional AreasRubbercultivationisfurtherexpandedfromtraditionalgrowingareastonewareasparticularlytargetingtheEasternProvinceandareasinthedryzone–Moneragala,Hambantota,VavuniyaandMullaitivu.Thesoilfactorscoupledwithfavorableweatherconditionsthatprevailduringmostmonthsintheyearintheseareasareconducivetorubbercultivation.

Newplantingofcoconutwillbefurtherintensifiedbyprovidinginputs,vizseedlings,fertilizerandrequiredtechnologicalknowhow.Intheprocessofboostingtheproductionofcoconut,itisexpectedtoincreasetheextentofcoconutinnon-traditionalareas,eg.Mahaweliregionandthesettledareasinmajorirrigationschemes.

research and DevelopmentResearchanddevelopmentprogrammeswillbestrengthenedtoproduceimprovedvarietiesandnewproductsandthefindingswillbedisseminatedamonggrowers.

Thefacilitiesinnurserieswillbeincreasedtomeetthegrowingdemandforimprovedvarietiesandnewclones.Publicnurserieswillbedevelopedtocompetewithprivatesectornurserieswhiletheprivatesectorwillleadinprovidingthequalityandimprovedplantingmaterials.

Thepeopleinnontraditionalareasdonothavesufficientknowledgeofthecultivationofrubber/coconut.Hence,intheprocessofnewplanting,adaptiveresearchprogrammeswillbeconductedandknowledgetransferwillbedoneefficientlytocatertotheneedsofgrowers.Thetea,rubberandcoconutfactoriesaremodernizedwiththeaccreditationofinternationallyacceptedstandards;ISO,GMPandHACCP.

IntercroppingAnnualandbiennialfruitcropssuchasPassionFruit,PlantainandPineapplewillbeintercroppedatearlystagesofrubberandcoconutplantationstoincreaselandproductivity.

Value Addition and Brand promotionSriLankawillbeapioneerforCeylonbrandedvalueaddedproductsintheworldmarket.Inthisregard,asystemwillbeestablishedforpluralisticextensioninwhichpara-extensionaides,privateadvisorypersonnel,andprivatesectorextensionagenciesareactivelyinvolvedinwideningthescopeanddisseminationoftechnologytoprovideaneffectiveandefficientservicetogrowersregardingvalueaddition.

Ofthetotalteaproduction,only42percentismarketedatpresentinvalueaddedform.Thevalueadditiontoteaisexpectedtoincreaseto75percentby2020.Brandpromotionwillalsobestrengthenedtoremainintheglobalmarketcompetitivelywhilegettingahigherpricefortea.

Development of supplementary plantation cropsThissectorhasanemergingpotentialtoharnessbenefitsthroughtheimprovementoflivelihoodsofpeople.ItisexpectedtorevitalizetheproductionofthesecropsunderthenewvisionofMahindaChinthanayaovertheperiodofnexttenyears.

sugar Inthesugarsector,relativelylowyields,lowsugarrecoveryrateandtheabsenceofrequiredfactorycapacityhaveresultedinlowproductionwhichleadstoonlyeightpercentofthetotalrequirementismetdomesticproduction.Thedomesticsugarproductionwillbeincreasedto40percentby2020tocutdownthecostofimportwhichwasaroundUS$248millionin2009.Thesugarrecoveryrateandaveragecaneyieldwillalsobeincreasedto20percentand40percentrespectivelybyestablishingimprovedvarieties,bettermanagementpracticesandmoderntechnology.

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table: 2.5.3Key Indicators of sugar production

Description 2009 2015 2020

Totalextent(ha) 7,400 15,000 30,000

Percentageofdomesticsugarproduction(%)

8 35 40

Annualproductionofsugarmt

1200 1600 2300

Productivity(mt/ha) 56 70 100

Thenewplantingextentofsugarcanewillbeincreasedby30,000haunderirrigationwaterarrangementsinKantalaiandHigurana.Continuouseffortswillbemadetorevitalizethesugarindustrybyrefurbishmentandmodernizationofexistingfactoriesandadditionofnewfactories.

cashew

table: 2.5.4 Key Indicators of cashew production

Description 2009 2015 2020

Totalextent(ha) 41,000 60,000 90,000

Annualproduction(mt) 8,600 15,000 28,500

Productivity(kg/ha) 350 500 750

Modernizedprocessing

units(No.)- 15 25

Cashewhasagreatpotentialtodevelopasacashcropanditisplannedtoincreasetheextentonasustainablebasisto80,000ha.Thecashewextentwillbeincreasedby30,000hathroughnewplantingintheNorthandEast.Thecashewproductivitywillalsobeincreasedfrom350kg/hato750kg/habyprovidingnecessaryfacilitiesandrequiredinputs.CottagelevelcashewprocessingunitswillbepromotedandestablishedwithISOstandardsaimedatexportandnichemarkets.

palmyrahInthedevelopmentprocessofthecultivationofpalmyrah,thecommunitywillbeorganizedthroughawarenessprogrammestomakeitawareofthevalueofpalmyrah.Theextentofpalmyrahwillbeincreasedby20,000hathroughnewplantinginNorthandEast.Promotionofprivatenurseriesandenhancementofpalmyrahbasedproductswillbepromotedjointlywiththeprivatesector.

spices – export Agricultural crops SriLankawasapioneerexporterofnaturalspicestotheworldmarketandwillcontinuetomaintainitscenturyoldreputationforspicesininternationalmarkets.

Accordingtothepolicyinagriculture,theextentofexportagriculturalcropswillbedoubledby2020givinganadditionalboosttotheexportagriculturalsector.Mostspiceswillbeexportedinvalueaddedformratherthanasprimaryproductswhichwillplacethecountry’sspicesatahigherposition.Researchanddevelopmentinthisregardwillalsobegivenheavyemphasisoverthenextdecade.

chart: 2.5.1Investment 2011-2020

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ExportAgriculturalcrops Production(mt) Target(mt)

2005 2009 2015 2020

Cocoa 900 1,752 3,250 5,500

Cinnamon 14,450 14,599 19,500 25,000

Pepper 14,270 25,302 34,000 43,000

Cloves 6,080 3,789 5,000 6,500

Cardamoms 80 479 650 820

NutmegandMace 1,860 4,702 6,300 8,000

table: 2.5.5production and production targets of export Agricultural crops

Activity outcome Matrix: Development of plantation sector

Policythrust Strategies/Activities Indicator PresentStatus2009

AnticipatedAchievement

2015 2020

Enhancementofproductivityoftea,rubberandcoconut

n Increasetheannualrateofreplantingtoahealthylevel

n Promotenewplantinginnon-traditionalareas

n Introducenewclonesandimprovedvarietiestoincreaseannualproduction

n Introducemoderntechnologythroughstrongresearchbodiestoincreaseproductivity

Annualrateofreplanting

Tea-0.5%Rubber-<1%Coconut-<1%

Tea-2%Rubber-3%Coconut-2%

Tea-3%Rubber-5%Coconut-3%

Cumulativeresultofthenewlyaddedextent

Presentextent:Tea-222,000haRubber-120,000haCoconut-395,000ha

Tea-3000haRubber-45,000haCoconut-55,000ha

Tea-8,000haRubber-110,000haCoconut-115,000ha

Annualproduction Tea-290mn.kgRubber-137mn.kg.Coconut-2762mn.nuts.

Tea-320mn.kgRubber-160mn.kg.Coconut-3600mn.nuts

Tea-330mn.kgRubber-190mn.kg.Coconut-4200mn.nuts

Productivity Tea-1400kg/haRubber-1300kg/haCoconut-7600nuts/ha

Tea-1500kg/haRubber-1500kg/haCoconut9000nuts/ha

Tea-1600kg/haRubber-1600kg/haCoconut-10000nuts/ha

Promotionofvalueadditionoftea,rubberandcoconut

n Promotebrandtoremainintheglobalmarketcompetitivelyintea

n StrengthenResearchanddevelopmentprogrammes

n Refurbishandmodernizefactorieswithmoderntechnology

Percentageofexportsofvalueaddedtea

38% 55% 75%

Importsofcoconutoil

800mt 400mt Noimports

Importsofnaturalrubbersheets

2,800mt 1000mt Noimports

Developmentofphysical/socialinfrastructureofestateworkers

n Constructindividualhousesforestateworkers

n Accelerateprogrammesbyintegratinghealthandeducationservices

Numberofhouses - 25,000 50,000

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Policythrust Strategies/Activities Indicator Presentstatus2009

AnticipatedAchievement

2015 2020

EnhancementofSugarproductivity

n Increaseextentofnewplanting

n Developmanagementpracticesandmodernizationoftechnology

n Establishingimprovedvarietiestoincreasecaneyield

n Refurbishingandmodernizingoffactoriesandaugmentationofnewfactories

Totalextent 7,400ha 15,000ha 20,000ha

Percentageofdomesticsugarproduction

8% 25% 40%

Annualproductionofsugar

1200mt 1600mt 2240mt

Productivity 56mt/ha 70mt/ha 100mt/ha

Enhancementofproductivityandvalueadditionofcashew

n Increasenewplanting

n Strengthenresearchanddevelopmentprogrammestoproduceimprovedvarieties

n PromotecashewprocessingunitstoachieveISOstandards

Annualproduction 8500mt 11500mt 15600mt

Productivity 350kg/ha 500kg/ha 750kg/ha

Numberofmodernizedprocessingunits

- 15 25

Enhancementofproductivityofpalmyrah

n Increasenewplanting

n Establishtheprivatenurseriesthroughcommunityparticipation

Totalextent 11mn.trees 15mn.trees 20mn.trees

No.ofnewnurseries

- 5 10

3. EntErprisEs with strEngth to conquer the world

ElectricityforEverybody,Everyday

Well-EstablishedTelecommunicationFacilities

User-FriendlyModernizedPostalSector

WaterServicesPerspective

IndustrySector:TowardsGlobalCompetitiveness

State-OwnedEnterprisestoBecomeStrategic

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Electricityisanessentialrequirementforrapideconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthecountry.Atpresent,88percentoftotalhouseholdsinthecountryhaveelectricity.Thenationalgridprovideselectricityto84percentofthetotalhouseholdsandtheremainderofthehouseholdsisservedbyoffgridfacilities.

3.1 Electricity for Everybody, Everyday

Category 2005 2010 2012 2016 2020

ElectrificationCoverage(%)

75 88 100 100 100

BaseDemand(MW)

1768 2517 2921 3943 5306

InstalledCapacity(MW)

2409 2891 3470 4732 6367

SystemLosses(%)

16.7 14.5 14 13 12

table 3.1.1 trends in the Electricity sector

policy DirectionDiversificationofenergyresourcesusedinthecountrywillbeencouragedandthefutureenergymixwillberationalizedtominimizefuelfiredpowergeneration.Managementandoperationofenergysupplysystemsofthecountrywillbemadeensuringefficientutilizationandconservationofenergy.

the thermal power plants including coal-fired ones, and the hydro power plants will be constructed expeditiously according to the generation plans of the ceylon electricity Board, while taking into consideration the social problems and environmental implications.

(Mahinda chintana 2005, p 62)

i will take the necessary steps to provide 100 percent of households with continuous electricity by the end of 2012 and steps will be taken to meet the increasing electricity demand until year 2020 by constructing all necessary power stations on the basis of minimum cost generating plans.

(Mahinda chintana 2010, p 44 & 45)

Demand ForecastThecurrentplanforthedevelopmentoftheelectricitysectorhasbeendesignedtoprovidetheentirecommunitywithahighqualityanduninterruptedsupplyofelectricityby2012.

Theelectricitysectordevelopmentwillbefocusedonthesustainabledevelopmentofenergyresources,conversionfacilitiesanddeliverysystemstoimprovetheaccessibilitytotheenergyservicesandensurethedeliveryofsuchservicesataregionallycompetitiveprice.

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strategies

Chart 3.1.1 growth of Base Demand and installed Capacity

Electricity generationInviewofthegrowingdemandforelectricity,ithasbeenplannedtoincreasetheelectricitygenerationsufficiently.Accordingly,thecapacityofelectricitygenerationwillbeincreasedto3470MWin2012and6367MWin2020.Atpresent,theelectricitygenerationinSriLankaismainlydependentoncrudeoilandabout60percentoftheelectricityrequirementisgeneratedusingthermalpower.Duetothisfact,thecostoftheelectricitygenerationhasrisenovertheyears.Settingupofcoalfiredpowerplantsandhydropowerplantstopromotelowcostelectricitywillbeencouragedinthebidtoavertthisadversesituation.Inordertorealizethispurpose,hydropowerprojectsof35MWatBroadlands,120MWatUmaOya,27MWatMoragollaand49MWatGinGangawillbeimplemented.Theexistinghydropowerplantswillalsoberehabilitatedtostabilizetheircapacityof1115MW.Pumpstoragehydropowerplantswillbesetuptostandbyasasupportivesourceofelectricity,whichwillbeutilizedduringpeakhours.

Chart 3.1.2 Composition of Future Energy Mix

WiththeconstructionofUpperKotmalehydropowerplant,150MWwillbeaddedtothenationalgridbyJune2011.

Theconstructionof300MWcoalpowerplantatPuttalamisexpectedtobecompletedin2010andaddtothenationalgrid.TheconstructionofsecondstageofPuttalamcoalpowerplantgenerating600MWisexpectedtobecompletedbyendof2012.Acoalfiredpowerplantwith500MWcapacityatTrincomaleeisexpectedtobecompletedby2014.

Pump Storage Hydro Power Plant

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Electricity transmissionParalleltothedevelopmentofelectricitygeneration,theexistingtransmissionsystemwillbeimprovedsoastoprovidetheconsumerswithaquality,reliableanduninterruptedpowersupply.Thistransmissiondevelopmentprogrammeconsistsoftheexpansionoftransmissionlines,augmentationofgridsubstationsandothertransmissionfacilities.Thetransmissionsystemwillbeupgradedtofacilitatetheabsorptionoftheelectricitygeneratedbymeansofrenewableenergysourcestothenationalgrid.

Forthedevelopmentofthetransmissionsystem,atotalinvestmentofRs146,473mnisexpectedtobemadeduringtheperiodbetween2011and2020.

ThehighcostoilfiredoperationtechnologyinthermalpowerplantswillbereplacedwithlowcostLNGtechnology.Inaddition,newLNGpowerplantswillbeestablished.

Afeasibilitystudyexaminingthepossibilityofestablishingthenuclearpowerplantsinthecountrywillbecarriedout.

Thenewtransmissionfacilitieswillbeestablishedtoabsorbthepowerwhichwillbegeneratedbythenewpowerplants.Ahighvoltagetransmissionlineof400MWcapacitybetweenIndiaandSriLankaistobeerectedforthepurposeofexchangingelectricity.

Chart 3.1.3 investment on Electricity Development

AnewsystemcontrolcentreatSriJayewardenepurawillbeestablishedtoensureefficientrealtimenetworkoperation.

Electricity DistributionAllhouseholdsinthecountrywillbeprovidedwithelectricitythroughanacceleratedelectricitydistributionsystembytheendof2012.Relevantstepswillalsobetakentodevelopandimprovethemediumandlowvoltagenetworkinordertoprovideaquality,reliableanduninterruptedpowersupply.

Fortheconvenienceofconsumers,anewelectricityconnectionwillbeprovidedwithin24hoursuponrequest.TheexistingdistributionnetworkinUrbanCouncilareaswillbereplacedwithanundergroundsystemthatensuresmoreprotectiontoboththesystemitselfandtheenvironment.

system LossesThesystemlosseswillbereducedto13percentby2016andto12percentby2020.Forthispurpose,electricitynetworkstudieswillbeconducted.Commerciallosseswillbereducedbyimprovingmeteringefficiencywithanimproved

Upper Kotmale Hydro Power Plant

Introduction of low cost LNG technology

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renewable Energy DevelopmentBy2020,about20percentofelectricitysupplyisexpectedtobegeneratedbytherenewableenergy.Forthispurpose,sufficientinvestmentwillbemadeondevelopmentofrenewableenergysectorwithwind,dendro,solarandminihydropowerplants.

managementsystem.Technicallosseswillbeminimizedbyidentifyingsectionsofthenetworkwherelossesarehigh,andimprovingsuchcablesandtransformersandreorganizingsupplyarrangements.

Solarpowerparksaretobeestablishedandstepswillalsobetakentoestablishwindpowerparksforthepurposeofgeneratingrenewableenergy.

Chart 3.1.4 the share of renewable Energy

on grid StateoftheartsolarhomesystemsincorporatinghighefficiencyLEDlightsourceswithreducedsystemcostswillbedeployedtoservehouseholdswhicharenotservedthroughthenationalgrid.

Energy ConservationWiththelong-termobjectiveofreducing8.7percentofenergyconsumptionbytheyear2020,underthepowerconservationandmanagementprogramme,energyconservationactivitieswillbeimplementedathouseholdaswellasindustrialandcommercialconsumerlevels.

Forthepromotionofenergysaving,useofenergyefficientbulbs,labelingelectricalappliancesandapplicationofenergysavingdesignsinbuildingconstructionwillbeencouraged.Allnewconstructionwillbeundertakenensuringenergyefficiency.

Acomprehensivemechanismtodeliverenergyefficiencyserviceswillbedevelopedtocurtailenergywasteinindustrialandcommercialsectors.Throughthismechanism,allmajorenergyconsumerswilldesignateanenergymanagerfortheefficientoperationofprocessesandbuildings.ElectricityusagewillbereducedthroughtheinstallationofLEDlighting,solarandwindpowersystemsinplaceoftheexistingstreetlights.Electrificationofrailtransportationwillbepursued,withtheintentionofgainingindependencefromthetotaldependencyofthesectoronliquidfossilfuels.

Solar Power Generation Plant

Wind Power Generation System

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table 3.1.2 investment plan - Electricity sector (2011-2020) - rs. mn.

Category 2011 2012-2013 2014-2020 2011-2020

Generation

Foreign 40,066 104,690 300,000 444,756

Domestic 7,650 28,099 176,000 211,749

Total 47,716 132,789 476,000 656,505

Transmission

Foreign 8,020 13,197 22,000 43,217

Domestic 11,213 20,043 72,000 103,256

Total 19,233 33,240 94,000 146,473

Distribution

Foreign 8,141 17,075 21,397 46,613

Domestic 4,288 7,324 32,000 43,612

Total 12,429 24,399 53,397 90,225

EnergyConservation

Foreign 1,827 2,952 13,603 18,382

Domestic 456 1,214 20,000 21,670

Total 2,283 4,166 33,603 40,052

GrandTotal 81,661 194,594 657,000 933,255

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Activity/Outcome Matrix

SectorPriorities Strategy Indicator Target2012 Target2016 Target2020

ElectricityGenerationDevelopment

n Settingupofcoalfiredpowerplantsandhydropowerplants.

n ThehighcostoilfiredoperationtechnologyinthermalpowerplantswillbereplacedwithlowcostLNGtechnology.

n NewLNGpowerplantstobeestablished.

n Theexistinghydropowerplantswillberehabilitatedtostabilizetheircapacity.

n Afeasibilitystudyexaminingthepossibilityofestablishingthenuclearpowerplantswillbecarriedout.

Capacityoftheentiresystem

3470MW 4732MW 6367MW

ElectricityTransmissionDevelopment

n Thenewtransmissionfacilitieswillbeestablishedtoevacuatethepowerwhichwillbegeneratedbythenewpowerplants.

n Existingtransmissionlineswillbeexpandedandgridsubstationswillbeaugmented.

n Thetransmissionsystemwillbeupgradedtofacilitatetheabsorptionoftheelectricitygeneratedbymeansofrenewableenergysourcestothenationalgrid.

Compliancewithreliabilityindicesandstatutorylimitsonqualityofsupply

Essentialreliabilitylevelwillbeestablished

Endeavourtoreachinternationalnormsofreliabilityandsupplyquality

Endeavourtoreachinternationalnormsofreliabilityandsupplyquality

ElectricityDistributionDevelopment

n Distributionnetworkwillbedevelopedtoprovideelectricitytoallbytheendof2012.

n Theexitingdistributionnetworkinurbancouncilareaswillbereplacedwithanundergroundsystem.

n Mediumandlowvoltagenetworkwillbedeveloped.

Accesstoelectricity

100% 100% 100%

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SectorPriorities Strategy Indicator Target2012 Target2016 Target2020

ReductionofSystemLosses

n Electricitynetworkstudieswillbeconducted.

n Commerciallosseswillbereducedbyimprovingmeteringefficiencywithimprovedmanagementsystem.

n Technicallosseswillbeminimizedbyidentifyingsectionsofthenetworkwherelossesarehigh,andimprovingsuchcablesandtransformersandreorganizingsupplyarrangements.

Totalsystemloss

14%ofnetgeneration

13%ofnetgeneration

12%ofnetgeneration

RenewableEnergyDevelopment

n Sufficientinvestmentwillbemadeondevelopmentofrenewableenergysectorwithwind,dendro,solarandminihydropowerplants.

ShareofRenewableenergyongrid

8.5% 10% 20%

EnergyConservation

n Useofenergyefficientbulbs,labelingelectricalappliancesandapplicationofenergysavingdesignsinbuildingconstructionwillbeencouraged.

n Allnewconstructionswillbeundertakenensuringtheenergyefficiency.

n Acomprehensivemechanismtodeliverenergyefficiencyserviceswillbedevelopedtocurtailenergywasteinindustrialandcommercialsectors.

n LEDlighting,solarandwindpowersystemswillbeintroducedinplaceoftheexistingstreetlights.

Energysavingpotentialtotheactualconsumption

4.3% 6.4% 8.7%

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3.2 well Established telecommunications Facilities

SriLanka’stelecomsectorhasshownasignificantexpansion.Atpresent,ninefixedandmobileoperatorsandabout40othercompaniesareinvolvedinavarietyoftelecommunicationservicesaroundthecountry.Thesecompanieshaverecordedagrowthof40-60percentoverthelastfewyears.

By2020,SriLankanswillbeempoweredwithworld-classtelecominfrastructure,tomakeavailableitsserviceswhenandwhereneeded.

Thegovernmentwilltakerelevantstepstoencouragepublicandprivatesectorinvestmentstoenhancetelecominfrastructure.Itisalsoexpectedtoexpandthecapabilityofusersforquickadaptationtodigitaltechnology,createpartnershipswiththeprivatesectortoimproveinformationandknowledgesharing,

upgradethetelecommunicationsservicestomeettheexpectationsandrequirementsofgovernment,businesscommunities,internationalcommunitiesandgeneralpublicandminimizetheregionaldisparityoftelecommunicationfacilities.Thetelecommunicationssectorwillleadtofacilitateindustrieswhichusemoderntechniquesoftelecommunication.

the young generation of Sri lanka needs to be broadly empowered with modern information and communication technology. the future market for employment will depend entirely on these skills. For these reasons, our youth will be given more opportunities to improve their knowledge in these areas and information and communication technology will be introduced for accessing all services in the country.

(Mahinda chinthana 2010, p 45)

Largerinvestmentswillgofortheimprovementofinfrastructurefacilitiestoenhancethecoverageonallfixedandmobilenetworksandtoincreasetheefficientuseofcapacity.

Ensure Quick Access to informationDevelopingthecapabilityofusersforquickadaptationtodigitaltechnologywillassistthemtograspnewtechnologicalinnovations,thusempoweringtheuserswithmoderntechnologies.

Measureswillbetakentoestablishamechanismtocoordinateandintegrategovernmentinformationtechnologyandtelecommunicationsforthebenefitofpublicandprivatesectors.Itwillberealizedthroughthelaunchingof“GovernmentNet,”whichwillbeworkingthroughoutthedaytoensureimprovedaccesstogovernmentinformationanddecisions.Byconductingawarenessprogrammesandestablishinganonlineservicecentreworkingthroughouttheday,itwillrealizetheaforesaidpolicyandthestrategy.

Communication Satellites

Chart 3.2.1 increase of investment in telecommunication industry

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Strengthen the private sector partnerships to improve information and knowledge sharing

Category 2010 2015 2020

Fixedaccessservices(mn) 3.5 6 10

Cellularmobilesubscribers(mn)

16 18 20

Publicpayphones(‘000) 7 12 15

Internetande-mail(mn) 0.4 5 10

Telephonedensity(%)(Mobileandfixed)

93 95 98

table 3.2.1 Expected targets for thenext ten Years

TheprivatesectorisencouragedtosetupInformationandCommunicationTechnologyinstitutesforlocalandforeignstudentstoproduceskillsrequiredbytheindustry.Intermsofresearchanddevelopmentprogrammes,itisexpectedtointroducebestpracticemodelsanddemonstrationsoftheapplicationoftechnologiestostakeholdersinthetelecommunicationsindustry.

EstablishmentofworldrenownedcommunicationandinformationtechnologyfacultiesandproductionofinternationallyreputedITspecialistswillberealizedthroughappropriatestrategies.

BusinessProcessOutsourcing(BPO)andKnowledgeProcessOutsourcing(KPO)industrieswillbeencouragedtoensureefficientservicedelivery.

Upgrade thetelecommunication servicesUpgradethetelecommunicationsservicestomeettheexpectationsandrequirementsofgovernment,businesscommunities,internationalcommunitiesandgeneralpublic.

ThedevelopmentofspacetechnologyinSriLankawillbeasalientfeatureofthetelecommunicationssectorofthecountry.Inlinewiththis,communicationsatelliteswillbelaunchedinselectedareas.Itwillleadtotheutilizationofsatellitecommunicationfortransmissionfacilitiesinthetelecommunicationssector.Also,theutilizationofsatellitephoneswillbecomemorepopularwiththegeneralpublic.Encouragingutilizationofsatellitephonesandlaunchingtelecommunicationssatellitesinselectedareaswillensurethesaidpolicyandthestrategy.

Further,specialprojectsforPSTNnetworkexpansion,CDMAnetworkexpansion,ADSLnetworkexpansionandMPSLnetworkexpansionwillalsobecarriedout.

Necessarystepswillbetakentointroducethetowersharingmethodologyintelecommunicationspreventingtheproliferationoftowers.

Chart 3.2.2 growth of Employment Opportunities in telecommunication sector

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Minimizing the regional Disparity of telecommunication FacilitiesConductingawarenessprogrammestopromotetheuseofe-mail,broadbandinternet,satelliteTVandInternationalDirectDialingbythegeneralpublicwill

helptoachievetheobjective.

Relevantmeasureswillbetakentofurtherimprovethetelecommunicationsinfrastructure,creatingaconduciveenvironmentforinvestment.Thiswillbeaccomplishedalongwiththeestablishmentofdedicatedtelecommunicationszones.MostofthehouseholdswillhaveTVfacilitiesthroughtheIPTV(InternetProtocolTelevision)technologyorsatellitecommunication.

IPTVtechnologywilldeliverdigitalTV,moviesondemand,viewingthestoredprogrammesandpersonalizedprogrammeguides.Introductionofdigitaltechnologyfortelevisionbroadcastingwillbecommencedinnearfutureandfinalizedin2015.

Broadbandtechnologywillbewidelypopularizedamongpeople.Thismakesforeasyaccesstotelemedicine,teleworking,distancelearning,informationgathering,e-government,e-commerceandentertainment.Appropriateactionwillbetakentoexpandbroadbandtechnologyandfacilitiesthroughoutthecountry.

Facilitate industries which use Modern techniques of telecommunicationFacilitateindustrieswhichusemoderntechniquesoftelecommunicationandpromotetheuseofdigitaltechnologybyeachandeverysector.

Telecommunicationserviceparksanddedicatedeconomiczoneswillbeestablishedinmajorcitiesinordertoexpandtheprovisionofservices.

IPTV Technology

Digitization of Televisions

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Byintroducingbestpracticemodels,demonstratingtheapplicationoftechnologiestostakeholdersandarrangingworkshopswithpolicymakers,regulators,operatorsandtheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,theabovementionedpolicyandstrategywillbeimplemented.

Necessarymeasureswillbetakenforstrengtheningtherulesandregulationstoensurecybersecurity.Inrelationtothis,anetworkwillbeestablishedincollaborationwiththerelevantagencies,toassureonlineprotectionofchildrenandyoungpersonswhousecyberspace.

table 3.2.2 summary of sector strategies and Activities

Policy Strategy Activities Timeline

Enhancethecapabilityoftheuserandensurethequickaccesstoinformation

Launch“GovernmentNet” n Conductawarenessprogrammesn Establishanonlineservicecentreworking

throughouttheday

2011-2014

Strengthentheprivatesectorpartnershipstoimproveinformationandknowledgesharing

Encourageprivatesectortosetupinformationandcommunicationtechnologyinstitutes

n Establishworldrenownedcommunicationandinformationtechnologyfaculties

n ProductionofinternationallyreputedITspecialists

2012-2016

Upgradethetelecommunicationsservices

Developmentofspacetechnology

n LaunchTelecommunicationsatellitesinselectedareas

n Encourageutilizationofsatellitephones

2011-2020

Minimizetheregionaldisparityoftelecommunicationfacilities

Improveaccesstotelecommunicationfacilities

n IntroductionofIPTVtechnologyn Improvementofinfrastructurefacilitiestoenhance

coveragen Conductcapacitybuildingprogrammesn ExpandBroadbandtechnologyandfacilities

2011-2014

Facilitateindustrieswhichusemoderntechniquesoftelecommunication

Establishdedicatedeconomiczonesandtelecommunicationsserviceparks

n Introducebestpracticemodelsanddemonstrationsoftheapplicationoftechnologiestostakeholders

n Arrangeworkshopswithpolicymakers,regulators,operatorsandwiththeInternationalTelecommunicationsUnion

n Ensurecybersecuritythroughstrengthenedrulesandregulations

2011-2020

A Telecommunications satellite

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TheSriLankanpostalserviceneedsmodernizationtomatchwithglobaltrends.TheGovernmenthastheprimeresponsibilityofdevelopingthepostalsectorasthedrivingforceofcommunicationstoservepeopleineverycornerofSriLankaatanaffordableprice.

Chart 3.3.1 introduction of Modern technology to the post shops

3.3 User Friendly Modernized postal sector

Ensure a Better Quality serviceAbetterqualityservicewithamixtureofbusinessactivitiesandserviceobligationswillbeintroducedandstepswillbetakentointroducethe“PostShopConcept”.Suchpostshopsshouldbeequippedwithautomatedstructuresandenrichedwithallthefacilitiesavailableinthe“onestopshop”likeinternet,e-mail,fax,graphicaldesignfacilitiesandstationery.

reduce Operational Deficit and Ensure Quick service provisionReducingtheoperationaldeficitbyensuringincreasedrevenueandstrictexpendituremanagementisnecessarytorevitalizepostalservice.Inarapidlychangingcommunicationsenvironmentthepostalsectorisachallengingone.Tosurviveinthischallengingenvironment,thepostalsectoritselfshouldcutdownitsunnecessaryexpenditure.

Toreachtheaforesaidpolicy,itisnecessarytodevelopselectedsubpostofficesascourierservicecentres,establishmainpostshopsineverydistrictandcreatelinkswiththebusinesscommunitiestostimulatethepostalsectorcommercializationprocess.

Diversify the service provisionDeviatefromoverdependenceoncorebusinessactivitiestomorediversifiedoneslikefinancialandbankingactivities.Conversionofhomogeneousservicestoheterogeneousserviceswilldiversifythepostalservice.

Eachandeverycustomerwillbeexpectedtoopenapostalaccountattherelevantpostshop.Thispostalaccountwillbeusedfortransactionslikebillpaymentsandmoneytransfers(e.g.theWesternUnionmoneytransfer).

Absorbaround7,000existingpostmenasserviceproviderstothecustomersespeciallyinruralareas.Theywillbeengagedinactivitiessuchasbillsettlement,mobilereloadandtaxcollection.

Suitablemeasureswillalsobetakentointroducee-gramsinsteadoftelegrams.

A modern looking Post Office

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Expand the postal MarketExpandthepostalmarketandintroductionofnewservices.Creationoflinkswithinternationalagenciesandprivatelyownedagencieswillexpandthepostalsector.

Theabovepolicywillberealizedwiththefollowingstrategies:

AninternationalcourierservicewillbeestablishedforthebenefitofSriLankanDiaspora. Create a Conducive working

Environment

Necessarystepswillbetakentocreateaconduciveworkingenvironmentforprivatelyownedagencypostshops.Accordingly,licensewillbeissuedandlegitimaterightswillbeprovidedtothemtoworkfreely.Astrongrelationshipwillbecreatedbetweeninternationalcourierserviceprovidersandprivatelyownedpostshops.

Measureswillbetakentoestablishmainpostshopsineverydistricttoperforminanattractiveenvironment.

AutomaticTellerMachinefacilitieswillbeestablishedatpostshopsandcreditanddebitcardswillbeissued.

Chart 3.3.2 Expansion of the postal Market

summary of sector strategies and Activities

Policy Strategy Activities

Ensureabetterqualityservice

Introductionof“PostShopConcept”

n Establishmentof“onestopshop”withallfacilitiesn Implementhumanresourcedevelopmentprogrammes

Reduceoperationaldeficitandensurequickserviceprovision

Establishmentofcourierservicecenters

n Developmentofselectedsubpostofficesascourierservicecenters

n Establishmentofmainpostshopsineverydistrictn Createlinkswiththebusinesscommunitiestostimulatethe

postalsectorcommercializationprocess

Diversifytheserviceprovision

Disseminatemoderntechnologiesapplicabletopostalservice

n Introducee-gramsn Encouragecustomerstoopenapostalaccountn EstablishAutomaticTellerMachinesinselectedpostshops

Expandthepostalmarket Establishaninternationalcourierserviceandenhancepublicprivatepartnership

n EstablishastrongarelationshipwithUniversalPostalUnionn Promotenecessarystructuralchangestotie-upSriLankaposts

withprivatesectoroncontract,partnershiporjointventurebasis

ByestablishingastrongrelationshipwiththeUniversalPostalUnionandpromotingnecessarystructuralchangestotie-upSriLankaPostswithprivatesectoroncontract,partnershiporjointventurebasisitispossibletoaccomplishtheaboveobjective.

Theregulatoryframeworkwillbestrengthenedtoregularizetheentranceoflocalcourierserviceprovidersandmailoperatorsintothemarket.

Inside of a fully automated post shop

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water supplies will beaugmented so as to fulfill the drinking water requirement of the nation

(Mahinda chintana 2010, p 42)

3.4 water services perspective

Accesstowatersupplyandsanitationisapre-requisiteforachievingthedesiredeconomicsuccessesofthecountry.Onthewaytoachievingthegoalofanemergingeconomystatus,arapidgrowthandexpansionofeconomicactivitiesbothinurbanandruralareasareexpected.Availabilityofsustainableandefficientwatersupplyandsanitationservicesespeciallyintownshipsofdifferentlevelsisvitaltokeepupthepaceofdevelopmentinastrategicallydriveneconomicenvironmentinthecountry.AccesstosafedrinkingwatersupplyandsanitationisalsooneoftheindicatorsintheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals.

OverallTarget:Toprovideaccesstosafedrinkingwaterforallcitizensoverthemediumterm.

table 3.4.1 safe water and sewerage Coverage

Year 2005 2009 2015 2020*Safewatercoverage(%)

80 85 94 100

Pipebornewateravailability(%)

29 37 44 60

WaterConnections(NWSDBschemes)(000)

907 1,267 1,600 3,000

Pipeborneseweragecoverage(%)

2.0 2.5 3 7.0

Source:AnnualReport2009,MinistryofFinanceandPlanning*Projections

Chart 3.4.1 towards the Best Mix of water service Modes

Amorethantwo-foldincreaseinpercapitaincomewillcreateademandforimprovedwatersupplyservicesintermsofquantity,qualityandreliability.Continuedinvestmentwillensure100percentaccesstosafewater.Meanwhile,therewillbeanewdemandforindustrialwaterwhichwillbetackledthroughtherecyclingofwastewaterandrainwater.

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strategic Approach

Watersupplyandsewerageservicesisland-widewillbestreamlinedinawell-plannedthree-prongedstrategicframework.

1. Long term water supply and sewerage service needs in Large CitiesTheemergingmetrocentressuchasKandy,Hambantota,Trincomalee,Dambulla,Jaffna,Galle,Gampaha,KurunegalaandNuwaraEliyaaswellaslargetownshipssuchasVavuniya,Badulla,Matara,AnuradhapuaraandRatnapurawillattractasubstantialportionofthepopulationandincreaseeconomicactivitiesinthecomingyears.Watersupplyandseweragerelatedinfrastructureassetswillbecreatedtocatertothelong-termandgrowingdemandsinthesecitiesthroughschemeswitheconomiesofscale.

Apartofnon-domesticwaterrequirementinthesecitieswillbemetbytherecyclingofdomesticwastewater.By2020,allthesecitieswillalsohavecentralizedseweragesystems,whichinturnwillensureenvironmentalsustainability.

2. needs of small townshipsInthecontextofarapidlychangingeconomiclandscapeinthecountry,theroleofmanysmalltownsipswillberevitalizedtoactaslocalservicecentrestothehinterland.Watersupplyandsanitation

servicesinthesetownswillhavetobefullyupgradedandaugmentedtoalevelthatcanbemanagedlocally.

SchemesalreadyinitiatedinthisregardincludeValachchenai,Anamaduwa,Pathadumbara,Dambadeniya,Padaviya,Thambuththegama,WarakapolaBadalkumburaandAlawwa-Polgahawela.

3. rural water supply and sanitationThemainmodeofwaterforruralareasisprotecteddugwells.However,dependingonthepopulationdensityofvillages,smallscalepipeborneschemeswillbeimplementedunderthepurviewoftherespectiveLocalAuthorities.

Theareaswithacomparativelydensepopulation,willbeprovidedon-siteseweragefacilities.

Chart 3.4.2 planned investment in the water supply and sewerage 2010-15

EFFiCiEnCY NonRevenueWater -20%Staffper1,000Connections-5CustomerComplaints -NoResponsetoRequests -100%

rELiABiLitY HoursofSupply -24hrsCityCoverage -100%

AFFOrDABiLitYPercapitaConsumptionAverageTariffProductionCost

City water supply 2020

the performance Model of a water supply

QUALitYQualityComplianceTreatmentFacilitiesBreakdownFrequency

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Full Coverage of pipe-Borne water for Cities and townships

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institutionalizing and Financing

Sustainable Safe drinking water for all at an affordable Price

TheNationalWaterSupplyandDrainageBoard(NWSDB)willbetransformedintoacommerciallyprofitableinstitutionwithapositivebalancesheet.Costeffectiveplanningtechnologiesandviablebusinessmodelswillbeadopted.

Asuitabletariffschemebasedontheprinciplesofrecoveryofthecostofservicedeliveryandthecustomer’sabilitytopaywillbedevelopedtoensurefinancialsustainability.

TheefficiencyofProvincialandLocalAuthoritieswillbeenhancedintermsofmanagerial,technicalandfinancialcapacitiesrenderedtowardslocalwatersupplyandsewerageservicedelivery.

Thecurrentpracticeofrelyingonforeignfundingtofinancewaterandsewerageinfrastructurewillbesupplementedbyinnovativefinancingstrategiestoachievethesettargets.

Vertically & horizontally

unbundled service

delivery process

Public-Private Partnerships

Mega Schemes

Appropriate

financing

mix with other

sources

Water & Sanitation Pooled Bonds

Small Town Schemes

Amultipleutilityinstitutionalstructurewillbeestablishedinanunbundledservicedeliveryprocess,whichwillleadtocreateabetterandcompetitiveperformanceculturefinallybenefitingtheconsumer.

Requiredregulatoryreformswillbeintroducedtocreateafavorableinvestmentclimatefortheprivatesectortoengageinthesupplyofindustrialwater.

Thefinancialsustainabilityofinstitutionsinvolvedindrinkingwatersupplyandseweragesectoratnational,provincial,anddivisionallevelswillbeenhancedthroughimprovingself-financingperformances.

Communityinvolvementinmanagingcommunitywatersupplyschemesisensured.

RuralwatersupplyunitsestablishedundertheregionalsupportcentresoftheNWSDBwillfacilitateproperoperationandmaintenanceofruralschemesincollaborationwithLocalAuthorities.

Assets Management CurrentleveloftotalassetsoftheNWSDBisaboutRs150billion.Thiswillfurtherincreasesubstantiallyinthecomingyearsason-goinglarge-scaleschemesarecommissioned.Inthiscontext,thestrategictargetwillbecomprehensiveassetmanagementaimedatminimizingtotalcostofacquiring,operating,maintaining,replacing,anddisposingofautility’sassets.

sustainability issues

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improving Quality of water produced Whileenhancingthecapacityofwaterproduction,increasedattentionhastobepaidonimprovingquality.Chemicalandmicrobiologicalcontaminationofwaterisreportedinsomeareas.Duetourbanizationandincreasedindustrialactivities,watersourceswillbemoresusceptibletocontamination.Therefore,whilereducingsourcesofcontamination,treatmentfacilitieswillbeimprovedtomeetthenewrequirements.

Aboutsixtyexistingwatersupplyschemes,whichhavepartialtreatmentfacilitieswillbeupgradedtoschemeswithfulltreatmentfacilitiesonprioritybasisunderthesupervisionofNWSDB.Inaddition,awell-plannedwaterqualitysurveillancesystemwillbeestablishedwithmodernequipment.

table 3.4.3water Quality surveillance Coverage

Year 2005 2010 2015 2020Surveillancecoverage

30% 37% 50% 65%

improvement of sewerage FacilitiesInthecontextofincreasedenvironmentalpollution,systematicseweragefacilitieswillbepromotedalongwiththewatersupplyasthesetwosectorsaremutuallyinclusive.HighlypopulatedandindustrializedtownsandareassuchasGalle,Hambantota,Trincomalee,Jaffna,Kandy,Kurunegala,SriJayawardanapuraKotte,Kataragamasacredcity,andKaththankuddywillbefacilitatedthroughcentralizedwastewaterpurificationsystemsonaprioritybasis.

prevention of pollution Anintegratedwaterpollutionpreventionmechanismwillbeimplemented.Apartfromtakingstepstominimizethedepletionofcatchmentareas,theexistingcatchmentareaswillbedevelopedincollaborationwiththefarmerorganizations,DepartmentofIrrigation,LocalAuthorities,theMahaweliAuthority,andtheMinistryofEnvironment.

non-revenue water reduction

Chart 3.4.3 nrw targets

NonRevenueWater(NRW)percentageofwatersupplyschemeswillbereducedtoaninternationallyacceptedlevelfromthepresentlevel.Inthiscontext,aprogrammewillbeimplementedbyNWSDBincollaborationwithLocalAuthorities.

Awaterefficiencyculturewillbeintroduced.Inthisregard,appropriatestandardsandstargradingsystemsforwaterefficiencyofinstrumentswillalsobeestablishedwiththesupervisionofNWSDB.

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research and Development in the water Management sectorResearchanddevelopmentwillbepromotedtoincreaseanddisseminateknowledge,innovativemethods,andtoolstofacilitatetheunderstandingofthecomplexwatersystem,toforecastitslong-termdynamicsandtocomparetheimpactofvariouspoliciesandmanagementapproacheswiththeinstitutionalframework.WaterResourcesBoardandNWSDBwillbefacilitatedinthisregard.

water resource Mapping and national Data Base on water Usage WaterresourcemappingofthecountryandpreparationofanationaldatabasewillbecarriedoutbytheNWSDB,WaterResourcesBoardandtheDepartmentofIrrigation.Abettercombinedlandandwaterplanningprocedurewillbeintroducedtoassurethesustainablewatersupplyforexistingandnewurbanareas.

reaching the households island wide

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Activity Output Matrix: water supply services sector

Policy Strategy Activities Period

Sustainablesafedrinkingwaterforallatanaffordableprice

n Confrontinglongtermwatersupplyandsewerageserviceneedsinlargecities

n Tacklingneedsofsmalltowns

n Enhancementofruralwatersupplyandsanitationfacilities

n ImplementationoflargescalewatersupplyschemesinlargecitiessuchasKandy,Kurunegala,Hambantota,Trincomalee,Dambulla,MataleandJaffna

n ProvisionofseweragesystemstohighlypopulatedandindustrializedcitiessuchasKandy,Galle,Negambo,Kaththankuddy,Jaffna,Hambantota,Ekala,Kurunegala,Jaela,RatmalanaandSriJayawardanapura

n ImplementationofmediumscalewatersupplyschemesinsmalltownssuchasPolgahawela,Warakapola,Kilinochchi,Ratnapura,Alawwa,Pathadumbara,Badulla,Moneragala,BadalkumburaandDankotuwa

n Constructionofsmallandruralwatersupplyschemesdependingonthepopulationdensityofthevillages

n Augmentationofexistingwatersupplyschemesinordertowidenthecapacitiesintermsofbothqualityandquantity

n Facilitationofconstructionofprotectedandtubewellsinvillages

n Promotionofrainwaterharvestingtechnologyn Constructionofcentralizedseweragesystemsin

hospitalswhichdonotpossesapipeborneseweragesystems

2011-2018

n Institutionalizingandfinancing

n Capacitydevelopmentintermsofmanagerial,technicalandfinancialagenciesinvolvedinprovidingdrinkingwatersupplyandsanitationfacilitiesincludingatnational,provincialanddivisionallevels

n Introductionofnecessaryinstitutionalandregulatoryreformstoenhanceprivatesectorparticipationinthesector

n Establishmentofmultipleutilitystructurestocreateabetterandcompetitiveperformanceculture

n InstitutionalizingofruralwatersupplyschemesundertheregionalsupportcentresofNWSDB

n Introductionofasuitabletariffschemefordrinkingandseweragesystems

2011-2018

Sustainablesafedrinkingwaterforallatanaffordableprice

n Improvingqualityofwaterproduced

n Rehabilitationofabout60existingwatersupplyschemeswithpartialtreatmentfacilitiestofulltreatmentfacilities

n Introductionofwaterqualitysurveillancesystemsincollaborationwithlocalauthorities,NWSDBandtheMinistryofHealth

n Expansionandenhancementofwaterqualitytestingfacilitiesthroughoutthecountry

2011-2017

n Waterconservationculture

n Implementationofnon-revenuewater(NRW)reductionprogrammetominimizetheNRWrateupto20percent

n Introductionofstandardsforwaterefficiencyinstrumentsandpromotionoftheiruse

2011-2020

n Preventionofpollutionofwaterbodies

n ImplementationofapollutionpreventionmechanismandcatchmentareasprotectionprogrammeincollaborationwithNWSDB,farmers’organizations,DepartmentofIrrigation,LocalAuthorities,theMahaweliAuthorityandtheMinistryofEnvironment

2011-2020

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i am hoping to establish Sri lanka as one of asia’s foremost commercial centres in the field of commercial services, international banking and international investment.

(Mahinda chinthana 2010, p 15)

a national economic policy will be formulated by integrating the positive attributes of the free market economy with domestic aspirations in order to ensure a modern and balancedapproach where domestic enterprises can be supported while encouraging foreign investment.

(Mahinda chintana 2005, p 39)

3.5 industry sector – towards global Competitiveness

Industrialdevelopmentisaprimeforceofvaluecreationineconomicdevelopment.SriLanka’sindustrialsectoraccountsfornearly30percentofGDPandemploysabout25percentoftheworkforce.Themanufacturingsectorwhichaccountsfor61percentoftheoutputoftheindustrialsector,includesfoodandbeverages(48%),textileandleatherproducts(23%),chemical,petroleum,plasticandrubber-basedproducts(15%)andmetalproductsandmachinery(9%)etc.

Thegovernmenthasinvestedinlarge-scaleinfrastructuredevelopmentprojectssuchaspowergeneration,roads,transportdevelopment,port

productive investmentsIn2009,theBoardofInvestment(BOI)attractedUS$601millionworthofForeignDirectInvestments(FDIs),ofwhichUS$163millionwasdirectedtothemanufacturingsector.IthasbeentargetedtoattractproductiveFDIsworthUS$15billionperannumby2020.ThecompetitivecapabilityofSriLankaintheregiontoattractFDIswillbestrengthened.PromotionaleffortswillfocusmoreonmassiveeconomicpowerhousessuchasIndiaandChina.Provisionofinvestorfacilitation,legalservicesandsimplificationofexistingrulesandregulationswillbeundertakeninordertobuildaninvestor-friendlyenvironment.

Investmentapprovalprocedurewillbeaccelerated.Speedyapprovalandprocedureswillbeensuredtoacceleratetheimplementationofinvestmentproposalsandreducethenewbusinessstart-uptime.

servicesandirrigationtoprovidenecessaryfacilitiestodevelopanindustrialeconomy.Equally,theskillsbaseisalsobeingpromotedinsupport.Knowledge-basedindustrieswhichutilizehightechnologiesandrequirehighlyskilledlaboursuchasadvancedelectronicmanufacturingandhighvalueaddedactivitieswillleadtheeconomicexpansion.

Thestrategyofthegovernmentensuresthatby2020,SriLanka’sindustrialsectorwillbeahighlyvalueadded,knowledge-based,internationallycompetitiveanddiversifiedsectorwhichemploysahighlypaid,skilledworkforce.Thesectorisexpectedtomobilizemorelocalrawmaterialandhavealargevaluecreationparticularlyforagrowingeconomy.Thegovernmentisalsopromotingenvironmentalsustainabilityandgreentechnologyinindustrialactivities.

Theindustrysectorisexpectedtorecordanaveragegrowthrateofabout11percentperannum,raisingitscontributiontoGDPtonear40percentby2020.Thesectorwillemployabout3.5million.ThevalueofindustrialexportswillreachuptoUS$25billion.

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Chart 3.5.1investments in the industry sector

Entrepreneurswillbeencouragedtointegratewithregionalandglobalproductionnetworksandsupplychainsthroughtheestablishmentofjointventureswithmulti-nationalcompanies.Localmanufacturerswillbegiventaxconcessionsontheirimportedrawmaterialandotherinputs.

MeasureswillbetakentoencourageandbuildconfidenceamongmultinationalcompaniestoestablishandexpandtheiroperationsinSriLanka.BenefitsofinvestinginSriLankawillbepopularizedatlocalandinternationallevel.

Governmentfacilitationfortheestablishmentofpublic-privatepartnershipsbasedinvestmentswillbestrengthened.

Balanced regional DevelopmentExistinginfrastructureinlessdevelopedareaswillbeimproved.Thisincludesdevelopmentofthetelecommunicationsnetwork,well-maintainedhighways,provisionofstablepowersupplyandtransportfacilities.

TheexistingtwelveInvestmentPromotionZonesofBOIwillbefullyutilized.Industrialestateswillbeestablishedcoveringalldistricts,ensuringthat

industrialgrowthcontributestowardsequitabledistributionandmorebalancedregionaldevelopment.

A Demand Driven Marketing strategyAneffectiveandefficientpaperlesstradefacilitationsystemwillbeimplemented.Thecreativeandskilledmanufacturerswillbeidentifiedtobedevelopedaspotentialexporters.

high Export incomeIndustrialexportsofUS$5,153millionaccountfornearly73percentoftotalexportvalue.Majorexportsincludegarments,rubber-basedproducts,processedfoodsandprocesseddiamonds.IndustrialstrategyaimsatraisingvalueofannualindustrialexportstoUS$25billion.Inthisprocess,moreattentionwillbepaidtovalueadditionanddiversificationoftheexportportfolio.Agreaterinstitutionalsupportwillbeprovidedtofacilitateexporters.

Chart 3.5.2Composition of Exports by products – 2009

Theexportsectorwillbesupportedthroughamoreconducivetaxregime.Stepswillbetakentofacilitatemoremarketaccessviamultilateralandbilateraltradingarrangements.

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An Educated and skilled human CapitalThecapacityofthepublicandprivatesectorstomanageindustrialdevelopmentwillbedeveloped.Continuoustrainingandretrainingofworkerswillbecarriedouttocreateaqualifiedworkforceinrelevantdisciplines.Aworkforceequippedwiththecontemporarytechnicalskillsandknowledgewillbecreatedthroughadvancedvocationaltraining.Apropermechanismtoencouragecollaborationbetweentraininginstitutesandindustrywillbeestablishedtooptimizetheutilizationofavailablehumanresources.

sME and Micro industriesSmallandMediumEnterprises(SMEs)accountfor80-90percentofthetotalnumberofenterprisesinSriLanka.AnSMEwillbeananyenterprisewithanannualturnoverofmorethanRs.100millionandlessthanRs.2,000millionorwithfixedassetsworthmorethanRs.10millionandlessthanRs.400million.

ThemicroindustriessectorandtheSMEsectorhavebeenidentifiedasimportantstrategicsectorsforpromotingregionalgrowthandsocialdevelopment.Accordingly,thesesectorswillbegivensupportfordevelopment.

SMEsnurtureentrepreneurialtalentsandformagoodgroundfortrainingemployees.Entrepreneurshipdevelopmentprogrammeswillbeconductedisland-widetocreateanentrepreneurialbusinessclimate.Thesectorwillbestimulatedbyimprovingmarketingopportunitiesthroughpromotingbackwardandforwardlinkageswithlargescaleenterprisesandforeignenterprises.DevelopmentofsubcontractingarrangementswillformtheselinkagesandwillfacilitateSMEstoexpandtheiroperations.FinancialassistancewillbegiventoSMEsthroughformalinstitutions.Asustainablesavings-basedbusinessfinancesystemwillbeimplemented.

NecessaryactionwillbetakentoaddressmajorissuesrelatedtotheSMEsector.Accordingly,acreditguaranteeschemewillbeintroducedtoensureeasyaccesstofinance.Qualitystandards,environmentalstandardsandappropriatetariffmeasureswillbeadoptedtoovercomeunfaircompetitionfromcheap,lowqualityimportedarticles.

Skillsdevelopmentandtrainingprogrammeswillbeconductedinordertocreateadequatetechnological,marketingandmanagerialskillsandawarenessofglobalbestpractices.

high Value Addition and productivityUtilizationoflocalrawmaterialandvalueadditionwillbepromoted.Specialincentivesforcommencementofnewindustries,basedonlocalrawmaterial,willbeintroducedtomaximizetheutilizationoflocalrawmaterial.Relevantnaturalresourceswillbeexploitedprofitablytoobtaincommercialproductswhileensuringmaximumvalueadditionandresourcesustainablitiy.

NecessarymeasureswillbetakentoimprovetheproductivityandbrandingofSriLankanproductswithaviewtoexpandingtheoverseasmarketsaswellasthedomesticmarket.Specialemphasiswillbegiventoproductdiversification.

technology-intensive industriesAdoptionandapplicationofadvancedtechnologiesbyindustrieswillbepromoted.Alegislativebasisforgrowthofhigh-technologyindustrywillbeprovidedthroughmeanssuchasnationalbankingregulations,low-interestloans,taxincentives,andduty-freeimportofselectedcapitalgoods.Supportwillbegivenforapplicationofadvancedtechnologiesinindustryincludingbiotechnologyandnanotechnology.High-techindustrialparkswithrequisitemodernphysicalinfrastructurefacilitieswillbeestablished.

Moreemphasiswillbeplacedoncompliancewithinternationalproduction/servicestandardstoensurehighqualityproductioninalllocalindustrieswiththeaimofattractingthequalityconsciousforeign

Application of Advanced Technology

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market.Allindustrieswilladheretotheenvironmentalfriendlyconcepts.Noindustryshouldreleaseanyharmfulwastes,gasesoreffluentintotheenvironment.Necessaryregulatorymeasureswillbeputinplaceinordertoguaranteetheconformitywiththesestandards.

traditional industriesThetraditionalindustrysectorwillbetransformedintoadynamicandpowerfulsectorintheeconomywhichcontributesimmenselytothenationalincome.Thetraditionalskillsandartswillbepreservedforsucceedinggenerations.Thetraditionalcraftsmanwillbelinkedwithlocalandinternationalmarketsandnewdesignconceptswillbeintroducedtargetingthecurrentmarkettrends.

Key Economic AreasApparel industryTextileandapparelindustryisoneofthemostsignificantcontributorstoSriLanka’soveralleconomy.Itistheleadingnetearnerofforeignexchangeinthecountryrecordinga46percent(US$3,262million)ofthetotalexportvaluein2009.

Thechallengesbeforetheapparelindustryaretoachievequality,timelydeliveryandmatchinginternationalstandardstomeetthehighinternationalcompetitionintheglobalmarkettoremainasanindustrywithgrowthandprofitability.Innovationplaysakeyroleinthiseffortandlocalapparelmanufacturersshouldattempttodevelopinnovativeproductstofaceglobalcompetition.TheindustryaimstobeaUS$4billionindustryby2015.

Necessarymeasureswillbetakentoimprovetheproductivityoftheindustrythroughawarenessprogrammesonefficientmanufacturingoperations,rightsewingsystemsandtheuseofICT.BrandingofSriLankangarmentswillbeimprovedbyintroducingeffectiveandstrongbrandingstrategieswithaviewtoexpandingtheoverseasmarketsaswellasthedomesticmarket.

Threetextile-processingzoneswillbeestablishedinordertoenhancethevalueadditioninapparelexports.Specialemphasiswillbepaidtoproductdiversificationandtoproducerawfabrics,otherrawmaterialsandaccessoriestofeedtheapparelindustry.

Thehandloomsectorwillbeassistedintheformoffinance,technologyandmarkets.

it/BpO industrySriLankaisanemergingglobalIT/BPO(InformationTechnology/BusinessProcessOutsourcing)destinationinanumberofkeyareassuchastelecommunication,banking,financialservices,insuranceandsoftwaretesting.

TheBPOsectorhasdevelopedareputationinthefieldsofcustomersupport,softwaredevelopmentandaccountingservices.Cheaplabour,lowoperatingcostsandthegeographicalsituationintheadvantageoustimezonearethemainattractionsofSriLankafortheBPObusiness.

Thesoftwareindustryhasbeenidentifiedasakeyindustrywithahighpotential.Thereareabout100softwaredevelopmentcompaniesandthetotalworkforceexceeded44,000by2008.Multinationalcompaniesaroundtheworldhaveutilizedlocallydevelopedsoftwareintheirbusinessprocessesduetosuperiorquality.TheindustryisconsideredasthefifthlargestforeignexchangeearneratpresentwithUS$275millionearningsanditisexpectedtoexceedUS$1billionby2016.

Lackofatalentedworkforceisthemainimpedimentfacedbytheindustry.Thecountryneedstoemployatleast500,000peopletodeveloptheindustryinthemediumterm.Recognizingthepotentialofthissector,stepswillbetakentofasttrackthedevelopmentthroughprovidingfiscalandotherincentivesandconcessions.AnewtaxregimewillbedevelopedtogenerateahighgrowthandinvestmentintheIT/BPOsector.

Export Quality Garments

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rubber-based industryTherubber-basedindustrybenefitsaround300,000SriLankans.Latexcrepe,createdinSriLankatobeusedforthemanufactureofclearadhesivesandlight-coloredarticles,isconsideredthe“champagne”ofnaturalrubberandhashistoricallyfaredwellininternationalmarkets.Therawrubberproductionshowsagrowingtrendsinceyear2000andrecordedatotalproductionof137millionkilogramsin2009.RubberproductmanufacturersinSriLankaconsumearound60percentofthisforvalueaddedproductssuchastyres,gloves,mats,automotivepartsandfoamrubberandtheremainderisexportedasrawrubber.Atpresent,therubberindustryearnsUS$385millionfromexports.Rubbertyresandtubesaccountfor54percentofthis.

Thetargetistoincreasethecountry’srawrubberproductionbytwofoldby2020andtheentirerubberproductioninthecountrytosupportvalueaddedmanufacturingactivities.TargetedexportearningsareinexcessofUS$1.2billion.

Thesupplysideexpansionofrubberplantationswillbestrengthenedandsmallrubberholderswillbeempowered.Smalltyreenterprisesandrubbercompoundmanufacturerswillbepromoted.TheRubberResearchInstitutewillbereinforcedandapplicationofnanotechnologyforthedevelopmentoftheindustrywillbeencouraged.ThecountrywillenterintoappropriatetradeandbusinessarrangementswithmajorcompetingcountriessuchasChinaandIndia.Regularindustryforumsandexhibitionswillbeconductedtoformintra-industrypartnershipsandgeneratepublic-privatedialogueswhichwillbeinstrumentalinmodernizingprocessingplants,providingrelevanttrainingandsettingupofprocedurestodelivermoretop-gradelatexcrepethatsatisfiesconsumerdemand.Meanwhilemoreemphasiswillbeplacedonproductdiversification.

Value-added tea industryTheearningfromtheSriLankanteaindustryshowsaremarkablegrowth.Beingalargeplantationbusiness,itplaysamajorroleinthenationaleconomy.TheindustryrecordedlegendaryearningsbyachievingatotalvalueinexportsofoverUS$1,180millionin2009.HavingidentifiedthepotentialtoreachUS$5billioninexportearningsby2020,stepsarebeingtakentoovercometheexistinglabourandfinancialrelatedobstaclesandfasttrackthedevelopment.

Fashion Jewellery

gem and Jewellery industrySriLankaretainsaworldmarketpositionasaproduceroffinequalitygems.SriLankaisgiftedwithover150varietiesofgemsandthesegemsaredepositedinasmallareawitharelativelyhigherdensity.ThegemandjewellerysectorcontributesimmenselytoforeignexchangeearningsandaccountedforUS$400millionworthexportsin2009.Diamondre-exportsaccountfornearly80percentofthis.

Thegemindustryhasahighpotentialforvalueaddition,profitabilityandemploymentgenerationandtheseuntappedpotentialswillbedeveloped.Heattreatmenttechnologywillbepromotedandaninvestmentpromotionzoneforvalueadditionandprocessingofgemsanddiamondswillbeestablished.Astate-of-the-artgemtestinglaboratoryofinternationalstandardswillbeestablished.ThiswillhelptoelevateSriLankaasagemandjewellerytradinghubclaimingvarietiesofgemstones,latestdesignsandworldwidetrustedcustomers.

Practiceofenvironmentalfriendlygemminingtechniqueswillbeensuredandnecessaryenforcementactivitieswillberegularizedandexpedited.

ThejewellerymanufacturingindustrywillbepromotedandjewellerydesigningandpatternmakingwillbeencouragedtargetingbothWesternandAsianmarkets.AninternationallyacceptedassayingandhallmarkingsystemwillbeestablishedtoensurethatSriLankanproductsgetbetterpricesininternationalmarkets.

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Industrystandardswillbedevelopedandtheproductionofvalueaddedtea(instanttea,packetedtea,greentea,flavoredteaandbiotea)willbepromotedovertheexportofbulktea.Theproductionandproductivityofteasmallholderswillbeuplifted.

Electrical and Electronic industryTheincreaseinincomeandlivingstandardsofthecommunity,increasesthedemandforelectricalandelectronicgoodsparticularlyconsumerelectronicproducts,globally.Design,developmentandengineeringofcutting-edgeproductsinconformitywithleadinginternationalstandards,coupledwithcontinuousimprovementofmethodsandsystemsthroughoutthebusinessprocessarethekeysfordevelopmentofanelectricalandelectronicindustrywhichsuccessfullycompetesintheglobalmarket.Currently,SriLankaismoreintoassemblingcomponentsofasub-partofamajorproductdesignofthemultinationalcompanies.

However,SriLankahasthepotentialforrapiddevelopmentintheelectronicsindustryintheSouthAsianregion.SriLankahasextensivedepositsofhighqualitymineralswhichcouldbeusedasthebasematerialforelectronicproducts.Theseresourceswillbeoptimallyutilizedfortheproductionofelectricapplianceslocallywhilecreatinganeducatedworkforceandcontinuinginvestmentonresearchanddevelopmentinthefield.SriLankawillbeahometomultinationalelectricandelectronicmanufacturingcompaniesfromtheworldover.Factoriesfor

assemblingelectricandelectronicapplianceswillbesetupathightechindustrialestates.By2020,70percentofthedomesticrequirementofelectricapplianceswillbemanufacturedlocally.

pharmaceutical industryTheSriLankanpharmaceuticalsectorheavilydependsonimports.Localmanufacturerscomprisingbothgovernmentandprivatesector,contributeonly14percentoflocalmedicinalneeds.ThevalueofmedicalandpharmaceuticalproductsimportedexceedsUS$185million.Thetargetof2020istoincreasethelocalmanufacturingshareupto50percentandconsequentlysaveasubstantialamountofforeignexchange.

Thepotentialformanufacturingmedicaldevicesforthelocalmarketaswellastosetupauxiliaryindustries(producingglassbottles,plasticcontainers,disposablesyringes)willbeexplored.Specialincentivepackagesandconcessionswillbeprovidedandaccesstocreditfacilitieswillbeimproved.

Anindependentlaboratorywillbesetuptofacilitatelocalindustrialiststocarryoutanalysisandresearch.Traininginstituteswillbesetuptoproducethemanpowerrequirements.SriLankaisinasatisfactorypositioninhealthcarefacilitieswithhighlyqualifiedmedicalspecialistsandtreatmentprotocolsthatareinlinewiththeWest.Thisisagoodopportunitytobecomeamajorplayerintheinternationaldrugdevelopmentandclinicalresearchfieldsanditwillbeamajorsourceofrevenueforthecountry.Thiswillcreatenewcareeropportunitiesformedicalprofessionals.

Advanced Electronic Manufacturing

Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

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heavy industriesSmallscaleshipbuildingplants,shiprepairingplantsandindustrialmachinerymanufacturingplantswillbeestablishedadjacenttomajorseaports.TheTrincomaleeharbourisoneofthefewharboursintheworldthatcanallowlargeshipstoenter.Takingthisadvantage,adedicatedindustrialestateforheavyindustrieswillbeestablishedatTrincomalee.

Automobileassemblingindustryisrelativelyanewindustrydevelopedinthecountry.Themanufacturerswillbeencouragedtouselocallyproducedsparesandaccessories.Setting-upofautomobileassemblingplantswillbepromoted,especiallyintheinvestmentpromotionzones.

Mineral industryRadioactiveminerals,ironores,mineralsands,ilmenite,rutile,zircon,highpuritysilicasands,limestone,clays,depositsofinlandcoral,seashells,granite,marble,andquartziteswillbeoptimallyutilizedwhileensuringresourcesustainability.StepswillbetakentoestablishavalueaddedmineralproductionfacilityatTrincomalee.Theestablishmentofanoffshore-sandindustrywillbeencouraged.

ThephosphatefertilizerrequirementofthecountrywillbesuppliedbyEppawalarockphosphatedepositswiththeimprovementofthequality.TitaniumwillbeextractedfromtheilmenitesanddepositatPulmoddaiforproducingpaint,paper,plastic,partsofhigh-performancemilitaryaircraftsandrockets,spacecapsuleskins,armourplate,aircraftfirewalls,jetenginecomponents,landinggears,submarinesandengineparts(asanalloy)locally.

Themanagementofmineralresourceswillbeintegratedintotheoverallstrategyofdevelopment.Theminingofresourceswillbeundertakeninanenvironmentallyandsociallyacceptableandsustainablemanner.Procedureswillbesimplifiedtoencourageprivateinvestmentinmining.Aprofileofnationalmineralresourceswillbedevelopedwithinthecontextofreserves,locationandquality.Thisprofilewillbemadereadilyavailabletoinvestorsintheworldover.

Theceramicssectorstandsontopinmeetingwithvalueadditioncriteriaandmovesupthevaluechainwithstrongbackwardintegrationwithinthecountry.SriLankaistheleaderinsupplyingceramicstotheworldmarketandtheannualexportearningsisapproximatelyUS$40million.

Tableware,ornamentalceramicsandtilesindustryhascapturedtheforeignmarketsbysupplyingqualitygoodsinacompetitivemanner.Rawmaterialofceramicindustrysuchaskaolin,ballclay,feldspar,silica,quartzanddolomitearereadilyavailableinSriLankawithhighpurityandquality.

NecessarysupportwillbegiventotherelevantindustrialiststomakeSriLankaaleadingsupplieroftablewareandceramicstotheglobalmarket.Industrialistswillbemadefullyawareofmodernmanufacturingtechniquesandqualityassurance

Automobile Manufacturing

Elegant Designs of Tableware

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methodsforefficientandcosteffectiveproduction.TheSriLankaCeramicResearchandDevelopmentCentrewillbestrengthened.

Other potential industriesTheconstructionindustrywhichprovidesphysicalinfrastructureessentialforthecountry’sdevelopmentislargelydominatedbymicro,smallandmediumscaleenterprises.Over1.5millionpeoplearedirectlyandindirectlyengagedintheconstructionindustry.Measureswillbetakentoexposethemtooverseascompanies,enablingthemtoacquiremoderntechnologyfordevelopingtheiremployabilityintheinternationalmarket.

SriLankahastraditionallybeenknownforitsspiceandculinaryherbproduction.SriLankareceivedforeignearningsworthUS$230millionfromexportingagriculturalcropproductssuchasspices,coffee,freshfruits,cutflowersandfoliage,essentialoils,etc.ThenecessaryfacilitationwillbeextendedtowardsincreasingthevalueoftheseexportstooverUS$1billion.Commercialcultivationofthesecropswillbeencouragedtomeetrequiredquantitiesfortheinternationalmarket.Assistancewillbeprovidedtoimprovevaluechainefficiencythroughupgradingtheproductionprocess.SpecialattentionwillbegiventopromotevalueadditionandencouragePPPinvestments.

Chemicalandplasticproducts,footwearandleather,paperproducts,processedfoodandbeverages,giftwareandtoysandbasemetalproductsaretheotherindustrieswithhighexportpotential.Theseproductsectorswillbesupportedandgivenfullsupportforexpansionandvalueaddition.

Chart 3.5.4 Exports of selected Commodities, 2005 - 2020

Chart 3.5.3

imports of selected Commodities, 2005 - 2020

Chemical Manufacturing Plant

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BackgroundTheprivateinvestmentofaround18-20percentofGDPistargetedtorisetoaround22-24percentofGDP.ThisincludestheForeignDirectInvestments(FDI)ofaroundtwopercentofGDPatpresentwhichisexpectedtobeprogressivelyincreasedtofivepercentofGDPwithinasixyeartimeframetosustaineconomicgrowthinexcessofeightpercent.Theincentivesforinvestmentwillshiftfromanoverdependenceontaxanddutyconcessionstogenuinebusinessopportunitiesthatwillemergeandevolveinanenvironmentofpeace,availabilityofqualityinfrastructure,stablefinancialenvironmentandtheoptimizationoftheuseofeducatedandskilledworkforce.

TheBoardofInvestment(BOI)willbepositionedtobethepremierinvestmentpromotionagencyprofilingthebiggeropportunitiesthatexistinpartnershipwithlineagencies,obtainingnecessaryclearancesofforecastinginvestmentrequirementstofacilitatespeedierinvestmentapprovalsandimplementation.Strategicinvestmentpromotionwillfocusonthefollowing:

IT/BPOSectorWiththeeducatedpooloftalentavailableinthecountryandtheexpansionofITeducationinallpartsofthecountry,theIT/BPOsectorwhichcurrentlyexportsservicestothevalueofUS$300millionistargetedtoincreasetoabilliondollarindustryinfiveyearstime.Thissectorwillabsorbatalentpoolinexcessof25,000.HighprofileinternationalBPOoperatorswillbeattractedinadditiontothefewthatarealreadypresentinthecountry.ITtrainingisrecognizedforskillsdevelopmentsandineducationtosupportthisthrustsector.

UrbanTownshipDevelopmentThecityofColomboaswellastheprincipalcitiesofthecountryareidentifiedfordevelopment.TheUrbanDevelopmentAuthority,Tourism,Ports,andtheBoardofInvestmentwillworktogethertoattractsuitableinvestorsforthedevelopmentofhotels,mixeddevelopmentforhousing,shoppingandotherpublicservices.

LeisureandTourismTourism,whichhasalreadyshownanupsurge,isplannedtobeincreasedto2.5milliontouristsandpositionedasaUS$2-3billioneconomicactivity.Inordertoaccommodateandincreasediversifiednumbers,hotelsandotherfacilitiessuchasair

inVEstMEnt strAtEgY

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androadlinkages,infrastructureandotherleisurerelatedactivitiesarebeingmadeavailableforpotentialinvestors,preservingbiodiversityanduniquedestinationsforarangeofinvestmentsinecotourism,wildlife,business,sea,mountainsandculture.

ImportReplacementIndustriesWiththeexpansionoftheconstructionandservicessectorsthereisanincreaseddemandforceramicware,furniture,steel,cementetc.Weaimtoexpandourindustrybasetofurtherstrengthenourcapabilitybybringingtheseindustriestointernationalstandardssothatinthelongerterm,inadditiontoservingthedomesticindustryinitially,greatpotentialintextiles,leather,pharmaceutical,fertilizer,cementandrenewableenergy,foodprocessingetc,existforimportreplacement.

HighValueAddedExportsTheUS$3.5billionapparelindustryisexpectedtobeastrongvalueaddedindustrybecomingaUS$4.5billionwithbackwardandverticalintegrationandfavouringup-marketproducts.ValueaddedSriLankanbrandedtea,rubberproducts,cinnamonandspices,gemsandjewelry,ceramicsareprojectedtobeoverabillionUS$industryeach.

AgricultureandAgroFarmsTheLivestockandDairysectorcoveringeightfarmsinNorthCentral,NorthWesternandSouthernProvincescoveringalandareaof1750hectares,willbeputintoproductiveusethroughpartnershiparrangementsinordertosupportthenationaldriveforselfsufficiencyinmilk.This,togetherwithaddressingotherconstraintssuchasthequalityofthecattlestock,qualityofanimalfeedaswellasmoderntechniquesandknowhowwillalsobefornewinvestmentopportunitieswhichwillbeprofiledforpotentialinvestors.

IndustrialZonesThe12BOIzoneswillbetransformedwithinathreeyeartimeframeintomodelzonesdepictingthecountry’sexpectationsforstandardsinregardtoenvironment,infrastructure,employeerelationsandtechnologyimprovements.NewdedicatedzoneswillalsobeestablishedwithprivateinvestmentsinITparksandknowledgebasedservicecentres,togenerateexportsandtechnology,andknowledgebasedeconomicactivities.Thesezoneswillbelinkedforskillsdevelopment,advancedresearchactivities,highvalueproductcreationandothercommercialoperations.

Theunutilizedspaceinanextentoftwoacresprovidesnewinvestmentsinwellover40factorieswhichwillbemadeavailabletopotentialinvestors.

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industrial processing Zones and sME industrial Estates

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ThepoliciesthatwereimplementedinthelastfiveyearswilltakeplaceintheearlyyearsofthecomingdecadetomeettheMahindaChintanadevelopmentgoals(MCGs)ofgrowth,employmentandpovertyreductionincludethefollowing:

(a)IntegratingintotheworldeconomySriLanka’sexportsofgoodsandservicesareequivalentto22percentofGDPandshareofmanufacturedexportshasrisento70percenttoday.BydeepeningFTAs,SriLankahasmadecommitmentstomovetoanenvironmentoflowtariffrates.Thisregimewillencouragegreaterefficiencyinexportingandimportcompetingsectors,increaseproductivityandgiveproducersaccesstoglobalmarketsandtechnology.

(b)EncouragingtheprivatesectorTheprivatesectorhasbeenencouragedineveryspearofeconomicactivities.Creatingalevelplayingfieldfortheprivatesectorwillrequireactivesupportandencouragement.Theprivatesectorwillalsobenefitfrompublicinvestmentinpowergeneration,portsexpansion,roadandexpresswaydevelopment,irrigationandwater.InvestmentprioritiesintheprivatesectorhavebeentargetedinTourismITandskilleddevelopment,urbandevelopment,telecommunication,portsandaviationservices,agriculture,renewableenergyandwastedisposaletc.ForeignDirectInvestmentsaswellaspublicprivatepartnershipsareprioritized.Regulatoryframework,macropolicyenvironmentandtaxationpoliciesandinstitutionalarrangementsareredefinedtoencourageprivateinvestments.(c)ReformingstateownedenterprisesTheachievementofSriLanka’seconomicgoalswillbesupportedbyimprovingstrategicstateownedenterprises.Thegovernmentplanstoreducelossesandimprovetheirperformancethroughmanagementcentricreforms,publicequityparticipationandexposingtogreatercompetition:procurement,financialmanagementandhumanresourcesbasedreformsarevitaltostrengthenstateownedenterprises.Theyareencouragedtobebudgetindependentthroughimprovedcorporatepractices.

KEY MEssAgEsCREATINGSUPPORTIVECLIMATEFORENTERPRISES

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(d)StrengtheningthebankingsystemSriLanka’sbankingsystemhasimprovedconsiderablyandnon-performingloansandmanagementimprovementshavepromotedbettermobilizationofsavingsanditsallocationforefficientinvestmentopportunities.PlannedreformmeasuresincludesupervisoryimprovementsundertheCentralBankregulatoryframework,restructuringandraisingcapitalbaseandlevelingoftheplayingfieldforallbanks.Regulatoryrequirementswillbefurtherstrengthenedinnon-bankfinancialinstitutionsandspecializedfinancialinstitutionsrequiringpubliclistingandincreasedcapitalrequirementsforsystemsstability.

(e)EnsuringfiscalstabilityBroadbasedeffortsarecontemplatedontherevenuefronttoensurefiscalstabilityinthemediumtolong-term.Productivityimprovementsinrecurrentexpenditureandgenerationofrevenuesurplusarethekeythrustareasinthefiscalreformprocesstowardslowerdeficitandstablepublicinvestment.

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indicative investment OpportunitiesExport and import replacement Enterprises

Industry PresentLevel(US$mn)for2009

Import Export

SME

Handloom 3.27 16.27

SurgicalGauze 2.52 0.46

Paperlabels 16.01 7.57

Motorspareparts 65.88 3.93

Brassproducts 0.67 3.02

Canefurniture 0.09 0.01

Gemandjewellery 275.17 434.04

Costumejewellery 1.49 3.33

Cutflowerandfoliage 0.37 11.47

Packagingmaterials 25.89 8.56

Rubbercomponentsbasedautoproducts 5.93 10.26

Ceramicfigurines 0.36 0.02

Coirproducts 1.62 809.65

Fruitproducts/Agribasedfoodproducts 263.85 111.96

Freshwaterfish 0.47 8.50

LightIndustries(HighValueAdded)

Tea 24.48 1,185.43

Cinnamon 0.10 74.18

FoodandBeverageProcessing 16.21 57.16

Dairy 164.92 1.21

Apparel 76.58 3,124.40

Footwear 6.90 17.20

Fabricprocessing 1,427.87 95.77

Leatherproducts 4.85 13.22

Rubberbasedproducts 51.96 255.01

Furniture 10.21 11.44

HerbalandAyurvedicproducts 1.20 1.29

NutritionalFood(Thriposha) 8.80 0.92

Assemblyofmotorcycles&Threewheelers 120.22 0.00

Paints 8.90 1.36

Detergents 23.49 1.02

Printingmaterials 217.00 0.75

Corrugatedcartons 0.81 0.06

Aluminumextrusion 51.87 2.86

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Industry PresentLevel(US$mn)for2009

Import Export

PVCproducts 120.92 12.50

Steeltubes&ducts 54.67 0.44

Electricalaccessories 359.66 83.11

Temperedglass 15.51 1.40

Stationary 17.79 4.93

Toys 3.90 18.40

Glassware 9.60 12.10

Bottledwater 0.03 0.16

Bagsandluggage 2.19 13.60

Ricebasedproducts 11.28 24.42

Fabric/yarn 100.05 4.10

Sugar 215.23 0.09

Spicesandoils 51.70 123.00

Transmissionapparatus 7.54 0.00

Medicalinstruments 41.32 0.07

Chemicals 295.28 53.22

Appareltrimsandaccessories 40.36 2.72

Cannedfish 32.16 0.41

Batteries 0.19 -

Gardenaccessories 1.60 -

Sportsgoods 4.37 14.00

HighTechIndustries

Pharmaceutical 173.91 2.00

Clinicalresearch 3.62 -

Electronicsandtelecommunication 150.93 59.90

Precisionstools 9.06 2.49

Manufactureofcomputers 60.92 3.61

Mobilephones 14.77 -

Manufactureofsmartcards 3.21 -

Cosmeticsandbeautycareproducts 14.51 7.29

Babycareproducts 0.37 0.01

Aeroplanespareparts 56.76 0.81

Engineeringtools 11.70 0.02

HeavyIndustries

Steel 349.77 5.61

Cement 168.51 0.02

Petroleum,crudeoil&PetroleumGases 1,789.32 2.10

Fertilizer 193.21 0.35

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Industry PresentLevel(US$mn)for2009

Import Export

Machinery(Assembling) 12.67 8.68

Paper 203.72 0.69

Mineralproducts 6.62 8.13

Ceramics(Tiles,sanitaryware) 15.50 7.06

Boatmanufacturing 0.07 36.01

ShipsBuilding 4.17 20.80

Manufactureofroofingsheets 13.81 -

Iron&Steelstructures 92.76 2.92

Agriculturalmachinery,waterpumps 28.58 0.9

Refrigerators,washingmachines 22.11 25.49

Harvestingequipment 7.48 -

Porcelain&Tableware 3.40 24.17

Services

IT/BPO 394.00

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table 3.5.1 summary of sector priorities, strategies and targets

Strategies Activities Outcome/Targetby2020

Promoteindustrial

development

n Establishaconducivebusinessenvironment.

n Entrepreneurshipdevelopment.

n Improveaccesstofinance.

n Achievementofanaverageannualgrowthrate

of11%forindustrysector.

n ContributionofindustrialsectortoGDP

increasedto40%.

IncreaseIndustrial

ExportEarnings

n Extendagreaterinstitutionalsupporttoexporters.

n Increasecontactbetweenoverseasbusinessassociations.

n Introduceaconducivetaxregime.

n IndustrialexportsincreasedtoUS$25billion.n Newmarketscreatedthroughpreferentialand

non-preferentialtradingarrangements.

PromoteProductive

ForeignDirect

Investments

n Simplifyexistingrulesandregulations.n Ensurespeedyapprovalprocedures.n Implementinvestmentpromotioncampaigns.

n InflowofFDIincreasedtoUS$15billion.n Confidencebuiltamongoverseasbusiness

communityoninvestinginSriLanka.

ExpandDomestic

PrivateInvestmentand

PromotePPPs

n Facilitateexpansions.

n Encourageintegrationwithglobalproduction

chains.

n Promoteoutwardinvestments.

n ExtendgovernmentfacilitationforPPPs.

n Domesticprivateinvestmentapprovals-BOI

projectsincreaseduptoRs.310billion

StrengthenandExpand

SMEs

n Improvemarketingopportunitiesthrough

promotingbackwardandforwardlinkages.

n Developsub-contractingarrangements.

n Improveaccesstofinance.

n Enhanceproductivity.

n Introducemodernpackagingtechniques

n PercentagecontributionofSMEstototal

industrialoutputincreased.

n ProductivityofSMEsenhanced

IncreaseIndustrial

Employment

n Facilitatecommencementofindustries

n Facilitateexpansions

n 1.6millionemploymentopportunitiescreated

intheindustrialsector.

ReduceRural/

UrbanImbalanceof

Industrialization

n FullyutilizeexistingInvestmentPromotion

ZonesofBOI

n Establishindustrialestates

n Grantspecialincentivesforindustryrelocation

inbackwardregions

n Percentagecontributiontoindustrialsector

byprovincesotherthanWesternProvince

increased.

HumanResource

Development

n Conductcontinuoustrainingandretraining

programmes

n Empowerworkforcewithtechnicalskillsand

knowledge

n Encouragecollaborationbetweenindustryand

traininginstitutes

n Numberofgraduatesproducedperyear

increased.

AdoptAdvanced

Technologies

n Providealegislativebasisforhightechnology

industrygrowth

n Establishhigh-techindustrialparks

n Numberofoperatinghightechindustries

increased.

PromoteDiversification

andHighValueAddition

inIndustrySector

n Grantspecialincentives n Overallvalueadditioninmanufacturingsector

increasedthreetimes.

DeveloptheTraditionalIndustrySector.

n Educateonnewmarkettrends

n Linklocalwithinternationalmarkets

n Introducenewdesignconcepts

n Preservetraditionalskillsandartsfor

succeedinggenerations.

n Newemploymentopportunitiescreated

n Valueofsalesincreased.

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TheMahindaChintanapolicyframeworkdoesnotbelievethatprivatizationofstateownedenterprises(SOEs)istheonlystrategyforeconomicreforms.Emphasishasbeenplacedonimprovingtheirperformancethroughmanagementreformsasanalternativepolicystrategytoprivatization.ReformsinallSOEsaredesignedtobringindividendincometothegovernmentwhileengagingsocialresponsibilitiesandstrategicroleintheeconomy.

• Expected growth - Theannualturnoverof127commercialSOEsisexpectedtoraisefrom19percentofGDPin2009to22percentofGDPin2016and26percentofGDPin2020.

• return on investment (rOi) -AllSOEsarebeingreformedtopaydividends/levynotlessthan30percentoftheirdistributableprofitsor15percentofequitywhicheverishigher.ThepresentROIof0.2percentistargetedtoincreasetofivepercentin2020.

• non reliance on treasury funding -AllSOEsarereengineeredtogeneratesurplusesutilizingtheirresourcestoitsoptimumandrelyonthenationalbudgetonlyforsocioeconomicactivitiesundertakenonbehalfoftheGovernment.

• Economic and development cost reflective pricing structure - Unlike

privatesector,SOEshavetoconsidernationalinterestsandeconomicandsocialbenefitstothesocietywhileconsideringfinancialbenefits.

• scale of operation - SOEswillconfinethemselvesonlytostrategiccommercialbusinesseswhichhaveasocioeconomicsignificanceortoanybusinesswhichcannotbeundertakenbytheprivatesectorduetotheirscale,riskortechnologicalcomplexity.ExistingSOEsthatareverysmallinscaleandnotviabletooperateascommercialentitiesandthatdonothaveanysocial,economicorstrategicimportancewillbemergedoramalgamatedtobringtoaviablescale.

• Facilitating private sector - SOEsareinthebestpositiontofacilitateprivatesectortoincreaseinvestment.Investmentof25percentoftheGDPin2009isexpectedtoincreaseto30-35percentofGDPin2020.SOE’sareencouragedtoexploreinnovativePublic-PrivatePartnership(PPP)aswellasPublic-PublicPartnership(PubP)strategiestoactascatalystsindevelopment.

• innovative financing - SOEswillbeencouragedtoexploreallinnovativefinancingmechanismssuchasdebentures,bondsandsecuritizationandthecapitalmarket.

• performance contracts - AllBoardMembersofSOE’swillberequiredtoenterintoperformancecontractswiththeTreasury.

• Board room practices and governance - Governmentwillensurethatprofessionally

competentappointmentswillbemadetoBoardofmanagementsinordertoimproveefficiency,boardroompracticesandgovernance.

• Corporate planning - AllSOEswilloperatewithinacorporatevisiondevelopedunderthemandateoftheenterpriseandshouldnotundertakebusinessactivitiesoutsidetheirscope,compromisingcompetitiveadvantage.

• public accountability - AllSOEsshouldensurethattheiractivitiesareproperlydisclosedtothepublicbyadoptingasoundreportingsystembasedoninternationalbestpracticesandensurefullcompliance.

strategic state-Owned Enterprises Thegovernment’sstrategyistoutilizeSOEsas

thecatalystinexecutingthedevelopmentinthecountry.Inthiscontext,thefollowingSOEsthathavesignificantimpactinachievingthestrategictargetsofthecountryareexpectedtoplayapivotalrole;

3.6 state-Owned Enterprises to Become strategic

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• Bank of Ceylon (BOC) willbeafullyITdrivenRs.2trillionbankthatwouldpreserveitsnumberonepositionamongallbanksoperatinginSriLanka.ThiswouldbesupportedbyaroundRs.1.6trillioncustomerdepositsanddiversifiedglobalanddomesticfinancialservices.

• peoples’ Bank (pB) willbeaRs.2trillionbanktargetingauniqueruralandmiddleincomecentricclientelebaseadoptingcuttingedgetechnologies.

• national savings Bank (nsB) willbeconsolidatedasthepremiersavingsbankwithadepositbaseofmorethanRs.1trillionanddominatingthemarketshareofthebankingindustryinrespectofdepositmobilization.

• regional Development Bank (rDB) willbetheleadingdevelopmentbankerandmicro

financerwhichisengagedindevelopingsmallandmediumlevelentrepreneurs.TheRDBwillconvert5000smallentrepreneurstothelevelofmediumscaleannuallywhileintroducing500ofitsowncustomerstothecommercialbankingsectoraslargescaleentrepreneurs.

• sri Lanka insurance Corporation Limited. (sLiC) willbuilditselftointernationalstandardwiththecapabilityofprovidinganytypeofinsuranceneedsofthecountryinpartnershipwithhighlyratedinternationalinsuranceprovidersexpandingitsoperationtoglobaltradeandservices.ThenetassetofSLICwillbeincreasedfromRs.10billionto40billionin2020.

• national insurance trust Fund (nitF) willincreaseitsreinsurancemarketfrom20

percentto35percent,fishermeninsuranceto40percent,self-employeesinsuranceto50percentandpensionerinsuranceto20percent.TheNITFhasbeenestablishedundertheMahindaChinthanatomeetinsuranceneedsofspecificsegmentofthesocietyincludingpublicofficers,fishermen,andself-employeesandpensionersandalsotointroducere-insurancemarketinSriLanka.

• Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) willbeoneofthemaindriversinpositioningSriLankaasaviableenergyhubintheregionanditsnetassetswillbeincreasedfromRs.275billiontoRs.1000billionby2020.Basedonthetwinprincipleoflowcostandreliablegeneration,thegenerationmixoftheCEBwillbedrivenpredominantlybycoal.Butatthesametime,inordertosupporttheglobalefforts,anaggressiverenewableenergygenerationprogramwillbeimplementedtogenerate10percentofitspowerfromrenewablesourcesthoughpossibleglobalassistancesuchasCleanDevelopmentMechanism(CDM)undertheKyotoProtocol.SriLanka’sfirstnuclearpowerplantisexpectedtobecommissionedin2020.ItwillalsobetheregionalpowerhouseinprovidingconsultanciesfordesigningandbuildingpowergridsandsystemsintheSouthAsiaandAfrica,whichhashugedemandforelectricity.TheCEB,asaresponsibleutilityserviceprovider,willcontinueitspolicyofsupportingthelowersegmentofsociety,governmentschoolsandhospitalsandmicroandsmallbusinesssectorbyprovidingreducedcompetitivetariffrates.

•InestablishingandmaintainingSriLankaasanenergyhub,theroleoftheCeylon petroleum Corporation (CpC)’s willbepivotal,especiallywithapositiveoutcomeinthecontextofoilexplorationactivitiesandexpectstoincreaseitsnetassetfromRs.13billionin2009toRs.50billionby2020.WiththeupgradingoftheSapugaskandaoilrefineryandthecommissioningofastateoftheartoilrefinery,CPCwillbeacompetitiveforceintheregionforexportofrefinedproductsandcaringshippingandaviationneeds.

• national water supply and Drainage Board (nwsDB) willhavesignificantpartnershipviaprivatesectortoconstructseweragetreatmentplantandindustrialwaterschemes.Thequality,safetyandreliabilityinsupplywillbethethemeoftheNWSBD.Accesstocleanwaterwillincreasefrom65percentto90percentinurbanareasand30percentto90percentinruralareasin2020.Further,nonrevenuewaterwillbereducedto20percentandthetotalnetassetoftheboardisexpectedtoincreasefromRs.92billionin2009toRs.350billionin2020.

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SriLankahasmadeaconsiderableprogressinimplementingPPPprojectsasapartofitsinvestmentstrategytowardshighercapitalformationininfrastructuredevelopment.TheongoingPPPproject,theColomboSouthHarbourproject(CSHP),isdesignedtoupliftthefacilitiesoftheColomboporttoaccommodateincreasingdemandforportservices.TheCSHPinvolvesdredginganapproachchannelandinnerharbourbasin,andtheconstructionofabreakwatersufficienttobuildthreenewterminalsonstaggeredbasis.UnderthePPParrangementoftheCSHP,thegovernmentprovidesbasicinfrastructure,includingtheconstructionofthebreakwater,andtheprivatesectorisexpectedtodeveloptheterminals.PhaseIoftheprojectisexpectedtocostUS$780millionofwhichthepublicsectorcomponentisestimatedtobeUS$480million.ThisisfinancedbyaloanofUS$300millionfromtheAsianDevelopmentBank(ADB)andthebalancebythegovernmentofSriLanka.TheprivatesectorinvestmentinthefirstterminalinwhichtheconcessionagreementhasbeenexecutedunderthePPParrangement,willbeUS$300million.ThephaseIoftheCSHPisexpectedtobecompletedby2013.

TheGovernment,asapartofitsinvestmentstrategyforhighercapitalformation,issupportingsimilararrangementsinPower,IndustrialInfrastructureandWasteDisposaletc.Lineministriesarebeinggearedtomodeltheircommercialinvestmentopportunitiesonthisbasistoensurestrategicinvolvementofthegovernmentissecured.Onthisbasis,thesecondcoalpowerplantwith500MWatTrincomaleehasbeenlaunchedwiththelongtermfinancialarrangementsfromIndia.Underthisarrangement,NTPCandCEBwillundertakeajointinvestmentinpowergenerationprojectwithanestimatedinvestmentofUS$500millionintwostageswhilethegovernmentwillbuildnecessaryinfrastructureconsistingofterminalfacilityforcoalimportandtransmissionlineforpowerdistributiontothenationalgridatanestimatedcostofUS$150million.

sri LAnKA MAKEshEADwAY in pUBLiC

priVAtE pArtnErships (ppp) in inVEstMEnt prOMOtiOn

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• sri Lanka transport Board (sLtB) - Thegovernmentrecognizesthesignificantrole

playedbytheSLTBinprovidingreliableandalltimetransportationfacilitiestothenationbytakingamarketshareof40percentinthecommercialpassengertransportationandoff-hours,ruralandotheruneconomicalroutestransportation,consideringsocialbenefits.Thecomplementaryco-existencebetweenpublicandprivatepassengertransportationservicesispromotedasthestrategicroleofSLTB.

• sri Lanka ports Authority (sLpA) - TheSLPAwillbepositionedasModernTechnologicalTransshipmentHubinAsiaby2020havingincreaseditsnetassetsfromRs.78billiontoRs.200billion.Itwillhavethecapacitytoreceivethelargestshipsintheworld.PrivatesectorparticipationinportrelatedindustrialactivitieswillbeadominantfeatureofSLPA.PortsectorisexpectedtobeakeypriorityareaforPPPbasedinvestments.

• sri Lanka telecom plc (sLt), whichisapubliclistedSOE,willbeakeypartnerincreatingaknowledgehubofthecountrybytakingtheleadtobridgetheICTgapbetweenurbancitiesandtheruralvillagesbyusinglatestandnextgenerationtechnologies.

• sriLankan Airlines Ltd (sLA) - SriLankabeingacountryaspiringtobearegionalaviationhub,theSLAwillbethepremiernationalcarrierreaching50internationaldestinationsandfeeding14domesticdestinationsthroughMihinLankaLtdusingstateoftheart30modernaircrafts.MihinLankaLtd.willbetheleaderinbudgetairline.TheSLAwillbeoperatingasaholdingcompanyunderwhichfivesubsidiarycompanies,SLA,MihinLankaLtd.,SriLankanCateringLtd,SriLankanEngineeringandMaintenanceLtd,andAirportandAviationServicesLtd.willprovideavarietyofairservicestopositionthecountryasanemergingAviationHub.ThenetassetofSLAisexpectedtoreachRs.50billionin2020fromRs.15billionin2009.

• Airport and Aviation services (sri Lanka) Ltd (AAsL) willbethekey

infrastructureproviderincreatingandmaintainingSriLankaastheaviationhuboftheregionhavingownershipandmanagingtwoInternationalairportsand14domesticairportswithmodernfacilities.

• Milk industries Lanka Ltd. (Milco) and national Livestock Development Board (nLDB) willmakeefforttoincreasethesupplyfrom30percentto60percentofthedomesticmilkconsumptiondemandatanaffordablepricebyintroducinginternationalexpertiseinthemarketindustryandthroughPPP.

• state pharmaceuticals Corporation (spC) andStatePharmaceuticalsManufacturingCorporation(SPMC)willbejointlystrengthenedwithcapacitytolocallymanufactureatleast30percentofthetotalessentialdrugrequirementsatanaffordablepriceandtomaintainasufficientstockinordertomaintainuninterruptedsupplyofmedicinesandprovidebestandaffordablehealthcareservicesinthecountry.

•Lanka phosphate Limited (LpL) willbeabletomeettheentirelocalrequirementof

rockphosphateandwillincreasethevalueadditionby50percentbyproducingproductssuchasSingleSuperPhosphateandpay20percentofnetassetsasROItotheTreasury.

• Lanka Mineral sands Limited (LMsL) willbethepremierSOEpromotingvalueadded

mineralsandandhighqualityvalueaddedinputformanufacturingsectorforlocalandinternationalmarketandpayatleast20percentasROItotheTreasury.

4. DevelopeD roaD network andtransportsystem

TowardsaModernRoadNetwork

TransportationHub

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4.1 towards a Modern road network

myintentionistoprovideasatisfactorytransportservicetothepeopleofourcountry

overview

RoadsarethedominantmodeoftransportinSriLankaandhaveevolvedovermorethanonecentury.About90percentofpassengersand98percentoffreightarecarriedbytheroad.Theroadnetworkisdenseandwelllaid-outprovidingbasicspatialcoveragetothecountry’spopulationandcentresofeconomicactivity.Thenetwork’sdensityisamongthehighestinAsia,astheratioofroadkilometerstopopulationexceedstherelatedindicatorsintheneighboringcountries.

table 4.1.1 Comparative transport

network Indicators, 2009

Countrypopulation

Density

road Density

km/

1000

people

km/

km2 of

land

SriLanka 311 5.50 1.71

India 361 3.00 1.12

Bangladesh 1126 2.00 1.79

Pakistan 212 1.69 0.32

Developmentoftheroadsinfrastructurecontributestotheaccelerationofeconomicgrowthandbalancedregionaldevelopment.Roadsimprovementwillalsoopenupopportunitiesfornationalintegrationandpoliticalstability.Therefore,theGovernmenthasaccordedthehighestprioritytoimprovingentirenetworkofroadsinthecountrywithmoderntechnologyduringtheperiod2011–2020.

table 4.1.2 Classification of roads

Category Class length (km)%

paved

NationalRoads

A&B 11,922 99

ProvincialRoads

C&D 15,975 70

LARoads E 80,600 13

OtherRoadsNot

Classified4,500 -

total 112,997

Theroadnetworkofthecountryconsistsof112,997kms.RoadsaredividedintoNational,Provincial,Ruralandotherroadsintermsoftheresponsibility.

Thecontinualincreaseininvestmentsintheroadsectorwillensurethattheroadnetworkwillbeplanned,maintained,constructedanddevelopedto:

Meetcurrentandexpectedfuturedemandinthetransportofpassengersandfreightandensureutilizationofresources.

(mahindaChintana2005,p65)

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Improvethequalityofroadsbyusingeffectiveandinnovativemoderntechniquesofdesign,constructionandmaintenance.

Reducetraveltimeandoperatingcostswhilefacilitatinggreatermobilityandimprovingaccessibility.

Supporteconomicdevelopmentofthecountrybyconsideringfuturesocio-economicdevelopmentplansandpoliciesoftheGovernment.

Assesstheexistingcapacityoftheinfrastructureandaddcapacitytotheroadnetworkthroughwidening,improvingandnewroadconstruction.

Improveinstitutionalcapacitiesoftheroadadministration.

Ensurethattherequiredactionsaretakentoprotecttheenvironment.

Developthelocalroadconstructionindustry.

Itisplannedthat,by2020,SriLankawillhaveamodernnetworkofroadsthroughoutthecountrywhichwillenabletheaccelerationoftheeconomicgrowthwithreducedtraveltime,costandimprovedsafety.

addressing network Deficiencies and Improving road Sector FinancingTheexistinglevelsoftheroadnetworkwillbeevaluatedandamulti–facetedapproachwillbeadoptedinthedevelopmentoftheroadnetworkin

thecountry.Thisapproachincludesroadplanningandengineering,investmentandfinancialanalysis,economicevaluationandtrafficengineering.

Chart 4.1.1 percentage of national roads

in Good Condition/

Anexpresswaynetworkwithawellconnectednationalroadnetworkwillbedevelopedasthebackboneofthemovementofinputsandoutputsofeconomicactivities.Tosupportthisdevelopmentofexpressways,inter-regionalnationalhighwaysandprovincialroadshavebeentargetedasapriority.

Colombo–KatunayakaExpressway,OuterCircularHighwayandColombo–Mataraexpresswayareexpectedtobefullycompletedby2013.Further,theColombo–KandyExpressway,theNorthernExpressway(Ambepussa–Jaffna)andtheDambulla-TrincomaleeExpresswaywillbeconstructed.Thiswillbeapreludetoaneweraofconnectivitybetweentheregionsofthecountry.TheSouthernExpresswaywillbeextendedfromMataratoHambantotainordertoimprovetheconnectivitybetweenWesternandSouthernProvinces.

Rapidgrowthindemandfortransportwillbemetwithafourlaneroadnetwork.Also,newlinks,particularlyintheareasofindustrialgrowth,willbeprovided.

Thenetworkofruralroadswillbecompletedtofulfillthistaskandprovideimportantlinkagestogrowthcentres.InsupportingtheexpectedtownshipdevelopmentasinColombo,Dambulla,Hambantota,Trincomalee,Anuradhapura,Polonnaruwa,Jaffna

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andKegalle,theroadnetworkwithintheareaswillbeconvertedintofourlanestandard.TheproposedNational,ProvincialandRuralroadswillbeasfollows:

table 4.1.3 target lengths of roads

technicianswhoholdresponsibilityfordevelopmentoftheroadsector.Thiswillsolvetheproblemofdearthofskilledpersonnelintheindustry.TheUniversitiesofMoratuwa,Ruhuna,PeradeniyaandtheOpenUniversitywillbeprovidedwiththefinancialandotherrequiredfacilitiesforconductingresearchfordevelopmentofroadswithmoderntechnology.

private Contractors are encouraged to Contract out Maintenance and operations Useofmoremoderntechnologiesforroaddevelopmentwillbeensuredbyencouragingprivatesectorinvolvementintheroaddevelopmentindustry.Investmentopportunitiesforpublic-privatepartnershipsforexpresswaydevelopmentwillbeopened.Tolling,acommonmethodofcollectingrevenue,willbeusedtofinanceroadconstruction.NewmethodssuchastheuseoftheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)willbeintroducedtomakethisanevenmorepracticaltool.

establishing appropriate Social and environmental Management policies and practices Moreeffortswillbemadetoimprovetheenvironmentalfriendlinessofroadmaterialssuchasasphalt.Increasingawarenessoftheenvironmentaleffectsofpollutionwillleadtoastrongandgrowingdemandfortechnologiesthatofferthehighestinenvironmentallysafeproducts.

Southern expressway, nearing completion

type of the roads

length (km)2010

length (km)2015

length(km)2020

National 2,723 7,200 12,900

Provincial 1,706 7,900 17,000

Rural 20,000 30,000 40,000

Landusepatternsplayanimportantroleintheprovisionofroadlinks.Therefore,theywillbeassessedfromtimetotimetoimproveconnectivity.Toovercometheimmenseeconomiccostofbuildingandmaintainingroadinfrastructure,knowledgesharingwillbeundertakenbetweenrelevantpartieswithgreatexperience.

enhancing Institutional Capacities to Improving the performance of the road SectorStepshavealreadybeentakentomodernizeandimproveinstitutions'performancecoveringtheiractivitiessothattheykeeppacewithnewdevelopmentsandrequirements.Theseeffortswillbefurtherstrengthened.Reformsintheregulatoryframeworkoftheseagencieswillbeundertaken.Specialattentionwillbepaidforthedevelopmentofmanpowersuchasmanagers,engineersand

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expressway network in Sri lanka

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MahindaChintanaDevelopmentStrategyrecognizesthestrategicco-relationbetweentheinvestmentinroadsandeconomicgrowth.PublicinvestmentinroadsectorexpandedfromRs.18.8billiontoRs.100.4billionbetweentheyears2005and2009.Thisinvestmentenabledthecountrytowitnesstheemergenceofamodernroadsectorwiththecompletionof2,900kmofnationalhighways,1,706kmofprovincialroadsand35,755kmofruralroads.Overthenextfiveyearperiod,thepublicinvestmentinroadsectorisexpectedtogatherfurthermomentumwiththeinvestmentofRs.128billionin2011,movinguptoRs.174billionby2013andsustainapublicinvestmentlevelofRs.175-200billion,whichwouldthereafterhelpdevelopandmaintainthemodernroadnetwork.Thedevelopmentofanislandwideroadnetworkatnational,provincialandrurallevelisgivenprioritytoensurethatconnectivityisestablishedatalllevelstoenabletheentirecommunitytobenefit.Theunderlyingstrategicfeaturesintheroadsectordevelopmentstrategyforeconomicgrowtharethefollowing:

Thecompletionofthenationalexpressway(181km)connectingthetwointernationalairportslocatedatKatunayake(closeproximitytothecapitalcityofColombo)andatMattala(closeproximitytotheemergingportcityinHambantota)bypassingColomboviaKadawatha,KaduwelaandKottawathethreeemergingouterColombotownshipsandpassingthroughGalleandMatara,thetwoSouthernprovincialcitiesin2012.

WideningtheColombo-Kandyroadtoafourlaneexpresswaywithanumberofbypassestoavoidinter-citiestoensurethatthetraffictotheNorthernandUp-countryprovincesfromthecapitalcitymovesmoothly.

ExpandingexistingroadsinmajortownshipsparticularlyinColombotosixlanes,fourlanes,twolanesandwherenecessaryintroducebypasses,flyovers,andunderpassestomeetthegrowingtrafficdemandinurbanareas.

tHe StrateGIC poSItIonInG oF tHe CoUntrY’S

roaD network

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ThedevelopmentofanoutercircularfourlaneroadnetworkinmajortownshipssuchasKandy,Trincomalee,Kurunegala,AnuradhapuraandBadullaetc.,toexpandtheprovincialurbandevelopmentfrontiers.

Allexistingnationalroadstobeupgradedtoamodernstandardtogetherwiththeparalleldevelopmentinprovincialroadstoestablishthenecessaryconnectivitytoimprovethemobilityandtrafficefficiency.

ImplementingtheMagaNeguma,theruraldevelopmentinitiativetodevelopallruralandagriculturalroadnetworks,toimproveruralinfrastructuresettingasanintegralpartofempoweringthevillages(GamaNegumaprogramme).

Bulkofthefinancingforroadsectorisraisedfrombilateralandmultilateralsourcesonlongtermcreditatlowratesofinterest.SuchfundinghavebeenmobilizedfromtheWorldBank,AsianDevelopmentBank,Japan,China,Korea,Kuwaitandseveralotherbilateralsources.

Domesticprivatesectorconstructioncompaniesarealsoencouragedtoenterintoroadconstructiononaturnkeybasisandthroughlongtermfundingarrangements.

TheprovincialandruralroadfundingislargelyundertakenthroughNationalBudgetsupports.

Thefeasibilitystudiesarealsobeingundertakentostructurealternativefinancingforpublicprivatepartnershiparrangementstodevelopselectedroads.

AllocationsofresourcestoRoadmaintenanceTrustFundwillbeaugmentedtoensureadequatefundsarechanneledforroadmaintenance.

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Environmentaldegradationwillbelimitedbyplanningtoaccommodatethespecificecosystemswhereroadsareconstructedandmaintained.Studieswillbedonetoascertaininformationonhowroadsmayaffecttheecosystem.

Forthepreventionandmitigationofadverseimpactsofroadconstruction,operationandmaintenance,appropriatesocialandenvironmentalmanagementpoliciesandpracticeswillbeestablished.Bothsidesoftheroadswillbeadornedwiththeplantingofecofriendlytrees.

Developing and Implementing High Sustainable Standards of road Safety Monitoringofpatternsofpoorconditionsanddangeroustrafficareaswillbecontinuedtoidentifyhazardousroadandtrafficconditions.Roadsafetyauditswillberepeatedthroughouttheprocessofdesign,constructionandmaintenance.Analyzingofroadaccidentdataandtrafficpatternswillallowbetterroadmanagement.Atthesametime,highprioritywillbeaccordedtomaintenanceandrehabilitationoftheexistingroadnetworkpayingattentiontopedestriansafety.

Introducing proper traffic Management Systems Trafficmanagementmethods,suchasconstructionofflyovers,gradeseparatorinterchanges,trafficsignalingsystemsandpedestrianfacilities,willbecontinuedinurbanareasinparticular.Further,anAreaTrafficControlSystem(ATC)willbeestablished.Averagespeedofvehiclesinsidetheurbanareasisexpectedtobeincreasedbyusingsuchmethodssincethelowspeedsofvehiclescausetheemissionofharmfulgassesandloudnoises.Unnecessarytrafficofthehighlycongestedtownswillbereducedbycityoutercircularroads.Trafficconditionsurveysanddatacollectionwillbecarriedouttoidentifytheneedofsuchalternatives.

Consideringthecurrentleveloftraffic,outercitycircularroadswillbeconstructedaroundKandy,Hambantota,Kegalle,andKurunegalacities.TheoutercircularroadswhicharebeingconstructedaroundColomboandTrincomaleewillbecompletedby2013.

ensuring on time Completion of road projects Ontimecompletionofroadconstructionprojectswillbeensuredwiththesupplyofrequiredmaterial,machineryandmanpower.Theexistingcapacityofroadsectorcontractorswillbeincreasedbyprovidingpropertrainingopportunitiesandensuringtheusageofnewtechnology.

Grade separator interchange as a useful traffic management tool

Chart 4.1.2

road Sector Investments: 2011 – 2020

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activity / outcome Matrix of road Sector

policy Strategy activity time line

Addressingnetworkdeficienciesandimprovingroadsectorfinancing

n Development,construction,rehabilitationandmaintenanceofexpressways,interregionalnationalhighwayandotherroadswillbecontinued.Theentirenationalroadnetworkwillbeupgradedtosolidcondition.Provincialroadsconnectedwithgrowthcentreswillbeconvertedintonationallevelroads.Otherprovinciallevelroadswillberehabilitatedtofacilitatethedemand

n Newlinks,particularlyinareasofindustrialgrowthandagriculturedevelopmentcentreswillbeintroducedtospeedupmovementofmaterialsandproducts

n Connectiontothemissinglinks,bridgesandcross-drainageworkswillbeprovided

n Theexistingroadnetwork,built50yearsago,willbeconvertedtothemodernstandards

n Thedevelopmentofruralroadswillbecontinued

n Carefullyselectedandeconomicallymaintainablenewfourlaneroadswillbebuilt

n Identifyfuturelandusepattern

n Proposenewlinkstoidentifyregionalhubsandtakeactiontorealizethem

n Compareavailabilitywithrequiredroadcapacity

n Assessadequacyofthenationalroadnetworkandprovidenewlinkswherenecessary

n Simulatetrafficgrowthandflows

n Assessfundingrequirementsofroadsectordevelopments

n Conductconditionsurveys

n Identifylinkstobewidenedandcarryoutimprovement

n Preparetrafficforecasts

n Adoptaroadmaintenancemanagementsystem

2011-2016

2011-2020

Enhancinginstitutionalcapacitiestoimprovetheperformanceoftheroadsector

n Reformsofroadsectorinstitutionswillbeundertaken.Specialattentionwillbepaidonmanpowerdevelopment

DeterminestrategicobjectivesDeterminestaffstrengthandskillmixProvidetrainingincriticalareas

2011-2015

Encouragingprivatecontractorstocontractoutmaintenanceandoperations

n Investmentopportunitiesforthepublic-privatepartnershipforexpresswaydevelopmentwillbeopened

DefineroleofprivatesectorDevelopandpilottestPPPmodels

2015-2020

Minimizingdetrimentalimpactsontheenvironment

n Appropriatesocialandenvironmentalmanagementpoliciesandpracticesforpreventionandmitigationofadverseimpactsofroadconstruction,operationandmaintenancefortheprotectionofenvironment,communitiesandpubliclifewillbeestablished

n CarryoutEIAstudies

n Implementacodeofpracticeforenvironmentalprotection

2011-2016

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activity / outcome Matrix of road Sector

policy Strategy activity time line

Providinganacceptablelevelofsafetytoroadusers

n Highprioritywillbeaccordedtomaintenanceandrehabilitationoftheexistingroadnetworkpayingattentiontopedestriansafety

n Provideroadsignsandmarkings

n Implementroadsafetyprogrammestoreduceblackspots

2011-2020

Introducingpropertrafficmanagementsystems

n Trafficmanagementmeasuressuchasroadpricing,constructionofflyovers,fixingofsignallightsandtheconstructionofgradeseparatorinterchangeswillbeintroducedastheywillavoidunnecessarydelays

n Identifyandimprovejunctionswithroundaboutssignalizationandflyovers,andpedestrianfacilities

2012-2016

Ensuringontimecompletionofroadprojects

n Theexistingcapacityofroadsectorcontractorswillbeincreasedbyprovidingpropertrainingopportunitiesandensuringtheusageofnewtechnology

n Determinetheworkthatcanbeperformedbydomesticcontractors

n Studyofthedomesticcontractingindustry

n Takemeasurestopromotedomesticcontractors

2011-2015

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SriLankaisanislandstrategicallylocatedonthemaininternationalshippingrouteswithgreatpotentialtoconsolidateitspositionasamaritimeandaviationhub.

Thenationalpolicyofthegovernmentinthefirstplaceistoensurethattransportinfrastructurefacilitiesandservicesareadequatelydevelopedtomeetthedemandofthecommunity.Thesecondaspectofthepolicyistoprovideareliable,safeandspeedytransportsystemwhichiscomfortableandaffordabletothecommunityandtherebycontributetothegrowthoftheeconomy.

Nationaltransportincludesallthemodesoftransportincludingland,seaandair.Atpresent,thebusservice,whichcountsboththestateandprivatebuses,accountsforabout68percentofthetotaltransportationandcarryabout1728mnpassengersperannum.SriLankaRailwaysaccountsforaroundfivepercentofthetotaltransportationcarryingabout98mnpassengersperannum.Theremaining27percentissharedbetweensea,airandothermodesoftransport,carryingabout686mnpassengersperannum.

Chart 4.2.1 Distribution of public transport

4.2 transportation Hub

iamdeterminedtomakeourcountrythecentreoftheasiansilkrouteonceagaintakingadvantageofitsuniquegeographicallocation.iintendtodevelopitintoanavigation,aviation,tradingandcommercialcentrelinkingtheeastandtheWest

iwilltransformalltransportservicesincludingtrain,busandthreewheelers,intoanefficient,wellregulated,modernandimportantservices.informationtechnologywillbeintroducedasthebackboneofthepublictransportationprovidingmaximumbenefitstothepassenger.

Thetransportnetworkplaysavitalroleinsupportingeconomicgrowth,bylinkingpeopletojobs,deliveringproductstomarketsandsupportingdomesticandinternationaltrade.Transportalsopromotessocialcohesion,byprovidingaccesstokeyservices,suchashealthandeducationservices,shopsandleisurefacilities.Atthesametime,transporthasasignificantimpactontheenvironment,particularlythroughcarbonemissionsfrompetrolanddieselengines.

Other 27%

Private Bus45%

Railway5%

SLTB23%

SLTB

Railway

Private Bus

Other

(mahindaChintana2005,p63-66)

(mahindaChintana2010,p48)

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port Facilities Theislandhassixmajorports;Colombo,Hambantota,Galle,Trincomalee,KankasanthuraiandOluvil.Developmentofportinfrastructurehasbeengiventhehighestpriorityinrecentyears.KeyportdevelopmentalprojectsinprogressareColomboSouthHarbourProject(CSHP), HambantotaPortDevelopmentProject,OluvilPortDevelopmentProjectandGalleTouristPortDevelopmentProject.Thecompletionoftheseprojectswillincreasethecargohandlingcapacityby4.5mntonsperannum.

Chart 4.2.2 port performance in Container

Handling and transshipments

Tokeepupwiththeplanneddevelopmentactivities,thebudgetaryallocationstothePortsectorforthenextfewyearsshowanincreasingtrend.

Chart 4.2.3 expected public and private

Investment in ports

airport Facilities SriLanka’saviationsectorconsistsofoneinternationalairportand12domesticairports.BandaranaikeInternationalAirport(BIA)istheonlyinternationalairportinthecountryatpresentwhichhandlesaround4.5mnpassengersperyear.ThemodernizationandexpansionworkonBIAhasbeencontinuingforseveralyearsandtheconstructionofanewinternationalairportatMattala(witha4kmrunway)hasalreadybeencommenced.Budgetaryallocationsonaviationsectorfortheperiodof2011-2020showahigherparticipationbytheprivatesector.

Chart 4.2.4 expected public and private

Investment in aviation

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

2011-2013 2014-2016 2017-2020

Time Period (Years)

Public Private

Inve

stm

ent

(Rs

mn)

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

2011-2013 2014-2016 2017-2020

Public Private

Inve

stm

ent

(Rs.

mn)

Time Period (Years)

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Main ports and airports in Sri lanka existing and proposed railwaynetwork in Sri lanka

railway FacilitiesTherailwaynetworkconsistsof1447kmrailtrack,172majorstationsand161minorstations.Limitedrailwaynetworkandlowqualityoftheservicesmakeitanunattractivemodeoftransportationtobothpassengersandfreight.Annually,7-8percentoftrainservicesarecancelledandonlyamere30percentarriveontime.However,withtheextendingandupgradingofthenetwork,theaveragetravelspeedhasimprovedupto35-40kmph.

Bus FacilitiesTheSriLankaTransportBoard(SLTB)isoneofthemainstateorganizationsthatprovideapublicservice24hourseverydaythroughitsinstitutionalnetworkspreadedthroughouttheislandcoveringallpartsofthecountry.SLTBmaintainedthestatecontributioninpassengertransportwhichwas24percentin2009andactionwillbetakentoincreasethecontributionfurtherto25percentinyear2020.Currently,thereare5,000stateand17,500privatebusescontributingtopassengertransportation.

three wheeler FacilitiesThethreewheelerswereintroducedtothecountryin1978andthereare450,000atpresent.Amongthem,lessthan300,000arewithfourstrokeengines.

Thebudgetinvestmentinthetransportsectorshowsanincreasingtrend.

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Chart 4.2.5 expected Investment in transport

Keydevelopmentprojectsinprogressareshowninannex4.2.1.

Infrastructure and ServicesIntheprocessofensuringadequatetransportserviceatbothintraandextraislandlevel,theinfrastructurefacilitiesincludingtransportnetworks,portsandairportswillbestrengthenedthroughnewadditionsaswellasexpansionofexistingfacilities.Strategiestoimprovetheinfrastructureare:

Investmentintheinfrastructureandallocationsforoperationandmaintenancefortheentirenexttenyearperiod(2011-2020)issetatRs.3,226billion.ThisisRs.3,000billionmorethanthatofthepasttenyearperiod,representinganincreaseof98percent.

PrivatesectorparticipationwillbeenhancedbystrengtheningPublic-PrivatePartnerships(PPPs).

ForeignDirectInvestments(FDIs)willbeencouragedtoinvestinthetransportsector,especiallyinthedevelopmentofinfrastructureandservices.

Alltherailwaylineswillbeupgradedtodoubletracksandtheexistingrailwaynetworkwillbeextendedtoconnectcommercialportsandthemostimportantplacesinthecountry.AnewrailwaylinewillbeconstructedtoconnectTalaimannarandSouthIndia.

Allthemainrailwaystationswillberebuiltwithluxuryshoppingcomplexes,foodcafesandinternetcafes.

Underground station

MassRapidTransitUndergroundrailsystemwillbeconstructedinthecitylimitsconnectingotherraillinestherebylinkingallpartsofthecountry.

Multistoriedparkingforbusesandprivatevehiclesincludingthreewheelerswillbeprovided.

Buseswithagreaterseatingcapacity,television,radioandinternetfacilitieswillbeintroduced.

AllshipstravellingtoEurope,theFarEast,MiddleEast,Africa,AustraliaandthePacificRimcountrieswillbeservedbytheHambantotaandColomboportswhilethecapacityintheseportswillbeenhancedtoaccommodatemoderncontainervessels.

CargovillageswillbedevelopedinthevicinityofColombo,Hambantota,Galle,Trincomalee,KankasanthuraiandPointPedroports.

BandaranaikeInternationalAirportwillbedevelopedwithmodernterminalswithstate-of-the-artfacilitieswitheveryconceivableserviceincludingbanking,businessandIT,shopping,medicalcentres,restandrelaxationfacilitiessuchasswimmingpools,prayingandmeditationrooms,entertainmentfacilitiesinthenatureofcinemas,minigolfcourses,playareasforchildren,casinos,nightclubsandgeneralfacilitiesasinworldclassmodernairportstoday.

Utilization of existing resourcesTheoptimizationofresourceutilizationwillbeinitiatedintheuseofexistingresources.Integratingallmodesoftransportationsoastomakethebestuseoftheroutes

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availableandtherebyreducingthetotaltraveldistancewillbeencouragedbyprovidingastrongcoordinatingmechanismfortransportplanningandmanagement.

Inaddition,coordinationamongrelevantauthoritiesinvolvedinthetransportsectorwillenhancethecosteffectivenessoftheplannedtransportsystem.Thequalityofthepresentmodesoftransportationwillbeimproved.

Shuttleservicesbetweenairports,busstationsandrailwaystationswillbeintroduced.

Betterinlandwaterandcoastalwatertransportationsystemwillbeintroducedtoexploittheenormousnaturalresourcesavailable.AirTaxieswhichtakeofffromawaterbaseeitherNegombolagoon,theKelaniRiver,KoggalaorBentotawillbeintroducedtotransportvisitorsfromairportstodestinationsoftheirchoiceand

oldsignalingsystemwillbereplacedwithElectronicSignalingandGlobalPositioningSystems(GPS).Withregardtosecurity,asurveillancecamerasysteminpublictransportserviceswillbeintroducedwhichwillbeconnectedtoacentralcontrolfacilitythroughawirelesslink.

Infusion of Capital into new DevelopmentsTheinfusionofcapitalintonewdevelopmentswillbedoneinamoresystematicwaytoincreasethereturnoninvestment.

Asaninitiatingstep,agoverningbodyforalltransportoperationsandinfrastructureprovisionwillbeestablishedtocoordinateallaspectsinthetransportsectortoincreaseoverallefficiency.

Allnewinvestmentswillfollowpresetstandardproceduresandamonitoringandregulatingsystemwillbedevelopedtoassurethestandardsofthetransportsector.

provision of a Choice on Modes of transportComparedwiththepast,thechoicesavailabletotoday’susersonthemodeoftransporthavedevelopedconsiderably.Thedifferentmodesincludepipelinesforthetransportationofliquids,aircraftsforhighspeedlongdistancetravelandtrainsforlowercost,luxurybusesofferingcomfort,speed,flexibilityandthree wheelersfordoortodoorservices.Dependingonthespendingcapacity,nature,distanceoftravelaswellasothercircumstances,theseprovideachoiceofthemodeoftransportation.

ComplementarypublictransportsystemslikeBusRapidTransit(BRT),LightRailTransit(LRT)andMassRapidTransit(MRT)systemswillbeintroducedtoColomboandsuburbsprovidingmorechoicesofdifferentmodes.

AmonorailtransportsystemforColomboandthesuburbswillbeintroducedasahighspeedtransportationmode.

Air Taxies

tobothrevealandshowcasethebeautyofthecountry.

Improvement in Safety and SecurityToimprovethesafetyandtheconcernsofallusers,safetystandardswillbeestablishedtominimizeboththeoccurrenceofaccidentsandprevalenceofpassengerinjuriespervehicle–kilometer.Thetotalnumberofpersonskilledorseriouslyinjuredinroad/railaccidentswillbereducedbyatleast95percentby2020comparedwiththatof2005.

Newtechnology(IntelligentTransportSystem,ITS)intrafficcontrolandtheroadsystemwillbeintroducedtoreducethenumberofaccidents.Accordingly,the

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Continual Development and ModernizationTheprocessofensuringcontinuityofsystematicplanningandresearchforthecontinualdevelopmentandmodernizationwillbeassistedbyprovidingresourcestoconductresearchinareasrelatedtotransport.

Railwaystationsandmainbusstandswillbeupgradedtoactascommercialcenterswithshoppingcomplexes,hotelsandotherluxuryfacilities,includingwirelessinternetaccess.Thesectorwillintroduceselfoperatede-ticketingsystemanddeveloptheexistingSMS-ticketingtoreducelongqueuesandticketlesstravel.

Inadditiontotherailwaystationsandbusstands,thewirelessinternetaccessfacilitywillbeintroducedintothemobileunitswherethepassengerscouldcarryouttheirnormaldailyactivitiesaswellasentertainmentthroughoutthejourney.

Development of Human and physical resourcesImplementingstateoftheartsystemsinthesectorwillnecessitatedevelopmentofhumanandphysicalresourcestoahigherlevel.Intheprocess,aninstitutionalreformprogrammewillbeintroducedbyupgradingthecapacityoftheworkforcetodeliverabetterservicewithinthegovernmentsystem.

AMaritimeTrainingandEducationInstitutewillbeestablishedtotrainprofessionallyqualifiedseafarersgivingthemtheopportunitytobecomehighrankingofficersinthemaritimefield.

AresearchstationwillbeestablishedundertheMinistryofTransporttocarryoutresearchonfindingouttheinnovativemoderntechnologies,useoflowcost,highqualitylocalmaterialsinthemanufacturingprocess.

Improved SustainabilitySustainabilityisconsideredasoneofthemostcriticalfactorsinimplementingnewsystemsinanysector.Inthetransportsector,sustainabilitycouldbesegmentedintodifferentareas;environment,projectandusersustainability.

A Monorail

Thedemandforanymodeoftransportwillbebalancedbyanincreaseinvehiclefleet,increaseindomesticlightpassengertransportandprovisionofrollingstocks,whichwillindirectlyincreasethenumberofchoices.

Inaddition,timetablesofarrivalsanddeparturesofthedifferentmodesoftransportationwillbedisplayedusingelectronicdisplayboardstoimprovethecommunicationinformationtoenablegeneralpublictomakethebestchoice.

Competitiveness among Modesand providersInmosteconomicactivities,competitivenesscreatesanimprovedproductoraservice.Transportation,whichisoneofthekeyservicesectorsoftheeconomy,willalsoadoptthesameconcepttoimprovetheservicesprovidedbycreatingcompetitivenessamongthemodesoftransportationandserviceproviders.

Improvedcustomersatisfactionwillbecreatedbyprovidingbetterfacilitiesandmoreoptionstotheuserandasignificantshiftinprivatetopublictransportationwillbeexperiencedby2020.

Therailwaysystemwillbeimprovedtofacilitatethetransportationofgoods/cargo,therebyreducingthemovementofcontainersandeasingtheburdenonroadsaswellascreatingcompetitivenessbetweendifferentmodes.Competitivenesswillbeenhancedthoughencouragingprivatesectorparticipationandforeigndirectinvestments.

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Environmentalsustainabilitywillbeachievedthroughtheuseofelectricvehiclesandhybridvehiclesinthetransportsectortoincreasetheefficiencyandreducepollution.Currentvehicleemissionstandardswillbereviewedandthestandardswillbemademorestringenttomakeforabetterenvironment.

ProjectfinancialsustainabilitywillbeachievedthroughtheCongestionPricingorCongestionChargeswhichisasystemofsurchargingusersofatransportnetworkinperiodsofpeakdemandtoreducetrafficcongestion.Thisincludessometoll-likeElectronicRoadPricing(ERP)fees,andhigherpeakchargesforutilities,publictransportandairports.Thisvariablepricingstrategyregulatesdemand,makingitpossibletomanagecongestionwithoutincreasingsupply.

Inadditiontoallthesemeasures,sustainabilityoftheuserswillbeachievedthroughencouragingpublictousepublictransportationservicesinsteadofprivatevehiclesandencouragewalkingandcyclingastransportationmodeswhichwillenhancetheeconomicandhealthaspectsoftheuser.Inthiscontext,newfootpathsandbicyclepathswillbeestablished.

Electronic Road Pricing system

Sectorial IntegrationTheinterdependentnatureofdevelopmentactivitiesencouragesensuringtheintegrationoflandusedevelopment,employmentpoliciesanduseofinformationandcommunicationtechnologytoreducethedemandfortravel.E-mailandinternethavealreadyenabledtheuserstodotheirday-to-dayactivitiesfromhomearoundtheclockratherthanrunningaroundinthebusycongestedtransportationsystemsduringworkinghours.

Pedestrian and cyclist paths

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Sector priorities Strategy activities outcome Indicators

Infrastructureandservices

n Strengtheninfrastructurethoughnewadditionandexpansionofexistingfacilities.

n EncouragePublic-PrivatePartnerships(PPPs)

n EncourageForeignDirectInvestments(FDIs)

n Upgraderaillinesasdoubletracks

n ConstructnewraillinkbetweenTalaimannarandSouthIndia.

n ConstructMassRapidTransportsystem(MRT)underthegroundincitylimits

n Providemultistoriedparking

n Introducebuseswithagreaterseatingcapacity

n No.ofnewadditions

n Handlingcapacity

n Privatesectorinvestment

n No.ofparkingfacilities

n Utilizationratios

n Newemployment

Utilizationofexistingresources

n Integrateallmodesoftransportation

n Provideastrongcoordinatingmechanismfortransportplanningandmanagement.

n Coordinateamongrelevantauthoritiesinvolvedinthetransportsector

n Enhancequalityofthepresentmodesoftransportation

n Introduceshuttleservicesbetweenairports,busstationandrailwaystations

n Introducebetterinlandwaterandcoastalwatertransportationsystem

n Introduceairtaxieswhichtakeofffromawaterbase

n No.ofinlandwater-bodiesused

n Utilizationratios

Improvesafetyandsecurity

n safetystandardswillbeestablished

n Introducenewtechnology(IntelligenttransportSystem,ITS)intrafficcontrolandtheroadsystem

n IntroduceEectronicSignalingandtheGlobalPositioningSystem(GPS)

n Introduceasurveillancecamerasystemtopublictransportservices

n No.ofaccidents

n Sequenceofdelays

n No.ofsecurityrelatedcasesidentified

Infusionofcapitalinnewdevelopments

n Establishagoverningbodyforalltransportoperationsandinfrastructureprovision

n Developmonitoringandregulatingsystemtoassurethestandardsofthetransportsector

n Introducenewdevelopmentsinamoresystematicwaytoincreasethereturnoninvestment

n Implementationofthecentralgoverningbody

n ReturnofInvestment(ROI)ofnewprojects

ActivityOutcomeMatrixofTransportSector

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Sector priorities Strategy activities outcome Indicators

Provideachoiceofmodesoftransport

n Enhancedifferentmodes

n Improvecustomersatisfactionbyprovidingbetterfacilitiesandmoreoptionstotheuser

n Enhancethecommunicationinformationtoenablethepublictomakethebestchoice

n IntroduceBusRapidTransit(BRT)

n IntroduceLightRailTransit(LRT

n IntroduceMassRapidTransit(MRT)toColomboandsuburbs

n ConnectLightRailTransit(LRT)lineswiththeMRTnetwork

n Introduceamonorailtransportsystemasahighspeedmode

n Increasevehiclefleet

n Providerollingstocksfordomesticlightpassengertransport

n Displaytimetablesofthearrivalsandthedeparturesofdifferentmodesoftransportationusingelectronicdisplayboards

n No.ofintegrations/connectivity

n Publicaccessibility

Competitivenessamongmodesandproviders

n Createcompetitivenessamongthemodesoftransportationandserviceproviders

n Improvecustomersatisfactionandprovidebetterfacilitiesandmoreoptions

n Encourageprivatesectorparticipationandforeigndirectinvestment

n Improvetherailwaysystemtofacilitatethetransportationofgoods/cargo

n Privatesectorinvestment

Continualdevelopmentandmodernization

n Provideresourcestoconductresearchonareasrelatedtotransport

n Upgraderailwaystationsandmainbusstandstoactascommercialcenters

n Introducemoderntechnologytoreducelongqueuesandticketlesstravel

n Introduceshoppingcomplexes,hotelsandotherluxuryfacilitiesincludingwirelessinternetaccesstobusstandsandrailwaystations

n Introduceselfoperatede-ticketingsystem

n DeveloptheexistingSMS-ticketing

n IntroducewirelessInternetaccessfacilityintothemobileunits

n Noofmodernizedrailwaystations/busstands

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Sector priorities Strategy activities outcome Indicators

Development ofhuman&physicalresources

n Implementstateoftheartsystemstodevelophumanandphysicalresourcestoahigherlevel

n Introducethenewtechnologytothetransport

n Introduceaninstitutionalreformprogramme

n EstablishaMaritimeTrainingandEducationInstitute

n Establisharesearchstationtoidentifynewtechnologiesintheconstructionfield

n No.oftrainingprogrammesheld

n Accessibility

n Newemployment

Improvedsustainability

n Achieveenvironmentalsustainability

n Reviewcurrentvehicleemissionstandards

n Achieveprojectfinancialsustainability

n Achieveusersustainabilitythroughencouragingpublictousepublictransportationservicesinsteadofprivatevehiclesandencouragewalkingandcycling

n Introducetheuseofelectricvehiclesandhybridvehicles

n IntroduceCongestionPricingorCongestionCharges,ElectronicRoadPricing(ERP)fees,andhigherpeakchargesforutilities,publictransportandairports.

n Implementemissiontaxonfuel

n Establishnewfootpathsandbicyclepaths

n No.ofelectric/hybridvehicles

n Minimumlimitsofgreenhousegasemissions

n Energyconsumption

Sectorialintegration

n Integraterelatedareastoreducethedemandfortravel

n Integratedevelopmentactivitiesofthetransportsectorintothenationalmasterplan

n Enhancee-mailandinternetfacilities

n Implementmasterplan

n Implementationofmasterplan

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annex 4.2.1: Keydevelopmentprojectsinprogress

Domain project activities Investment

PortColomboSouthHarbour

Constructionof;n Anewharbourbasinareaof285hectareswith570m

wideapproachchannel

n Anewmajorbreakwaterandsmallbreakwater

n Anewmarineoperationscentre

n Threecontainerterminals

Domestic:19,800mn

Foreign:Rs.33,000mn(ADB)

Private:Rs.33,000mn

PortofHambantota

Constructionof;n Abreakwaterwith1000mlengthn Twobrethsandanapproachchannel

n Harbourbasinanddredgedupto16m

Domestic:Rs.8,442mn

Foreign:Rs.33,770mn(EXIMBankofChina)

PortofOluvil

Constructionof;n Twobreakwaters-550mlengthand755mlength

n Dredging8moftheharbourbasintoaccommodate5000DWTvesslesinthefirstphaseand16,000DWTvesselsinthesecondphase.

Domestic:Rs.1,238mn

Foreign:Rs.4,950mn(Netherlands)

PortofGalle

Constructionof;n Amulti-purposeterminalandabreakwater

n Channelandharbourbasindredging

n Procurementofequipmentandnavigationalaids

Domestic:Rs.3,382mn

Foreign:Rs.13,530mn(JICA)

KankasanthuriHarbour(KKS)

n Repairthemainbreakwaterandexistingstructureintheharbour

n RemovethethreesunkenvesselslayingclosetotheKKSPort

Domestic:Rs.20mn

Foreign:Rs.80mn

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Domain project activities Investment

AviationBandaranaikeInternationalAirport

PhaseII/stageIIconstructionof:n Newpassengerterminalbuilding

n Aircraftparkingapron

n Roadandmulti-levelcarparking

n Airnavigationsystems

n Powersupplysystem

n Watersupplysystem

n Sewagetreatmentsystem

Domestic:Rs.4,528mnForeign:Rs.25,656mn

MattalaInternationalAirport

Constructionof:n 4kmrunway

n Airportparkingapron

n Taxiwayconnectingtotherunwayandapron

n Terminalbuilding,cargostorage,fuelfarmandfireservicesbuilding

Domestic:Rs.18,984mnForeign:Rs.4,746mn(EXIMBankofChina)

Railway

NorthernRailwayLine:

OmanthaitoPallai(90km)andPallaitoKankasanthurai(72km)

n Layingoftrack

n Formationofembankment,constructionofsixrailwaystations,twosubstations

n Rebuildingamajorbridge,tenminorbridges

n Installationofasignalingsystem

OmanthaitoPallai:Domestic:Rs.4,181mnForeign:Rs.16,724mn(India)

PallaitoKankasanthurai:Domestic:Rs.5,537mn

Foreign:Rs.22,148mn(India)

MedawachchiyatoMadu(43km)and

MadutoThalaimannar(65km)

n De-miningofthetrace

n LayingoftrackwithUIC60kgrails,welded,withconcretesleepersandelasticfastenings

n Installationofasignalingsystem

MadawachchiyatoMadu:Domestic:Rs.1,831mn

Foreign:Rs.7,322mn(India)

MadutoThalaimannar:Domestic:Rs.3,390mn

Foreign:Rs.13,560mn(India)

MovingEducationTowards CreatingKnowledgeandSkills

UniversityEducationforKnowledge

BuildingaCompetitiveWorkforceThrough TechnologyEducationandSkillsDevelopment

ModernEconomyThroughScienceand TechnologicalInnovation

5. Focus on moderneducationand knowledgesystems

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iwillnotdepriveourchildrenoftheirrighttofreeeducation…….allmahaVidyalayasandcentralcollegeswillbefullydevelopedwithallmodernfacilities.sciencelaboratoriesforadvancedlevelstudents,languagecentreswithfacilitiestoteachsinhala,tamilandenglish,computerlaboratories,libraryandsportscentreswillbeamongsuchfacilities.

(mahindachintana2005,p69)

theeducationsystemshouldnotbefocusedonthenexttenyearsbutshouldbefocusedonthenextcentury.istronglybelievethatweneedtoassesshowproductiveisthetimespentbyastudenttodayforhisorherfuture.iwillintroducereformsthatcoverthenumberofclassroomsandtheexaminationsystemtoensurethatstudentsarenotvulnerablewithinthesystem.

(mahindachintana2010,p72)

5.1 Moving Education Towards creating Knowledge and skills

SriLanka’sgeneraleducationsystemhasmadeimportantgainsintherecentpast.Theproportionofstudentscompletingthebasiceducationcycle(grade1-9)hasrisenfromabout78percentin2005toover91percentin2009.Genderparityishighintheeducationsystem.LearningoutcomesinprimaryeducationinFirstLanguage,MathematicsandEnglishhaveincreasedsignificantlybetweentheyears2005-2009.

statistics on schools

category 2005 2009

No.ofSchools 9,732 9,662

-NationalSchools 324 330

-ProvincialSchools 9,399 9,332

No.ofTeachers 189,234 212,683

No.ofNavodyaSchools 388 515

Fee-levyingPrivateSchools 26 36

No.ofSchoolswithComputerLabs 1,147 2,033

No.ofSchoolswithEnglishMediumClasses

359 449

Student/TeacherRatio 21 18

Table 5.1.1

Source: Ministry of Education

ThecontinuedincreaseininvestmentintheeducationsystemhasplacedSriLankarelativelyabovetheeducationalattainmentsinmanycountriesintheSouthandSouthEastAsianRegion.TheGlobalCompetitiveReport(2008),whichsurveyed131

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Table 5.1.2. competitiveness Indices in the Region 2008/2009

Source: Global Competitive Report

country Quality of

primary

education

Quality of

Mathematics

and science

education

Quality of the

educational

system

SriLanka 42 41 44

India 80 17 37

Thailand 80 17 37

Malaysia 23 21 18

Giventheincreasingeconomicintegrationandtheemergenceofinformationandknowledgebasedeconomiesandlifestyles,theeducationalneedsatalllevelshavechangedsignificantly.Thistransformationhasposednewchallengesaswell.

Towards2020,ourlivesandworkingpatternsareboundtochangewithbothemergingtechnologiesandchangingmarketsfortheskillsandincomeofourpeopleasamiddleincomecountry.Thus,oureducationsystemshouldhelpchildrentogrowoutofrelativedependenceontheirparentsandteacherstomatureasindependentlearners,withtheskillstoadapttoachangingenvironmentinthesociety.

Table 5.1.3 The Education strategy Aims for Higher Level

Educational Attainment

Indicator 2000 Target

2010

AdultLiteracyRate 94% 97%

Netenrollmentinkindergartens(5-6

yearsold)

81% 98%

NetPrimaryEnrolment 92% 98%

Primaryschoolcompletionrate 66% 85-95%

Netlowersecondaryenrolment 74% 90%

Percentoflowersecondaryenrolment

insemi-publicandprivateschools

- 20-40%

Netuppersecondaryenrolment 38% 50%

Percentoftrainedworkinglabourforce 19% 42%

Thegovernmentaimsataneducationsystemthatwillprovidethecompetenciesandtechnologicalskillsrequiredforrapideconomicandsocialdevelopmentofthepeople.Thus,theeducationpolicyaimsatcreatingaknowledge-basedsociety,witheducationalinstitutionsproducingaworkforcewithrequiredskillstofacetheemergingchallengesinthesociety.Itrecognizesthenecessityofpromotingequityandenhancingthequalityandrelevanceofeducation,whileimprovinggovernanceinservicedelivery.Thepolicyalsoaimsatpromotingvaluesandattitudesneededbyindividualstoliveinpeaceandharmonyinadisciplinedsociety.

Theschoolsystemnowneedssubstantialmodernizationtocreatethehumancapitalfoundationsofaknowledgehub.Totopuptheachievementsofthegeneraleducationsystemintermsofequity,qualityandefficiencymeasures(e.g.enrolment,survivalandstudentlearningoutcomes),thesystemstillneedstomakesignificantattemptstoensureaccessandfullparticipation,raiseachievementlevelsandreduceregionaldisparities.Thiswillensurethehumancapitalformationandaccumulationthroughgeneraleducationtocontributetotheknowledgehubandtherebytothelocalandglobaleconomy.

countriesintheworld,positionedSriLankaat44intermsofqualityoftheeducationsystem.Intermsofthequalityofprimaryeducation,inMathematicsandScience,SriLankahasbeenpositionedat42and41,respectively.

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Policy Direction

srilankawillmovetowardsaqualityandstudentfriendlyeducationsystemwhichcontributestoaknowledgeeconomyandprovidestherequiredskillsandvirtuestofacetheemergingneedsofamodernglobalknowledgeeconomy.

The future education system will therefore be characterized by the following features -

nallchildrencompletetheirprimaryandsecondaryeducationsuccessfullywithoutbeingvulnerableasaresultoftheirsocio-economicbackground,genderorethnicity

neducationservicesaredesignedaroundtheneedsofeachchild,withtheexpectationthatalllearnersachievehighstandards

nallchildrenandyoungpeopleleavetheschoolwithfunctionalskillsinEnglishandMathematics,understandingofhowtolearn,thinkcreatively,takerisksandhandlechange

n teachersusetheirskillsandknowledgetoengagechildrenandyoungpeopleaspartnersinlearning,actingquicklytoadjusttheirteachinginresponsetopupils’learning

neducationalapplicationsofrapidlyadvancingtechnologyareregularlyupdatedandoptimallyusedintheteachingandlearningprocess

Inordertorealizetheseobjectives,theEducationSectorDevelopmentFrameworkandProgramme(ESDFP)willbecontinuedinthenext10years.TheESDFPwillmainlyfocuson(a)increasingequitableaccesstobasic(grades1-5)andsecondary(grades6-13)education,(b)improvingthequalityofeducation,(c)enhancingeconomicefficiencyandequityofresourceallocationand(d)strengtheningservicedeliveryandmonitoringandevaluation.

Underthisprogramme,itisplannedtoincreasetheGCEO/Lpassratefrompresentlevelof52percentto65percentandGCEA/Lpassratefromthepresentlevelof60percentto75percentby2020whileincreasingrelevanceofsecondaryeducationtothelabourmarketrequirements.

continued free education policies -Equitableaccesstolearningopportunitiesisessentialforthecountry’sdevelopment.Totalenrolmentatthepre-primary,primaryandsecondaryschoollevelsisneededaswellasgreaterenrolmentintertiaryandpost-secondaryeducationalprogrammesisalsonecessary.Thiswillimprovethelevelofskillsandcompetenciesofthepopulation.Freeeducationpolicieswillcontinuewithadequatesupportforstudentsfromlowincomefamiliesanddisadvantageouscircumstancestoimprovetheaccessibilityandequalityamongchildreninclassrooms.Out-ofschoolchildrenwillbefurtherreducedwhilepromotingtheretentionofthosere-admittedtotheschools.

Ensuring the availability of trained and qualified teachers for all schools -Asignificantincreaseinthenumberofteachersingovernmentschoolswaswitnessedfrom2005to2010.Thishasresultedinimprovingthestudentteacherratiofrom21in2005to18in2010.However,non-availabilityofteachersforspecializedsubjectssuchasMathematics,ScienceandIThasbecomeanobstacletoprovidequalityeducation.

Alltheteachersintheeducationsystemwillbetrainedandequippedwiththemodernmethodologiesinteachingduringthenextthreeyears.Thiswillleadtoanacceleratedpromotionofskillsamongstudentswhileimprovingtheirknowledgeinotherkeysubjects.Pre-serviceteachereducationprogrammeswillbeupgradedtodegreeawardinglevelwhilestrengthening

chart 5.1.1. Target Investment 2011 -2015

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Table 5.1.4.

Teacher Development Targets

2009 2020

No.ofteachers 215,916 225,000

Graduateteachers 74,531 125,000

Trainednon-graduates 134,213 100,000

Untrainednon-graduates 11,083 0

Scienceteachers 12,444 27,000

Mathteachers 12,890 27,000

Englishteachers 13,723 30,000

Governmentplanstosetupapoolofteachingprofessionalscomprisingretiredprincipals,teachersandretiredintellectualsofstateandbankingsectors.TheirhonoraryservicewillbeutilizedtoconductEnglishmediumteachinginA-levelclassesingovernmentschoolsG

Year 2005 2009 2020

GECA/L(percentqualifiedfor

universityentrance)

59.2 60.3 75

GECO/L(percentqualifiedforGCEA/L)

47.7 52.5 65

Table 5.1.5Performance of students at

GcE o/L and A/L - 2005 to 2009 & 2020

Transforming the school system - Theexistingschoolsnetworkofthecountrywillbemodernizedovertimewithallfacilities,suchaswaterandsanitation,childfriendlyclassrooms,modernlibraries,sciencelaboratoriesandsportfacilities.TheGovernmentplanstodevelop1,000existingschoolsashighperformingnuclearschoolsthroughoutthecountryandaffiliateseveraldistanceschoolstothesenuclearcentrestominimizethehighdemandfornuclearschoolslocatedintheurbanareas.TheseschoolswillprovidehighqualitytraininginkeysubjectssuchasScience,English,ICTandSports.Thisisdesignedtoeliminatetheregionaldisparitiesintheeducationsystemandyieldpositivebenefitstochildren.SchoolsselectedfordevelopmentunderexistingprogrammesofIsuruSchools,NationalSchoolsandNavodyaSchoolswillbemergedwiththisprogrammewhichwillensureholisticqualitydevelopmentintheselectedschools.

Selectionofschoolswillbebasedonamappingexerciseandatleast3primaryschoolswillbeidentifiedasfeederschoolstoeachselectedsecondaryschooltobedeveloped.

Table 5.1.6

no. of schools to be Developed in Each Province

Province no Province no

Sabaragamuwa 113 Uva 88

NorthCentral 82 NorthWestern 127

Eastern 103 Northern 90

Southern 110 Central 153

Western 134 Total 1000

Underthisprogramme,allprimaryschoolswillbeseparatedfromthesecondaryschoolsandmanagedseparately.

school-basedteacherdevelopment.Aneffectiveframeworkwillbeestablishedfor(a)improvingthesubjectcontent,knowledge,pedagogicalskillsandmotivationofteachersand(b)theemploymentanddeploymentofteachersaccordingtotheeducationalrequirementsofthesystem.

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2005 2010

3–5yearpre-schoolchildren 58 67

5yearchildren 90 98

Primarynetenrolment 95 98

Lowersecondaryenrolment 82 90

Uppersecondaryenrolment 45 50

Post-lower-secondaryenrolmentin

vocationaltraining

15 25

Technicaltrainingenrolmentafterupper

secondaryschool

10 15

Numberofstudents(Highereducation)

per10,000population

140 200

Table 5.1.7 Enrolment (% of the official age group):

Improving private sector participation in formal education - Whilethepubliceducationsystemwillremainasthepredominantserviceprovider,privateschoolsthatareoperatedunderthestateregulationsandstandardswillbeencouragedtoprovideeducationalfacilitiesforstudentswhoprefertostudyintheseschools.

Diversification of curriculum for students to have options -ThequalityofbasicandsecondaryeducationwillbeimprovedthroughdiversificationofthecurriculumandimprovingtheachievementlevelsofthestudentsinsecondaryschoolsinEnglish,Science,Mathematics,ICT,andManagement.

Improving assessment systems Thereisaneedforimprovingassessmentsystemsalongwithcurriculumdiversification.Thiswillpromoteperformanceassessmentsatschoollevelandpublicexaminationswithalternativeproficiencylevelsforstudentstohaveoptions.Forthispurpose,schoollevelprofessionalcapacitiesonmanagement,planning,monitoringandevaluation,andteachingwillbestrengthened.

Extending age limit for compulsory education Thepresentagelimitofcompulsoryeducationfixedat14yearswillbeextendedtotheordinarylevelexaminationorto16years.

Thesoftskillsrequiredbyemployers,suchasteamwork,communication,leadershipandentrepreneurialabilityofstudents,aretobeimprovedthroughspecialtailormadeprogrammes.

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Integrating technology learning as a part of basic education Schoolswillbeencouragedtouseforemosttechnologyinclassroomstoenhancethedeliveryofeducation.Thecomputerwillbeanessentialdeviceforeveryclassroominsecondaryschools(fromgrade6to13).Inaddition,multimediaandcomputeraidedlearningmaterials,approvedbytherelevantauthority,willextensivelybeusedinclassroomeducation.Technologylearningwillgraduallybeintroducedintoeverystudent'sbasiceducationalcurriculumtoprovidethemwithrequiredskillsandvirtuestofacetheemergingneedsinthefutureeconomicmilieu.

Government,inpartnershipwithprivatesectorwilldevelopnecessarycommunicationtechnologyandmultimediaresourcestohelpstudentslearningintheclassroomandalternateprogrammedeliverysuchasdistancelearning.

Improving language learning Bilingualeducationwillbepromoted.LanguagelaboratoriesareexpectedtobeestablishedineveryeducationdivisiontoprovideopportunitiesforchildrentolearnnotonlyEnglishbutalsoSinhala,Tamilandotherforeignlanguages.Curriculawillalsobeimprovedtodevelopdignityoflabour,selfconfidence,creativity,leadershipskills,quantitativeskillsandpositiveconceptsamongchildren.Specialteachingandsupervisionmethodologiestoassiststudentswhofailallsubjects,asaresultoflacunaintheeducationenvironmentandtheenvironmentathome,willbedevelopedandintroduced.

Improving information systems -Adynamicon-lineinformationcentrewillbeestablishedintheMinistryofEducationtoprovidenecessaryinformationandmaterialforstudents,teachers,parentsandschooladministrators.Thelatestandmostreliableinformationinrelationtoschoolsandschoolbasedassessments,postsecondaryeducationplanning,apprenticeshiptraining,careerplanning,curriculum,teachingresources,examsandhealthandsafetymeasureswillbedisseminatedtostudents,teachers,parentsandschooladministratorsthroughthison-lineinformationcentre.

Preparing students for the job market or further studies through career study programmes - Careerstudyprogrammeswillpreparestudentsforthejobmarketorfurtherstudiesandenablethemtoexploreawiderangeofcareeroptions.Theseprogrammeswillbedevelopedandimplementedintheeducationsystemwiththeassistanceoftheprivatesector,professionalsandindustries.

new Education Act to solve inherent issues in general education - GovernmenthasalreadyappointedaParliamentarySelectCommitteewiththeobjectiveofidentifyingnecessaryreformstoaddresscurrentchallengesandsolvetheinherentproblemsingeneraleducation.Accordingly,anewEducationActwillbepresentedtoParliamentsoon.

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Policy

objective

strategy Target / outcome 2020

Increase

access to basic

(grades 1-5)

and secondary

(grades 6-13)

education

Increasethenumberofgoodqualitysecondaryschools-

450schoolsby2013

700schoolsby2016

1,000schoolsby2020.

Anetworkof1,000highqualitysecondaryschools

linkedtoabout4,000wellperformingprimary

schools

Facilitateprivatesectortoprovideeducationalfacilities

forstudentswhoprefertostudyinprivateschools

Increasednumberofstudentsinprivateschoolsto

80,000.

nExtendtheperiodofcompulsoryeducationfrom

6-14yearsto6-16years

nContinuefreeeducationpoliciesfor

uniforms,textbooksetc

nExtendedperiodofcompulsoryeducationto

6-16years

nNo.ofstudentsbenefitedfromfreeeducation

policies300,000

Improve the

quality of

basic and

secondary

education

nReviewanddiversifyexistingcurriculum

nFurtherstrengthenteachingandlearningofEnglishas

asecondlanguageatschoollevel

nDevelopScienceandMathematicsteaching

methodologies

nDeveloplaboratoryfacilitiesof1,000schoolsand

providesciencemobilelaboratoriesfor3140schools

nEstablisha"ModelICTlearningenvironment"within

thespecialprogrammeofimproving1,000schools

throughprovisionandreplacementofICTequipment

nImplementeducationalsoftwaredevelopment

programme

nImplementspecialprogrammestoimprovesoft

skills-teamwork,communication,leadershipand

entrepreneurialabilityofstudents

nImprovedGCEO/Lpassratefrom52%to65%by

2020

nImprovedGCEA/Lpassratefrom60%to75%by

2020

nImprovedMinimumlaboratoryfacilitiesforall

schoolswillbeensured

nAllschoolscomfortablyadoptICTforacademic

andadministrativepurposes

nExtendedICTasatechnicalsubjectforGCEO/L

nEstablishedproperscienceandmathematics

educationinallsecondaryschools

nImprovedsoftskillsofstudents

Teacher

development

nEstablishaneffectiveframeworkfor(a)improvingthe

subjectcontentknowledge,pedagogicalskillsand

motivationofteachersand(b)theemploymentand

deploymentofteachersaccordingtotheeducational

requirementsofthesystem

nConducttrainingprogrammeforallteachers

nTrain1,000youngmenandwomenintheplantation

sectorwhohavetherequiredqualificationstoteach

keysubjectsintheTamilmedium

nImprovedknowledgeandskillsofteachers

nDeploymentofadequatenumberofteachers

toteachthemainsubjectssuchasEnglish,

Mathematics,ScienceandIT

school based

assessment

nStrengthenschoolbasedassessment

nDevelopspecialteachingandsupervision

methodologiestoassiststudentswhofailallsubjects

nMinimizednumberofstudentswhofailallsubjects

strengthen

service

delivery

nConductprogrammestostrengthenmanagementand

leadershipskillsofschoolprincipals,sectionheads,

andmanagerialandadministrativestaff.

nDevelopandimplementamedium-termHRDplanfor

theeducationsector

nImprovedmanagementandleadershipskillsof

schoolprincipals,sectionheads,andmanagerial

andadministrativestaff

Improve

information

system

nEstablishdynamicon-lineinformationcentre

nDevelopandimplementcareerstudyprogrammes

nNecessaryinformationandmaterialforstudents,

teachers,parentsandadministratorsareprovided

online

nStudentspreparedforthejobmarketorfurther

studies

Activity-outcome Matrix

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5.2 university Education for Knowledge

therighttopursuehigherstudiesbyallstudentswhopasstheadvancedlevelhastobeprotected….asafirststepofthisprogramme,iintendtoincreasingthenumberofstudentstobeenrolledintotheuniversitiesbycommencingnewcoursesandexpandingthepresentfacilities.

(mahindachintana2010,p75)

(mahindachintana2005,p72)

ifirmlybelievethatacountry’sachievementsarebasedonorganizingitsmanpowerefficientlyandeffectively.inthiscontext,theuniversityisthecentreofgeneratinganddisseminatingknowledge.ialwaysbelievethattheaimofuniversityeducationistocreatesomeonewhocouldseetheworldbeyonditshorizon.universitiesshouldnotbefactoriesthatcreatetechniciansforemployment.

overview

Theroleofhighereducationasamajordriverofeconomicdevelopmentiswellestablished.Thisrolewillincreasefurtherwithemergingchangesintechnologyandeconomicneedsinthewholeworldandindividualcountries.Globalizationposesnewchallengesforcountries.Thephaseoftechnologicalchangewillcontinuetoincreaseexponentially.Peopleexpectlivingstandardstobehigherwithmore'luxuries'becoming'necessities'andagreaterproportionofincomewillbespentoneducation,leisure,householdservices,sportsandculture.Toremaincompetitiveinthelightofthesechanges,thecountrywillneedtoimproveproductivityandadoptaninnovativespirit.Highereducationisinauniquepositiontohelpachievethesegoals.SriLanka'sfutureintheglobalknowledgeeconomydependscriticallyonthecountry'sintellectualandhumancapital.Asthecountryisgearedtotakeoffandadvanceasafastgrowingmiddle-incomecountry,itiscriticallyimportantthatSriLankahasthehumancapitalneededtocompetewithglobalknowledgeeconomy.Theabilityofpeopletothinkandactcreatively,workproductivelyandefficiently,communicateeffectivelyandinnovateandadoptnewtechnologiestostrengtheneconomicactivitiesisvital.Thus,SriLankaneedsahighereducationsystemthatcanproduceskilled,hard-workingandenterprisinggraduates.Also,thecountryneedsaresearchandinnovationcapacitycapableofpromotingdynamiceconomicdevelopment.

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TheKnowledgeHubinitiativewillhelptodevelopSriLankaasadestinationforinvestmentsinhighereducationandpositionthenationasacentreofexcellenceandregionalhubforlearningandinnovation.Itwillenhancethenationaleconomicdevelopmenteffortsthroughthedevelopmentofaskilledandeducatedworkforceandthecreationofnewemploymentopportunities.

Thestateuniversitysectorcomprises15universities,6postgraduateinstitutesand9otherdegreegrantinginstitutes.Atpresent,about110,000students,5,900lecturersand14,500supportivestaffareattachedtotheseuniversities.Overtheyears,universitieshavedevelopedastrongresearchorientationbyaddingarichpooloftheoreticalandempiricalresearch.However,thecapacityofthestateuniversitysystemislimited.Notmorethan17percentofthosewhoqualifyforuniversityeducationcangainadmissiontouniversities.Thereisaneedforestablishingnationalnormsforthehighereducationsector.Also,itisnecessarytopromoterelevanceandqualityofteaching,learningandresearchintheuniversitysystem.Inaddition,thereisavitalneedforhumanresourcedevelopmentinthehighereducationsectorinSriLanka.

chart 5.2.1. Per capita Expenditure and student Enrolment

in university Education

Policy Direction

Betterperformanceatthesecondaryleveleducationwillleadtoincreasingdemandatthetertiarylevel.Assuch,thehighereducationpolicywillfocuson(a)increasingaccessbyenablingmorechoicesincourses,modesoflearningandalternateinstitutionswithinaregulatoryframeworkforallprospectivestudents,(b)enhancingqualityandupgradingstandardswithemphasisonemployabilityandabilitytocopewithnationaldevelopmentneedsandglobalcompetitiveness,(c)fosteringacultureofresearchandinnovation,and(d)ensuringaccountability,soundperformanceandfinancialsustainability.Universitiesareencouragedtobecomecentresforeconomicdevelopment,agentsofinnovationandincubatorsofentrepreneurship.

SriLankahastargetedachievementofexcellenceinhighereducationby2020,becomingthemostpreferredcountryforhighereducationintheAsiansubcontinent.ItwillbeamongthetopcountriesforhighereducationinAsia.TheSriLankanuniversitieswillofferinternationallyrecognizedcoursesthatarerecognizedbylocalandglobalemployers.

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Table 5.2.1

Foreign students in sri Lanka

Year 2010 2015 2020

No.ofStudents 307 12,000 50,000

Itisplannedtodoublethenumberofstudentsenteringlocaluniversities(40,000)by2020.Necessarysupportandregulatoryframeworkwillbeensuredtoenablethelocaluniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionstomaintaininternationalstandardsinrelationtotheireducationprogrammes.Thegovernmenthasalreadycommencedtheformulationofnecessarylegislationtoregulateprivatesectorhighereducationinstitutions.Aqualityassuranceandaccreditationsystem,coveringtheentirehighereducationsector,willbeimplementedinthenearfuturetostandardizehighereducationprogrammesconductedbydifferentinstitutions.

Transforming the Higher Education sector

From To

Asystemwithno

accreditation

Asystemwithaccreditation

andqualityassurance

Asystemwithlocal

orientation

Asystemwithglobaland

industryorientation

Asystemthatfocuses

largelyonteaching

Teaching,research,

developmentandsocial

service

Asystemwith21,000

annualenrolment(local

students)

Asystemwith40,000

annualenrolment

300foreignstudents 50,000foreignstudents

Asystemthatproducing

theoryorientedgraduatesAsystemthatproducespractical,pragmaticandresultsorientedprofessionalgraduates

AsystemwithminimalICTuse

AsystemwithmaximumICTuse

Asystemwithfewprivatesectorrelations

Asystemwithprivatepublicpartnerships.

Table 5.2.2

Whilethestateuniversitysystemperformsasthemainproviderofuniversityeducation,theestablishmentofprivateuniversitieswillbeencouraged.TheGovernmentplanstoattractabout10,000foreignstudentstolocaluniversitiesandanother50,000foreignstudentstoSriLankathroughproposedprivateuniversities.TheseuniversitiesarealsoexpectedtoabsorbSriLankanstudentsleavingthecountryforhighereducationandprotectingforeignexchangesavingsandearnings.Degree-grantinginstitutionsandnon-stateuniversitieswilloperate,side-by-side,incollaborationwiththestateuniversitiesunderthesurveillanceofstatelaws.Localuniversitiesareencouragedtonexuswithrenownedacademicinstitutionsintheworldforexpansionoftheiracademicprogrammesandtrainingtheiracademicstaff.

Anumberofstrategieswillbeimplementedduringthenext10yearstotransformthehighereducationsectorintoamoreresponsiveandproactivesector.

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strategiesFacilitating local universities to be among the top 250 universities in the world

World

Rank name of the university

51 UniversityofTokyo

83 KyotoUniversity

124 NationalUniversityofSingapore

604 IndianInstituteofScienceBangalore

1487 UniversityofDelhi

1811 LahoreUniversityofManagementSciences

2185 UniversityofColombo

2198 UniversityofMoratuwa

3005 UniversityofPeradeniya

InordertoincreaseSriLanka’sglobalcompetitiveness,itisessentialforlocaluniversitiestobecomeinternationallyprominentinstitutionswithexcellenceinresearch,academicfreedom,atmosphereofintellectualexcitementandfreedomtopursueknowledge.Atleastthreelocaluniversitieswillbetargetedtobeamongthetop250universitiesintheworld.Thiswillbeachievedthroughperformanceorientedpolicyreforms,improvingthequalityofacademicprogrammesandimprovingthequalityofteachingandadministrativestaff,andupgradinglearningresources.

universities as centres of Regional DevelopmentUniversitieswillbeencouragedtobecomeknowledgebasedcentresofeconomicdevelopment.Theywillleadtheregionaldevelopmentbylocalizingnewtechnologyandsuggestingsuitableinterventionstorealizethegrowthpotentialsoftheregionswheretheuniversityislocated.Theuniversitieswillbeintegratedwithtownships,megatechnologyandservicecentres,teachinghospitals,libraryfacilities,scienceparks,hostels,supermarketsandresidentialunits.Moreresourceswillbedivertedtoupgradeeachof

Table 5.2.3World Rank 2010 (october)

Source: www.webometrics.info/index

theuniversitieslocatedoutsidetheWesternProvince.TheseuniversitieswillalsobeencouragedtodeveloptheirownidentitybybecomingCentresofExcellenceoftheirchosenfield.

Providing necessary Infrastructure and cutting-edge Technology to universities and other Institutions of Higher EducationThestatewillpromotepublicprivatepartnerships(PPPs)andprivatesectorparticipationindevelopinghighereducationfacilities.Universitiesareencouragedtousestate-of-the-arttechnologyinthelectureroomsandlaboratoriesofhighereducationinstitutionstomodernizetheexistinginfrastructurefacilitiesintheseinstitutions.Also,languagelaboratoriesequippedwithallmodernstate-of-the-artfacilitieswillbesetupin

Public universities in sri Lanka

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alluniversitiesandhighereducationinstitutionstoensurethatallgraduatesacquireproficiencyintheEnglishlanguageandotherrequiredforeignlanguages.

Atpresent,over110infrastructuredevelopmentprojectsarebeingimplementedinstateuniversitiesatatotalcostofoverRs.10billiontoprovidenecessaryfacilitiessuchaslecturehalls,hostels,healthfacilities,administrativeinfrastructureetc.Anewprojectisplannedtocommencein2011tosupportthenationaldevelopmenteffortsinhighereducation.Thiswillfurtherassistthedevelopmentofstateuniversitiesandalternativehighereducationinstitutestomodifytheireducationalprogrammescateringtothepresentneeds.

Introducing new Market-oriented and Internationally Recognized Degree Programmes SriLanka'stransitiontoaknowledgebasedeconomywillcreatemorejobopportunitiesforeducatedyouth.Asaproductiveandcompetitiveeconomy,SriLankawillrequirehighskilllevelsinspecificfields,andalsoincreasinglydiversifiedandupdatedskills.Therefore,theGovernmentplanstoexpanduniversityenrolment,mainlyinmarket-orienteddegreeprogrammes.Universitiesandotherhighereducationinstitutesareencouragedtodevelopandofferinternationallyrecognizedandmarket-orienteddegreeprogrammesrequiredbyglobalemployers.

Priority areas for new coursesnUrbanplanningnInternetmarketingnTelecommunicationnICTandsoftwarenTransportmanagementnNavalandshippingnAviationengineeringnFoodtechnologynInternationalbusinessmanagementnKnowledgemanagementnCorporategovernancenInsuranceandbankingnTourism,sportsandleisurenPollutionreduction,wastedisposaland

managementandforestconservation

ThenumberofstudentsadmittedtodemanddrivenprogrammeswillbegraduallyincreasedandnewsubjectssuchasMarketing,HumanResourceManagement,Accounting,IT,CreativeWriting,HospitalityManagementetcwillbeintroducedtoenhancetheemployabilityofgraduates.

Establishing a Modern ‘university of science and Technology’ as a Partnership ProjectWhenfirmsshifttowardshighvalueadditioninservices,industries,andagriculturalsectorswithaviewtoimprovingefficiencyandproductivity,therewillbeanincreasingdemandfromthosesectorsforITprofessionals.Therefore,theICTsectorstandsoutasoneofthepotentialareasfordevelopmentandincomegenerationandforjobcreationinthecountry.InordertomeetthisincreasingdemandforICTgraduates,anewuniversityisplannedtobesetupasapartnershipprojectwiththeprivatesector.Thiswillbeadynamicandmodernuniversity,equippedwithcutting-edgetechnologyandcommittedtoICT,andscienceandtechnologyeducation.Theuniversitywillprovideworldclasseducationwithinthebroadsphereoftelecommunications,multimedia,computers,digitalart,animation,informationtechnology,softwaredevelopmentandscienceandtechnology.

MarketIntelligenceUnits(MIUs)willbeestablishedineachuniversity.Theseunitswillcollecttheinformationaboutprivatesectorneedsandcoordinatewiththeuniversitymanagementtoproducegraduatesaccordingly.TheMIUs,incollaborationwiththeprivatesector,willfacilitatestudentplacementinindustryasapartofthedegreeprogramme.Itwillalsoprovidecareerguidanceandcounselingforstudents.

A Knowledge cityThesuccessoftransformingSriLankatoaKnowledgeHubwillgreatlydependontheavailabilityofenablingenvironmentandinfrastructuretoattractprominentinternationalresearchandeducationinstitutions.TheconceptofaKnowledgeCityprovidesanattractivemodelforprivateinvestorsinthisfield.Governmentwilldesignateaspecificareafortheproposedcityandprovidethesupportiveinfrastructureincludingnecessarybuildingsandservicecentreswhileencouraginginternationalresearchandeducation

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institutionstosetuptheiraffiliatedinstitutionsintheproposedKnowledgeCity.Thistargetwillbeachievedbyofferingacarefullydesignedincentivepackage.Thecitywillbuildastrongpartnershipwiththecommunitybywayofgeneratingnewjobopportunities,helpingthemtodeveloptheirknowledgeandserveasaplaceofmentalandphysicalrelaxation.Thearchitecturaldesignofthecitywillbefuturisticandattractivetopeople.

Promoting Innovation, Research and DevelopmentUniversitiesandresearchinstitutionswillbeencouragedtoincreasethequalityandquantityofresearchundertaken,promoteinnovation,increasetheacquisitionanddiffusionoftechnologyandexpandtheeconomicandcommercialpotentialofintellectualcapital.ThiswillenableSriLankatoeffectivelyuseintellectualresourcesavailableinuniversitiesforeconomicdevelopment.

Theautonomyanddignityofuniversitiesandtheirgovernancesystemwillberespectedandensured.Universitiesareencouragedtogenerateasubstantialamountoffinancialresourcesfortheiractivities.Amajorportionofgovernmentfundstouniversitieswillbeallocatedbasedontheirperformance.

Expanding Postgraduate EducationThedemandforeducatedlabourwillincreasecontinuouslyoverthenextdecadesduetoglobalizationandthechangingstructureofthenationalandinternationaleconomies.Therefore,opportunitieswillbeprovidedannuallytoobtainadegreebyDistanceEducationfor20,000studentsintheprioritylistwhohavepassedtheA/Lexaminationbuthavenotbeenselectedforuniversityadmission.Forthispurpose,theOpenUniversityplanstoexpandfacilitiesatitsregionalcentreslocatedinvariouspartsofthecountryfordistanceeducation.Courseswillbeconductedmainlythroughtheinternetandvideoconferencing.Amechanismwillbedevelopedtoobtainknowledgeandskillsoftheindustryprofessionalsincontentdesigningandcoursedelivery.Thiswillmakepublicuniversitiesmorecompetitive.

Improving university FacilitiesTheaccommodationfacilitiesoftheuniversitieswillbeexpandedtoensureresidentialfacilitiesforallundergraduatesinandaroundtheUniversityTownship.Theenablingenvironmentwillbedevelopedtoattractinvestmentsinrecreationaleducationactivitiesanduniversitycentredmarketingandotherservicesbyprivateparties.Mostofthelibrarieswillprovideaccesstoe-journals,e-booksandotherdocumentsandinformation.Computerizedserviceswillenhanceefficiencyandclientsatisfaction.

chart 5.2.2Target Investment: 2011-2015

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strategy Period Target/ outcome 2020

Providenecessaryinfrastructureandcuttingedgetechnologytotheuniversitiesandotherhighereducationinstitutestoimprovequalityandrelevanceofdegreeprogrammes

2011-2020 nInterconnectedandmodernizednetworkof

universitieswithallnecessaryfacilitiesfor

accreditation

nIncreasedenrolmentrateoflocaluniversitiesupto

60%by2020

nAtleast3localuniversitiesaretobepromoted

amongthetop250universitiesintheworld

nQualityandrelevanceofacademicprogrammeswill

beimproved

nImprovedlibraryandhostelfacilitiesinuniversities

Implementaqualityassuranceandaccreditationsystem,coveringtheentirehighereducationsector

2012onwards Standardizedhighereducationprogrammesconductedbydifferentinstitutions

Developandofferinternationallyrecognizedandmarket-orienteddegreeprogrammesrequiredbyglobalemployers

2011onwards nEmployablegraduateswithrightskills

nImprovedentrepreneurialabilityoftrainees

EstablishanewmodernScienceandTechnology/ICTuniversityasapartnershipproject

2012-2014 Increasedworldclasseducationopportunitieswithinthebroadsphereoftelecommunications,multimedia,computers,digitalart,animation,informationtechnology,softwaredevelopmentandscienceandtechnology

FacilitateworldrenowneduniversitiestostarttheiracademicprogrammesinSriLanka

2011onwards Expandedopportunitiesforhighereducation

EstablishMarketIntelligenceUnitsineachuniversity 2012-2015 nStrengthenedlinkagebetweenuniversitiesand

industries

nDevelopedlinkagesbetweendifferenthigher

educationinstitutionsandtheindustry

DesignateandestablishaKnowledgeCity 2011-2014 Improvedfacilitiesforinternationalresearchandeducationinstitutionstosetuptheiraffiliatedinstitutions.Increasedopportunitiesforhighereducation

Enhanceresearchandinnovationcapacityofuniversities

2011onwards Enhancedresearchandinnovationcapacityofuniversitiesandimprovedcreativity

Activity - outcome Matrix

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The10yearstrategylaysoutavisionofSriLankastepbystepmovingtowardsaknowledge-basedeconomy.Itrecognizesthatinordertodoso,SriLankamustdevelopitsscienceandtechnology,strengtheneducation,trainingandskillsprocessanddevelophighqualityhumanresourcestoservetherequirementsofmodernization.Itaimstoharnessglobalknowledgeandapplyittothedevelopmentofallpeopleandallsectors.Yet,atthesametimeandsomewhatcontradictorily,itaimstofocusonsomeselectedimportantsectorstobuildupinformationtechnology,biologicaltechnology,newmaterialtechnologyandautomationtechnology.

Aknowledgebasedeconomyisabouttheapplicationofglobalknowledgetoalleconomicactivity,ratherthanaboutthedevelopmentofcertainhigh-techindustries,suchaselectronichardwareorsoftware.ThefutureprosperityofSriLankawillrequireanewconfigurationofskills,abilitiesandcompetencies.Thiswillbedrivenbythewidespreadavailabilityanduseofinformationandcommunicationtechnologies,thespeedofscientificandtechnologicaladvancementandacceleratingglobalcompetition.SriLanka’ssuccessfulintegrationwiththeglobaleconomyanditssustainedsuccessininternationalcompetitionwilldependincreasinglyoneffectivecombinationsofscience,technologyandinnovation.

PATH To A KNOWLEDGE–BASED

ECONOMY

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Thereseemstobeanumberofcommoncharacteristicsassociatedwiththesuccess:

Adoptionofcompetitivehighvalueaddedexportpromotionandimportreplacementstrategiestoincreaseglobaltrade.

Developmentofanappropriateeducationalandtechnologicalinfrastructure,includingtheprovisionofwidespreadliteracy,vocationaleducationandtraining,developmentofanengineeringcadreandthetrainingandsupportofresearchscientists.

PromotionofR&Dintensivehightechnologyproductionprocessestousenewproductsmachineryandmarketsthatincreaseproductivityandexpandbusinessactivity.

Promotionofpartnershipswithresearchinstitutes,universitiesandtheprivatesectortoestablishsynergisticalliancesandnetworking.

Developmentofadynamictechnologytransferplatformforwealththroughtechnoentrepreneurshipbusinessinitiatives.

PrioritizationofanallocationofresourcestowellintegratednationalR&DinitiativesanddesignthetaxandfiscalincentiveinfavourofR&Dexpenditure.

Promotionofanationalcadreofresearchesandscientiststoattractprivatesectortoengineering,scienceandtechnologyparksandassociatedhigh-techindustries.

AdoptionofaNationalHumanResourceDevelopment(NHRD)policytostrategizeR&Dandtotargetpostgraduateresearchinhigh-techareassuchasnanotechnology,biotechnologymechatronics,materialscience,microelectronics,IT,satellite,clinicalresearch,andtelecommunications.

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5.3 Building a competitive Workforce Through Technology Education and skills Development

thetertiaryandvocationaltraininghastobegearedtomeettherequirementsofemergingneedsofdomesticandoverseaslabourmarkets.therefore,iwilltakeactiontoexpandtertiaryeducationtoprovideinternationallevelknowledgeandtrainingandtoprotectthedignityoftheprofession.

(mahindachintana2005,p74)

iwillidentifyandprovideopportunitiesforouryouthtofollowinternationallyreputedtrainingprogrammesandtertiaryeducationprogrammesthatprovideinternationallyrecognizedqualificationssothatouryoungpeopleareequippedtomeetthedemandsoftheglobalworkforce.

(mahindachintana2010,p69)

Theintensiveapplicationofhigh-techequipmentandsystemsisanintegralpartofmoderneconomy.Theemergingneweconomicorderisbasedonknowledge,innovation,skillsandinternationalcollaboration.Theindustrial-agebusinessmodelsarenowbeingreplacedbynewbusinessmodelsutilizinghuman,financialandtechnologicaladvancesintheworld.SmallandMediumEnterprises(SMEs)areplannedtobestrengthened,gettingstrongforwardlinkagestolargeenterprises.Therefore,itisnecessaryforSriLankatoalignitsskilldevelopmentprogrammeswiththisnewtrendtotakeadvantageoftheemergingeconomicconditions.

chart 5.3.1Target Investment: 2011-2015

Target Investment 2011 - 2015

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Thedemandforskilledlaborwillincreasecontinuouslyoverthenextdecadesduetothechangingstructureofthenationaleconomyandtechnologicaldevelopment.Knowledgeeconomystrategieswillcreateasignificantdemandforallskillcategoriesincludingprofessionals,middleleveltechnicians,associateprofessionalsandmanagers.Againstthisbackground,thetechnicaleducationalinstitutionsarebeingstrengthenedtoprovideandsteersocio-economicdevelopmentofthecountry.

Atpresent,about180,000studentsleavetheschoolsystemaftercompletionoftheirO/LandA/Lexaminations.Nearly17percentofstudentswhoqualifyforuniversityeducationcangainadmissiontouniversities.Alargeproportionofthesestudentsenterthelabourforcewithoutfollowinganyproperskillsdevelopmentprogramme.Therefore,thisgroupwillbetheprimetargetforspecifictrainingandskillsdevelopmentprogrammes

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deVelopmenttowardsaskilledeconomy

SriLankahasemergedasapromisingeconomyinAsiaandexpectedtotakeoffovertheforthcomingyears,andincreaseitspercapitaincometooverUS$4,000by2016.Changingstructureofthenationaleconomy,combinedwithrapidlychangingtechnology,increasingincomeofpeopleandmodernizationoflifestylesandgloballinkswillopenupnewemploymentopportunitieswithspecifictechnicalknowledgeandskills.Thedemandforaneducated,skilledandprofessionalworkforceisprojectedtoriseinthemediumterm.

n ThecurrentICTworkforceofapproximately50,000isexpectedtoincreaseto186,000by2016intheareasofdatabasemanagement,digitalmediaandanimation,businessanalysisandsystemsintegration,networkadministration,programmingandsoftwareengineering,testingandqualityassurance,businessprocessoutsourcingandmarketingandwebdevelopment.

n Asoneofthefastemergingindustries,thetourismindustryisexpectedtoattract2.5mnhighspendingtouristsby2016.Atremendousgrowthisenvisagedintheconstruction,furniture,transportandfoodandbeverageindustriesinthecountryandtheroomcapacitytoaccommodateawiderangeoftouristsincludinginwildlife,cultureandbusiness,isexpectedtoincreasefrom15,000to50,000.Thetourismsectoraloneisprojectedtogenerate700,000newemploymentopportunitiesofwhich20percentisformanagerialcategoriesintheleisureindustryby2020.

n Withthelargescaledevelopmentactivitiesplannedinthenaval,aviation,commercial,energy,roadandtransport,urbandevelopment,irrigationandknowledgesectors,newjobsopportunitiesareprojectedforairportandaviationengineers,professionals,techniciansandcraftrelatedskilledworkersinthebuildingandconstructionindustry,machineoperatorsandmechanics,automobileandmotormechanictechnicians,environmentalmanagersandengineers,managers,techniciansandcraftrelatedworkersinthemetalandlightengineeringsector.About50,000-70,000skilledpeopleareneededannuallyforthesecategoriesduringthenext6years.

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n Thecountryneedstoproduceabout2,500nursesandabout600radiographers,physiotherapists,pharmacists,MLTs,ECG/EEGoperators,dispensersetcannuallytobeworkedinthedomesticprivatemedicalinstitutionsandmedicalinstitutionsabroad.

n Anannualdemandof9,000skilledpersonnelsuchas,hairdressers,beauticians,salonmanagers,stylists,therapists,nailstylists,tattooartistsandbridalandweddingdesigners,dressmakers,flowerdesignersetc,isprojectedduringthe2011-2016period.

n Thecountryalsoneedstoproduceabout2,000and1,500skilledpeopleannuallywithperformingart(modellers,dancersetc)andfilmrelatedskills,respectivelyinthesameperiod.

n Thedemandfortraditionalskillcategoriesintheareasofofficemanagement,textileandgarments,leatherproducts,gemandjewelleryandrubberandplasticindustryisexpectedtoremainmoreorlessconstantduringthenext5years.

Thetechnicaleducationandvocationaltraininginstitutesandhighereducationinstitutesarebeingfacilitatedtodevelopandofferinternationallyrecognizedandmarket-orientedskillsdevelopmentprogrammesintheaboveareastomeetthenewdemandforskilledworkforce.

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Governmentplanstoprovideinternationallyrecognizedvocationalandtechnicaltrainingopportunitiestothelabourforceinkeepingwithadvancingtechnologyandindustrycompetencyneeds.

Implementing new programmes satisfying the requirements of technical skills for emerging new economic sectors - Withthenewdevelopmentinitiativesinthenaval,aviation,commercial,energyandknowledgesectors,newjobopportunitiesareprojectedintheareasofinformationtechnology,softwaredevelopment,businessprocessesoutsourcing,andinternetmarketing,construction,performingarts,beautyculture,medicalandhealthscience,miningandoilexploration,telecommunication,portsandcargohandling,navalandshipping,airportandaviationengineering,foodtechnology,businessmanagement,knowledgemanagement,spacescience,corporategovernance,insurance,banking,tourism,sportsandleisure,environmentalmanagementandengineering,automobileindustryandmedia.Newtechnicalcourseswillbeintroducedtoaddresstheseemergingrequirements.

Maintaining highly skilled training through a system of accreditation - QualityandstandardsoftechnicaleducationandvocationaltrainingprogrammeswillbeensuredbymaintainingaunifiedcertificationsystemandNationalSkillsStandardsbasedoncompetenciesidentifiedforspecificoccupations.AlltechnicaleducationandvocationaltraininginstitutionswillbeencouragedtoadheretotheNationalVocationalQualificationsfromlevel1tolevel7tomaintainthequalityofthetraining

programmesprovidedbyvariousproviders.Therewillbenationalcompetencystandardssetinconsultationwiththeindustry,nationalqualitystandardsforteachingandassessmentusingacompetencybasedapproach,andnationalcertificationoflearnersandworkers.Thiswillensuretheuniformityinnationalstandardsoftraininginstitutionsandtrainingcourses.

Improving the quality of technical education- Prioritywillbegiventorationalizeandstrengthenthegovernmentinstitutionalnetworkforprovidingtechnicaleducationandvocationaltrainingtoofferinternationallyrecognizedandmarketdriventrainingprogrammes.Thecapacityofthetraininginstitutionsinthepublicsectorwillbestrengthenedthroughprovisionofnecessaryfacilitiessuchasclassrooms,workshopsandnewequipmenttoimprovethequalityoftheirtrainingprogrammestoalevelrecognizedinternationally.Follow-upservicessuchascreditfacilities,accesstomarkets,technicalknow-howandrawmaterialwillbeprovidedthroughthebusinessarmofthetraininginstitutions.

A manpower reserve of 350,000 -Toensurethatruralyouthacquirethenecessaryskillstosecurehighlypaidjobs,amanpowerreserveof350,000willbecreatedwithinthenextthreeyears(2011-2013)throughexpandingandre-prioritizingexistingprogrammesandintroducingnewprogrammes.

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Table 5.3.1 - Estimated Annual Training needs: 2011 -2013

supply side 2011 2012 2013 2011-13

nNoofstudentssittingforGCE(O/L) 274,922 277,671 280,448 833,041

nSchoolleaversafterGCE(O/L) 127,839 127,729 127,604 383,172

nStudentsenteringGCE(A/L) 147,083 149,942 152,844 449,869

nNoofstudentsenteringformalskillsdevelopment

programmesanddegreeprogrammes88,200 93,617 96,680 278,497

nTargetpopulationforskillsdevelopment 186,722 184,054 183,768 554,544

Demand side - Annual Training needs

skill category 2011 2012 2013 2011-13

nITprofessionalsandassociateskills 13,000 16,125 20,031 49,156

nTourism-Managerialcategories 3,960 5,160 7,460 16,580

-Nonmanagerialcategories 16,100 23,500 30,200 69,800

nAirportandaviationengineers/technicians 252 472 612 1,336

nPerformingartsrelatedskills 1,000 1,890 2,214 5,104

nBuildingandconstruction-Professionalgrades 975 1050 1100 3,125

-Technicalgrades 4,740 4,740 4,740 14,220

-Craftrelatedgrades 17,576 17,576 17,576 52,728

nMachineoperators&mechanics 2,657 1,469 1,469 5,595

nAutomobileandmotormechanictechnicians 10,200 10,430 10,666 31,296

nEnvironmentalmanagersandengineers 350 375 400 1,125

nMedicalandhealthscience-Nurses 2,300 2,784 3,374 8,458

-Other 425 480 550 1,455

nBeautyculture-Professionalsandothergrades 8,995 9,258 9,533 27,786

nMetalandlightengineering-Managerialandtechnicalgrades 3,580 3,660 3,743 10,983

-Craftrelatedgrades 13,166 13,587 14,025 40,778

nPhotographyandfilmcareerrelatedskills 1,500 1,563 1,628 4,691

nOfficemanagement 3,500 3,562 3,627 10,689

nTextileandgarments 3,412 3,412 3,412 10,236

nLeatherproducts-relatedskills 660 675 690 2,025

nGemandjewellery-relatedskills 225 241 258 724

nRubberandplasticindustry-relatedskills 576 584 592 1,752

nFisheriesindustry-relatedmiddleleveltechnicalskillssuchascraftbuilding

250 400 450 1100

Total 109,399 122,993 138,350 370,742

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Improving operational and managerial efficiency of the public sector technical education- Theoperationalandmanagerialefficiencyofthepublicsectortechnicaleducationandvocationaltraininginstitutionswillbeimprovedthroughperformanceorientedpolicyreformsandrationalizationoftrainingprogrammesandresources.Aspecialtrainingprogrammewillbeimplementedincollaborationwiththeindustrytoproducequalifiedinstructorsforvocationaltraininginstitutions.Thecapacitiesoftheexistingtraininginstructorswillbestrengthenedinkeepingwithadvancingtechnologyandemerginglabourmarketrequirements

Promoting private sector investment - Theprivatesectorisvibrantinvocationaleducation.Thecountryisblessedwithinternationallyrenownededucationalestablishmentswhichproviderangeofopportunities.

Whilemaintainingaviablenetworkofvocationaltrainingcentres,theGovernmentwillfacilitatediversificationofprovidersandthecreationofanattractiveenvironmentforprivatesectorinvestmentintechnicaltrainingtoencourageenrolment.Theprivatesectorwillbeencouragedtotaketheleadinprovidingvocationaltrainingtosatisfytheirneeds.Therearemanyskilledpersonnelindifferentindustrieswithoutanyrecognizedcertificate.TheGovernmenthasrecognizedthenecessityofprovidingproperqualificationforthesepeoplewhodonothaveformalvocationalandtechnicaltrainingbutseekassessmentinlinewiththeNVQsystemthroughthe“RecognitionofPriorLearning"process.ItisplannedtoestablishAssessmentCentresandrunthemaspartnershipprojectswiththeregisteredassessorsintheprivatesectorforthispurpose.

Linkages with general education and higher education - Thelinkagesandcoordinationbetweenthevocationaltrainingsectorandthegeneraleducationandhighereducationsectorswillbestrengthened.Assistanceofuniversityprofessionalswillbeobtainedforrevisionofcurricula,teacherdevelopment,careerguidanceprogrammesetc.Improvedscience,mathematics,ICTandtechnologyeducationinsecondaryschoolswillprovidemoreopportunitiesforstudentstofollowtheirhighereducationinsimilarsubjectstreams.Thiswillhelpstudentstofindhighlypaidjobsintheprivatesector.

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skills category VTA

centers

Tcs nAITA nYsc coTs nIBM cGTTI nIFnE unI

VoTEc

Total

1 InformationTechnology 4,170 240 1,372 1,100 480 4,500 - - - 11,862

2 HotelsandTourism 825 - - 135 1,000 - - - 1,960

3 Naval/Shipping/Fisheries 77 - 25 - - 769 - 871

4 Finance/Insurance/Banking - 1,240 - - 590 150 - - - 1,980

5 FoodTechnology 458 - 10 - 40 - - - - 508

6 BusinessManagement - 190 120 - 100 1,000 - - - 1,410

7 BuildingandConstruction 1,980 1,480 366 - 580 - - - 132 4,538

8 AutomobileandMotor

Mechanics

2,220 455 792 395 455 - 130 - - 4,447

9 EnvironmentalManagement - 20 30 - - - - - - 50

10 Electronicand

Telecommunication

540 360 373 250 270 - 31 - - 1,824

11 MedicalandHealthScience - - 55 - 40 - - - - 95

12 BeautyCulture 1,925 - 75 399 - - - - - 2,399

13 MetalandLightEngineering 2,550 870 226 395 160 - 47 - 52 4,300

14 Heavyvehicles/machine

operators

120 170 154 - 15 - - - - 459

15 ElectricalEngineering 3,165 495 412 360 270 - 62 - 19 4,783

16 AgricultureandLivestock 180 155 - - 35 - - - - 370

17 TextileandGarments 5,910 145 536 - 170 - 40 - - 6,801

18 LeatherProducts

Development

180 15 15 - 15 - - - - 225

19 GemandJewellery 255 - 20 - 15 - - - - 290

20 FurnitureManufacturing 2,235 255 256 - 180 - - - - 2,926

21 ArtandMedia - - 96 - - 100 - - 30 226

22 RubberandPlastic - 30 - - 15 - - - - 45

23 Office&HRManagement 120 - - - - 1,000 - - - 1,120

24 Logistics/Project

Management

- - - - - 135 - - - 135

25 QualityandMarketing

Management

- - - - - 175 - - - 175

total 26,910 6,120 4,933 3,034 3,430 8,060 310 769 233 53,799

Table 5.3.2. Existing capacity of Public Vocational Training Institutions - (selected Full Time courses)

VTA–VocationalTrainingAuthorityTC–TechnicalCollageNAITA-NationalApprentice&IndustrialTrainingAuthorityNYSC–NationalYouthServicesCouncilNIFNE–NationalInstituteofFisheries&NauticalEngineering

COT–CollegeofTechnologyNIBM–NationalInstituteofBusinessManagementCGTTI–CeylonGermanTechnicalTrainingInstituteUNIVOTEC–UniversityofVocationalTechnology

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Strategy Period Target/Outcome2020

Improvethequalityoftechnicaleducationandvocationaltrainingprogrammesthroughprovisionofnecessaryinfrastructure

UpgradethefacilitiesinexistingVocationalTrainingCentres-nProvisionofclassrooms,workshopsandother

basicfacilitiesnUpgradingequipment

2011-2020 nIncreasedcapacityofthetechnicaleducationandvocationaltraininginstitutionsinthepublicsector

nAtleastoneCollegeofTechnologywillbeoperatedineachprovince,expandingaccesstonewdemanddrivendiplomasandhigherdiplomaprogrammes

nIncreasedenrolmentrateofpublictraininginstitutionsto20%by2013and30%by2016

Introducenewdemanddrivenskillsdevelopmentprogrammes

2011-2020 nImprovedqualityandrelevanceoftrainingprogrammes

nImprovedentrepreneurialabilityoftrainees

nEnhancedemployability

Implementnewprogrammestodevelopaskillfulworkforcesatisfyingthetechnicalskillrequirementsforemergingneweconomicsectors

2011-2013andonwards

nTrainedmanpowerreserveof300,000suitableforhighlypaidjobsinawiderangeofskills

Developnationalcompetencystandardsandnationalqualitystandardsforteachingandassessmentofrelevanttrainingprogrammes

2012onwards nUniformityinnationalstandardsoftraininginstitutionsandtrainingcourses

nEstablishednationalcompetencystandards

nAlltechnicaleducationandvocationaltraininginstitutionsadheretotheNationalVocationalQualificationsfromlevel1tolevel7

Implementanacceleratedtrainingprogrammeincollaborationwiththeindustrytoproducequalifiedinstructorsforvocationaltraininginstitutions

2011onwards Strengthencapacitiesoftheexistingtraininginstructorsinkeepingwithadvancingtechnologyandemerginglabourmarketrequirements

EstablishPriorLearningAssessmentCenterstoprovideproperqualificationforthepeoplewhodonothaveformalvocationalandtechnicaltrainingbutseekassessmentinlinewiththeNVQsystem

2011-2013 Establish2PRLAssessmentCentersinColomboandGalle

Strengthentheon-linemanagementinformationsystemconnectingalltraininginstitutionsandindustrypartners

2011-2013 Improvedcoordinationbetweentraininginstitutions,industrypartners,instructorsandtrainees

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5.4 Modern Economy Through science and Technological Innovations

iamcommittedtoensuringthatscienceeducationismadeavailabletoallalikewithnodiscriminationasbetweenthetownandvillage,therichandthepoor.

(mahindachintana2005,p67)

theobjectiveofournextmassiveleapforwardistotransformsrilankaintoastrategicallyimportanteconomiccentreoftheworld.mydeterminationtherefore,istotransformsrilankatobethepearloftheasiansilkrouteonceagain,inmodernterms.usingourstrategicgeographicallocationeffectively,iwilldevelopourmotherlandasanaval,aviation,commercial,energyandknowledgehub,servingasakeylinkbetweentheeastandwest.

(mahindachintana2010,p69)

Scientificandtechnologicalinnovationsprovidesolutionstomanyoftheimportantglobalandnationalissues,providingtheknowledgeandthemeanstogenerateeconomicactivity,improvehealthandlivingconditions,alleviatepoverty,enhancepublicsafetyandsecurity,preservethequalityoftheenvironmentandmanagenaturalresources.

Thenationalscienceandtechnologystrategyenvisagesprovisionofaconsistent,longtermframeworkforgrowthanddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinthecountry,contributingsignificantlytotheachievementofthestatusofamiddleincomecountryintheforeseeablefuture.ThevisionofthisstrategyistomakeSriLankaaleaderinknowledgecreationandinnovationinAsiabyestablishingaworldclassnationalresearchandinnovationecosystemwhichwillgeneratethenecessarystrategic,sustainableinnovationsandtechnologiestowinthe‘economicwar’byfocusingonareasofco-competenciesandresourcelinkedopportunities,whilstupholdingsustainableprinciplesandpreparingourpeopleforaknowledgesocietythroughimprovedliteracyinScience.

Themainpolicyobjectiveonscienceandtechnologyistofosteranationalscienceculturethateffectivelyreacheseverycitizenofthecountryandtobuildup,sustainandprogressivelyincreasetheresourcebaseofscientistsandtechnologistsnecessarytorespondtothedevelopmentneedsofthecountry.

Thedevelopmentagendaofthescienceandtechnologysectorhasidentifiedanumberofstrategies:

More Government Investments Thegovernmentfundingfortheactivitiesrelatedtoscienceandtechnologywillbeincreasedwhileensuringproperutilizationofthesefundsinordertoobtainmaximumbenefitforthecountry.

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Theexistinguniversitiesandresearchinstituteswillbeupgradedwithfacilitiesofaninternationallevel.Theywillbestrengthenedandlinkedmorecloselywithindustry.ThequalityandservicesofITI,NSF,NERD,AEA,ACCMT,CINTEC,NASTECandtheDepartmentofMeteorologywillbeimprovedbyprovidingadequateresourceswithadvancedfacilities.

TwoscienceparkswillbeestablishedintheSouthernandNorth-Westernprovinceswithaviewtofacilitatinghightechindustriestooperateinadynamicenvironmentthatenablesthemtonurtureideas,innovateanddevelop.Scienceparkswillcontainfullyequippedlaboratoriesandofficespaces,innovationcentrestobridgedesignersandindustriesandconvenientamenitiesforbothlocalandoverseascompaniesalike.

NationalCentresofExcellencewillbeestablishedinseveralthrustareasinpartnershipwithstateresearchinstitutes,universitiesandtheprivatesector.

Theprivatesectorwillbeencouragedtoinvestintheresearchanddevelopmentsectorespeciallyinthenanotechnology,mechatronics,biotechnology,ICTandsatellitetechnology.

Research Priority AreasPrioritywillbegivenforundertakingproblemsolvinganddevelopment-orientedresearch.Simultaneously,knowledgegatheringresearchstudieswillbeundertaken.Thiswillfillthelacunaintheareaoftechnologyandtherequirementoftheindustriesinthecountry.

Asignificantshareofenergyproductiontodayreliesontheuseoffossilfuel.Newstudieswillbeconductedtoexplorealternativeenergysources.Thegovernmentexpenditureonimportsoffood,fertilizer,pesticidesandmedicineswillbeminimizedthroughadvancedresearchondecliningsoilfertility,reducingcostoffoodproduction,increasingnutritionalvaluesandproductivityandpestcontrol.

Researchstudiesonwaterandairqualityandnewmedicationswillbeconductedtoimprovethehealthconditionofthepeople.Developmentofscienceandtechnologyinrelationtoprocessengineering,mining,electronics,computermodelling,machinery,metalproducts,ICTandtelecommunicationsandothermanufacturingsectorswillreceivesimilarprioritywhichcouldincreaseefficiencyandcompetitiveness.

Marketsharewillbeincreasedbyimprovingcompetitiveness,quality,andproductivityespeciallyintheexportsector;valueaddedtea,organicproduce,virgincoconutoil,highvaluecompositerubberproducts,ceramics,valueaddedproductsfromactivatedcarbon,etc.

TheGovernmentwilllaunchatechnologyforesightprogrammetoanalyzetrendsandneeds.Itwillbebackedbytechnologyandmonitoringservicestostudystrengthsandweaknessesatplantlevel.

An Intelligent Resource BaseSupportwillbegiventoincreasecapacitiesofresearchstaff.Aperformance-basedschemeofrewardswillbeimplementedasameansofmotivation.

Amechanismwillbeestablishedincollaborationwiththeexistingresearchentitiestoobtaintheserviceofqualifiedgraduatesinscienceandtechnologymoreeffectively.

Curriculaofuniversitiesandschoolswillbedevelopedtoacquireknowledgeonhigh-techinnovations.Postgraduateopportunitieswillbeexpandedwiththeassistanceofleadingforeignuniversitiesandresearchinstitutes.

A Science Park

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Relevantexpertisefromabroadwillbelinkedwithlocalresearchinstitutionsandadequatenumbersofqualitystaffwillbeprovided.

SriLankanscientistsandengineerswillbegivenanopportunitytoworkinaforeignresearchinstitutionforaperiodof1-2years.

ANationalResearchCadreofhighcaliberscientistsandtechnologistsincludingSriLankanexpatriatescientistswillbeestablishedbasedoninternationalcriteria.

Moving Technology to Rural AreasAdvancingscientificknowledgeinruralareaswillencouragepeopletoadoptnewtechnologicalinnovations.Thiswillfacilitatetheidentificationofthecapabilitiesofruralyouthintheproductionofnewindustrialitems,theprovisionofinformationonthetechnologicalneedsofnewindustriesandimprovingtheaccessibilityofqualityassurancetestingservices.

Indigenousknowledgeandpracticeswillberetrieved,collatedanddocumentedtoincreasethedemanddrivenvalueadditionwhileensuringintellectualpropertyrights.

Aprogrammeofresearchtoconvertlocalrawmaterialsuchasrubbersheet,coconutkernel,coconutshellandpineapplefibreintoconsumableitemswithindustrialapplicationwillbegivenhighpriority.

science, Technology and Innovation strategy for sri Lanka

“Iwillrestructuretheeducationandknowledgesystemssuitably,sothatSriLankabecomesakeyhubforknowledgeandlearningintheworld”:MahindaChintana-VisionfortheFuture

Thesceneisnowsetforanaccelerateddriveforeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.ForSriLankatoimproveitseconomy,itisimperativetoappreciatethefiercecompetitionthatourgoodsandserviceshavetofaceintheglobalmarket.Thisdemandstheinfusionoftechnologyandinnovationtomakeourproductsandservicescapableofovercomingthecompetitionfromgoodsandservicesfromabroadintheopenmarket.

ThescientificcapabilitywithinthecountryhastobeofworldstandardintheareasthatSriLankahasthecompetitiveedge,forthegoodsproducedandservicesprovidedbyoureconomytobeabletooutsellthosefromothercountries.

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WhilsttheScienceandTechnology(S&T)policyadoptedbytheGovernmentinJune2009identifiesthegenericS&TcapabilitynecessaryforSriLankaitisnecessarytospecificallyfocusonthepriorityneedsforrapideconomicdevelopmentinthenextfiveyearssoastohelpdoublethepercapitaGDPbytheyear2016.

ThevisionofthisstrategyistomakeSriLankaaleaderinknowledgecreationandinnovationinAsiabyestablishingaworldclassnationalresearchandinnovationecosystemwhichwillgeneratethenecessarystrategies,sustainableinnovationsandtechnologiestoachieveeconomicprogressbyfocusingonareasofco-competenciesandresourcelinkedopportunities,whilstupholdingsustainableprinciplesandpreparingourpeopleforaknowledgebasedsocietythroughimprovedscientificliteracyinScience.

TheStrategicDirection-Science,TechnologyandInnovationStrategy

Goal – 1 : AnefficientsystemtoactivelyharnessinnovationsandtechnologiestogenerateandimproveproductsandservicestocontributetowardsdoublingthepercapitaGDPinanequitablemannerbyincreasingthehightechvalueaddedexportsandtheproductionforthedomesticmarket

n Increasethehightechvalueaddedexportsfrom1.5percentto10percentoftheGDPbyyear2015throughtheadvancedtechnologyinitiative.

n Achieveamarketincreaseofimportreplacementbystrategicproductionandsocialactivitiesinacompetitivemilieuthroughenhancedandfocusedresearchanddevelopment.

n Developadynamictechnologytransferplatformforwealthcreationthroughthetechno-entrepreneurshipinitiatives.

Goal – 2 : Wellestablished,dynamicandresourcedworldclassNationalResearchandInnovationEco-system.

n EstablishasystemforefficientandcoordinatedS&Tgovernance.n Attract,buildandretainstrategichumancapitalneededtomakeSriLankaaleadingknowledgeand

innovationhubinAsia.n Createacomprehensive,worldclassresearchandinnovationsystemthroughawellplannedS&T

infrastructureandservicesmodernizationinitiatives.n EnsurerationalizedandincreasedinvestmentinR&Dsupportedbyfacilitatedutilization.n Facilitateinternationalpartnershipinpromotinghightechnologyandresearch.

Goal – 3 :AneffectiveframeworktopreparethepeopleofSriLankaforaknowledgesociety

n Implementationofthe“ScienceforAll”initiative.n Attractstudentsatalllevelstoscience.n Createawarenessofthepotentialoftechnology,R&Dandinnovationinindustryandbusinesses.

Goal – 4 : Sustainabilityprinciplesentrenchedinallspheresofscientificactivities

n Ensurestrategiccompetitiveadvantageanddifferentiationtoachieveeconomicsustainabilityinallscientificactivities.

n Ensureenvironmentalsustainabilityinallareasofwork.n Ensuresocialsustainabilityinallactivities.

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Issue Policy strategy

Lackofadequatehumancapitalfor

research,developmentandinnovationin

high-techareas

Developmentofhumanresourcesin

high-techareas

nMeetthedemandofresearchand

innovationinprivateandstatesectors

nAttractmoreyounggraduatesto

researchcareers

nRecognizedifferencebetween

researchersanduniversityacademics.

(Nearly5-10%ofuniversityacademics

areengagedinresearch)

nAttractseniorresearchersand

innovatorsthroughappropriate

incentiveschemestoreversebrain

drain

Decreasingtrendofsciencestudentsin

publicschools

Attractstudentsatalllevelstoscience

education

nUpgradethePlanetarium,ICTplatform

forrapiddisseminationofknowledge

bygrantingfreeinternetaccess

nSetupaScienceMuseumoran

Exploratorium

nScienceCentrestoinculcatescientific

awareness

Lackofentrepreneursupportiveresearch

institutionnetwork

Createentrepreneurfriendlyresearch

institutes

nEnsuretheprotectionofpatentrights

oftheentrepreneur

nCreateafinancialandtechnical

supportiveenvironmentfornew

entrepreneurs

Inadequatelevelofhighendtechnology

exportsinSriLanka

(Presentlevelis1.5%)

Increaseadvancedtechnologyinitiatives;

Electronics,IT,Telecom,Biotechnology

andNanoTechnology

nEstablishe-lifecentresandITcentres

in10DivisionalSecretariatstolinkSri

Lankanyouthtotheworld

nEstablishaCenterforTechnologyand

CharteredInstituteforICT

nEstablishaNationalSpaceResearch

Centre

nGivethehighprioritytoinviteFDIwith

high-techandexchangeofpersonnelin

hi-techareas

nTechnicalcollaborationwithforeignhi-

techindustriesintransferringadvanced

technology

Table 5.4.1. Major Issues, Long-term Policies and strategies

6. A heAlthy society

ActiveCommunity–SportEconomy

HealthyNation,HealthyPeopleina Healthycommunity

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a scheme by the name of 'kreeda shakthi' will be introduced through which sportsmen and women with notable talents in rural areas will be identified and trained to be brought to international standards.

(Mahinda chintana 2005, p 92)

sports are not confined to the energetic youth but encompass the young and the old. Fitness, mental development and a team spirit are interconnected with sports and i believe that the development of sports is an essential investment for the future. therefore, i will strengthen sports to ensure the balanced development of all citizens.

(Mahinda chintana 2010, p 70)

6.1 Active Community – Sport economy

Overview

SriLankahasmadeconsiderableprogressinsportsduringthelastdecade.Islandwidesportsandpublicrecreationfacilitieshavebeenimprovedsignificantlytocreateabetterenvironmentandqualityoflifeforsportsmen,theirfamilies,andothersaroundthem.

Inlinewiththerapideconomicdevelopmentofthecountry,itisrequiredtoenhancefacilitiesandincreaseavenuesformentalandphysicalrelaxationofpeoplesothatSriLankawillhaveapopulationblessedwithmentalandphysicalfitnessandcitizensofSriLankawillbevaultedontotheinternationalstageasworld-classprovidersofsportandrecreation.

Policy Direction

Inthenext10yearsthegovernment,incollaborationwiththeprivatesector,willdevelopislandwidesportsandrecreationalfacilitiestoensurethattheentirepopulationwillhaveeasyaccesstomodernsportsfacilitiesandrecreationalfacilitiesthatwillpromotehealth,well-beingandtheinclusionofpeopleinthearea.

Opportunitieswillbecreatedtooptimizetheeconomicbenefitsemanatingfromsports.Asaresult,doorswillbeopenedtotheSriLankansportsmenandwomentoperformwellintheworldofsports.

StrategiesImprove rural sport facilities with high standardsInordertoincreasetheavailabilityofsafesportsandrecreationfacilities,theexistinginfrastructurewillbeupgradedandprogrammestobuildnewfacilitiestoaccommodatepopulationgrowthandtoencourageoptimumutilizationofschoolfacilitiesduringnon-schoolhours,willbedeveloped

Atleastonefully-fledgedsportscomplexwillbeestablishedineachProvincewithmodernfacilitiesto

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provideopportunitiesforruralsportsmenandwomentoimprovetheirtalentsandsportsskills.Thesecomplexeswillcompriseanathleticsground,indoorstadiumandagymnasiumandwillincludefacilitiesforathletics,swimmingandindoorandoutdoorgames.

Theexistingsportsfacilitiesatdistrictlevelwillbeimprovedthroughprovisionofnecessaryfacilitiesandequipment.TheD.A.RajapaksaplaygroundinHambantotawasdevelopedwithmodernsportsfacilities.Inaddition,NawalapitiyaandRuwanwellaplaygroundsandtheDiyagamaMahindaRajapaksaInternationalStadiumareatdifferentstagesofconstruction.

conditioncouldnotbeachievedatsealeveltraining(Colombo).TheAcademyisalsoexpectedtoexchangetheknowledgeofexpertsinSriLankaandoutsidethecountryandthiswillfurnishexistingscientificresearchforoptimumbenefitofyoungsportspersonneltobeexposedtohighaltitudetrainingmethods.

InadditiontotheHighAltitudeSportsComplex,aspeciallydesignedindoorstadiumwillbeconstructedinNuwaraEliyatoexposeSriLankanstowintergamessuchasskatingandicehockeywithouttravelingabroad.Beingapopulationadaptedtoatropicalclimate,theexperienceofwintergameswillbeveryexcitingforthelocalpeople.

Improve facilities for adventure sports and water sportsWorkingwiththeprivatesectortoimproveinfrastructureandfacilitiestoexpandadventuresportssuchasclimbing,mountaincycling,cliffabseilingetcandwatersportsincludingriverriding,surfingandboatriding.

Specially designed indoor stadium for winter gamesGovernmenthasalreadycommencedtheconstructionofaNationalHighAltitudeSportsTrainingAcademyatNuwaraEliya.Highaltitudetopographyfortalentsportspersonneltrainingisaneedtoachieveexcellence.NuwaraEliyahasanidealclimateforathleticstrainingbecausetheparticularweather

Structure Plan- National High Altitude Sports Training Academy in Nuwara Eliya

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Provide new sports opportunities for peoplePublicinterestinsportslikecycling,formularacing,beachsports,sailing,rafting,roller-skatingetcwillbecreatedbyprovidingnecessaryfacilitiesandsupportiveservices.Thiswillleadtocreatinginternationallevelsportspersonsinthesesports.Promotionofsuchsportswillprovideopportunitiesforpeopletorelievethemselvesfromtheirbusylifestylesandrefreshtheirlifecreatingastress-freeandenthusiasticworkforce.

establish sports academies to create international level sports personsSportsacademieswithnecessaryfacilitieswillbeestablishedinitiallyforathletics,swimmingandcricket.Themainobjectiveoftheseacademiesistoidentifytalentedsportsmenandsportswomenatdistrictandlocallevelsandprovidethemahighleveltrainingonacontinuousbasistocreateinternationallevelsportspersons.Itwillproduceamentallyandphysicallybalancedgroupofsportspersonswithasoundeducationbackground.

Improve sports facilities for disadvantaged peopleThedevelopmentprogrammesaretargetedtowardssegmentsthatarenotveryactivesuchaschildrenlivinginpoverty,girlsandwomen,personswithdisabilitiesandoldercitizens,andbarriersforparticipationwillbereduced.Sportfacilitiesforthedisabled,blindandotherdisadvantagedpeoplewillbeimprovedtopromotetheiractiveparticipationinsports.Talentedsportsmenandwomenwillbeidentifiedfromthesecategoriesanddirectedtotherelevantinternationalcompetitions.

Major Sports Complexes in Sri lanka

Chart 6.1.1target Investment 2011-2015

Target Investment 2011 - 2015

Mannar

Anuradhapura

Puttalam Polonnaruwa

Sabaragamuwa

Jaffna

Vavuniya

Kilinochchi

Mullaithivu

Trincomalee

Batticaloa

Ampara

Nuwara Eliya

Badulla

Monaragala

Galle

KurunegalaMatale

Kegalle

PuttaP ta waPolonnaruwwooolonna

oaBatticaloaoaBatticBattic

eee

AmparaAmparA araa

Duraiyappah Stadium

Ruwanwella Sports Ground

Penrith Watta Sports Ground Awissawella

Sugathadasa Stadium - Colombo

Reid Avenue Sport Complex

Mahinda Rajapaksa Stadium - Diyagama

Bogambara Stadium

Nawalapitiya Jayathilaka Stadium

Nuwara Eliya High Altitude Training Academy

gamuwaSabaragamugamuwSaSSa arag

D A Rajapaksa Stadium - Beliatta

establish community fitness centresNecessarysupportwillbeprovidedtocommunitysportorganizationstoestablishsmall-scalefitnesscentresinremotevillagesforthebenefitofallvillagers.

Provide support for hosting international sports eventsUnderthis,supportforproactivelypursuingthehostingofregional,nationalandinternationalsporteventsinSriLankawillbeprovided.Opportunitiesfortourismdevelopmentbasedonhostingevents(e.g.games,tournamentsandexchangeprogrammes)willbeexplored.

establish an effective information system AnonlinemechanismwillbedevelopedforSriLankansandvisitorstoeasilyfindandlearnaboutparksandrecreationopportunities.Througheffectivecommunication,includingsocialmarketing,awarenesswillberaisedamongSriLankansaboutthebenefits

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ofparticipationinrecreationalactivities.Regionalrecreation/tourisminventorieswhichidentifyvaluablelandscapefeaturesforrecreationopportunitieswillbedeveloped.

Upgrade and develop accessible recreation infrastructure

ThisincludesworkingwiththeProvincialandLocalAuthoritiesandotherdevelopmentpartners,

Activity-Output Matrix

Policy Strategy Activity time line

Develop island wide sports facilities in collaboration with the private sector

Providenewsportsopportunitiesforpeople

EstablishHighAltitudeSportsTrainingAcademyinNuwaraEliya 2013

EstablishspeciallydesignedindoorstadiumforwintergamesinNuwaraEliya

2013-2016

Improvefacilitiesforadventuresportsandwatersports 2011-2014

Establishcommunityfitnesscentres 2011-2020

Improveruralsportsfacilitieswithhighstandards

EstablishsportsmedicalcentresintheTeachinghospitalsincludingclinics,OrthopedicandhealthcareunitstoprovidestudentsnationallevelsportsfacilitiesoutsideColombo

2011-2013

EstablishnineworldclasssportsgroundswithnecessaryfacilitiesatKandy,Kegalle,Batticaloa,Jaffna,Moneragala,Kurunegala,Anuradhapura,HambantotaandHomagama

2011-2015

Improvesportsfacilitiesinschools

EstablishninefullyfledgedsportsschoolsinColombo,Matara,Puttalam,KandyandBatticaloa

2011-2016

Developsportscomplexesandplaygroundsinschools 2011-2020

Providepropertrainingforruralsportsmenandwomen

Conducttrainingprogrammesforruralsportsmenandwomen 2011

implementsuitableprogrammestoupgradeanddevelopaccessiblerecreationinfrastructure.Thesupportivefacilitiesandservicesintheselectedsiteswillbeimprovedtoattractpeopletotheselocations.

Joggingparksandotherrecreationalfacilitiesinurbancitieswillbeexpandedtoencouragethepeopleintheareagetactivelyinvolvedinphysicalexercise.

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6.2 healthy Nation, healthy People in a healthy Community

i consider it my responsibility to preserve the free health service and safeguard the right of every citizen for benefits there under. in this regard immediate action will be taken to enhance these services both quantitatively and qualitatively.

it is imperative that a healthy work-force is maintained, and that should be the prime responsibility of the Health sector during this second decade of the 21st century, when the country is to move towards a modern state with a speedy economic development process..... in this backdrop, i will further strengthen this service by enhancing the physical and technical infrastructure of the health service, upgrading its human resources, and bringing about a positive attitudinal changes in order to provide a still a better service to the general public.

(Mahinda chintana 2005, p 67 )

(Mahinda chintana 2010, pp 77-78)

Overview

SriLankahasachievedacommendableprogressinprovidinguniversalhealthcarefacilitiesandthecountrymustmaintainitsgloballeadroleinhealthcareinthefuture.ThemainhealthindicatorsofSriLankaarefaraheadoftheaveragesforcountriesatcomparablelevelsofincome.Socialindicatorssuchaslifeexpectancyandmortalityratesaswellaseducationhavebeenamongthebestindevelopingcountriesandareevencomparabletosomedevelopedcountries.Accesstopublichealthservicesishighinmostareasandmaternalandchildhealthcareclinicshaveperformedwellinthesociety.

FreeandcompulsoryeducationandfreehealthwhichareofferedtothecitizensofSriLankahavecontributedimmenselytoproduceimpressiveresultsinthehealthsector.

Themainchallengesinthehealthsectorinclude(a)respondingtoachangingdiseaseanddemographicpattern,(b)humanresourcemanagement,(c)improvingresponsivenessand(d)addressingtheneedsofvulnerablegroups.

Thedemographicandepidemiologicaltransitionisleadingtochallengesofaging,agrowingburdenofnon-communicablediseases(NCD)andlifestylediseases.Thepercentageofthepopulationover60yearsofageisexpectedtogrowfromcurrentlevelof11percentto16percentby2020andto29percentby2050.Therefore,thehealthproblemsoftheaging,includingmoreNCDs,willbethemainchallengeinthefuture.

Also,under-nutritionamongmothersandchildrenunderfiveyearscontinuestobeachallenge.Inaddition,persisting,emergingorre-emergingcommunicablediseases(dengue,rabies,tuberculosis,influenzaetc)inviteimmediateattentionofhealthplannersandmedicalofficers.

TheGovernment’scommitmenttoequalityinaccesstohealthcarewillleadtogreateraccessforthe

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low-incomehouseholdsforwhommedicalneedsaretypicallygreaterthanthemiddleandhighincomegroups.Tacklinginequalitieshelpstoimproveoverallhealthindicesofthecountry.

Ithasbeenidentifiedthatmanyinter-relatedissuesandchallengesfacedbythehealthsectorrequireacoordinatedandconcertedeffort.Theseeffortsmustbecoordinatedwithinthehealthsector,andalsowithothersectors.WhiletheMinistryofHealthwilltaketheleadinplanningforthesector,itneedstoensurethefullparticipationofallthoseinvolvedincontributingtoahealthynation.Inviewofthisneed,theMinistryofHealthwillberestructuredtobecomemoreresultsorientedandresponsivetopeople’sneeds.Thiswillrequireadditionalresources,intermsoffinancing,humanresourcesandphysicalinfrastructure.

Thefuturehealthcaredeliverysystemwillemployanintegratedapproachwiththreefunctionalarms,namely:(i)preventive,(ii)curativeand(iii)welfare.TheMinistryofHealthhasmadeacommitmenttowardsthepoliciesoftheGovernmentthatreflectthehealthconcernsofvulnerablepopulations,particularlyinestates,andremoteruralareas.

TheaimoftheGovernmentistocreateahealthiernationthatcontributestoitseconomic,social,mentalandspiritualdevelopment.Thefuturehealthsystemisexpectedtobeapatient-focusedsystemthatprovidesservicesclosertotheclient.Itisasystemwhichensureseasyaccesstomodernhealthcareservicesandsupportsahighqualityoflife.

towards an excellent healthcare System

Excellenceinhealthcareisplannedtobeachievedthroughtheprovisionofpatient-focused,comprehensiveandhighqualityservice.State,workinginpartnershipwiththeprivatesector,willensureequitableaccesstothehealthservices.

Privatesectorinvolvementinthehealthcarenetworkwillbeencouragedunderawell-regulatedsysteminordertoprovidehighqualityandsafehealthcareservices.

Thefuturehealthcaresystemneedstorecognizethatindividualshavemoreresponsibilityformaintaininggoodhealthandtoensurethatpeoplehavebetteraccesstohealthcaresysteminanappropriateway.

Thefreehealthserviceforeverycitizenispreserved.Allocationofpublicfundswillbebasedontheemergingprioritiesofthehealthsector.

Indicator Present 2020

Percentageofhospitalsprovidingservicestothelevelofclientsatisfaction

- 80

Percentageoftotalhealthbudgetallocatedforpreventiveservices

10 40

PercentageoftotalpopulationwithE-healthrecordcard

- 100

LifeexpectancyatbirthMaleFemale

76yrs72yrs

86yrs80yrs

Underfivemortalityrateper1000lb

13.5 6.0

Infantmortalityrateper1000lb 10.9 4.5

Maternalmortalityrateper1000lb

0.39 0.2

Percentofbirthsattendedbyskilledpersonnel

98 100

Coverageofantenatalcare(fourvisits)

93 100

Medicaldoctorsper100,000Population

60.2 100

Nursesper100,000population 99.0 150

table 6.2.1. Key health Indicators

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Future Strategies

Creating a country free from major communicable diseases TheexistingcommunicablediseasepreventionprogrammeswillberedesignedandstrengthenedtoeliminateMalaria,Dengue,RabiesandJapaneseEncephalitisfromthecountryby2020.PrevalenceofHIVinthecountryisbeingkepttoaminimumlevel.AwelldesignedepidemiologicalsurveillancesystemwillbeestablishedintheProvinceswithsmallerunitsinhospitalsandhealthcentres.Astheimmunizationisoneofthebeststrategiestoachievehealthgoals,particularlyinpublichealth,Governmentcommitmenttosustainthetrustofcontrolofcommunicablediseasesthroughvaccinationwillbeensured.NewvaccineswillbeintroducedtotheImmunizationProgrammebasedoncountryspecificneedsandevidence.

the growing incidence and mortality from non-communicable diseases will be brought under control and reduced through preventive and curative actionsAnintensifiednationalNCDprogramme,focusinginitiallyonhighburdenedNCDs,willbeimplementedtoreducethegrowingNCDburdeninSriLanka.Bettercoordinationbetweenpreventiveandcurativeprogrammesisvitalforthispurpose.Theexistingcurrativeandpreventivecareprogrammeswillbere-designedtoaddressthegrowingNCDburden.Accesstocost-effectiveprogrammes,suchasscreeningofhighriskgroupsforearlydetectiontopreventandcontrolselectednon-communicablediseases,willbemadewidespread,andavailabilityofmedicinesforsecondarypreventionwillbeensured.Communitybasedinterventionstoreduceriskbehaviorswillbestrengthenedwhileincreasingfacilitiesforindividualcounselingonlifestylechanges.

Increasing resources for preventive careSafebehaviorcandramaticallyreducethelong-termburdenandhealthcaredemandsofchronicconditions.Acollaborativemanagementapproachattheprimaryhealthcarelevelwithpatients,theirfamiliesandotherhealthcareactorsisnecessarytoeffectivelypreventmanymajorcontributorstotheburdenofdisease.

Withtheadequatefinancingsystemsandpoliciesthatsupportpreventioninhealthcare,therewillbeagradualincreaseoftheshareofpublicinvestment

forpreventivecareactivities,ensuringaproperbalancebetweencurativeandpreventivehealthcareservices.

Improve efficiency of healthcare delivery services Healthservicepractices/standardsandserviceutilizationpatternsatvariouslevelswillbereviewedinsearchingforefficiencygains.Unnecessaryinpatientcarewillbereducedwhileincreasingtheproportiontreatedasoutpatients.Theuseofhigherlevelfacilitiesforconditionsthatcouldbetreatedatalowerlevelfacilitywillalsobereducedthroughimplementationofaneffectivereferralsystem.

Developing and maintaining Centres of excellence in Cardiology, Oncology, Neurology and Neuro-traumaThesenewCentreswillcatertothecontinuingdemandforveryspecializedservicessuchascardiacsurgery,cancertreatmentandtreatmentforneurologicaldisorders.ThreenewfullyfledgedCentresofExcellenceinCardiologyinAnuradhapura,RatnapuraandJaffnahavebeentargetedby2020.TwonewCentresofExcellenceforcancertreatmenthavebeenplannedtooperateinfullcapacityinBatticaloaandKurunegala.TheEpilepsyCenterandNeuro-TraumaCentrelocatedintheColomboNationalHospitalwillcatertoalltypesofneurosurgicalproblems.

Withthesenewsuperspecialtyhospitals,thelocalpatientswillnolongerhavetoseektreatmentabroadandevenpatientsfromforeigncountrieswillbeattracted,especiallyfromthecountriesintheregion.ThesecentreswillstrengthentheinteractionbetweenSriLankanmedicalprofessionalsandexpertteamsofforeignmedicalprofessionalsincardiac,cancerandneurologicaltreatment.

Chart 6.2.1target Investment 2011-2015

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Improving facilities for medical research SriLankaisinabetterpositiontobecomeakeycentreinAsiafortheprovisionofservicesrelatingtomedicalresearchandclinicaltrialswhichisanintegralpartofthePharmaceuticalIndustry.Governmentisnowintheprocessofimprovingthenecessaryregulatoryframework.ThiswillhelpSriLankaattractmoreforeignresearchfirmsandprovidelong-termbenefitstothecountrywhileenablingSriLankanhealthprofessionalstobecomeglobalserviceproviders.

Developing a network of modern hospitals with state-of-the-art technologies and pleasant living environment Themodernizedhospitalnetworkwillcatermainlytopatientswhoneedin-houselong-termcareandemergencytreatmentandprovidecuttingedgetechnologyatanaffordableprice.Withthepleasantenvironment,withaccesstoallsupportfacilitiessuchastelevision,readingmaterials,spaceforreligiousactivitiesetcandthecaringstaff,thepatientswillfeelthehospitalmorelikehome.Whilestrengtheningtheexistingprogrammesforhospitalimprovementthroughtheprovisionofnecessaryinfrastructure,equipmentandhumanresources,assistanceofvoluntaryorganizationswillbeobtainedtoimprovetheothersupportivefacilitiesinpublichospitals.

Providing mental health services more effectivelyInnovativementalhealthprogrammeswillbeconductedinawellmanagedcommunitybasedapproachtoaddressmentalhealthandaddictionissues,particularlyofchildrenandyouthatrisk.Asaddictionandmentalillnessarefrequentlyco-occurringdisorders,attentionofspecializedcarewillbegiventoavoidunpleasantsocialandeconomicimpactscreatedinthisregard.Thiswillreducethehospitalstaysandimprovethequalityoflivesofthosewithmentalillnessandtheirfamilies.

Improving mobile healthcare serviceMobilehealthclinicswillbeconductedwiththeparticipationofwell-trainedphysicians,nurses,dentistsetcandwiththesupportofvolunteers.Thiswillprovideclinicalservicesatthedoorstepofeachcitizenenablingthemtoundergodentalandmedicalcheckupsregularly.Earlydetectionofdiseasesandmaintainingofproperhealthconditionsofpatientswillbethemainadvantagesofthesemobilehealthclinics.Itwillreducetheovercrowdingofhospitalsandhelpthegeneralpublictopaymoreattentiontotheirownhealth.Thisclinicalservicewillcatertoeverybodywithaproperandwell-managedroutineplan.

Special hospital for elderly Consideringtherapidgrowthintheelderlypopulationinthecountry,aspecialhospitalwillbesetupfortheelderly.ThishospitalwillcateronlytotheelderlysimilartotheLadyRidgewayHospitalwhichtreatsonlychildren.Inaddition,specialwardswillbeopenedfortheelderlyinStatehospitals.

hospital type No. of hospitals

Bed Strength

NationalHospital 1 2990

TeachingHospital 18 14242

ProvincialGeneralHospital 5 5683

DistrictGeneralHospital 18 9040

BaseHospitalTypeA 22 5467

BaseHospitalTypeB 43 5636

DistrictHospital 122 10818

PeripheralUnit(Hospital) 101 5306

RuralHospital 182 4778

PrisonHospital 7 241

EstateHospital 10 217

SpecialCampaignHospital 3 142

Other 2 503

CentralDispensary&MaternityHome

83 1103

MaternityHome 2 24

CentralDispensaries 387 240

TOTAL 1006 66430

table 6.2.2. Medical institutions & bed strength in Sri lanka

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More services will be provided in more patient-friendly settingsThehealthcareservicesinSriLankahavebeenbuiltonasystemwherecurativecareservicesdominate.Thesystemdoesnotprovideacontinuouscareplan;bothpreventiveandcurativecareplanforindividualsfocusonalifetimeapproach.Therefore,plansarenowbeingpreparedtoinstitutionalizeacontinuoushealthcareplanforall,linkingeverypersontoaprimaryhealthcareinstitution.Primarycareandcurativefollow-upactivitieswithscreeningofdiseasesandworktowardspatientandfamily-centredpromotionandpreventionwillbeputinplaceunderthisnewplan.

Individualhealthrecordswillbemaintainedatallhealthfacilitiestoensurecontinuityofcareforchronicdiseases,regularriskassessmentandfunctioningofappropriatereferralandbackreferralsystem.Referralandcounterreferralsneedtobebetterorganizedandmonitoredforthispurpose.Suppliesanddrugshavetobeorderedandstocked,takingthecounterreferralpossibilityintoaccountforthemostfrequentdiseasessothattheprimarylevelwhichwillprovidethefollowupwouldbeintouchwithandreadyforthesituation.

MedicalInformationCentreswillbeestablishedattheprimarycareinstitutionstofacilitatethecommunicationofaccurateinformationaboutdiseasesandaboutmedicalandhealthissuessupportingaparadigmshifttowardsintegrated,preventivehealthcare.

establishing an electronic health Record Card SystemHealthrecordswillbeelectronic,lifelong,accessiblefromanywhereandlinkedtootherrecords,likeNICandotherpersonalrecords.ForthispurposecomputerizeddatabaseswillbeestablishedatNational,ProvincialandDivisionallevels.Inordertoensurecontinuityofcare,aspecialrecordbookwouldbeusedbyeachindividualinthecountry.TheinsidecoverofthisrecordbookwillbedesignedtobetheHealthCard.Eachpersonwillbeencouragedtocarrythehealthrecordbook.Practitionersofallsystemsofmedicinewillbeencouragedtomakebriefnotesofconditiontreated,diagnosis,medicinesgivenetcasthiswillbehighlycosteffectiveandwillprovideeasyaccesstomedicalrecords.

Introducing effective and affordable new technologies and innovations into the state healthcare servicesNewtechnologiesandinnovationstoreducemorbiditywhileincreasingthequalityandefficiencyofcareareessentialfordevelopmentofthehealthsector.Meanwhile,itisnecessarytoensurethatavailableequipmentisinproperworkingconditionandutilizedtooptimalcapacity.

Promote and popularize tele-health servicesThehealthcareentitieswillmoveawayfromthemedicalcentreconcepttooneofavirtualcommunity.Thiswillprovidemorealternativesforconsumersofhealthcare.Theywillacquiretheabilitytocomparethequalityandcostsofcare.ThroughInternetandtwo-waymultimediaconnections,accesstophysiciansandCommunityHealthCentreswithoutphysicallybeingtherewillbecomepractical.Physiciansandtechnicianswillbeabletoperformroutinetestsandphysicalsinthepatient'shomeorofficeviaconnectedElectro-cardiographers(EKGs,EEGs)andportabletele-healthunits,whichwillincludediagnosisviahelmetsorhats,andgloveswithtactileability.Expertsystemsandartificialintelligencewillpresentcaregiverswithbestpracticeoptionstothedeliveryofcare.

Regulating private health institutions for better serviceWell-regulatedandstreamlinedprivatehealthservicewillensuretheprovisionofinnovative,qualityandaffordablehealthcaretothepublic.By2020,thePrivateHealthServicesCouncilisexpectedtoreviewtheentirenetworkofprivatehealthoperationsbystreamliningregistrationofPrivateMedicalInstitutions,inspectionofinstitutionsandaccreditationtohandlepresentchallenges.

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Improving public-private partnerships in providing healthcare servicesPrivatesectorinvolvementinthehealthcarenetworkwillbeencouragedunderawell-regulatedsysteminordertoprovidehighqualityandsafehealthcareservices.Theseprivatehealthcareinstitutionswillbeconsideredtogetherwithsimilarpublicinstitutionsinratingthequalityoftheserviceprovided.Thus,thecompetitivenesswillassureeffective,efficientandresponsibleserviceprovidersinbothpublicandprivatesectors.

Increasing local drug production capacityBy2020,SriLankanlocalpharmaceuticalcompanieswillhaveasignificantshareofthedrugmarket.Theywillalsobeabletocatertotheforeignmarket,competingwithotherSouthAsianmedicaldrugsproducers.GovernmentwillincreasethecapacityoftheStatePharmaceuticalManufacturingCorporationwhileencouragingprivatesectortosetupnewproductionplantsaspartnershipprojects.

inreceivingexpensivemedicaltreatmentanddeathsoccurringduetoinadequatefinancialcapability.Suchaninsuranceschemewillsafeguardtheabilityofanycitizentoconsumetherequiredhealthcareneedsirrespectiveoftheprice.

Promoting medical tourismTheindigenousmedicinesystemswillbedevelopedtoattractinternationalinterest.By2020,SriLankawillbeabetterdestinationforgettingeffectiveindigenousmedicaltreatments.ThiswillleadtoabettercontributiontotheGDPwhilecreatingvariousemploymentopportunities.

healthcare professionals of international standardsBy2020,therewillbediversehealthcareprofessionalsofinternationalstandards.Thisteamwillconsistnotonlydoctors,dentistsandnursesbutalsodieticians,beautytherapists,physicaltherapists,laboratoryspecialists,radiologists,mentalhealthspecialistsetc.Thesespecialistswillbegeneratedbythelocalhighereducationchannelstomeettheglobaldemand.Newskillsdevelopmentandtechnicaltrainingprogrammeswillbeintroducedinmainpublictraininginstitutionstoproduceprofessionalswiththesenewskillscategories

Strengthening nutritional surveillance of pregnant mothers, infants and pre-school children (under five years) Levelsofmalnutritionremaintoohigh,particularlyinthepoorestfamiliesandvulnerablegroups.Hence,nutritionallevelsofexpectantmotherswillbeimprovedthroughprovisionofknowledgeonkeypracticestopromotegoodnutritionamongprepregnantwomenandduringpregnancyandbettertargetingoffoodsupplementation.Also,vitaminandmineralsupplementationprogrammesimplementedbyMCHclinicsandotherhealthclinicswillbestrengthened.

Itisnecessarytoenhanceknowledgeandpromotecorrectnutritionalpracticesamongadolescents(bothinschoolandoutofschool)andyouthandtoinitiateintegratednutritionprogrammesforadolescents.Themainimprovementinnutritionallevelswillcomefromimprovingfoodsecurityofthepoorthroughraisingincomesandfoodassistance.Towardsthisend,thehealthsectorcancontributethroughtargetedinterventions,suchasforpregnantmothers,andbyimprovingdietaryhabits.

Regulating drug pricesThenationaldrugpolicywillbefullyimplemented.Accordingly,drugscanbeprescribedonlybytheirgenericnames.AlistofessentialdrugsandtheirpricesarepublishedbytheNationalDrugRegulationAuthorityannually.Thiswillavoidthehugepricevariationsforthesamedrug.

Promoting alternative financing options for healthcareBy2020,allcitizensareexpectedtobecoveredbyatleastonehealthinsuranceprogramme,sponsoredbydifferentstakeholdersincludingprivateemployers,governmentinsuranceschemesandcommercialhealthinsurances.Thiswilleliminatetheunnecessaryburdenscarriedbythelowerincomepatientsandtheirfamilies

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Development Initiatives by time horizon

Short term (by 2013)

Medium term (by 2016)

long term (by 2020)

1)ExpandOPDfacilitiesatprimarycareinstitutions

2)IntroduceHealthRecordCardforeachcitizen

3)Developandimplementanintensified

NCDpreventionprogramme

4)EstablishCentresofExcellenceinCardiology

NHSLColombo

5)EstablishCentresofExcellenceinOncologyat THBatticaloa

6)EstablishCentresofExcellencein Neuro-traumaNHSLColombo

7)SelectiveupgradingofNationaland Provincialhealthfacilities

8)Introducelegislationtopromotemedicalresearch

9)Strengthenmobilehealthcareservices

10)AmbulatorycareunitatNHSL.

11)Providenecessaryfacilitiesfordoctorsintheruralareas

12)Strengthentheexistingcancertreatmentunits.

13)OPD&Clinicalcomplex-CastleHospital,

14)TheatreComplexTHKegalle

15)ClinicalbuildingGDHKalutara

16)WardComplexTHKalubowila

17)DevelopmentofTHKurunegala

18)DevelopmentofEstateSectorHospitals

19)TheatrecomplexGHKandy

20)TheatrecomplexRagama

21)AccidentserviceDGHRatnapura

22)WardComplexGHHambantota

23)Emergency&traumacentreKarapitiya

24)DevelopmentofJaffnaTH

25)Maternal&childhospitalBeliatta

26)NationalHIV/AIDSpreventionprogramme

27)Nutritionalinterventionprogrammestocoverall

undernourishedexpectantmothers28)Rehabilitation/improvementofselectedMoHoffices,

MCHs,&otherhealthclinics,provisionofnecessaryequipment&vehicles(New)

29)Recruitandtrainstaffnecessaryfor preventiveservicesinestatesector

30)Recruitandtrainnecessarystaffforthehospitalswhicharebeingdevelopedintheestatesectoraswellasinotherareas

31)Implementreviseddrugpolicy

32)Establishdisasterandaccidentpreventionandresponseprogrammeestablished

33)Communitybasedprogrammesfor careofeldersanddisabled

34)EstablishCentresofExcellenceinCardiologyatTH

AnuradhapuraandJaffna

35)EstablishCentresofExcellencein OncologyTHKurunegala

36)EstablishEpilepsyCenteratNHSLColombo

37)Introduceelectronichealthrecordcardforeverycitizen

38)SelectiveupgradingofNationalandProvincialhealthfacilitiesinordertomakecurativeservicesmoreaccessibletotheruralpoor

39)Introducetele-healthservicestopublichospitals

40)DevelopmentofDentalHospital,

41)DevelopmentofPanaduraHospital

42)DevelopmentofperipheralBloodbank.

43)DevelopmentofMoneragalahospital

44)DevelopmentofArmyHospital

45)Strengthenmaternitycareservicesbyprovidingvillagelevelmaternityclinics,medicaladviceand

relatedservices

46)Providenecessaryfacilitiesfornursingtrainingschools

47)Increaseintakeofmedicalstudents

48)Alternativeprogrammesincludingincreasingscholarshipstoproducespecialistdoctorstomeetrequirements

49)Manufacturelocallydrugswitharelativelyhighdemand

50)StrengthentheSPMC

51)Malaria,DengueandRabiescontrol.

52)DevelopaHealthInformationpolicy,ITenabledHealthInformationSystemconnectedwithallhospitalsandstrengthenthecapacityamongmanagersand

usersofinformation

53)Popularizetele-healthservices

54)Epidemiologicalservices(on-going)

55)Schoolhealthprogrammes(on-going)

56)OralHealthServiceManagementProject(New)

57)Programmesfortotaleradicationof Malaria,Dengue&Rabies(on-going)

7. Comforts, ConvenienCe and satisfaCtory lifestyle

Environment

SriLanka:TheWonderIslandofAsia

HousingforAll–Prosperousand HealthySociety

UrbanDevelopment

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My aim is to promote sustainable development in close liaison with the land, fauna and flora and to bestow our natural heritage to our future generation.

(Mahinda Chintana – 2005 p 61)

(Mahinda Chintana – 2010 p 64)

My administration will be based on policies aiming at conserving the environment, nationally and internationally. Due to the application of the principle that the ‘abuser should pay for the abuse,’ the Environment Ministry is self-financing reducing the burden on the Treasury.

7.1 environment

in reaching the above vision, concerted efforts need to be made in order to overcome the following major issues.

n Gradualdepletionofgreencovern Increasingtrendofthehuman-elephantconflicts duetodegradationofnaturalforestsn Maintenanceofinefficientsolidwaste

managementpracticesn Airpollutioncausedbyinefficientfuel

consumptionn Upperwatershedwatersourcesdiminutionn Coastalconservationandmanagement

development of forest Cover and mitigation of the Human-elephant Conflict

Theforestcoverwillbeincreasedfrom23percent(atpresent)upto35percentofthetotallandareawiththereforestationinurbanandruralareas.Toachievethis,the“NationalTreePlantingProgramme”

indicator 1999 2008 2016

Forestcover(ha‘000) 1942 1055 1280

Protectedareasunder 1471 1046 1500wildlifeconservation(ha‘000)

Totalwastecollection 2544 2900 6200inurban&suburbanareas(Tonnes/day)

Numberofhuman 123 209 20deathsduetohuman-elephantconflict

Numberofelephant 150 169 30deathsduetohuman-elephantconflict

AirqualityinColombo 67 64 40city(Annualaverageof (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)particulatematterlessthan10micrometers)

Directemployment 120,000 150,000 300,000generationthroughdevelopmentofcoastalresources

SoUrCE:MINISTryoFENvIroNMENT

table 7.1.1 Key target indicators

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forthereforestationofurbanandruralareaswillbeimplemented.The“WanaThuruSevana”programmeforprotectingtheforestswithculturalvalueswillbeexpandedwiththeactiveparticipationofthepublic,schoolchildrenandprivatesector.About200,000schoolchildrenwillbetrainedas“EnvironmentalPioneerBrigades”andmadetoactivelyparticipateinmaintainingandmonitoringtheseprogrammes.

Allthecatchmentareaswillbereforestedtoconservewaterresources.Anintegratedwaterresourcemanagementsystemwillbeestablishedonapublic-privatepartnershipbasis.Environmentaleducationandawarenessprogrammeswillbeimproved/updatedtoprotectthenaturalresources.

Thesuburbswillbeadornedthroughplantinggreentrees,settingup‘green’walkinglanes,conservingcultivablelands,andrehabilitatingcanals.The“Greenvillage”programme,whichwasinitiatedtoachievethisobjective,willbecontinuedinaneffectiveandefficientmanner.

Thisinterventionwillbemadetoprotectionourwaterresourcesandcatchmentareas,protectionofoceanandaquaticresources,preventionofairpollutionandsoilerosion.The“HarithaLanka”programmewillbelaunchedtoachievetheseobjectivesbringingallthestateinstitutionsconcerningenvironmentprotectionunderoneplatformoftheMinistryofEnvironment.

Asystemwillbeintroducedtopreservebiodiversitythroughrespectingfaunaandflora.Aneffectivesystemwillbeintroducedtoprotectoceanandaquaticresources.The“HelaThuruSevana”programmeforconservationofindigenousplantspeciesfacingextinctionwillbeimprovedandexpanded.

Allsanctuarieswillbemodernizedandreopened.Theconservationofelephantsmitigatingthehumanelephantconflictswillbegivenhighpriority.

About40millionlocalplantsareplannedtobeplantedinallDivisionalSecretariatareasprotectingbiodiversityduringnextfiveyears.Inparalleltothisprogramme,schoolnatureparkswillbeestablishedinallschools.Arangeofforestsclosetocommunitieswillbepromotedtomaintaintheforestcoveranditsbio-diversity.Alternativesfortimberwillbeintroducedandconsumptionoffuelwoodwillbereducedthroughthepromotionofnon-conventionalenergysources.

Theslumsincities,particularlyinColombocity,willbeconvertedtoenvironmentfriendlysettlementsthroughprovisionofbetterhousesinsuitableplaces.Treeswillbeplantedinandaroundthecitiesandalongtheroads.Thiswillmakebeautifulcitieswhichattractforeignandlocaltourists.Aprotectedareanetworkwillbeestablishedtoconservefaunaandfloraandensuretherecoveryofimportantthreatenedspecies.

Chart 7.1.1investment for the development of forest Cover,

monitoring of air Quality and mitigation of Human-elephant Conflicts

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air Quality management

Publictransportandrelatedinfrastructuresystemswillbeimprovedusinggreentechnologies.Cleanerfuelswillbepromotedtoreducehealthhazards.Anenvironmentallyfriendlytransportsystemwillbeestablishedthroughoutthecountrywiththeimprovementofvehicleemissionstandards.

IncoordinationwiththeMinistryofAgricultureandotherstakeholders,theinnovativemethodssuchasintegratedplantnutrientmanagement,usageoforganicfertilizer,greenhousetechnologyandtissueculturewillbeintroducedtotheagriculturesectortopreventenvironmentalpollution.Useoforganicfertilizerinagriculturewillbeincreasedbypromotingproductionofhighqualityorganicfertilizer.Compostbinswillbeintroducedtourbanhouseholdsandruralhouseholds.Inaddition,renewableenergysourcessuchastidalpower,wavepower,windpower,solarpower,andbiomassplantswillbeestablishedtonegatetheeffectsofcertainformsofpollution.TheparticularstrategiesarediscussedindetailsinthechapteronElectricity.

Cleanerproductiontechnologywillbeintroducedtoallindustriestoexerciseenvironmentalcareandsocialresponsibility.

Qualitystandardsareplannedtobeintroducedtoidentifythequalityoftheenginesofthevehiclesandroadnetwork.Passengerandfreighttransportthroughtherailwaysystemwillbepromotedandtheentirerailwaysystemwillbeimprovedforthispurpose.

solid Waste management

Effectivesolidwastemanagementhasbeenidentifiedasapriorityareainthemediumtermdevelopmentplanofthegovernment.LocalAuthoritiesandotherrelevantenforcingagencieswillbestrengthenedtomonitorregulations,imposepunishmentsandfollowthepreventiveprocedure/principlethatabusershouldpayforabuse.

Moderntechnologyandprivatesectorinvestmentwillbeusedtoimplementwastemanagementprogrammeseffectivelyandefficiently.Allthewaste,generatedintheLocalAuthorityareas,areplannedtobeconvertedintobiogasandorganicfertilizer.Theresidueswillbedumpedinsanitarylandfills.recyclingofplasticandpolythenewillbeincreasedfromtheexisting40percentto100percentforthediminutionofusageofthevirginplastic.

Chart 7.1.2investment for the solid Waste management

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Allindustriesareencouragedtorunaseco-friendlyindustriesthroughintroductionofeffectivewastemanagementsystems.

Withthesupportofrelevantagencies,actionplanswillbedevelopedandimplementedtofacethepotentialenvironmentalchangessuchasdroughts,floods,cyclones,tsunami,andextinctionofspecies,endemicdiseasesandthreatstofoodcultivation.

disaster management

Acultureofsafetyofthenationwillbecreatedthroughsystematicmanagementofnatural,technologicalandman-madedisasterrisks.Bothpublicandprivatesectormediawillbevoluntarybodiestopreparethecountryforenvironmentalchanges.Allcitizenswillbemadeawareofnaturaldisasters,mitigationandadaptation.Existinglawsontheaspectsofsafety,licensingandenforcementfortheprotectionofpublicsafety,propertiesandenvironmentwillbereviewedandstrengthened.

Landdegradationwillbereducedthroughtheimplementationofappropriatetechnologyandenforcementoftherelevantlegislation.

Well-equippedtrainingcenterswillbeestablishedtoprovidetraininginthefieldofdisastermanagementandcreateawarenessfocusingonempoweringthepublicwithwaysandmeanstoreducedisasterlosses.

Watershed and Water resources Conservation

ThemajorissuesfacingthewatershedsofSriLankaarethedegradationofnaturalresourcesbaseandpollutionofwatersheds,increasedfluctuationintheseasonaldistributionofstreamflows,reducedtotalannualyieldofwaterfromcatchments,increasedrateofsedimentcarriedbystreamstothereservoirs,increasedrateofsoilerosioninupperareasofthewatershedsandhabitation.Thewatershedandcatchmentareasofriversthatareidentifiedasimportantsourcesofwaterwillbeeffectivelymanagedtoensuregoodinfiltrationleadingtogroundwaterrechargeandsediment-freerunoff.

Agricultural,aquacultureandindustrialventuresthatpractisecorrectwastedisposal,wastewatertreatmentanddisposalmechanisms,andrecyclingofwaterinordertoavoiddischargingharmfuleffluentstothewaterbodieswillbepermittedtocarryouttheirfunctionwithinthewatershedandcatchmentareas.

Therelevantstateinstitutions,incollaborationwithallrelevantlocalandmunicipalauthorities,privateorganizations,NGosandschoolchildrenwilllaunchprogrammestokeeptheinlandwaterbodiescleanthroughanintegratedwaterresourcesmanagementapproach.Inadditiontothis,theUrbanDevelopmentAuthorityincollaborationwiththeArmedForceswillalsoconductprogrammesonkeepingwaterbodiescleanintheurbanareas.

Coastal Conservation and management

Thecoastalregionaccommodates70percentofregisteredtouristhotels,contains70percentofagriculturallands,andincludesthefourmajorports,withtwelvefisheryharboursinoperation.Thecoastal

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sectorprovides150,000directemploymentandcontributesabout2.7percenttotheGDP.Arecentstudyhasrevealedthatcontributioncanbeincreasedsignificantly.

Aneffectiveintegratedcoastalzonemanagementframeworkwillbeintroducedtoaddresswidelyvaryingandintegratedissuesinordertopreventthedepletionofcoastalresourcesandensureeffectivecoastalzonemanagement.

residenceslocatedinthebufferzonesofcoastalareasandindustriesaffectedbytheshorelineandcoastalecosystemwillbeshiftedtosuitableareasprovidinginvaluabletangiblebenefitsofthecoastalzonestothenationandpeople.

Ajointmanagementwillbesetupwiththeprivatesectortosustaincoastalvegetation,habitat,landscapesandfeatureswhichaddnaturalbeautyandaestheticvaluetotheenvironment.

Coastalandmarineenvironmentaldegradation,whichincludesseaerosion,coastalpollutionandthreatsofoilspillstothesustainabilityofcoastalhabitats,willbereducedbytheimplementationofrelevantactsandregulations.

By2020,itisexpectedtomakeSriLankaagreencountryinwhichallthemajorenvironmentalproblemshavebeensolvedandalandfreeofelephant-humanconflict,beautifulcitiesandthemostcleanandhealthyenvironmentinAsia.

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summary of sector Policies, strategies and targets

issue strategy indicator

Presentsituation (at the end of 2010)

medium term target (at the end of 2015)

2020 target

Deforestation

replantingthealltypesofforestsensuringtheirbiodiversitybyusingenvironmentalpioneerbrigades

Percentageoftheforestcoverageoftotallandarea

23(ha1.055mn.)

28(ha1.28mn.)

35(ha.1.65mn.)

HumanElephantConflict

Increasingtheprotectedareasandopeningtheelephantcorridorsunderwildlifeconservation

Percentageoftheprotectedareasofthetotallandarea

14(ha0.64mn.)

20(ha0.91mn.)

25(ha1.14mn.)

IncreasingTrendoftheSolidWasteGeneration

Collecting,recycling,compostingandsanitarylandfillingwithwaste

Totalwastecollectionperday

2900Mt. 6000Mt. 8000Mt.

IncreasingTrendofthePlasticandPolytheneWasteGeneration

Collecting&recycling,awarenesscreationandimplementationoftaxandtarifftodiscourageimportofvirginplastics

Totalplasticwastecollectionperday

valueofimportsofplasticandpolytheneperannum

7200Mt.

rs.25bn.

9000Mt.

rs.20bn.

15,000Mt.

rs.15bn.

AirPollutionCausedbyFuelEmissions

Undertakingroadsideemissiontesting

Annualaveragesofparticulatematterlessthan10micrometers

64(µg/m3) 40(µg/m3) 30(µg/m3)

GroundLevelWaterPollution

Ensuringtheambientwaterqualitystandardsinsourcesofdrinkingwater

Proportionofpopulationusinganimprovedamongdrinkingwater(%)

84 90 100

SoilErosion

Conservingecologicallysensitiveforestareas,catchmentareasandhilltops

Soilerosioninthehillyregionsofthecountry

100(Tonnes/ha/year)

60(Tonnes/ha/year)

0(Tonnes/ha/year)

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financing options for investment in environmental improvement

Domain Activity TypesofInvestment SourceofFinancing

Public/State n Policymakingn regulatorycapacityn Educationandawarenessn Publicgoodsn Protectedareamanagementn reforestationn Servicesforpoor

n recurrentcostsn Capitalinvestments,buildingandservicesn Supportingenvironmentalexternalities

n Governmentbudgetn oDAfinancingn Private

Utilities/(Services/Infrastructure)

n WatersupplyandwastemanagementfacilitiesinMunicipalities

n Capitalinvestmentsn operationandmaintenance

n oDA,governmentbudget,privatesectorparticipationn Cost-recoverythroughusercharges

ManufacturingPrivate

n Cleanerproduction n Capitalinvestmentn operationandmaintenance

n Privatecapitalandborrowings

ManufacturingSoEs n Cleanerproduction n Capitalinvestmentn operationandmaintenance

n EnvironmentalimprovementsfinancedaspartofSoErestructuring

Household n Servicesatindividualandcommunitylevel

n Capitalinvestmentn operationandmaintenance

n Userfeesn Communityfundsn Governmentbudgetn oDAfinancing

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2016Targets

IndustrialPollutionPreventionandControlTargetsn Cleanerproductionappliedtoreducerawmaterial,waterandenergyconsumptionby10-25percentn 80-100percentindustrialhazardouswastecollectedandtreatedn Pollutionloadfromindustryreducedby10percentfromcurrentleveln 80-100percentfactoriesrelocatedtoindustrialparks

UrbanEnvironmentalTrendsn 90-95percentpopulationwithaccesstocleanwatern80-85percentaccesstoseweragesystemn80-90percentMunicipalwastecollectedinurbanareasn 80-100percentclassIandIIcitieshavelandfillswithinnationalstandards

nUseofunleadedgasoline

ForestTargetsn Forestcoverageisatleast30percentn1.9millionhaplannedby2016

reforestationandrehabilitationTargetsn 50percentreductioninbarrenanddegradedlandn 90-100percentregenerationofdepleteduplandforest

ProtectedAreasandWildlifeConservationTargetsn 25percentoftotallandareaprotected

InlandSurfaceWatersProtectionTargetsn Waterqualityinmajorfreshwatersourceswithinnationalstandardsn Nationalstandardsforsustainableuseofwaterresourcesandriverbasinprotection

CoastalandMarineProtectionTargetsn Nationalsystemofmarineprotectedareastobeestablishedn Wetlandareastobeprotectedn rateofmangroveandwetlandlosstobereducedby10percentand90percent,respectivelyn off-shorefishingprogrammetobeimplementedn Integratedcoastalzonemanagementimplemented

environmental Priorities and targets by 2010

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7.2 sri lanka – the emerging Wonder of asia

My intention is to generate environment friendly sustainable tourism instead of relying only on leisure seeking popular tourism.

(Mahinda Chintana 2005, p-59)

i will introduce an accelerated development programme for the tourism industry. i will launch a programme to fulfill the infrastructure and other requirements in order to attract 2.5 million tourists annually, by the year 2016.

(Mahinda Chintana 2010, p-94)

TheSriLankantourismindustryisoneofthefastemergingindustriesoftheeconomywithaverageannualrevenueofUS$400millionatpresent.ItisthesixthlargestforeignexchangeearnerinSriLanka.Ithascreatedemploymentforabout125,000persons.Atpresent,nearlyhalfamilliontouristsvisitthecountryeveryyear.

Thereare242registeredhotelswith14,461roomsand629supplementaryestablishmentswith5,946roomstocatertotouristsvisitingSriLanka.AveragespendingpertouristperdayisUS$81.8andaveragedurationofstayisninedays.

SriLankahasexoticsandybeaches,largegreeneries,historicalartifacts,agoodclimate,spectacularlandscapeinthehighlands,arichbiodiversityandfriendlyandwelcomingpeople.Thesedistinctive

opportunitieswillbeutilizedtodevelopthetourismindustryasamajorgrowthsectorinthedevelopmentoftheeconomy.

Thegovernment’svisionistotransformSriLankantourismsector,by2020,tobethelargestforeignexchangeearnerintheeconomy;positionSriLankaastheworld’smosttreasuredandgreenestislandandattracthighspendingtouristswhilepreservingthecountry’sculturalvalues,naturalhabitatsandenvironment.

Thegovernmenthastargeted2.5milliontouristsby2016andanadditionalroomcapacityofabout45,000tomeetthistarget.ThissectorisalsoexpectedtoreceiveinvestmentsinexcessofUS$2billioninthemediumterminareasofluxuryhotels,highqualityresidenciesandhighendshoppingmalls.

Themultipliereffectintheinvestmentontourismisenvisagedintheconstruction,furniture,transportandfoodandbeverageindustriesinthecountry.Estimatesrevealthattheseindustrieswillprovideemploymenttoabout100,000personsalongwiththenewinvestments.

An Island with mysterious beauty

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increase of tourist arrivals and earnings

Thesectorisexpectedtoattractmorethanfourmilliontouristsby2020.ThesectorisalsoexpectedtogenerateemploymentforaboutonemillionpersonsandincomeamountingtoaboutUS$8billion.

Chart 7.2.1expected tourist arrivals and earnings(2010-2020)

regionalcooperationwillbestrengthenedtoincreasetourismopennessthroughtherelaxationofregulatorybarriers.InternationalandlocalairlinesareencouragedtooperateinSriLanka.ComprehensivemarketpromotioncampaignswillbeimplementedtobuildapositiveperceptiononSriLankaglobally.

ATourismCentrewillbeestablishedofspecialculturalimportancetoAsiatoattractreligioustouristsfromneighbouringcountries.MajorcitiesofthecountrywillbedevelopedtobeattractivetouristcitiesinAsia.

Promotion of Up-scale tourism

Up-scaletourismwillbepromotedandhighspendingtouristswillbethetargetgroup.SpendingpertouristperdayisexpectedtoriseoverUS$200duringthenexttenyears.

Eco-luxuriousexperiencesforup-scaletouristswillbeensured.Internationalshoppingfacilitieswillbepromotedinmajorcitiestoassureshoppingexperiencefortourists.

Insteadofrelyinguponcheaperproducts,thetourismsectorwillbeencouragedtocreateregionaltourismbrands.Thiswillleadtocreatecompetitivenessintourismandwillattractmoreofup-scaletourists.

diversification of tourism

Tourismproductswillbediversifiedwithspecialemphasisoneco-tourism.Adventuretours(safaris,jungletours,mountaintrekking)willbeprovided,tappingthetourismpotentialofthenaturaltopographyandtheecologicalvaluesofthecountry.

Underwaterexploration,aquaticadventuresandsportsinthesea,naturalwaterstreamsandreservoirsaresometargetedactivitiestobepromotedunderthetourismdevelopmentstrategy.Boatridingfacilitieswillbeimprovedinmajorreservoirsandrivers.Facilitieswillbeimprovedforexploringmagnificentcoralreefs,coastalfishing,anddolphinandwhalewatching.Birdwatchingopportunitieswillbepopularizedandimproved.

Kumana bird sanctuary

SupportwillbeextendedtolocalentrepreneurstoconstructAyurvedichealthcarecentreswhichcouldleadtoanincreaseoftourists.Governmentandprivateownedagrofarmsaredevelopedastouristattractions.

Communitybasedtourismandtouristvillagesarealsotobepromotedtoincreasevaluechangeintourismbasedactivitieslinkingwithruraleconomy,harvestingseasons,wildlife,farmingpractices,art,cultureandreligions.

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focus on new market

ThenewmarketssuchasAmerica,EastAsia,MiddleEast,EasternEuropeandAustralasiaarebeingattracted.Astate-of-the-artinformationcentrewillbeestablishedfortourismpromotionutilizinge-commercetools.PromotioncampaignswillbeimplementedwiththeparticipationofSriLankandiasporaandmissionsabroad.overseasmarketpromotionactivitieswillalsobeencouraged.

development of tourism infrastructure

Accommodationfacilitieswillbeincreasedwiththeconstructionof50,000hotelroomstocatertotheexpectedincreaseintouristarrivals.

Basicinfrastructuresuchasroadnetwork,townships,telecommunicationfacilities,restaurants,restingfacilitiesandwatersupplyinallmaincitiesandtouristsiteswillbedevelopedtocreateaconduciveenvironmenttopromotetourism.

visitors’facilitieswillbeimproved.Dayandnightrecreationalcentresandparks,aswellasurbanforestationwillbeestablishedinordertobuilda

relaxingenvironmentinmaincities.

new destination Promotion

ImplementationofflagshipinfrastructureprojectsfordevelopmentofthetourismzonesontheWesternandEasterncoastalbelthasalreadybeenundertaken.

Chart 7.2.2 expected Public and Private investments ThiswillcoverareassuchasArugamBay,Trincomalee,Kalpitiya,Negombo,Dedduwa,Galle,MullaitivuandHambantota.

Withtheimplementationofe-tourismsolutionsandefficientdeliveryofvisitors’information,itiseasytopromotenewdestinations.

making tourist attractions and events Popular

Localandinternationaltouristswillbeofferedawiderangeofattractionsandevents.Adatabaseoftouristattractionsandfacilitieswillbecreatedandaneventscalendarwillbepublished.Promotionoffestivalssuchastheramayanayafestival,literaryfestival,teafestivalandfoodandfruitfestivaltoattractmoreforeignanddomestictouristswillbeundertaken.

Arugam- Bay

event month of the year

Sinhala/HinduNewyearFestival

April

vesak/PosonFestivals May/June

KataragamaFestival July

KandyPerahera August

NallurFestival August

Adam’sPeakSeason DecembertoApril

MaduFestival August

velFestival August

LiteraryFestival September

7.2.1 the event Calendar

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Promote domestic tourism

Domestictourismwillbefacilitatedbyprovidingadequateaccommodationfacilitiesataffordablerates.Assistancewillbeprovidedtoresidentsofpopulartouristdestinationstostartsmallcomfortablehousesfortouristsatreasonablerates.Allreligiousplacesofworshipwillbedeveloped.Thehistoricalplaceswillbeupgradedandancientcitytourswillbearranged.

SpecialpromotioncampaignswillbeconductedtopopularizeunpopulartouristsitesinSriLankathroughelectronicmediaandprintedmaterial.

Domestictravelpackageswillbearrangedwiththeparticipationofluxurybusserviceprovidersandlocalhotelserviceproviders.opportunitieswillbecreatedtoopenupinternalairlinesandseaplaneservices.

Asoundcooperationandcoordinationamongpublicandprivatesectors,andtourismorganizationswillbeensuredthroughtheestablishmentofa“DomesticTourismUnit”.Theformedunitshouldconsistofstatisticalinformationlikenumberandvariationoftourists,numberofovernightstays,accommodationfacilitiesusedandchangeintourismactivitiesaccordingtotheage,gender,levelofeducationandwealthoftourists.

Domestictouristquotasatdiscountedpriceswillbeallocatedtomeettherecreationalneedsoflowandmiddleincometourists.

Thesetting-upofthemeparkswithwaterrelatedadventures,modernrollercoasterrides,recreationalfacilitiesandotherserviceswillbepromotedthroughthepublic-privatepartnershipbasis.

Nallur Festival

Internationalsportcompetitionssuchascricket,ruggerandathleticsarefurtherareastobepromotedinsporttourism.

Thefacilitiesformeetings,conferencesandexhibitionswillbeimprovedpromotingtheMICEindustry.Fullyfledgedinternationalconventioncentreswillbeestablished.

developing industry Professionalism

Thegovernmentwillimproveproductivityofthetourismindustry,throughbuildingprofessionalisminthetravelandhotelindustries.Theprivatesectorwillbeencouragedtosetupworldrenownedhuman

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resourcedevelopmentcentrestomeettheemergingneedsofthetourismindustrylocallyandabroad.Hotelmanagementandtourismpromotionsubjectswillbeprovidedinthecurriculumofuniversityacademicprogrammes.

Simultaneously,thegovernmentwillextendmaximumsupporttotheprivatesectortraininginstitutionswithaviewtomaintainingthestandardsofservices.Licensingoftourguidesinordertostandardizetheirservice(throughacompetencytest)andaccreditationoftravelagentswillbeundertaken.

Conservation of fauna and flora as tourist attraction

SriLankahasaveryhighdegreeofspeciesdiversitywithahighrateofendemism.Italsoliesonamajorbirdmigrationrouteandprovidesacriticalhabitattomanymigratorybirds.Inkeepingwithitsstrongtraditionofconservation,about13percentofthetotallandareaisprotectedundertheDepartmentofWildLifeConservation(DWC).Thisismadeupof21NationalParks,threeStrictNaturereserves,fourNaturereserves,oneJungleCorridorand61Sanctuaries.

Thereductionofspeciesrichnessandnaturalhabitatsasaresultofunregulatedhumanactivitiesinprotectedareasthreatensourwildlifeandleadstoanendlessman—animalconflict.

The beauty of nature

Thestrategiesforachievingapolicyofwildlifemanagementwillinclude:

n Integratingbio-diversitymanagementandconservation.

n ExpansionoftheDWC’sresponsibilitiesandequippingitwithagreaterdegreeofprofessionalskills.

n Theconservationofelephantsandconcomitantlymitigatingthehuman-elephantconflictwhichwillbegiventhehighpriority.

n Determiningthecarryingcapacityofprotectedareas,whichwillincreasethesustainabilityofprotectedareasthroughzoningandcorridordevelopment.

n StrengtheningtheDWC’sskills,whichwillenablethemtomanageprotectedareaseffectively.

n Improvingwildliferesearchwhichwillcontributetowardseffectivemanagementdecisions.

n Developingandimprovinginfrastructurefacilitieswithintheprotectedareas,togetherwithhabitatmanagement.

n visitorfacilitiesinnationalparkswillbedevelopedtocatertothesatisfactionoftourists.

n EstablishmentofoptimumprotectedareanetworkintheNorthernandEasternProvincesthatconservethebiologicaldiversitywhileprotectingimportantwatershedsandopeningupopportunitiestofacilitateecotourismdevelopmentactivities.

Newsafariparks,dryzonebotanicalgardensandzoologicalgardenswillbeestablishedtomeettheincreasingdemandforpublicrecreationalfacilities.ConstructionofanewsafariparkatridiyagamainHambantotaandtheestablishmentofMirijjawiladryzonebotanicalgardenhavealreadycommenced.InitialstepshavebeentakentoestablishanewzooatPinnawala/Wagollainan800acreextentofland.

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Fauna and Flora of Sri Lanka

PeradeniyaandHaggalabotanicalgardenswillbedevelopedasthehubofbotanicalresearchintheregion.Educationalmaterialsonfloraandfaunawillbedevelopedandpublishedtoenhancetheawarenessofbothdomesticandforeigntourists.Asaresult,moretouristswillbeattractedtotheseareas.

improving service standards

Safetystandardsandsecurityaspectsoftourismwillbegivenahighpriority.regulatorybodieswillbestrengthenedtoensurethequalitystandardsofproductsandsecurityaspectsoftourists.rules,regulationsandinstitutionalmechanismsrelatingtotheprotectionoftouristsandtheenvironmentwillbestrengthened.Strictpolicyvigilanceandmonitoringwillbeconductedtominimizetourismrelatedcrimesandabuses.

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summary of sector strategies and targets

strategy activities outcome / target 2020

IncreaseTouristArrivals n Buildpositiveperceptionsgloballythroughcomprehensivemarketpromotioncampaignsn Increasetourismopennessthroughregionalcooperationn DevelopmajorcitiesofthecountrytobeattractivetouristcitiesinAsia

n Increaseintouristarrivalsuptofourmillionperyear

n IncreaseintourismearningsuptoUS$8billion

PromoteUp-scaleTourism

n Assureagrandshoppingexperiencefortouristsn Maintainsafetystandardsandsecurityaspects

n IncreaseinaveragespendingpertouristperdayuptoUS$200

DiversifyTourism n organizeadventuretoursn Improveboatriding,birdwatchingfacilitiesn Improvefacilitiesforexploringmagnificentcoralreefs,coastalfishinganddolphinandwhalewatchingn Promotehealthcaretourismn Promoteagro-tourismn Promotecommunity-basedtourism

n IncreaseinrevenuefromvisitorsvisitingwildlifeparksuptoUS$1million

FocusonNewMarketsn FocusonnewmarketssuchasAmerica,EastAsia,MiddleEast,EasternEuropeandAustralasian Establishastate-of-the-artinformationcentren ImplementpromotioncampaignswiththeparticipationofSriLankandiasporaandmissionsabroadn Establishoverseasmarketpromotionunits

n IncreaseintouristarrivalsbyregionsexceptWesternEuropeandSouthAsiaupto60percent

DevelopTourismInfrastructure

n Increaseaccommodationcapacityn Encouragepublic-privatepartnerships

n Increaseinnumberofhotelroomsupto75,000

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strategy activities outcome / target 2020

PopularizeTouristAttractions,Events

n Createadatabaseoftouristattractionsandeventsn Publishaneventcalendarn PromotefestivalsinSriLanka

n Maximumdomesticvaluecreation

PromoteDomesticTourism

n Provideadequateaccommodationfacilitiesataffordableratesn Buildarelaxingenvironmentinmaincitiesn Developallreligiousplacesofworshipn Arrangedomestictravelpackagesn Createopportunitiestoopenupinternalairlinesandseaplaneservicesn Promotethesetting-upofthemeparks

n revenuefromdomesticvisitorsvisitingwildlifeparks,botanicalgardens,zoologicalgardens,museumsandtheculturaltrianglewillincreaseuptoUS$2.5million

EnhanceIndustryProfessionalism

n Encourageprivatesectortosetupworldrenownedhumanresourcedevelopmentcentresn Includehotelmanagementandtourismpromotionsubjectsintheuniversitycurriculan Extendmaximumsupporttotheprivatesectortraininginstitutionsn Licensetourguidesinordertostandardizetheserviceaccreditationoftravelagents

n Increaseinnumberofdirectandindirectemployeesuptoonemillion

ConserveFaunaandFloraTowardsTouristAttraction

n Establishanewsafariparkatridiyagaman DevelopanewdryzonebotanicalgardeninMirijjawilan EstablishanewzoologicalgardenatPinnawala

n Maximumnumberofdomesticandforeigntouristattractions

ImproveServiceStandards

n Strengthentheregulatorybodiesn Followstrictrulesandregulations

n Tourismrelatedcrimesminimized.

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My policy is that every family in Sri Lanka must own a house. To make this policy a reality, the government has already prepared a plan to construct 600,000 new houses and make‘House Ownership for all’ a reality within next six years.

(Mahinda Chintana 2010, p 40)

7.3 Housing for all – Prosperous and Healthy lifestyle

Housing and settlement development sector in a nutshell

TotalHousingStockin2007-4.3mn

TotalHousingStockin2010–5mn

HousingSectorGrowthrate–5%

TheBacklogofHousingUnits-600,000

No.ofNewHousingUnitsrequiredby2020-1,000,000

Source: Ministry of Construction, Engineering Services, Housing and Common Amenities

Chart 7.3.1 Housing sector by 2020

Background

Whileachievinghighgrowthratesintheproductionsectorsoftheeconomy,whichisvital,governmentalsogiveshighprioritytoimprovingthelivingconditionsofthepeopleofthecountry.Adecenthouseisthebaseforaprosperousfamily,whichensureshouseholdstability,strengthenssocialfabricandultimatelyenablespeopletomaketheirfullcontributiontowardsdevelopmentofthecountry.Inthiscontext,thehousingpolicyofthegovernmentaimsatensuringaffordableaccesstodecenthousingfacilitiesforeveryone,andtherebyraisingthequalityoflifeofallcitizens.

Besidesitsbasicfunctionofprovidingshelter,thehousingsectorisalsoakeydriveroftheeconomy.Ahouseistherepositoryforasignificantportionofhousehold-levelsavings.Housing,particularlytheconstructionofnewhousing,isamajorgeneratorofemployment.Thehousingsectoralsounderpinskeylocalindustriessuchasbuildingmaterialsproduction,machineryandequipment,aswellasarangeofservices.

Theworld-over,thehealthofacountry’shousingsectorisconsideredagoodproxyforthehealthofacountry’seconomyandthewellbeingofitspeople.

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Current situation and trends

AccordingtotheNationalHousingDevelopmentAuthority,in2007,totalhousingstockwas4.3mn.ofwhich,77percentwaspermanentand23percentwassemi-permanent.Thedistributionofpermanentandsemi-permanentstructuresvarieswidelyfromurbantoruralareas.

Whiledefinitionsofruralandurbanareasubjectofongoingdebate,itisclearthatthemajorityofSriLanka’spopulationstillliveinruralareasorvillages.Trendssuggest,however,thatthisisrapidlychanging.Thecountryisprojectedtohaveamostlyurbanpopulationby2020.

ThistrendtowardsurbanizationiscompoundedwiththegrowthofSriLanka’spopulation,whichisprojectedtobearound22millionby2020.

Improvementsandexpansionofhousingstockarerequiredinbothruralandurbanareas.Consideringpopulationgrowthandtheneedtoreplacehousingofsemi-permanentandtemporaryconstructionandmeetsupplyshortfalls,itisestimatedthatSriLankaneedstobuild100,000housesayear,nationwide,until2020tofillthegapandachievethetargetofensuringhousingforall.

Expansionandimprovementsinthehousingstock,combinedwithinfrastructureimprovements,inruralareasareexpectedtolessenpressureforpeopletomigratetourbanareas.Inurbanareas,housingimprovements/expansionsareexpectedtoimprovethequalityandaffordabilityofhousingavailable,andtofillpent-updemandandenablesustainablegrowth.

Inallareas,expansionofhousingwillbedoneinasustainablemanner—keepinginmindandensuringresiliencetotheemergingchallengesposedbychangingclimaticconditions,aswellasensuringminimalburdenonthedelicateenvironmentalsystemsthatsustainus.

Changing settlement landscape of the Country

Citiesareenginesofgrowthandmagnetsforpopulationmigration.ThemajorityofSriLanka’s

populationwillliveinurbanareasby2020.Ensuringsustainableandrationalurbanization,therefore,iscritical.

TheNationalPhysicalPlanningPolicyoutlinestheGovernment’soverarchingstrategyformanagingSriLanka’surbanizationprocess.WhileColomboanditsvicinitywillcontinuetobeamajorurbanhub,severalothermetroregionsandmegacitiesarealsoplanned,inHambantota,Dambulla,andTrincomalee.Aggressivehousingdevelopmentwillbepartandparcelofthesemetroregiondevelopments.

Housing needs of vulnerable Groups

ImprovingthehousingconditionsofvulnerablegroupsisakeypriorityoftheGovernment.Thetransformationandsubstantialimprovementofunderservedsettlementsinurbanareas,inColomboandinothercities,aretobegivenspecialattention.Thegovernmentwillseekinnovativewaystoachievethistargetincollaborationwiththeprivatesector.

Meetingthehousingneedsandupgradingthelivingconditionsofothervulnerablecommunitiessuchasplantationworkersandcoastalfishingcommunitiesarealsocritical.Thesewillalsobegivencarefulandprioritizedattention.

By2020,everyfamilyofthecountrywillhavedecent,comfortablehousingwithrequiredcommonamenitiesinculturallyvibrant,environmentallysustainableandeconomicallyproductivehumansettlements.

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strategies for the Housing sector

Changing role of the Government

TheGovernment’sroleinhousingsectorwillcontinueitsongoingshiftfromthatofadeveloperandfinancertothatofaregulatorandfacilitator.

Strategichousinginvestmentsmaystillbemadebythestate,particularlytotargetvulnerablepopulationsandtoaddressurgentneeds.However,thepreferredoptionsforhousingdevelopmentwillbethroughactiveengagementoftheprivatesector.Public-private-partnershipsaswellasincreasedFDIinthehousingsectorwillbepromoted.researchanddevelopmentofcost-effectiveconstructionmethodswillalsobeencouraged.

overall,thegovernmentwillfocusoncreatingaconduciveenvironmentforrapidandrobustdevelopmentofSriLanka’shousingmarketsnationwide.

improve and expand settlement Planning

TherapidlydevelopingandurbanizingSriLankarequireswellplannedsettlements.ThegovernmentaimstoensurethatSriLanka’sfast-expandingsettlementsgrowinasystematicandsustainablemannerthroughimprovedurbanandregionalplanning.Carefulattentionwillbegiventothecontext-specificneedsofeacharea,suchaspopulationdensities,lifestylesandlivelihoods,environmentalconditions,andsocio-economicfactors.Theimpactsofclimatechange,suchastheexpectedincreasesinfloods,droughtsandlandslideswillalsobeconsideredandplannedfor.

diversified Housing options

TheprovisionofSriLankanfamilywithmorechoicesandoptionsofhousingtomeettheirlifestylesandneedsiscritical.Housingofvariedtypesatvariedprices–rangingfromcityapartmentstoruralsinglefamilyhomes–willbedevelopedtomeetwide-rangingneedsandaffordabilitylevels.

Initiativestostimulatemoredynamichousingmarketsandbetterqualityhousingatthemiddleandlower-incomesegmentswillbepromoted.Concessionaryfinancingforhousingwillbemadeavailabletomiddleandlowincomegroups.

Governmenthousinginstitutionswillpioneertheinitiativestodevelopsocialhousingoptionsandstimulateprivatesectorinvestmenttoo.

Better Coordination among agencies

Coordinationofthevariousagenciesthatservicesettlementswillbeimproved.Theseincludewatersupply,sanitation,transportation,utilitiesandhealthcare,etc.LocalAuthoritieswillalsobeempoweredandencouragedtoincreaseefficienciesinthehousingandrelatedsectors.

Housing Quality to match improving lifestyles

IncomesinSriLankaarerising,andwithit,thedemandforbetterqualityhousingisalsoIncreasing.

Thequalityofhousingandconstructionwillbeimprovedinlinewithmodernstandardsandconceptsfromtheviewpointofsafety,comfort,energysavings,andclimateanddisasterresilience.

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Modularhousingtechnologiesanddensificationstrategieswillbepursued,particularlyintheurbanareas,tomaximizelandutilizationandtoreduceunitcost.

regularrepairandrehabilitationprogrammesforexistinghousingschemeswillalsobeintroduced,incollaborationwiththeprivatesector.

strengthen the rental Housing market

SriLankahasashortsupplyofqualityaffordablerentalhousing.Thepentupdemandforrentalhousingwillrisewithincreasedurbanization,incomes,andpopulationgrowthandmobility.

TheGovernmentwilladdresstheimpedimentstothegrowthofrentalhousingmarketsbyprovidingtargetedincentivesforlow-andmiddle-marketrentalhousingdevelopers,andbycreatingaregulatoryregimethatbalancestheneedtoprotecttherightsandinterestsofbothtenantsanddevelopers/ownersequally.

Programmes

rural Housing

Housingloanandgrantprogrammesforselectedlow-incomehouseholdswillbecontinueddependingontheneed.Moreemphasiswillbegiventoprovidetechnicalassistanceandsupporttomobilizeresources

forindividualhousebuildersinthefuture.TheNationalHousingDevelopmentAuthoritywillprovidetechnicalsupportandmanagetheloanprogramme.Duringthelastfiveyears,morethan100,000houseswereconstructedalloverthecountryunderdifferentschemessuchasGamaNeguma,estatehousing,JathikaSaviya,fisheriescommunityhousing,androofingsheetassistanceprogrammes.

development of Underserved settlements

TheGovernmentwillintroduceaprogrammetoprovidehousingfacilitiestofamilieslivinginunderservedsettlementsthoughliberalizationanddevelopmentofprimelandsinthecities.Public-PrivatePartnershipswillbeoneofthemodesadopted.TheUrbanSettlementandDevelopmentAuthorityandtheUrbanDevelopmentAuthoritywillimplementtheseprogrammeswithcooperationofprivatesectordevelopers.

Thisprogrammewillreleaseapproximately350acresofprimelandforcommercialandmixed-usedevelopment.By2015,40,000apartmentunitswillbeconstructedforshantydwellersand20,000luxuryandsemi-luxuryapartmentswillbeconstructedinformerlyunderservedareas.By2020,cityofColombowillhavenomoreshantydwellers.

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Housing facilities in emerging Urban Centres

ItisexpectedthattheestablishmentofregionalGrowthCentreswillchangethesettlementlandscapeofthecountry.Newemploymentopportunitiestobecreatedinthesemegacitieswhichwillattractasubstantialpartofthepopulationawayfromruralareas.Asoundmechanismtoprovideadequatehousingfacilitiesforthesepopulationsisimportant.

Thegovernmentwillencouragetheprivatesectortoconstructshortandlongtermrentalhousingatvariouspricepoints,includingluxuryandsemiluxuryapartmentsaswellasdormitory-typefacilities.

Inadditiontoemergingmetroareas,developerswillbeencouragedtoconstructrentalhousingintransport

hubssuchasveyangoda,Polgahawela,Kaduwela,Homagama,PanaduraandKalutara.

Impedimentsfortheprivatesectortoenterintotherentalhousingmarketwillbeeliminatedbyprovidingrequiredandsuitablelands,infrastructurefacilities,andaconduciveregulatoryenvironment.

attracting fdi for Housing

FDIfinancingwillbesoughtforlargescalehousingprojects.Attractiveincentivesandaconducivepolicyenvironmentwillbecreated.Developmentcontrolregulationsandapprovalprocedureswillbestreamlinedandmademoreefficient.

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Policy direction 2013 2016 2020

Directinterventionofgovernmentinsettlement

development.

Provisionoflandplotstolowincomefamiliestoconstructtheirownhousesinruralandestatesectors

Implementingcomprehensivehousingdevelopmentprogrammesinruralandestatesectors,basedonself-helpstrategiescharacterizedbyprovisionofcashgrant,concessionaryloansandinkindassistance

Governmentinvolvementintheconstructionpublicservants’housingschemes

Facilitatingindividualsandprivatedevelopersinresidentialdevelopmentbyimprovingcapitalstructureofhomelendinginstitutionsandreleasingstatelandsincompetitiveprice

Completingtherelocationofunderservedsettlersandreleasedthelandforcommercialandresidentialpropertydevelopment

Governmentwillfacilitateandcreateconduciveenvironmenttoprivatesectorpropertydeveloperstomeettheentirehousingrequirements.Byprovidingrequiredinfrastructureandinstitutionalsupports

Encouragingprivateandstatehousingfinancinginstitutorstointroducenewhousingfinancingproducts

Facilitationofindividualandprivatedevelopersinresidentialdevelopment

Changinggovernmentrolefromdeveloperandfinanciertoregulatorandfacilitatorinhousingdevelopmentandhomelending.

Promotinglowcosthousingtechnologiesinruralandsemiurbanhousingdevelopment

revampinggovernmenthousingschemesandfacilitatingestablishmentofhousingmanagementcommittees

Facilitatingprivatepropertydeveloperstoconstructresidentialapartmentsbyrelocatingdwellersinunderservedsettlers

Implementingpublicservantandprivatesectoremployeehousingschemewiththeparticipationofprivatedevelopersandhomelendingbanks

Introducinganddevelopingspecializedhousingfinancingproductstomeetthehousingrequirementsofmiddleincomefamilies

Ensuringeveryexpatriatefamilytoowntheirhousesbyintroducingspecialloanschemeswiththeassistanceofstateandprivatebanks.

Governmentbecomesstrongregulatorwhichwillregulatehousingfinance,qualityandstandardofapartmentsbyintroducingsuitablelegalinstruments

outcomesCompletinghousingreconstructionprogrammesintheconflictaffectedareas

Completingconstructionof300,000unitsthroughouttheisland

outcomesCompletingresettlementandunderservedsettlers

Completingconstructionof300,000unitsthroughouttheisland

outcomesBy2020everyfamilywillhavetheirownhouse

Completeconstructionof300,000unitsthroughouttheisland

activity output matrix: Housing sector

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7.4 Urban development

Colombo City and other key cities will be improved to be on par with environment friendly modern cities in middle income countries while also establishing such cities as commercial hubs in South asia

(Mahinda Chintana 2010, p 19)

Cities will be improved as environment friendly modern cities

Background

SriLankaisonthepathofrapidurbanization.Althoughthemajorityofourpopulationisyetbasedinruralareas,thissituationisfastchanging.Wewillsoonbeapredominantlyurbansociety.Thistrendtowardsurbanization,whichisshowninmanycountries,isvirtuallyunstoppable.

Citiesandtownsaretheenginesofoureconomicgrowthinthepresentscenario,andtheirsignificancewillincreaseinthefuture.Therefore,effectivemanagementandstructuringofoururbanization,andensuringsustainabledevelopmentofourcitiesarecritical.

By2020,SriLankawillhavewell-planned,economicallyproductive,environmentallysustainable,culturallyvibrant,safe,andawell-linkednetworkofcitiesandtownsthroughoutthecountry.

Current status and trends

ofSriLanka’spresentpopulationof20million,approximately35percentliveinareascurrentlydesignatedasurban.However,manyareaswhichwerenot“defined”asurbaninour2001Census,showincreasinglyurbancharacteristicssuchashighpopulationandbuildingdensity.

Theestimatedaveragerateofurbanisationduringthe2010-2020periodisthreetofourpercentperannum,whiletheannualpopulationgrowthratewillbelessthan1.2percent.Thesetrendssuggestthataround60percentofthepopulationwillbelivinginurbanareasby2020.

Thestrategiclocationofthecountry,incloseproximitytovitalinternationalmarinetransportationroutes,touristdestinationsandeconomicgrowthcentresprovideclearopportunitiesthatcanbeexploitedtounderpintheeconomiesofourcities.

Infrastructurefacilitiesinthefuturecities,townsandgrowthcentreswillbedesignedtoharnessandmaximizethebenefitsfrominternationaltradeandtransportbypositioningSriLankaasaregionalhub.

Policy direction and strategies

SriLanka’soverarchingstrategyforurbandevelopmentislaidoutintheNationalPhysicalPlanningPolicyandPlan.

TheGovernment’sgoalistodevelopasystematicnetworkofsettlementsandcitiesinthecountrythatareeffectivelylinkedwitheachotherandwiththerestoftheworld.Wellplannedcities,townsandvillageswillbedevelopedinordertocreateahighqualitylivingenvironmentforourpeople.While

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strengtheningtheindividualcharacterandidentityofeachurbanarea,services,employmentopportunities,andsocialintegrationwillalsobeencouraged.

a network of Well Planned metro Cities (first order Cities) and metro regions

Atpresent,SriLanka’surbanpopulationisconcentratedmainlyintheWesternProvince–attractedandsustainedbyeconomicactivitycentredaroundColombo.Inthefuture,however,economicopportunitywillbemoreevenlydistributed,andwithit,thecountry’surbansettlementsaswell.

ThedevelopmentoffourMetroregions,andseveralMetroCitiesisplanned.AMetroregionwillincludeaninterconnectednetworkofMetroCities,orfirstordercities.SecondandthirdleveltownswillalsobedevelopedandconnectedtotheseMetroCities,assurroundingvillages,enablingeachregiontogrowandevolveasanintegratedsystem.Eachregionwillhave

Metro Cities and Regions in the countrySource: National Physical Planning Department

itsuniqueidentity,characterandrole.TheColomboMetroregionincludesColomboasaMetroCitysupportedbyanumberofsatellitetownsincludingKadawatha,Maharagama,Piliyandala,Ja-ela,andMoratuwa.

TheMetroCitiesofAnuradhapura,Dambulla,TrincomaleeandPolonnaruwawillworktogethertoformtheNorthCentralMetroregion.HambantotaMetroCitywillbethehuboftheSouthernMetroregionwhileAmparaandBatticoloawillbetheMetroCitiesintheEasternMetroregion.

TherewillbeastronginterconnectionamongalltheMetroregionsinthecountryandtheyareexpectedtoprovideemploymentopportunitiesandservicestoamuchwiderrangeofpeopleandcounterbalancethecurrenttrendofmigrationtowardstheWesternProvince.

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table 7.4.1 target Populations for major Urban regions envisaged under the national Physical Planning Policy

City type City name taget Population metro region total

Western metro region

MetroCity Colombo 2,000,000

DistrictCapital Gampaha 750,000

DistrictCapital Kalutara 750,000

3,500,000

north Central metro region

MetroCity Anuradhapura 1,000,000

MetroCity Dambulla 1,000,000

MetroCity Polonnaruwa 1,000,000

MetroCity Trincomalee 1,000,000

4,000,000

eastern metro region

MetroCity Ampara 500,000

MetroCity Batticaloa 500,000

1,000,000

Hambantota metro region

MetroCity Hambantota 1,000,000

1,000,000

MetroCity Jaffna 1,000,000

DistrictCapital Badulla 75,000

DistrictCapital Galle 300,000

DistrictCapital Kandy 100,000

DistrictCapital Kegalla 50,000

DistrictCapital Kilinochchi 50,000

DistrictCapital Kurunegala 200,000

DistrictCapital Mannar 200,000

DistrictCapital Matale 100,000

DistrictCapital Monaragala 100,000

DistrictCapital Mulattivu 100,000

DistrictCapital NuwaraEliya 50,000

DistrictCapital Puttalam 100,000

DistrictCapital ratnapura 75,000

DistrictCapital vavuniya 100,000

total 12,250,000 9,500,000

Source: National Physical Planing Policy and Plan NPPD, 2007

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Cities of the future

ColomboCityhasalreadybeendevelopedasaFirstorderCity.Hambantota,Trincomalee,Batticaloa,Polonnaruwa,Dambulla,Anuradhapura,AmparaandJaffnaarealreadyidentifiedasemergingFirstorderCities.Further,Kurunegala,Galle,GampahaandNuwara-EliyaarealsoidentifiedaspotentiallocationsforfutureFirstorderCities.

Eachofthesecitieswillprovideahighlevelofurbanservices,amenitiesandfacilities.Creatingofhighqualityurbanenvironmentswithassociatededucation,commercial,socialandculturalopportunitieswillmakethesenewcitiespleasantandsoughtafterplacesforpeopletolive.MetroCitieswillprovideadiverserangeofemploymentopportunitiesandtheywillbepositionedtocapitalizeonregionaleconomicopportunities.

Port City - Hambantota

Hambantotawillbedevelopedasanindustrialandtransportationhubandpositionedtocapitalizeontheregion’stourismpotentialaswell.Hambantotacitywillbewellonitswaytobecominga

metrocitywiththecompletionoftheAdministrativeComplex,InternationalConventionCentre,anditssea-portandairport.Mattala,SooriyawewaandDebarawewaaredevelopedassatellitecitiesconnectedtotheMetroCity.

agro-based trade City- dambulla

Dambullahasdirectconnectionstoallmajoragriculture-basedareasincludingNuwara-Eliya,PolonnaruwaandJaffna.Therefore,Dambullawillbedevelopedastheprimaryagro-basedtradecityinthecountry.Dambullawillalsobedevelopedasaprimarydomesticconnectivitylogisticshubinthecountry.

Heritage Cities – anuradhapura

and Polonnaruwa

AnuradhapuraisoneoftheancientcapitalsofSriLanka,famousforitsrichheritageandarcheologicalsignificance.TheancientcityofPolonnaruwaissimilar.BothcitieshavebeendeclaredasUNESCoWorldHeritageSitesandarepopulartouristdestinations.Thesecitieswillbefurtherenhancedandpositionedashubsforculturalheritageandecotourismdevelopment.

City of diversified Culture - Jaffna

Jaffnaiswell-knownforitsrichanddiversifiedculture,fishingindustryandtouristattractions.JaffnawillbedevelopedasaMetroCityintheNorthernProvince.MalaviandKilinochchiaretobedevelopedassecondordercitiesintheNorth.Industriesbasedonlocalresourcesincludingcementandchemicalwillbedeveloped.ThetourismpotentialofJaffnalagoonanditssurroundingswillalsobecapturedaswell.

Construction of International Convention Centre and Administrative Centre in Hambantota is in progress

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industrial Port City – trincomalee

Source: National Physical Planning Department

Trincomaleewillbedevelopedasanindustrialportcity.TheindustrialzoneinTrincomaleewillbefuelledbytheSampoorpowerplantandlinkedtotheworldthroughdevelopmentoftheharbour.Thelagoonanditssurroundingswillbedevelopedasakeytourismattractionandforpublicrecreationalactivities.Mutur,Kinniya,Kantale,GomarankadawelaandPulmodaiwillbedevelopedassecondordercitiesinthearea.

strengthening Planning and development management

improved facilities for Provincial and district Capitals

Provincialanddistrictcapitalsinthecountrywillbeprovidedwithmodernfacilitiestomeettheeconomic,socialandculturalneedsofthepopulationintheprovince.Thealreadycongestedurbanareaswillbeexpandedbydevelopingalternativeurbancentresorsatellitetowns.Theywillbeenvironmentallysustainablekeepinghomogeneouscultureofthecountry.

integrated Urban development Plans

Haphazarddevelopmentofoururbanareaswillberemedied.UrbanDevelopmentPlanswillbeformulatedandenforcedforeachcity.Theseurbandevelopmentplanswillbeintegratedatdistrict,provincial,andmetroregionlevels.

Accordingly,district,provincialandmetropolitanplanningcommitteeswillbesetup.ThesecommitteeswillbeindependentbodiescomprisingrepresentativesofelectedLocalAuthoritiesandwillreviewurbandevelopmentplansandintegratethemwiththeeconomicandsettlementplansfortheareasundertheirpurview.Planningwillbemediumtermwitha20-yearperspectiveplanprovidingtheframeworkforimmediateactionplans.

SatellitebasedspatialinformationsuchashighresolutiondigitalmapsandGeographicalInformationSystem(GIS)applicationswillbeusedinallthedevelopmentplanningactivities,andpublicaccesstothisinformationwillbeensured.

adequate and High Quality services

Providingadequate,highqualityurbanservicessuchassolidwastemanagement,sewerage,etc.willbeensuredthroughaconcertedinvestmentprogramme.Thepricingofsuchserviceswillreflectthefulleconomiccostofprovidingthem.Citiesarecentresofeconomicactivityandtheirresidentswillbeabletoafford

Integrated Urban Development

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equitablypricedservices.Itistherefore,feasibletopriceservicesonaneconomicandequitablebasis.

environmentally sensitive development

Asaggressivedevelopmenttakesplace,environmentalfactorswillbecarefullyconsideredandrespected.TheNationalPhysicalPlanningPolicytakesintoaccounttheneedtoconservetheenvironmentallysensitivecentralregionaswellasthecoastline,andminimizepopulationpressuresonthem.Inaddition,developmentplanswillconsiderfactorssuchaschangingclimaticconditionsandtheincreasedincidenceofdisasterssuchaslandslides,floods,anddroughts.

Developmentplansandguidelineswillincludecriteriatoensurethelongtermsustainability,environmentalsensitivity,andclimateresilienceofplannedcities.

Sprawlofsettlementswillbecontrolledandhigh-density(vertical)developmentalternativeswithplentyofopenspaceswillbeencouraged.Greeningofsettlementswillbepursuedaswell,tocreateconducivelivingenvironmentsforourpeople.

mobilizing Private investment

ThegovernmentwillspearheadthedevelopmentofMasterPlansanddevelopmentregulationsforthekeyurbanareas.Theseplansareexpectedtocreatetheclarityandenablingenvironmentnecessarytounleashsignificantprivateinvestmentintheirdevelopment.

Arangeoffinancingstrategieswillbeusedinordertoboostinvestmentinplannedlargescaleurbaninfrastructureandservices.SeveralmodelssuchasBoT(Build,operateandTransfer),BooT(Build,own,operateandTransfer)andBoo(Build,ownandoperate)forprivatesectorparticipationwillbepromoted.Theissuanceofbondsandotherinstrumentsforpublicparticipationinthefinancingofdevelopmentwillbeexplored.

Complicatedandlengthyprocedures,rulesandregulationsinthedevelopmentprocesswillbeevaluatedandstreamlinedreducingambiguityofprocedures,timeneededforapprovals,anduncertaintyforinvestors.

Mobilizing Private Investment

Chart 7.4.1 investment Plan (2010-2015): Urban development and Housing

Govt. Govt. Govt. Govt. Govt. Govt.

Rs. mn

8. Shared valueS and rapid development

TowardsaCaringSociety

CultureandNationalHeritage

TowardsaBalancedRegionalDevelopment withDiversity

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our society’s foundation is thefamily. it is only through the improvement of close and intimate family bonds that we can ensure a pleasant society.

SriLankaisexperiencingasignificantchangeinthedemographicandsocialdimensionofthesociety.Thoughthischangegenerallyraisesvulnerabilityofcertainsegmentsofthepopulationlikechildren,disadvantagedwomen,eldersandthedisabled,intheSriLankancontext,theyaremostlyprotectedandcaredforwithinthefamily.However,afreshapproachisrequiredfortheeconomic,socialandspiritualdevelopmentofthefamily.

it is my belief that whatever may be our achievements; our focus should be on the family, consisting of the mother, father and the children.

(Mahinda Chintana – 2010, p 22)

Thenewpolicyensuresthewell-beingofthefamilythroughagroupspecificinterventiontoupliftthelivingstandardofthesegroupsandmainstreamthemintothesociety.Activeparticipationoftheprivatesectorandthenongovernmentalorganizationsinthisattemptwillbeencouraged.

Women as a Pioneer of development

SriLankanwomanhasacomparativelybetterstatusintermsofliteracy,healthstatusandgenderrecognition.Sheholdstheprimeplaceinthefamilyandisconsideredasthepioneerwhodrivesthefamilytowardsadisciplinedsociety.Thecontributionofwomentotheeconomyofthecountryisalsohighlysignificant.

Some of the current initiativesfor women

NationalFoodPackageforExpectantMothers(PoshanaMalla)

ThriposhaProgramme DiriyaKanthaProgramme KanthaSaviyaProgramme GenderBasedViolenceProgramme EconomicEmpowermentofRural/UrbanWomen RevolvingFundforSelfEmployment EntrepreneurshipTrainingProgramme SkillsDevelopmentProgramme TradeFairandMarketingProgramme HomeGardeningandLivestockDevelopment

Programme

8.1 Towards a Caring Society

Thefuturepolicydirectionwillemphasizethecreationofaconduciveenvironmentforwomenwheretheycanutilizetheirknowledgeinemergingopportunities.Specialattentionwillbegiventothosewhoareunemployed,pregnant,widowed,destituteandtofemaleheadedhouseholds.

Promoting Quality and Productive employment for Women Consideringthefactthattheparticipationofwomeninthelabourforcehasbeenlessthanhalfthatofmen,allopportunitieswillbeopenedforthemtoengageingainfuleconomicactivities.

(mahinda Chintana – 2005, p 5)

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Source:Dept.ofCensus&Statistics

Entrepreneurshipcultureforwomenwillbepromotedthroughencouragingwomenentrepreneurstofindnewbusinessavenues.Theywillbeprovidedwithexpandingcreditfacilities,marketingandhightechnologytoproducequalitygoodsforcommercialandexportpurposes.

expanding the range of Skills of Women Systemsandmechanismswillbedevelopedtoattractwomentothetechnicalandvocationaleducationfield.Nontraditionalcourseswillbeintroducedtothetechnicaleducationfieldtocatertofuturelabourmarketdemands.

Guaranteeing equal Gender division in labour Market and Working Conditions and Services for Women

Table 8.1.1labour Force Participation rate (%)

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Male 67.3 68.1 67.8 67.9 67.4

Female 32.6 35.7 33.4 34.3 34.3

Women unemployment rate by age Group - 2nd Quarter 2010

AgeGroup

15-24 25-29 30+ Total

% 24.6 19.4 2.9 8.0

Women unemployment rate by level of education - 2nd Quarter 2010

Level BelowO/L

GCE(O/L)

GCE(A/L)&Above

Total

% 4.3 9.4 16.4 8.0

Itwillbeensuredthatwomenareassuredofwagesequaltothatofmen,wherevertheyareengagedinsimilaremployment.Bilateralagreementswithlabourreceivingcountrieswilltakeplacetoprotectthefemalemigrantworkersfromeconomicandsexualexploitation.Supportaccesswillbeprovidedforchildanddependentcarebyprovidingservices,resourcesandinformationforworkingmothers.

ensuring Sufficient representation of Women in Community Consultation

Womenatgrassrootslevelwillbeencouragedtoorganizeandactascatalystsincommunitydevelopment,particularlyintheareasofnutrition,selfemployment,counselinganddomesticviolence.Theirparticipationindecisionmakingwillbemandatory.Participationofwomeninthedecisionmakingprocesswillbepromotedbyensuringincreasedfemalenominationstocontestlocalelections.

ensuring the nutritional Standards of the Pregnant MothersLowlevelofmaternalnutritionstillremainsamajorconcerninSriLanka.Thiswillbeaddressedbyprovidingthemwithnutritionalsupplements,goodhygienepracticesandspecialqualityhealthcareservices.

Table 8.1.2 : Women representation in Provincial Councils (Percentage of Women)

Province 2004 2010

Western 5.8 4.8

Central 8.6 8.6

Southern 1.8 1.8

NorthWestern 7.7 3.8

NorthCentral 3.0 3.1

Uva 2.9 2.9

Sabaragamuwa 2.3 2.3

Total 5.0 4.1

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it is our children who will be the heirs to a free and independent motherland. to take on this responsibility effectively,they have to be intelligent and wise, while being robust and strong.

Creating a Supportive Institutional Framework Requiredguidance,counseling,andtheeffectiveinstitutionalframeworkwillbeprovidedtosupportdestitutegroupsofwomensuchaswidowed,disabledandelderly.Ithasbeenobservedthatwomenaretheworstaffectedbytheviolentconflict.Dislocationandisolationovertheyearshavechangedtheirattachedvaluesandcourage.Thenumberofwidowshasalsoincreasedduringthelastthreedecades.Strengtheningthewomen’sroleinsustainingconflictaffectedfamiliesandcommunitieswillthereforebegivenhighpriority.Legalprovisionswillbemadetorecognizewomenastheheadofthehouseholdininstanceswheresheshoulderstheresponsibilityofthefamily.Equalrightofaccesstoproductiveresourcessuchaslandwillalsobeensured.

robust and Intelligent Children

Childrenbelow18yearsofageconstituteaboutonethirdofSriLanka’spopulation.Theexistinglegalframeworkensurestheprotectionandcareofchildren.Further,thefreeeducationandhealthpolicieshaveledthechildrentogainahighlevelofeducationalandhealthachievements.However,therearestillsomeconcernsandchallengesfacedbychildrenwhichneedtobeaddressed.Therefore,aconduciveandsafeenvironmentneedstobebuiltwherechildrencanlearnanddevelopphysicallyandsocially.

Thenewpolicydirectionensuresthatallchildrenhaveunfetteredopportunitiestoadvancetotheirfullestpotential.

Providing Protection and CareAsolidfamilystructurethatsupportsthedevelopmentofthepersonalityofachildwillbepromoted.Thefirststepofthesocializationprocessbeginsfromthefamily.Familycarethereforeneedstobeprovidedfromtheinfantstage.Thenewstrategyencouragesfamiliestoprovideforandprotectchildrenintheircare.However,therearecircumstanceswhenchildrenhavenootheroptionforcareandprotectionexceptaninstitution.Onsuchoccasions,thosechildrenwillbeprovidedwiththeinstitutionalcarewithadequateprotection,facilities,vocationaltrainingandspecialeducation.Streetchildren,abusedandabandonedchildren,childrenwithdisabilities,childrenofmigrantmothersandchildrenaffectedbytheconflictwillbeidentifiedasthosewhoneedspecialcare.Thelegalframeworkwillbestrengthenedtoprotecttherightsofchildrentobefreeofabuse,exploitation,neglectandviolence.

(Mahinda Chintana – 2010, p 24)

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(Mahinda Chintana – 2010, p 24)

Promoting early Childhood Care and development Earlychildhoodcareanddevelopmentincludephysical,socialandpsychologicaldevelopmentofchildrenfromconceptiontoagefive.Prioritywillbegivenforthepromotionofearlychildhoodcareasthementalgrowthandpersonalitydevelopmentofachildrapidlyoccurduringthisperiod.

Providing Quality education and Improvement of accessItisvitalthatallchildrenofschoolgoingagehaveopportunitiestoreceiveagoodqualityeducation.Hence,thequalityofeducationwillbeimprovedinordertomeetmodernneedsofthesociety.Equalaccesstoprimaryandsecondaryeducationwillalsobepromoted.Specialemphasiswillbegiventodisadvantagedchildreninthisregard.

Promoting Quality healthcare and nutritional Status Improvingthehealthofchildrenisthekeytobuildingahealthynation.Highqualityhealthcarewillbeprovidedwiththeaimoffosteringahealthylifestyle.Specialemphasiswillbegiventotheprovisionofqualitymaternalcarewhichimprovesthewellbeingofmothersandthenewborn.Necessarystepswillbetakentoreduceearlymarriagesandteenagepregnancy.

Balancednutritionisstillanunmetneedfortoomanychildren,particularlyintheplantationcommunity.Shorttermandlongterminterventionswillbetakentoimprovethelevelofnutritionofexpectantmothersandchildrenwithspecialfocusontheneedy.Goodandsafehygienicpracticesandpropersanitationfacilitieswillbepromotedtomakechildrenfreeofdiseases.

Senior Citizens as experienced Mentors

TheelderlypopulationinSriLankaconstitutesabout9.2percentofthetotalpopulation.Thegrowthofthispopulationcategoryhasacceleratedoverthelastthreedecadesandisexpectedtohaveaconsiderablyhigherproportionofabout22percentby2030.

Theincreaseinolderpopulationwilleventuallyleadtotheneedtoconfrontseveralpolicyissues.However,thenewstrategywelcomesthisdemographicchangeandenvisagesitasanopportunity.Hence,thegovernment’spolicyaimstocreateanencouragingenvironmenttoabsorbthewealthofexperienceoftheseniorcitizensintothedevelopmentprocess.Inthisregard,socially,economically,physicallyandspirituallyproductiveandfulfillinglifeinoldageisensured.

Year ElderlyPopulation(‘000)

Elderlyasa%oftheTotalPopulation

2001 1,907 10.0

2011 2,742 13.1

2021 3,980 17.8

2031 5,062 21.9

Source: – United Nations Population Fund and Population Association of Sri Lanka

it is our responsibility to create a better environment for the senior citizens to live with dignity

Thenewdevelopmentagendaofthegovernmentwilladdresstheneedsoftheelderlyinacoordinatedmannerthroughthefollowingstrategicinitiatives.

Table 8.1.3Projected elderly Population (aged 60+)

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Incorporating the ageing Issue in the Social development agenda Astheageingofthepopulationcreatesgreatdemandsfornewsocialandwelfareservices,itneedstobeincludedinsocialanddevelopmentplansatalllevels.Theawarenessofageingpopulationandnecessaryattitudinalchangeswillbecreatedbyintroducingthemintheschoolcurriculum.Accesstoinformation,communicationandlife-longlearningforolderpersonswillbefacilitated.

Social Security Schemes for the aged

Withtheaimofenhancingthewellbeinginoldagebysecuringaminimumincome,anumberofpensionschemesarebeingimplementedinSriLanka.Theseconsistofbothcontributoryandnon-contributoryschemescoveringthosewhoareworkingintheformalaswellasintheinformalsector.

ensuring the equal Participation of Senior Citizens in the decision Making Process Activeagingwillbepromotedinthisregard.Opportunitieswillbecreatedtosharetheirknowledge,skills,valuesandlifeexperienceindecisionmakingatalllevels.Thevaluablecontributionofseniorcitizensinvoluntaryservicesinthecommunitywillberecognizedandsupported.

Scheme ForWhom Coverage(No.ofPersons)

FormalSector

PublicServicePensionScheme

Civilservants

PensionBeneficiaries-456,113Members: Employees-1,047,041W&OP -949,700

Employees’Provident/TrustFund(EPF/ETF)

Formalsectoremployeeswhoarenotentitledforpublicservicepensionscheme

Totalaccounts-12.7millionActiveaccounts-2million

InformalSector

Farmers’pensionschemeFarmers

Members–954,000PensionBeneficiaries-75,876

Fishermens’pensionschemeFishermen

Members–63,950PensionBeneficiaries-1495

Sesatha Migrantworkers Members–2802

HelaWedaRakawarana PractitionersofIndigenousMedicine Members–1182

Sipsavira Handicraftsmen Members–284

Saraswathi Artists Members–86

Rusiru Personswhoareengagedinbeautyculturefield Members–371

Ransalu Personswhoareengagedinhandloomindustry Members–1707

Kamdiriya Smallandmediumscaleentrepreneurs Members–129

RandaluSamuha Mediumscaleteaestateworkers Members–97

Prathishta Journalists Members–45

SamakaDiriya Personswithdisabilities

Members–365,568Sahana,Thilina,Isura,Sarana,Surekuma&Dhanalaxmi

Forotherselfemployees

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ensuring adequate Income Security and Safety net for the aged Theexistingsocialsafetynethasnotbeenabletocoverpersonsofallages.Auniversalpensionschemewillthereforebeintroducedwithprivatesectorcooperation.Opportunitiesandfacilitieswillbecreatedtoassisttheseniorcitizenstoearnanextraincome.Youthwillbeeducatedonthebenefitsofsavingsandadvantagesofpre-retirementplans.

developing a Well Structured and Organized healthcare System for the Well-Being of the elders Creationofahealthyenvironmentforseniorcitizensisapriority.Accessibleandaffordablehealthcareprovisionswillbedevelopedinordertopromotehealthylifestyles,nutritionandavoidanceofriskfactors.Healthinsuranceforallwillbeensured.Assistivedevicessuchasspectaclesandhearingaidswillbeprovidedfortheneedy.

Caring for elders

Familieswillbeencouragedtoprovidelongtermcaretooldermemberswithinthefamily.Communitybasedrehabilitationandinstitutionalcarefacilitieswillbestrengthenedfortheneedy.Supportwillbeprovidedtotemples,churches,kovilsetc.thatruneldercarecentres.Retirementvillagesoncostsharingbasiswillbeestablishedwithmodernandcomfortablelivingenvironment.Privatesectorwillbeprovidedwithtaxandotherconcessionstorunhomesfortheeldersandcareservices.

(Mahinda Chintana – 2005, p 15)

Senior citizens, who have devoted their lives to their childrenand the country, will not beallowed to be lonely.

ensuring accessibility to Public Services and Promoting recreational Facilities

Facilitieswillbeimprovedtoensuretheeasyaccessibilitytopublicplacesandservices.Publicparksandwalkingtrackswillbeestablishedforthemtospendtheirleisuretime.Culturalandspiritualactivitieswillbefacilitatedandsupported.

Strengthening the Systems for Protection and Promotion of elders’ rightsLegalaidandcounselingserviceswillbeprovidedfreeofchargetoavoidfamilydisintegrationandenhancetheirautonomy,protectionandcare.

Mainstreaming differently-abled into the Society

Accordingtostatistics,1.6percentofSriLanka’spopulationislivingwithdisabilities(2001Census).Theconflictthatprevailedinthecountryduringthelastthreedecadescausedanincreaseinthenumber.Mostofthedisabledhaveneverattendedschoolandthereforelackopportunities.Themajorityofthemareunemployed,marginalizedandsociallyexcluded.Disabledwomencompriseoneofthemostneglectedsegmentsofsociety.

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(Mahinda Chintana – 2005, p 16)

it is vital that we treat all differently abled persons as respected citizens without any discrimination.

(Mahinda Chintana – 2010, p 26)

the creation of a social, economic and psychological environment for differently-abled children and adults to live indignity is an important priority.

Differently-abledinSriLankaareoftenprotectedandcaredforbytheirfamilymembersandrelatives.Inaddition,SriLankahasastrongpartnershipwithprivatesectorandnongovernmentorganizationsinlookingafterthosewhoareunabletocareforthemselves.Nevertheless,theGovernmenttoohasrecognizeditsresponsibilitytoprovidethemwithprotectionandsecurity.

TheGovernment’spolicyaimstomobilizedisabledpersons,empowerandintegratethemintosocietyasusefulandequalpartners.Theywillbesupportedtoleadahealthylifeandjointhemainstreamthroughthefollowingstrategicinitiatives.

Caring for the differently- abled Persons

Providinginstitutionalcarehasbeenrecognizedasamajorrequisitefortheprotectionandcareoftheneedy.Ithelpsthefamiliestoeasetheburden.Withthisobjective,specialhomesforthedisabledwithallmodernfacilitieswillbemaintained.Theprivatesector

andNGOswillbeencouragedthroughconcessionaryloanschemestoprovidethisfacility.Specialattentionwillbepaidtoreducethehardshipofthefamilieswhomaintainadisabledmemberintheircare.Welfarevillageswillbeestablishedfordisabledsoldiers.

Providing assistive devices Assistivedeviceswithlatesttechnologywillbemadeavailableinallareasofthecountryandthelocalproducersofthosedeviceswillbefacilitated.

Communitybasedrehabilitationwillbepromotedwiththeaimofenablingthemtoenjoytheirrightsandtocarryoutresponsibilitiestosociety.Counselingserviceswillbemadeavailabletoimprovetheirmentalhealth.OrthopedicTreatmentUnitswillbestrengthenedwithmodernequipmenttoprovidetreatmentfordisabilityfrombirth.

Increasing Special Facilities to access Basic ServicesSpecialeducationalcentreswillbeestablishedwithmodernaidequipmentforchildrenwithspecificdisabilities.Sincemanyindividualswithdisabilitieshaveloweducationorhavenotevenstartedschooling,theywillbeprovidedwithnon-formaleducationopportunities.Accessibilityofpersonswithdisabilitiestogovernmentoffices,religiousandothercommonplacesandpublicserviceswillbeincreasedandregulated.Thenecessarysupportwillbegivenforthedifferently-abledtoimprovetheirsportsandartscapabilities.Theywillbeprovidedwithopportunitiestoidentifyanddeveloptheirlatentcapacities.

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Guaranteeing the rights Domesticlegislationwillbeintroducedtoguaranteesocialsecurityandlivingstandardofdifferently-abledpersonsandnationalandinternationalstandards,rulesandregulationsapplicabletotheirfundamental,socialandeconomicrightswillbeimplementedformakingSriLankaatrulydifferently-abledfriendlycountry.

Some of the current initiatives for differently-abled

Rs.3000/-monthlyassistanceforfamilieswithdifferently-abledpersons

Selfemploymentprogramme SamakaDiriyaPensionscheme Medicalassistanceprogramme Housingassistanceprogramme Accessibilityprogramme Braillecourseforpublicservants Mobileserviceprogrammetoprovideassistive

devices

enhancing employabilityEmployabilityofthedifferently-abledpersonswillbeimprovedbyprovidingvocationaltrainingandskillsdevelopmentthroughrehabilitationcentresthataremanagedbyNGOsorothercharities.Newvirtualcoursesappropriatefordisabledstudentswillbeintroducedtothetechnicaleducationfield.Privatesectorwillbeencouragedtoobtaintheservicesofthedisabled.Asmallgrantsprogrammewillbeinitiatedtobuildlivelihoodcapacitiesandenablepersonswithdisabilitiestobetrainedandtoreducethestigmaofdiscrimination.

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ENHANCINGHUMANCAPAPCITYSriLankahasmadeconsiderableprogressinhumandevelopment,whichisreflectedinincreasingincomesandtheimpressivereductioninpoverty.TheMahindaChintanagoalsoftheTenYearSocio-EconomicDevelopmentStrategyaretobuildontheseachievementsandtoreachhigherandmoreequitablelevelsofhumandevelopmentby2020.Socialservicesneedtobeexpandedandimprovedfurthertoachievethisgoal.AstrongercoordinationofthemeansandobjectivesofthedifferentsectoralstrategiesoftheGovernmentandProvincialCouncilsareessential.Inparticular,therearefivecross-cuttingchallengesinrelationtothedesignandprovisionofsocialservices.

(a)Improvingthequalityofsocialservices Measurestoincreasethequalityandmotivationofserviceproviders,particularly

atlocalanddistrictlevelsismoreimportantthanariseinthenumberofserviceproviders.Client-orientedservicesarethekey:Publichealthservicesshouldbemoreresponsivetotheneedsofpatients,changingeconomicstatustoamiddleincomesocietyanddemographiccharacteristicswithlongerlifeexpectancy.Educationshouldpromotecreativethinkingtomeetthedemandsofamoderneconomy.Theneedtodevelopacomprehensiveandmodernizedcurriculumtoprepareyounggenerationsforthechallengesofthemoderneconomiesmustalsobeaddressed.

(b)Ensuringequitableaccessbyallgroupsofthepopulation Equitableaccesstosocialservicesandsafetynetsiscrucial.Accessibilityis

particularlyimportantforvulnerablegroups.Accesstohealthservicesishamperedbyhighcostofservicedelivery.Affordablehealthcaresystemsatprovinciallevelsconnectedtowellequippedhospitalsintownshipsneedtobethepriority.Popularizingeducationatalllevelsparticularlyinruralareasandtoimprovesurvivalrateandqualityeducationtooisapriority.

(c)ImprovingtheaccessandtheuseofinformationandInformationTechnology Informationiscrucialforenhancinghumandevelopment.Accessibilityofsocial

serviceswillbeimprovedbyprovidinginformationonsocialservicesandonpeople’sentitlementstousethem.TheuseoftheInternetandmoderninformationtechnologies,librarysystemsandinfrastructureshouldbestrengthened,inordertofacilitatetheemergenceofaknowledge-basedeconomy.ITinitiativesoftheGovernmentandNanasalaoutletsinthevillagesareexpandedtobecomepowerfulsourcesofdisseminationofinformationtothepeople.

KeY MeSSaGeS EMPOWERINGTHERURALECONOMY

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(d)Raisingpublicinvestmentinsocialsectorsanddiversifyingintonewsourcesoffunds

Increasingpublicspendingonsocialservicesandimprovingtheknowledgefocusiscrucialtoensuringhigherstandardsofqualityandcoverage.Inthehealthcaresector,shiftsinresourceallocationbetweenprovincesaswellasdifferenthealthcarelevelsneedtobeexplored.Alternativesourcesoffinancingforsocialservicesmaybefound,suchashealthinsurance,people’scontributions,costsharing,communityinvolvement,useofexcisetaxonliquorandcigarettesetc.tomeetrisingexpenditure.

(e)Establishingappropriaterolesforthestateandnon-statesectors Thereisaneedtodefinetherolesandresponsibilitiesofthestateandnon-state

sectors.WhiletheGovernmenthasaresponsibilitytoensureuniversalbasicandgeneraleducation,privatepartiesareencouragedtopartnershipwiththeGovernmenttoplayaconstructiveroleintheprovisionandfinancingofhighereducationandvocationaltraining.Animportantroleforthestatesectorremainsinensuringandmonitoringthequalityandaccessibilityoftheservicesprovided,promotingregulatoryframeworkanddevelopinginstitutionalcapacitiesandotherimportantsourcestomeethouseholddailyneeds.

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OverviewSriLankawitnessedthedevelopmentofanumberofkingdomsandtherearelargenumbersofhistoricallyimportantmonuments,sitesandotherstructuresbelongingtothesekingdoms,nowscatteredinalargeareaoftheisland.Mostofthearchaeologicalsitesaresituatedinsacredplaces.Alargenumberoftourists,bothlocalandforeign,visittheseplacesannually.

Thegovernmentassumestheprimeresponsibilityofprotectionandpropagationofourculturalheritagewiththesupportofthegeneralpublic.Prominentculturalsitesincludinghistoricallyimportantplaces,monumentsandarcheologicalsiteswillbedevelopedasmajortouristattractionsintheAsianregion.

Theprivatesectorwillbeencouragedtoestablishmutuallybeneficialpartnershiparrangementswiththegovernmentinrelationtopropagationofartsandculture.

Elderlypeopleinthecountryneedaneffectivewaytopasstheirleisuretime.Ingivingspecialattentiontothisgroupofpeopleineliminatingtheirunrestand

8.2 Culture and national heritage

(Mahinda Chintana 2010, p 99)

a person with a high sense of art and culture will see the world with a serene mind. the art and culture in a country should be able to reflect its past glory as well as focus on the future of the society. many in our country may have feared that our country’s culture and arts would have been damaged by the speedy amalgamation with global cultures and values.

strengtheningtheirmentalcapacities,islandwideculturalprogrammeswillbeorganized.

StrategiesPromotionofCulturalCentrestodevelopmentalsatisfactionofadults,teachingaestheticskillstotheyoungergenerationparticularly,andimprovingreadinghabitofruralpeoplethroughconductingvariousprogrammeswiththeparticipationofthecommunity.

The archaeological Sites and heritage Places which are Scattered all Over the Island will be Conserved and PreservedThesearchaeologicalsitesandheritageplaceswillbeconservedandpreservedwiththesupportofallstakeholders,includingthegeneralpublic.Thenewtechnologywillbeusedextensivelytoimprovethepreservationofthesesites.Basicfacilitiesneededtoattracttouristsforthesesiteswillbeimproved.

ThearchaeologicalplacesandmonumentsintheNorthernProvincefellintoneglectduetotheconflictsituationintheareaforlast3decades.SomeofthesemonumentsandimportantplaceslikehistoricalfortsinJaffna,MannarandPoonariynwereseverelydamaged.Thereligiousandculturalactivitiesofthepeoplewerealsorestricted.Thisunfavourablesituationhasledtoadeteriorationofthespiritualqualityoflifeandharmoniouslivingpatternofpeople.However,the

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culturalactivitieswhichwerehamperedduringthisperiodhavenowbeenenhancedwithrestorationofpeaceinthearea.

Newexcavationandconservationworkswillbestrengthenedwiththeassistanceofallstakeholders,includingvillagecommunities,SriLankaTourismDevelopmentAuthority,ProvincialCouncils,DivisionalSecretaries,researchersanduniversitystudents.ActionhasalreadybeentakentodevelopfortressesinKalpitiya,Jaffna,Trincomalee,BatticaloaandMataraasattractivetouristdestinations.TheoldDutchmarketinMataraandanumberofbuildingsbetweenChilawandColombohavealsobeenidentifiedforpreservation.Aftercompletionoftheprogramme,allthesitesselectedforconservationwillbemajortouristattractionsandtourismpromotioncentresforbothlocalandforeigntourists.Thiswillbeabigboosttothelifeofthepeopleinthesurroundingareasasitgeneratesalargenumberofselfemploymentopportunitiesandtherebyupliftstheirlivingstandards.Theprogrammewillalsoenhanceharmonyamongallethnicgroupslivinginthecountrybymakingthempartnersinthedevelopmentprocess.

establish Performing arts Theatres in each ProvinceBy2020,eachProvinceinSriLankawillhaveatleastonemodernperformingartstheatrewithinternationallevelinfrastructurefacilitiesandmodernhitechfacilities.Thetheatreswillcompriseofamusichallandatheatrehallwiththecapacityof1,000seatsineach.

Galle Fort as a living Museum and a Centre of Cultural Tourism TheGallecitywhichwasbuiltbyEuropeanswillbedevelopedasaCentreofCulturalTourism.Themuseum,equippedwithsophisticatedmodernhitechfacilities,willdisplayalltheresourcesofthesea.TheexistingmaritimemuseuminGallewillalsobedevelopedtointernationalstandards.

a Sri lankan Folk villageAlivingmuseumtypeofattractionwillbeestablishedintheCentralProvince.ItwilldisplayelementsoftraditionalSriLankanlifeandculture.Therewillbemultiplesectionsintheparkwhichwillincludetraditionalmarkets,restaurants,andshowcasesoftraditionalwoodworkingandmetalworkingtechniques.Therewillbeperformancesoftraditionaldances,equestrianskills,marriageceremoniesandrecreationalactivities.

Chart 8.2.1Target Investment: 2011-2015

Modernization of the existing MuseumsNationalmuseumsaretreatedastreasurehousesofhistoricalandculturalheritageofSriLanka.Theexistingmuseumswillbemodernizedadoptingnewtechnologiesandpresentationmethods.TheNationalMuseumwillbedevelopedasacentre,providinginformation,entertainmentandknowledgetolocalandforeigntourists.Newmuseumswillbeestablishedinappropriateplacesbasedondifferentthemeswhicharememorabletothepublic.AnewmuseumhasalreadybeenestablishedinSigiriyawithmoderndisplaytechniques.

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Museum to depict ancient hydraulic Civilization TheGovernmentalsoplanstosetupanIrrigationandWaterResourcesMuseuminAnuradhapurawiththeassistanceofUNESCOtodepictancienthydrauliccivilizationofSriLankawhichdatesback2,500years.AnuradhapurawasthecapitalofSriLankafromthe4thcenturyBCto11thcenturyADandthepeopleoftheeramarkedtheirpresenceinhistorywithanetworkofreservoirsandcanalsthatprovidedwaterforricecultivationintheancientkingdomofRajarata.Thetraditionalreservoirthatiscalled‘wewa’isauniquecreationofancientpeopleandithadanadvancedirrigationtechnologythatismarveledatevenbymodernengineers.Themuseumwilldisplaymodelsofancientirrigationsystems,archeologicalartifactsandinformativedataregardingtheancientirrigationtechnologyofSriLanka.

establish a new national Maritime Museum Themuseum,equippedwithsophisticatedmodernhitechfacilities,willdisplayalltheresourcesofthesea.Thiswillbeamajortouristattractionin2020.TheexistingmaritimemuseuminGallewillbedevelopedtointernationalstandards.

Fully Operational SaarC Cultural CentreAfullyoperationalSAARCCulturalCentrewillalsobeestablishedtopreserveandpromotetherichanddiverseculturalheritageanddistinguishedartsoftheSouthAsianregion.PeoplearemotivatedtoidentifypositiveculturalcharacteristicsandtherebytopromoteaculturewithdistinctSriLankanidentity.Thiswillbeachievedthroughvariousactivitiesincludingartsanddramafestivals,balletfestivals,literacyandcreativeskillcompetitions.Allancientculturalheritageplaceswillbedevelopedwithmoderntechnologyandinfrastructurefacilitiesimpressivetolocalandforeigntourists.

Major archaeological Sites in Sri lanka

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establish a Multi ethnic Cultural Centre in Jaffna AnArtsCentrewillbeestablishedinJaffnaprovidingopportunitiesforartistesintheNorthernProvincetodeveloptheirtalentsandpresenttheirperformances.Thiswillhelptocreateleadershipwithbroad

Policy Strategy Activity Timeline

Promotionofcultural

activities

ConstructCulturalCentresFullyoperationalSAARCCulturalCentre 2011

EstablishamultiethnicculturalcentreinJaffna 2011

EstablishPerformingArt

TheatresEstablishPerformingArtsTheatresineachProvince 2011-2014

Developmentofprominent

culturalsitesincluding

historicallyimportant

places,monumentsand

archaeologicalsitesas

majortouristattractionsin

theAsianregion

EstablishNewMuseums

GalleFortasalivingmuseumandaCentreof

CulturalTourism2014

EstablishaSriLankanfolkvillage 2014

EstablishanewNationalMaritimeMuseum 2015

EstablishaWaterMuseum 2012

Modernizetheexisting

museumsModernizetheexistingmuseums 2011-2020

Conserveandpreservethe

archaeologicalsitesand

heritageplaces

Conserveandpreservethearchaeologicalsitesand

heritageplaces2011-2020

understandingoftheneedof“UnityandDiversity”andtherebyrespectingtheCulturalHeritageofeachethnic,socialandreligiousgroup.

activity Output Matrix

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8.3 Towards a Balanced regional development with diversity

The regional development Perspective

effectively exploring the Potential of each region

WadakkinWasantham(UthuruWasanthaya)

NegenahiraNavodayaRajarataNavodaya

WayambaPubuduwa

RanAruna

RuhunaUdanaya

SabaragamuwaArunalokaya

KandurataNavodaya

PubudamuWellassa

DetailedmicroplanningrelatedtotheseinitiativesisundertakenwiththeProvincialCouncils,LocalAuthorities,DistrictSecretariats,DivisionalSecretariatsandlineagenciesattherespectivedecentralizedlevelsofactivity.

RajarataNavodaya –ForthetwoNorthCentralDistrictsKandurataNavodaya –ForthethreeDistrictsinCentralSriLankaPubudamuWellassa –ForthetwoUvaProvincialDistrictsSabaragamuwaArunalokaya –ForthetwoDistrictsintheSabaragamuwaProvinceUthuruWasanthaya –ForthefiveNorthernDistrictsNegenahiraNavodaya –ForthethreeEasternDistrictsWayambaPubuduwa –ForthetwoNorthWesternDistrictsRuhunaUdanaya –ForthethreeDistrictsinSouthernProvinceRanAruna –ForthethreeDistrictsintheWesternProvince

Macro PerspectiveTheMahindaChintana-VisionfortheFutureisdesignedtotransformeachoftheprovinciallandscapeandtoensurethateveryhouseholdinSriLankawillequallybenefitfromeconomicdevelopment.Identifyingtheuniquenessofeachregion,theirdiverseresources,potentialsandnational,provincialandlocalauthoritydevelopmentplans,followingspecificregionaldevelopmentinitiativesarebeingimplementedtoaddressinterandintraprovincialconcerns,toprovideinterfacingmechanismtoalllevelsofGovernmentineconomicandsocialdevelopmentandtoaccelerateprovincialandruraldevelopmentthroughoutthecountry.

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Area :8.884sq.kmPopulation :1,204,000No.ofDSDivision :30No.ofGramaNiladariDivisions :977No.ofMunicipalCouncils :1No.PradeshiyaSabhas :25No.ofUrbanCouncils :0No.ofVilages :3,742

Development Initiatives

Infrastructure DevelopmentDevelopmentofinterandintraregionalinfrastructure-HighwayssuchasMahiyangana-Dibulagala-Dalukana

road,Ambepussa-Kurunegala-Trincomalee,Puttalam-Trincomaleeroad,Kandy-Jaffnaroad,Trincomalee-MedawachchiyaandMedawachchiya-ThalaiMannarrailwayline,eletricitytransmissionanddistributionnetwork,Hingurakgodaairportetc.MoragahakandairrigationandNCPcanalaresomeofthemajorinfrastuctureintiativestochangetheeconomyofRajarataunderMahindaChintana-VisionfortheFuture.

Improveurbanandruralaccessibilitytodevelopmentrelatedfacilitiessuchaspublictransportation,telecommunications,watersupplyetc.

Rajarata Udanaya

NorthCentralProvincecommandsasignificantextentoflandandisoneofthelargestagriculturalprovincesinthecountry.Withtheemergenceofothercompetingregions,itisnecessarytodeveloptheProvincetocreateneweconomicopportunities.TheshareofGDPoftheNorthCentralProvinceis4.8percentwithapercapitaincomeofUS$1,672.Inthecontextofthecountry’scommitmenttoincreasepercapitaincometooverUS$4,000,provincialinitiativesneedtobecarefullyplannedtoincreasethequalityoflifeofpeopleintheprovinceandtoincreasetheirincome.ThetwodistrictsintheProvinceareknownfortwoworldfamousancientkingdomsandalsoforSriLanka’slongstandingexcellenceinirrigationengineering.However,thisregionseverelysufferedduetotheimpactofterroristactivitiesintheNorthernandEasternProvincesfornearlythreedecadestilltheconflictendedinMay2009.Mostoftheremotevillagesneedheavyinvestmentsinruralinfrastructure,educationandhealthfacilitiesandirrigationtorevivelivelihood.Thetwodistrictsalsoareresourcefulparticularlyinwildlifeandtourism.

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ImproveirrigationefficiencyandrehabilitationofthemajorandminorirrigationsystemsintheProvinceanddevelopintegratedagriculturaldevelopmentschemesconsistingofagriculture,livestock,offfarmactivitiesandinlandfisheriestomaximizereturnonwater.

DevelopmentofAnuradhapuraandPlonnaruwatownshipsassacredcitiesandpromoteastouristdestinations.

Economy ImproveproductionandproductivityofagriculturalcropsastheleadingagriculturalProvincetomatchthe

productionlevelof5-6MtofpaddyperhectareinMahawelischeme.Developagro-basedvalueaddedindustries. Increaseproductionandimproveproductivitythroughtechnologicalsupportforinland–fisheries,livestock,

ornamentalfishing,homegardening,fieldcropsandfruitcropcultivation. Developtouristattractionsandrelatedinfrastructurefacilities.

Human Resources Development DevelopRajarataUniversityandtheneighborhoodasauniversitytownshiptopromotetheuniversityasamajor

learningcentreinspecifiedfields. Developmentandupgradingofhospitalwards,operationtheaters,laboratories,OPDunits,bloodbanksetc.tomeet

emergingdemandforhealthservice. Qualityimprovementofmaternityandchildhealthservicesandruralhospitals. Improvephysicalandhumanresourcesstatusinschoolstoimprovequalityeducation Vocationaltrainingandskillsdevelopmentinitiativesforyouth. Developsportsandrelatedinfrastructuretofacilitatenewopportunitiestoruralyouth.

Rural Economy DevelopmentofthesmallandmediumenterprisesandindustrynetworkintheProvince. Promotionofhandicraftandhandloomindustries. Promotionofruralhomegardeningandselfemploymentactivities. Popularizeruralbankingandmicrofinancinginremotevillagestodeveloplivelihoodactivities.

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Polonnaruwa District

Anuradhapura District

Polonnaruwa District

Road Development

Mahiyangana-Dibulagala-DalukanaRoad

48.06

ImprovementstoElahara-GiritaleRoad

40

ImprovementstoMinneriyaHingurakgodaAirportRoad

8.65

Naula-Elahera-Pallegama-HettipolaRoad

13.91

ImprovementofPolonnaruwa-Thambala-Sungawila-SomawathiyaRoad

26

Proposed Roads & Length (km.)

Manampitiya Bridge Jayanithipura A11 Road

Medawachchiya-Poonewa Road

Habarana-Kantale Road

Maradankadawala-Habarana Road

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Ongoing and Planned Roads Construction

Length of Road

Section in the

District (km)

Total Project

Length (km)

Ongoing

Anuradhapura

Puttalam-TrincomaleeRoadfromPuttalumtoNochchiyagama 15.2 50.0

Anuradhapura-PadeniyaRoad 29.1

ImprovementstoVavuniya-HorowpathanaRoad 15.4 15.4

BogaswewaPulmodaiRoad 12.0 12.0

ImprovemntstoGanewalpola-DachchihalmillawaRoad 10.0 10.0

RehabilitationofKebithigollewa-PadaviyaRoad 6.0 6.0

ImprovementstoMedawachchiya-HorowpathanaRoad 12.5 12.5

Padaviya-GalkulamaRoad 7.4 7.4

ImprovementstoApproachRoadtoWilpattuSanctuary 7.7

ACsurfacingofGanewalpola-DachchihalmillewaRoad(24.5-26km)Galenbidunuwewa

town

1.5

ImprovemntstoGanewalpola-DachchihalmillawaRoad 10.0

Polonnaruwa

Ambepussa-Kurunegala-TrincomaleeRoadfromHabaranatoKantalai 34.8 43.5

ImprovementstoHingurakgoda-Batukotuwa-MedirigiriyaRoad(0-13.14km) 13.1 13.1

Planned

Anuradhapura

ImprovementofKandy-JaffnaRoadfromDambullatoThonigala 20.8 23.3

ImprovementofKandyJaffnaRoadfromThonigalatoGalkulama 24.2 24.2

ImprovementofKandy-JaffnaRoadfromGalkulamatoRambewewa 18.4 18.4

ImprovementofPuttalam-TrincomaleeRoadfromNochchiyagamatoAnuradhapura 26.4

ImprovementofPuttalamTrincomaleeRoadfromAnuradhapuratoMihintale 10.5

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Length of Road

Section in the

District (km)

Total Project

Length (km)

ImprovementofPuttalamTrincomaleeRoadfromMihintaletoKahatagasdigiliya 21.2

ImprovementofPuttalam-TrincomaleeRoadfromKahatagasdigiliyatoPB(NCP/East) 32.4

Galkulama-AnuradhapuraRoad 10.0 10.0

AsphaltlayingofAnuradhapura-RambawewaRoad 14.5 14.5

MaithreepalaSenanayakaMawatha 2.3 2.3

Eppawala-ThimbiriwewaRoad 11.1 11.1

DBSTtoGanewalpola-DachchihalmillewaRoad 25.5 25.5

Kalawewa-AwkanaRoad 4.0 4.0

Kekirawa-GanewalpolaRoad 6.9 6.9

ImprovementofKekirawa-TalawaRoad 23.0 23.0

ImprovementofKahatagasdigiliya-Rathmalgahewewa-KiulekadaRoad 13.0 13.0

ImprovementstoTonigalaKalawewaGalewewaRoad 33.0 33.0

ImprovementstoBalaluwewa-AndarawewaRoad 52.7 52.7

Madatugama-AndiyagalaRoad 13.2 13.2

Padaviya-GalkulamaRoad 6.2 6.2

Improvement(Asphaltsurfaces)ofKandy-JaffnaRoadfromRambawewato

Madawachchiya

9.5

ImprovementofNochchiyagama-KukulkatuwaRoad 21.0 21.0

ImprovementofOtappuwa-IhalawewaRoad 13.8

Polonnaruwa

Mahiyangana-Dibulagala-DalukanaRoad 48.0 48.0

ImprovementstoElahara-GiritaleRoad 40.0 40.0

ImprovementstoMinneriya-HingurakgodaAirportRoad 8.6 8.6

Naula-Elahera-Pallegama-HettipolaRoad 13.9 13.9

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Irrigation

TheNorthCentralProvincebeingthesecondlargestpaddyproducerhasgivenmuchpriorityfortherehabilitationandconstructionofsmall,mediumandlargeirrigationschemestosustainthepaddyproductionatthemaximumpotentiallevel.

4,925newirrigableextentoflandcanbecultivatedoncetheYanOyaBasinDevelopmentProjectiscompletedfeeding25schemesandbenefitting6,000farmerfamilies.TheproposedNorthCentralProvinceCanal(about100kminlength)whichwillcarrywateruptoKanagaranAruinVavuniawillaugmenttheexistingreservoirsintheNorthCentralandtheNorthernProvincessupplyingsufficientwatertoagriculturallandsinbothprovinces.ThisisalandmarkdevelopmentinirrigationsystemsintheProvince.

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Ongoing Irrigation Works

Name of the Project District Current Status Extent

Benefitted

(ha.)

No. of

Farmer

Families

EllepothanaAnicut Anuradhapura Ongoing 625 1038

RestorationofMahaHalmillewaProject Polonnaruwa Ongoing 105 100

MahaweliConsolidationProject(SystemB

Rehabilitation)

Polonnaruwa,Batticaloa Ongoing 20,000

direct&

indirect

YanOyaReservoir Trincomalee,Anuradhapura Ongoing 4,925 7,000

RajanganaScheme Anuradhapura Ongoing 5668

Nachchaduwa Anuradhapura Ongoing 2540

Nuwarawewa Anuradhapura Ongoing 1134

Tissawewa Anuradhapura Ongoing 365

Abayawewa Anuradhapura Ongoing 100

MahaBasawakkulama Anuradhapura Ongoing 90

Maminiyawa Anuradhapura Ongoing 211

Periyakulama Anuradhapura Ongoing 91

10,000kidneyaffectedfamiliesinMedawachchiya,Kebithigollawa,Padaviya,HorowpatanaandWilachchiyawillbeprovidedwithbottledwaterfordrinkingandcooking(20litresatRs.35/-).

Existing Pipe Borne Water Coverage

35 Percent

Targeted Pipe Borne Water Coverage by 2020

75 Percent

PolonnaruwaWaterSupplyProjectoncompletionin2012willprovidedrinkingwaterforabout18,900householdsinthePolonnaruwaDistrictthrougha140kmlongpipenetwork.

SecondarytownsofMinneriya,Madirigiriya,Hingurakgoda,IppalogamaandMahanelubewawillbeprovidedwithpipebornewatersupplyby2012,benefitting47,000households.

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Rural Development Projects

RuralWaterSupply

RuralElectrification

MinorIrrigation

MagaNeguma

176kmofprovincialroadshavebeenupgradedand220kmbeingupgraded.UnderMagaNeguma,1,108kmofruralroadsarebeingupgraded.

22pumpingschemeshavebeencommissionedand27areongoingtoprovidedrinkingwaterto19,450householdsand4,541familiesaretobeprovidedwithwaterfrompointsourcessuchasdugwellsetc.

53,701haofagriculturallandscanbeirrigatedthroughrehabilitationof2,911schemesintheProvincebenefitting87,540farmerfamilies

600ruralelectrificationschemesarebeingimplementedby CEBtoexpandelectricitydistributiontoeveryvillageinthe

NorthCentralProvince.

Kurunegala, Habaranavia Dambulla New

Railway Line

Ippologama Ranaviru College

Greater Dambulla Development

Development of Anuradhapura

General Hospital

Madawachchiya - Trincomalee New

Railway Line

Habarana - Valachchena 132 kw Transmission

Line

Development of Isuru Colleges

FlagshipProjectsNorth

CentralProvince

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RajarataUdanayainitiativewillsupplementresourcesprovidedunderProvincialCouncilsandlineagenciestorehabilitateandupliftconflictaffectedareassuchasWelioya,Kebithigollewa,Madawachchiyaetc.Roads,irrigationfacilities,electricityanddrinkingwaterarethekeypriorities.

Rajarata NavodayaGama Neguma Programme: 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress - 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. mn)

No of Projects

Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. mn)

Output

(km/Units/

Projects

No . Of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 2,551 1,172 1,911 732,085 395 540 1,100 1,100

Electricity 344 428 334 221,381 56 57 113 113

WaterSupply&

Sanitation

186 71 156 87,880 113 114 227 227

SmallIrrigation 414 157 377 261,474 169 171 340 340

CommonBuildings 230 151 224 54,393 56 57 113 113

Livelihood 23 12 22 6,189 226 228 453 453

Social

Development

625 149 580 247,526 113 114 227 227

Total 4,373 2,141 3,604 1,610,928 1,129 1,280 2,409 3,689

Performance

Year 2005 2009 2016

ProvincialGDP(Rs.bn.) 91 232 675

PerCapitaIncome(Rs.’000) 78 189 514

PovertyHeadcountIndex 14.2 7.0 4.0

InfantMortalityPer1000LiveBirths 20.3 8.5 4.7

MaternalMortalityRatioPer1000LiveBirths 0.28 0.22 0.15

AccesstoSafeWater% 80.5 82.7 90

AccesstoElectricity% 63.0 82.3 100

UnemploymentRate 6.3 4.7 2.7

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Emerging Economy of the North Central Province

The Diversity and Growth

Provincial Shares of GDP - 2016North Central Province Economy

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Kandurata Udanaya

Central Province has been considered as one of the two fastest growing peripheries outside the Western Region. Economy of this province consists predominately of tea plantations, tourism resources, export processing zone activities and agricultural activities. The Province also has one of the leading universities, vocational and agriculture schools, reputed primary and high schools, teaching hospitals, research facilities and one of the best known Botanical Gardens in the world. The world famous Temple of the Tooth Relic together with several archaeological sites are also located in the Central Province. With a share of 9.6 percent of the GDP and a per capita income of US$ 1,548, the Province stands at a relatively better position in comparison to other provinces and has potential to be a key province driving the economic progress.

Social, economic and infrastructural disparities in the estate areas as well as rural areas have been specific concerns to the Central Province. It is expected that these issues will be addressed through the initiatives made under Kandurata Udanaya enabling the Province to exploit its full economic potential.

Several key initiatives that have been identified to change the development pattern of Central Province include;

n Development of the Kandy city with circular roads, bypasses and other facilities to provide modern traffic arrangements to preserve historical identity of Kandy.

n Dedicated Economic Centre at Dambulla to be developed as a trading hub under Greater Dambulla Development initiatives and related market infrastructure to the neighboring agricultural districts.

n Nuwara Eliya to be developed as a holiday and leisure tourist township with facilities to attract both local and foreign tourists and integrate to the provincial economy.

n Up market tourist facilities to be developed in unique locations in the Province. n Major townships in the Province to be expanded and connected to the surrounding rural economy through Gama

Neguma and development initiatives of provincial and local authorities.

Area : 5,676 sq.kmPopulation : 2,567,000DS Divisions : 36GN Divisions : 2,224Villages : 5,265Municipal Councils : 3Urban Councils : 6Pradeshiya Sabhas : 33

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As provincial specific geographical characteristics in the Central Province make access to interior villages more difficult, it is necessary to focus on the provision of basic facilities such as access to quality water, electricity, roads, schools, and health facilities. Parallel with the development of national roads, railway networks, power generation and water supply schemes, province specific roads, electricity, water supply and irrigation schemes will be a priority to ensure that the inter provincial integration is well addressed.

n Water supply and waste disposal facilities for Kandy, Matale and Nuwara Eliya districts. n Resettlement initiatives and new township development in upper Kothmale and Moragahakanda reservoir

development areas.n Small holder plantation to be promoted with aggressive replanting and infilling arrangements to raise yield in tea

production. n Small enterprises engaged in fruits and vegetable cultivation, minor agricultural products, floriculture,

craftsmanship etc. to be given priority in livelihood activities.n Promote full potential in dairy industry exploiting climate advantage in the province.n Pallekele Industrial Park to be linked to the provincial economic activities through backward linkages and

transformed to an industrial township.

Development Priorities

Infrastructure Developmentn Build up connectivity with other regions – Development of highways, railways, transport, and communication

networksn Create universal access within the region - Increase accessibility to electricity, drinking water, and housing etc.n Develop peripheral villages/estatesn Promote sustainable settlementsn Develop tourism infrastructure, make city centers as commercial attractions while preserving the historical/

natural harmonyn Rehabilitate large infrastructure assets related to irrigation, power and energy

Economyn Revitalizing plantations and upcountry agriculture including major export crops n Diversification of dairy and livestock industriesn Promoting tourism industryn Development of traditional Kandyan industries

Human Resources Developmentn Increase accessibility to health and education services through strategic expansion of such servicesn Development of related infrastructure identifying the specific needs of different areas in an integrated manner

with other supportive requirementsn Vocational training and skills development

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National Projects

Katugastota Bridge Nawalapitiya - Ginigathhena Road Ramboda 220m Tunnel Rs. 207mn

Completed Roads

Ongoing Road Projects

Future Road Projects

Naula-Elahera-Hettipola Road

A26 Kandy-Mahiyangana-Padiyatalawa Road

Pelagedara-Rambukkana Road

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Flagship ProjectsCentral Province

Road Development Plan

National Roads Future Plans

Completed Ongoing ProjectsNational

Roads

Provincial Maga

Neguma

District Length

(km)

No. of

Bridges

Length (km) No. of

Bridges

Length

(km)

Length

(km)

Length

(km)

Kandy 102 6 31.82 2 290.41

Matale 80 9 20.12 167.00

Nuwara

Eliya

92 4 33.80 1 313.00

Central

Province

274 19 85.74 3 770.41 1,300 1,200

Development of Kandy Teaching Hospital

Industrial estates at Pallekele (22 factory units) & Nalanda and Ulapane industrial estates (50 factory units)

Development of infrastructure facilities in 3 District Base Hospitals (Teldeniya, Hettipola, and Rikillagaskada)

Beautification of Gregory Lake

Development of Isuru Colleges

Hotel School Kandy

Nuwara Eliya Gandstand Sport Complex

Dambulla as a Commercial Hub

Development of Kandy as a Cultural Hub

Development of Nuwara Eliya as aTourist Hub

Kundasale Kala Nikethana

Establishment of 2 new NAITA Centers

Establishment of a five storied ward complex at the Sirimavo Bandaranaike Children’s Hospital, (Peradeniya )

Construction of 150 beds hospital at Hatton – Dikoya health services in hospitals at Matale

Future Plans

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n Water supply scheme in the towns south of Kandy will cover 80,000 households in Peradeniya, Kadugannawa, Gampola and Ulapane

n Nuwara Eliya scheme will cover 21,000 households in Ginigathhena, Hatton, Maskeliya, Ragala, Rikillagaskada and Walapane

n Greater Kandy Water Supply Project with treatment capacity of 50,000m3 will cover 51,000 households in Kandy city and suburbs

n A sewerage system will be established in Kandy to provide sewerage facilities to the people in the Kandy Municipal Area. The project components include construction of a 22km long sewerage network, pumping stations, treatment plant with the capacity of 8,500m3 etc. and provision of 5,800 new sewerage connections.

n A large scale water supply scheme is expected for Greater Matale n Nawalapitiya Water Supply Scheme was completed in 2008n Marassana and Thalawakale/ Lindula Water Supply Schemes will be completed by 2011n Kundasale Water Supply Scheme - to cover Kundasale, Manikhinna, Dambarawa, Polgolla, and Panvila,

benefitting about 40,000 households and other establishments, including the Kundasale Industrial Zone

Drinking Water Supply and Sewerage

Access to Pipe Borne Water - 42 percent of the population in 2010Target - 65 percent of the population by 2020

Description Kandy Matale N’Eliya Kandurata (Total)

Electrification Level in 2005 (%) 74 74 77 75

Present Electrification Level (%) 79 84 86 83

Expected Target by 2013 (%) 100 100 100 100

Number of Electricity Schemes to be Implemented

510 970 463 1,943

Expected No. of Beneficiaries

n No. of Households 97,400 46,252 16,671 160,323

n No. of Micro, Small and Medium Scale Industries 1,000 700 700 2400

Expected Investment (Rs. mn) (2010-2015)

8,719 5,179 1,176 15,074

Electricity

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Irrigation

Selected Completed, Ongoing and Proposed Irrigation Projects In Central Province

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Irrigation Development Work

Name of the Project District Current Status Extent Benefitted (ha.) No. of Farmer Families

Moragahakanda & Kaluganga Reservoir Project OPEC, SAUDI, Kuwait, JICA (20 MW Hydro Power)

Trincomalee, Anuradhapura, Matale, Polonnaruwa

Ongoing 81,422ha. existing lands Farmer families in nine Mahaweli Systems

Gurugal Oya Project Kandy and Nuwara Eliya

Ongoing 810 2400

Rehabilitation of Minipe Main Canal

Kandy Ongoing 6100 1000

Construction of Dambulu Oya Anicut

Matale Ongoing 265 265

Wemadilla Reservoir Matale Ongoing 720 600

Mahagoana Wewa Project Matale Ongoing 250 500

Dam Safety & W. R. P. Project (10 Dams)

Matale, Kandy and Nuwara Eliya

Ongoing

The launch of the largest ever irrigation reservoir, Moragahakanda, is a landmark event in the country’s agricultural sphere, bringing large tracts of land under cultivation. This project will overcome water deficits in the Yala season affecting 87,439ha in Matale, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa and Trincomalee Districts.

Moragahakanda: Lanka’s largest investment in irrigation

Rural Development Projects

Minor Irrigation

Rural Water Supply

27,810ha of agricultural land and 98,999 farmer families will benefit from the rehabilitation of 4,915 irrigation schemes

60 Grama Niladari Divisions (GNDs) in the Kandy District, 52 GNDs in the Matale District and 81 GNDs in the Nuwara Eliya District have been covered by community water schemes benefitting about 29,000 households including several estates.

255 rural electrification schemes are being implemented, benefitting about 6,000 households.

Rural Electrification

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Kandurata UdanayaGama Neguma Programme: 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress - 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. mn)

No of

Projects Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. mn)

Output (km/Units/

Projects)

No. of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 7,805 2,533 12,224 1,619,747 719 815 983 2517

Electricity 357 175 237 10 103 103 140 347

Water Supply &

Sanitation

316 86 98 15,417 205 207 281 693

Small Irrigation 566 76 100 34,104 308 310 421 1040

Common

Buildings

539 458 258 3,211 103 103 140 347

Livelihood 417 145 19 - 411 413 562 1386

Social

Development

181 63 170 8,636 205 207 281 693

Total 10,181 3,536 13,106 1,681,125 2054 2159 2810 7022

Performance

2005 2009 2016

Provincial GDP Rs.bn 178 465 1,125

Provincial Per Capita Income

Rs.’000

70 175 394

Poverty Headcount Index 22.3 9.5 5.9

Infant Mortality Per 1000 Live

Births

14.5 11.1 5.9

Maternal Mortality Ratio Per

1000 Live Births

0.49 0.46 0.21

Access to Safe Water (%) 70.6 72.1 80.0

Access to Electricity (%) 75.0 89.6 100.0

Unemployment Rate 6.9 6.5 4.5

Rural Roads

142km of Provincial roads have been upgraded and 169km of roads are being upgraded in the province. Under Maga Neguma, 508km of roads have been upgraded and this is continued annually

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Emerging Economy of the Central ProvinceThe Diversity and Growth

Central Province Economy Provincial Shares of GDP - 2016

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Pubudamu WellassaUva Province consisting of Badulla and Moneragala districts and once known as the “Rice Bowl” of Sri Lanka, has a per capita income of US$ 1,486. This economy consists of tea plantation, upcountry and low country vegetables, rubber, paddy, maize, sugar and subsidized crops as well as several tourism attractions. The rapid development of estate sector having electricity, drinking water, sanitation, schools, health facilities and market places, transport facilities, minor irrigations are key priorities under the regional initiative of “Pubudamu Wellassa”.

Area : 8,335 sq.km.Population : 1,309,000No. of DS Divisions : 26No. of Predeshiya Sabha Divisions : 24No. of GN Divisions : 886No. of Villages : 3,320No. of Municipal Councils : 1No. of Urban Councils : 2

Development Initiatives

Regional Economy; Rural Economy;

n Diversification and productivity improvement of agricultural productsn Agricultural entrepreneurship developmentn Intensive level of livestock developmentn Develop all potential tourist attractions and related infrastructuren Development of fishery harbours

n Promotion of rural industries and backyard industries

Infrastructure; Human Resources Development;

n Development of intra-regional, regional and rural infrastructuren Improve electricity distribution and transmissionn Conduct feasibility of rail transportationn Improve irrigation efficiencyn Upgrade accessibility to services of transport,

telecommunication and water supply

n Development and upgrading of health and education

infrastructuren Vocational trainingn Development of sports and related infrastructure

Badulla District

Monaragala District

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Road Development

Completed Roads Ongoing Road Works Planned Road Works

Colombo - Ratnapura - Wellawaya -

Batticaloa Road

Wellawaya - Ella - Kumbalwela Road Badulla - Karametiya - Andaulpotha Road

Beragala - Hali-Ela Road Peradeniya - Badulla - Chenkaladi Road

Nuwara Eliya to Badulla

Wellawaya - Ella - Kumbalwela Road

Beragala - Hali-Ela Road Badulla - Kandy (Rajamawatha)

New Road

Peradeniya - Badulla - Chenkaladi Road

Bandarawela - Welimada Road Feasibility Study of Badulla - Kandy Road

(Uva - Ketawala to Keerthibandarapura)

Passara - Moneragala Road

Roehampton - Diyatalawa - Bandarawela

Road

Badulla - Karametiya - Andaulpotha Road Kandy - Mahiyangana - Padiyathalawa

Road

Colombo - Galle - Hambantota -

Wellawaya Road

Colombo - Ratnapura - Wellawaya -

Batticaloa Road

Mahiyangana - Dimbulagala - Dalukkane

Road

Colombo - Ratnapura - Wellawaya -

Batticaloa Road

Udawalawe - Tanamalwila Road Udawalawe - Tanamalwila Road

Siyambalanduwa - Damana -

Ampara Road

Passara - Moneragala Road Rectification and overlay of internal

roads in Dayatakirulasite

Colombo - Ratnapura - Wellawaya -

Batticaloa Road

Bibile - Medagama - Nakkala Road

Badalkumbura - Buttala - Sella

Kataragama Road

Wellawaya - Ella - Kumbalwela Road

( 0 km to 14.08 km) including

Wellawaya bypass

Kumbukkana Okkampitiya Maligawila

Road Passara - Hingurukaduwa Pelwatte

Road

In the ongoing and proposed National Road Development Plan, the Province has been properly connected to Western, Southern, Northern and Central Provinces enhancing the opportunities to increase the transportation facilities for the production in Uva Province.

Wellawaya-Siyambalanduwa Road Weeravila-Kataragama Road

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Rural Roads;n Maga Neguma - 491km of rural roads have been upgraded to motorable level.n Gama Neguma - 4,220 rural road development projects have been completed on tar base and concrete base, 2006-2010

Urban Water Supply

Access to pipe borne water will be increased from existing 20 percent to 35 percent by 2016 in the Province through implementation of the following water supply schemes;

Ongoing Number of Beneficiaries

Ohiya Transmission 31,150Moneragala Water Supply 9,800Badalkumbura Water Supply 22,000Ambagasduwa Water Supply 6,000Wellawaya Water supply 6, 000Buttala Scheme To be startedMoneragala-Buttala Scheme 75,000Badalkumbura-Alupotha Scheme 12,000Augmentation of Mahiyangana Scheme 30,000Badulla-Haliella & Ella Scheme 170,000

Urban

Access to electricity will be improved from 75 percent to 100 percent of population during 2010-2016 through the mega schemes of Uva Udanaya, Pubudamu Wellassa and Access to Clean Energy and Lighting Sri Lanka.

Uva Udanaya project will be implemented in 515 areas providing electricity to 16,000 households.

Rural electrification project will cover 340 schemes benefiting 18,000 households. Clean energy Access Project will increase the distribution capacity.

Water Supply Electricity

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Menik Ganga (Weheragala) Scheme - Water will be diverted through a 23km long canal from Weheragala to irrigate 3,100ha while 3,000 families will be provided with drinking water.

Improvement of Hospitals …….

Construction of a Chest Clinic at Badulla Hospital

The Badulla and Moneragala hospitals were given a facelift as the best hospitals in Sri Lanka. The paying wards in the hospital were refurbished and new wards were constructed.

A Chest Clinic at Badulla hospital and new wards at Moneragala hospital are being constructed.

Ambulances were provided to most of the hospitals in the Province enabling the people in these two districts to enjoy a healthy lifestyle.

The estate hospital facilities will be improved with equipment and MBBS qualified doctors .

Flagship Projects

Wellassa-Bibila-Badulla New Rail Line – Feasibility study is being undertaken 2010-2011

An Industrial Estate at Buttala is being developed targeting high quality timber production

Uva Wellassa State University - Facilities are being improved

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Badulla as a ‘Green City;’ Being a city of culture, religion and nature with different climatic areas and known as the mountainous city Badulla is to be developed as a Green City.

Uva Province Tourism Development; As a Province which is home to a large sector of bio-diversity, natural resources and historical sites such as Badulla, Bandarawela, Ella, Haputale, Buttala, Thanamalwila, Wellawaya and Kataragama that are frequently visited by local and foreign tourists, tourism has much potential in the Uva Province to create employment, regional development and multiple spin-offs for rural poverty alleviation.

Rural Development Initiatives in the Uva Province

Rural and Estate Housing

To uplift the lives of people working in the estate sector, 27 housing projects have been implemented in Badulla District. By these projects, 765 housing units will be constructed in the four divisions – including 194 housing units in Haldummulla, 183 in the Haputale, 105 units in Passara and 100 housing units in Hali Ela.

Livelihood Development

Gama Neguma - 829 livelihood development projects, 537 social development projects and 420 community development projects were completed during 2006-2010 period. Agriculture, Inland Fishing, Fisheries, Kirigammana, Rural Industries are also covered. To avoid wastage of fruits and vegetables, post harvest technology has been provided.

One of the largest milk processing plants in Sri Lanka will be opened in Pelwatte. The factory will collect 150,000 litres of milk per day benefitting 20,000 farmer families.

O ne o f the la rges t milk proce s s ingpla nts in S ri L a nka will be ope ne din P el wa tte . Th e fa c tory w ill co lle ct1 50 ,0 00 litre s of milk p e r da ybenefiting 20 ,0 00 fa rme r fa milies inthe country.

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Minor Irrigation Schemes

n 4,692 provincial minor irrigation schemes were rehabilitated providing facilities to irrigate 19,097ha to facilitate more than 80,000 farmer families. n Gama Neguma – Jathikasaviya Programme has rehabilitated 133 minor irrigation schemes during 2006-2010 period.n Muthkeliyawa anicut, Dambe wewa and Horabokka anicut were rehabilitated under Mutukandiya scheme. n Ugasladevi wewa, Katupothwewa scheme, Bahirawa Channel scheme, Ethili wewa scheme, and Pelessa wewa scheme were restored.n Feeder canal and minor tanks were rehabilitated under the Weli Oya project

Rural Water Supply; Under Gama Neguma, 335 water supply schemes have been completed during 2009-2010 period. Fifteen community water supply schemes have been completed within the last five years in Badulla district benefitting about 3,000 households.

Rural Electrification; Sri Lanka’s first solar power enabled village has been established providing facilities to 300 houses in Galgamuwa village in Moneragala. Under Gama Neguma, 379 rural electricity projects have been completed during 2005-2010 period. A total of 346 rural schemes are being provided with electricity by CEB benefitting 18,000 households in the Province.

Pubudamu Wellassa - Gama Neguma Programme: 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress - 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. mn)

No of Projects

Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. mn)

Output

(km/Units/

Projects)

No . of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 4,523 1,812 3,909 253,606 410 640 750 1800

Electricity 293 307 293 10,020 59 59 76 194

Water Supply &

Sanitation

359 114 335 14,807 117 118 153 388

Small Irrigation 226 59 133 13,501 176 177 229 582

Common Buildings 358 142 358 15,280 59 59 76 194

Livelihood 829 103 829 320 234 236 305 776

Social

Development

600 80 599 32,260 117 118 153 388

Total 7,188 2,618 6,456 339,794 1171 1409 1742 4321

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Uva Province Performance

Emerging Economy of the Uva ProvinceThe Diversity and Growth

Uva Province Economy Provincial Shares of GDP - 2016

2005 2009 2016

Provincial GDP (Rs.bn) 95 220 675

Provincial Per capita GDP Rs. ‘000 77 168 481

Poverty Headcount Index 27 9.3 5.8

Infant Mortality per 1000 live births 7.5 5.5 2.0

Maternal mortality ratio 1000 live births 0.62 0.57 0.31

Access to safe water % 67.9 78.3 88.0

Access to Electricity % 55.0 75.5 100.0

Unemployment 8.2 4.6 3.0

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Sabaragamuwa Arunalokaya

The Sabaragamuwa Province which is well known for its gems, spices and plantations, contributes to about 6.3 percent of the GDP. The provincial economy enjoys a per capita income of US$ 1,570. Under the Sabaragamuwa Arunalokaya, Kegalle and Ratnapura districts will be developed with the aim of exploiting their economic potential. It is expected to increase the contribution to the GDP by the two districts of the Province with uniquely different resources in each district, which offer quite a diverse opportunity for development.

The Mahinda Chintana - Vision for the Future introduces Sabaragamuwa Arunalokaya with the aim of exploiting the opportunities to provide benefits to the people in the province. As both districts have a large part of estate and rural communities, this regional development initiative will aim at addressing their needs on housing, drinking water, electricity, roads, schools and health facilities, whilst supplementing the benefits of development programmes of Provincial Councils and line agencies of the Government.

Area : 4,968 sq.kmPopulation : 1.9 millionDS Divisions : 28GN Divisions : 1,148Villages : 3,573Municipal Councils : 1Urban Councils : 3Pradeshiya Sabhas : 14

Provincial Economy

Minerals – Gem, Graphite, Quatzite, Mica, Thorianite

Tea-Rubber PlantationCardamom, Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmeg &PepperCoffee & CocoaVegetable & Fruits Paddy CultivationFloriculture

Beverage and TobaccoWood Products and FurniturePaper ProductsHandicraftRubber and Plastic

Development PrioritiesInfrastructure Development

n Improvement of national and provincial road infrastructure to facilitate improved connectivity and integrate with emerging economies in the Magam-Ruhunupura, Western Province, North Western Province and Central Province

n Rehabilitation of Chandrika Wewa for expansion of irrigated agriculturen Expansion of power distribution and transmission systemn Replanting and new planting of plantation crops to sustain high yieldn Develop as a gem cutting and processing centren Management of natural disasters

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Economy

n Promote eco-tourism and leisure activities through the development of Pinnawala Zoological Garden, and Elephant Orphanage

n Promote horticulture in Kuruwita, Ratnapura and Kegalle areasn Conservation of environmental and wildlife resources

Human Resources Development

n Develop Sabaragamuwa University with modern infrastructure facilities and other resources to be on par with other national universities

n Increase literacy and skills of out of school youth and adultsn Upgrade technical colleges and train instructors n Establish national apprenticeship and technical training collegesn Upgrade working conditions of gem mining workers

National Projects

Road Development (km)

Sector Ratnapura Kegalle Sabaragamuwa

National Roads 711 509 1220

n Upgraded/ in good condition 71 53 124

n Expected to be upgraded 455 207 662

Provincial Roads 1,260 1,267 2,527

n Upgraded/ in good condition 210 245 455

n Expected to be rehabilitated 289 368 657

Rural/Estate Roads 7,369 2,728 10,097

n Upgraded/ in good condition 2,646 1,478 4,124

n Expected to be upgraded 1,100 1,000 2,100

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Construction Road MapNational Roads Development in Sabaragamuwa Province

Length of Road

Section in the

District (km)

Total

Project

Length

(km)

Ongoing

Kegalle

Improvements to Talduwa Meevitigammana Road 4.74 4.74

Improvements to Mawanella - Aranayake - Horewela Road 14.45 14.45

Improvements to Nelundeniya - Tuntota - Galapitamada Road 5 5

Improvements to Dehiowita - Deraniyagala - Noori Road 2 2

Improvement of Karadupona - Rambukkana Road 8.81 8.81

Ratnapura

Rehabilitation of Idangoda - Ayagama Road 6.0 6.0

Balance work of Idangoda - Ayagama Road 7.0 7.0

Improvements of Middeniya -Panamure (4.6 - 12.45km) and Embilipitiya - Panamure Bulutota

Road ( 0 - 10.05km)

17.9 17.9

Rehabilitation and DBST on Kalavana - Depdene - Rakwana Road (10 - 22 km) 12.0 12.0

Rehabilitation and DBST on Kalavana - Depdene - Rakwana Road 22.0 22.0

Improvement of drainage at Ratnapura Town on Colombo - Ratnapura - Batticaloa Road 1.0 1.0

Committed

Kegalle

Improvement of Polgahawela - Kegalle Road 8.86 8.86

Kegalle - Bulathkohupitiya - Karawanella Road from Kegalla to Warawala Jn 35.2 35.2

Ambepussa - Kurunegala - Trincomalee Road from Ambepussa - Provincial Boundary 7.11 7.11

Improvement of Eheliyagoda - Dehiovita Road from 3.2 - 16.785km 13.58 13.58

Improvements to Talduwa - Meevitigammana Road Stage - 111 (9.20-13.00km) 3.80 3.80

Improvenents to Mawanella - Hemmathgama - Gampola Road (0.00 - 5.00km) 5.00 5.00

Improvenents to Dedugala - Palampitiya - Dolosbage Road (7.00 - 10.20km) 3.20 3.20

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Improvements to Dehiowita - Deraniyagala - Noori Road (B093) 25.96 25.96

Improvement of Galigomuwa - Ruwanwella Road 22.52 22.52

Kegalle - Bulathkohupitiya - Karawanella Road 6.65 6.65

Warakapola - Kandalama Road 1.95 1.95

Warakapola - Ruwanwella Road 22.26 22.26

Improvenents to Mawanella - Hemmathgama - Gampola Road 16.00 16.00

Ratnapura

Widening of Udawalawa - Tanamalwila Road 5.00 5.00

Improvement of Eheliyagoda - Dehiovita Road 3.22 3.22

Improvement of Embilipitiya - Moraketiya - Kiriibbanara - Uda Mauara Road 5.62 5.62

Rehabilitation of Bandaranayaka Mawatha (Hospital - Esplanade Road, Ratnapura) 1.00 1.00

Widening of Goodshed Road 1.20 1.20

Improvement of Ratnapura - Wewelwatte Road 28.00 28.00

Rehabilitation of Malwala - Karniya Road 14.48 14.48

Improvement of Tiruwanaketiya - Agalawatte Road 47.86 47.86

Ingiriya-Ratnapura Road Balangoda Bypass

Length of Road

Section in the

District (km)

Total

Project

Length

(km)

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Electricity : The present coverage of electricity in Ratnapura and Kegalle districts is 70 and 79 percent, respectively. It is expected to increase the coverage in Sabaragamuwa province to 100 percent by 2012. In order to achieve this target, 2150 rural electrification projects in Ratnapura district and 925 projects in Kegalle district will be implemented.

Irrigation Sector Development in the Sabaragamuwa Province

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Irrigation Schemes:

n Wewlanda Wewa, which is located in Ratnapura distcrict, is being rehabilitated. The extent benefitted through this scheme will be 350ha.

n Rehabilitation of Chandrika Wewa in Ratnapura district is another scheme which is being carried out under the Dam Safety and Water Resources Project.

n In addition, 2,395 minor irrigation schemes have been initiated throughout the Sabaragamuwa Province. Under these schemes, 16,478ha and 66,565 farmer families will benefit.

n The pre-feasibility study on Kaluganga scheme will be undertaken to explore the possibility of initiating a new large scale irrigation scheme.

Supply of Drinking Water

Currently, access to pipe borne water in the Province stands at 20 percent of the total population and it is expected to increase this to 42 percent

Name of the Project District Current Status No.of Beneficiaries

Embilipitiya Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Ongoing 84,000

Pelmadulla Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Ongoing 14,500

Nivitigala Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Ongoing 9,400

Udawalawa Water Supply Scheme

(Stage I & II)

Ratnapura Ongoing 51,000

Gadakawela Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Ongoing 22,500

Gonagala Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Committed 20,000

Kollonna-Balangoda Integrated Water

Supply Scheme

Ratnapura Proposed 140,000

Ratnapura Water Supply Scheme

(Stage I)

Ratnapura Proposed 140,000

Kiriella Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Proposed 8,000

Alupiniella Water Supply Scheme Ratnapura Proposed 20,000

Yatiyantota Water Supply Scheme Kegalle Ongoing 9,400

Pattampitiya Water Supply Scheme Kegalle Ongoing 7,300

Galigamuwa Water Supply Scheme Kegalle Ongoing 30,800

Ruwanwella Water Supply Scheme Kegalle Proposed 110,000

Warakapola Water Supply Scheme Kegalle Proposed 90,000

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Tourism

n Establish Pinnawala Zoological Park

n Build 2,000 hotel rooms under private sector investment

n Establish Tourism Information Centres

n Develop Belihul Oya Rest House

n Establish three Leisure Parks at Embilipitiya, Ratnapura and Kegalle

n Promote eco tourism at Sinharaja, Sri Pada and Udawalawa

n Promote adventure tourism based on rivers and mountains

Industry

Establish an Investment Promotion Zone at Galigamuwa Embilipitiya and Kuruwita

5,270 employment opportunities will be created

747km of rural roads have been upgraded and 162km of provincial roads have been upgraded and 181km of roads are being upgraded

18 community schemes have been completed providing access to drinking water supply to 4,078 households in Ratnapura District

16,478ha extent of agricultural land can be irrigated through rehabilitation of 2,395 schemes in the Province benefitting 66,656 farmer failies

Lighting Sri Lanka project will be implemented in 246 schemes providing electricity to 2,600 households

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Sabaragamuwa Arunalokaya Gama Neguma Programme: 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress - 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. mn)

No of Projects

Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. mn)

Output

(km/Units/

Projects

No . of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 10,681 3,150 5,871 997,694 560 710 780 2,050

Electricity 188 77 112 11,625 65 66 88 220

Water Supply &

Sanitation

287 84 170 20,941 131 132 177 439

Small Irrigation 818 141 342 32,228 196 198 265 659

Common Buildings 91 60 51 16,520 65 66 88 220

Livelihood 3,803 118 2,126 43,024 262 264 353 878

Social

Development

730 134 480 55,366 131 132 177 439

Total 16,598 3,764 9,152 1,177,398 1,410 1,567 1,928 4,905

2005 2009 2016

Provincial GDP (Rs.bn.) 133 303 787

Per Capita Income (Rs.’000) 72 157 381

Poverty Headcount Index 24.2 9.3 5.7

Infant & Child Mortality Per

1000 Live Births

11.1 5.5 2.5

Maternal Mortality Ratio Per

100,000 Live Births

0.45 0.44 0.28

Access to Safe Water 63.8 72.9 85.0

Access to Electricity 65.5 83.5 100.0

Unemployment Rate 7.8 5.7 3.7

Sabaragamu Province Performance

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Emerging Economy of the Sabaragamuwa Province - The Diversity and Growth

Sabaragamuwa Province EconomyProvincial Shares of GDP - 2016

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Uthuru WasanthayaThe Uthuru Wasanthaya (Vadakkin Wasantham), the Northern reawakening programme is the accelerated regional development initiative of the Government to rebuild the Northern part of Sri Lanka liberated from LTTE in May 2009. This Province together with adjoining districts in the North Central Province and Eastern Province, suffered severe setback and lost the entire infrastructure facilities and the economy during the 26 year long LTTE terrorism. Currently the Northern Province contributes 3.3 percent of GDP in the country. The Provincial GDP amounted to Rs. 159 bn. and per capita income is about US$ 1,185 in comparison to the national average of US$ 2,053. The new initiative is designed to regain missed opportunities in the Province and place it for an economic take-off based on its untapped resources. The strategy has following features;

n Demining of mined areas to make the province mine free with the priority being on farm lands and public places in the immediate to short term.

n Resettlement of displaced people in their respective homes in the short to medium term.

n Rebuilding and restoration of nearly 600,000 fully and partially damaged houses.

n Construction of Government offices and residential facilities, schools, hospitals, court houses, market places, bus stands, townships, banking facilities, cooperatives and trading facilities.

n Restoration of temples, kovils, churches, mosques and archaeological cities.

n Provision of electricity, water, telecommunication facilities, public transportation, irrigatio and rural and provincial roads.

n Rebuilding of national highways, railway lines, ports and airports as a part of the national infrastructure drive and economic integration.

n Restoration of the agricultural farms, fisheries, harbours and development of industrial estates and livelihood activities.

n Development of stadiums, playgrounds and recreation facilities.

n Conservation programmes for coastal belt, forestry and water resources.

The Government has progressed in demining, resettlements, restoration of basic facilities and gradual normalization of civil life. Nearly US$ 2,000 million from multilateral and bilateral funding sources have been mobilized and budgetary resources have been committed for the medium to long term development. The medium term reconstruction strategy, which has commenced from mid 2010, is expected to be completed by 2012.

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n Fast tracked infrastructure development such as all highways of A 9, A 32, Point Pedro Road, Jaffna-Ponnalai-Point Pedro Roads, main bridges, railways, ports and airports telecommunications, electricity transmission & distribution, ports, aviation etc.

n Reconstruct and rehabilitate the major irrigation systems such as Iranamadu, Giant Tank etc. in the Province

n Increase the access to services of transport, telecommunications, water supply etc.

n Development of town centres as main service points which serve for business development

n Establishment of wastewater and storm water drainage systems

Human Resources Developmentn Reconstruction, upgrade and development of essential health and education infrastructure

n Improve health and education services

n Vocational training

n Development of Jaffna University as a knowledge centre

Economyn Bring 50,000ha. of abandoned paddy lands under cultivation by and increase paddy yield from 3.05 mt/ha to 4 mt/ha

n Increase the extent of cultivation and productivity of other field crops by 30%

n Develop tourism potential in Mannar, Jaffna and Mullativu districts.

n Strengthen local/home technology and products

n Reactivate the defunct agriculture processing systems, Cooperative Societies, market centres etc.

Development PrioritiesInfrastructure Development;

area : 8.884 sq.kmPopulation ; 1,291,000no. of DS Divisions ; 33no. of Grama niladari Divisions ; 931no. of Villages ; 2,939no. of Municipal Councils ; 1no. Pradeshiya Sabhas ; 28no. of Urban Councils ; 5

Killinochchi District

Mannar District

Vavuniya District

Jaffna District

Mullaitivu District

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n Development of fishing infrastructure and increase of fish production from 15,000 Mt to 50,000 Mt

n Revitalize the existing industries and develop new industrial establishments

n Rebuild the underperforming economic activities

n Exploit alternative energy sources

n Make long term investments in cement, salt and chemicals industries.

National Projects

Roads Road Density in Northern Province is currently 0.48km/km2 whereas it is 1.5km/km2 at the national level, indicating prolonged neglect and underinvestment. To address this immediately efforts have been made on rehabilitation and improvement of the road network in the Northern Province with sustained investment. It is expected that improved road connectivity will infuse much impact on creating opportunities and improving competitiveness in this region.

Mannar Causeway

Mannar Bridge Murunkan-Chilawaturai Road Kandy - Jaffna Road

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A32 Poonakari-Navatkuli Road A9 Kandy-Jaffna Road

Mannar-Puttalam Road

Mannar-Medawachchiya Road

Mullaitivu-Puliyankulam Road

Mullaitivu-Paranthan Road

Coastal Ring Road Peninsula Road Network connecting Jaffna with Peninsula arterial roads

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Length of Road Section in the District (km)

Total Project Length (km)

Construction Ongoing - 2010

Jaffna

Jaffna-Manipay-Karainagar Road (Karainagar Causeway) 3 3

Jaffna - Point Pedro Road 23 3

Killinochchi

Vavuniya–Parayanalankulam Road 10 10

Medawachchiya-Mannar-Thalaimannar Road 17 17

Vavuniya

Improvements to Medawachchiya-Mannar-Talaimannar Road 30 30

Rehabilitation of Nawathkuli-Karativu-Mannar Road 10 10

Making passable road section from 0km to 46km of South Coast Road (Thalyadi-Arippu-Marichchi Kadai Road (B403)) with gravel surfacing

47 47

Construction of Pulliyadrakkam-Madu Road 10 10

Rehabilitation of Navatkuli- Keritivu-Mannar Road 11 1

Length of Road Section in the District (km)

Total Project Length (km)

Construction Planned – Beyond 2011

Jaffna

Improvement of Kandy - Jaffna Road from Thandikulam to Jaffna 33 73.21

Navatkuli-Kerativu Road 17 17

Manipay-Kaithady Road 14 14

Vallai-Tellipallai-Araly Road 27 27

Rehabilitation of Jaffna-K.K.S Road 19 19

Improvement of Jaffna-Palali Road 17 17

Improvement of Jaffna-Ponnalai-Point Pedro Road 54 54

Improvement of Puloly-Kodikamam-Kachchai Road 19 19

Improvement of Puttur-Meesalai Road 64 64

Improvement of Manipay-Kaithady Road 14 14

Improvement of Chavakachcheri-Puloly Road 20 20

Construction Road MapNational Roads in the Northern Province

AfterBefore

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Length of Road Section in the District (km)

Total Project Length (km)

Improvement of Vauniya Parayankulam Road 10 10

Rehabilitation/Improvement of Mullaitivu-Puliyankulam Road 20 20

Improvement of Oddusudan-Nedunkerny Road 2 2

Improvement of Kandy-Jaffna Road from Thandikulam to Jaffna 39 39

Bazaar Street, Vavuniya. 2 2

Velikulam-Mamaduwa Road 8 8

Vavuniya–Parayanalankulam Road 26 26

Killinochchi

Navatkuli-Keritivu-Mannar Road 25.6 25.6

South Coast Road 46.7 46.7

Medawachchiya-Mannar-Thalaimannar Road 29.0 29.0

Improvement of Mankulam-Vellankulam Road 8.0 8.0

Vavuniya

Improvement of Mankulam-Mullaitivu Road 49.1 49.1

Improvement of Mankulam-Vellankulam Road 29.8 29.8

Rehabilitation/Improvement of Mullaitivu-Puliyankulam Road 21.7 21.7

Improvement of Mullaitivu-Kokkilai Road 36.2 36.2

Rehabilitation/Improvement of Oddisudan-Nedunkeny Road 9.3 9.3

Rehabilitation/Improvement of Paranthan-Mullaitivu Road 37.7 37.7

Improvement of Kandy-Jaffna Road from Thandikulam to Jaffna 25.8 25.8

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Sri Lanka by the Irrigation Department and the main water resource for drinking water and for irrigation in the North

IrrigationPeople in the Northern Province for centuries have depended mainly on agriculture, which is the prominent source of their income. Available paddy land extent in the Northern Region is estimated at about 100,000ha. of which about 45,000ha. of land comes under the command area of an irrigation scheme. With the completion of the rehabilitation of irrigation schemes, irrigable lands will be fully utilized in the region.

At present, several major, medium and minor irrigation tanks are being rehabilitated and the renovation of large irrigation schemes, such as Giant’s tank and Iranamadu tank are also in progress allowing farmers to restart cultivation in their ancestral lands after a lapse of several years.

ElectricityGiving electricity to the people of the North is a top priority on the agenda under Uthuru Wasanthaya Programme. During the years of conflict, all transmission lines have been damaged and the entire network has to be reconstructed while power distribution sub stations should be developed immediately to provide electricity to the rural areas.

To reinforce the transmission network, 67km Vavuniya-Killinochchi 132 KW transmission line will be constructed.

Constructing a grid substation at Killinochchi.

132 KW Kilinochchi-Chunakkam 67.2km Transmission line to be constructed.

Augmentation of Vavuniya Grid Substation

North East Transmission Development

Mullaitivu Electricity Supply Scheme has been setup

50km electricity line along the A34 highway from Mankulam to Mullaitivu via Oddusudan is done

Northern

Electricity Coverage

2010 - 48%2015 -100%

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Name of the Irrigation Scheme District Current StatusExtent Benefitted

(ha.)No. of Farmer

Families

Nampan Kulum Vavuniya Ongoing 104 110

Mamaduwa “ “ 267 270

Akathimurippu Mannar “ 2523 2220

Thadchanamaruthamadu Mannar “ 215 214

Tenniyan Kulam Mullaitivu “ 344 340

Pavakkulam Irrigation Scheme Vavuniya “ 1674 1555

Giant's Tank Mannar “ 9894 10455

Akkarayan Killinochchi “ 1311 1300

Iranamadu Killinochchi “ 8454 10100

Kanagarayan Kulam Vavuniya Committed 94 90

Ampalaperumal Mullaitivu “ 252 250

Iyan Kulam Mullaitivu “ 385 350

Kalvilan Kulam Mullaitivu “ 162 160

Koddaiddina Kulam Mullaitivu “ 164 160

Kallavillan Kulam Mullaitivu “ 106 100

Mallavi Kulam Mullaitivu “ 132 130

Maruthan Kulam Mullaitivu “ 182 180

Panankamam Kulam Mullaitivu “ 121 121

Therankandal Kulam Mullaitivu “ 121 110

Muthu Iyan Kaddu Mullaitivu “ 1680 1680

Kalmadu Killinochchi “ 1397 1450

Kariyalai Nagapaduvan Killinochchi “ 609 550

Kanagambikai Killinochchi “ 105 90

Periyapandivirichchan Mannar “ 215 214

Rehabilitation of Irrigation Schemes in the Northern Province

Reconstructed Thondamanaru Barrage to address the issue of salt water intrusion to Jaffna Peninsula,

Valukkalai Aru main channel work in progress and Giant’s Tank Rehabilitation

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Drinking Water Supply As acute shortage of drinking water continues to prevail across almost all the villages in the entire Northern Province, there is an urgent need to augment water supply facilities. Currently, access to safe water in the Province stands at 83 percent of the population and access to pipe borne water stands at 5 percent. To address this, there are several mega water supply projects lined up for implementation.

Jaffna -Killinochchi Integrated Water Supply Scheme - 33,000 households

Killinochchi Town Water Supply Scheme– 1000 households

Mulaitivu District Ground Water Project

Vavunia District Water

Supply Scheme - 22,000 Households

Mannar District Water Supply Scheme-20,000 households

Mannar Scheme- 4,000 connections

Access to Pipe-borne Water Supply

2010Existing Pipe-Borne Water Supply Schemes Access to pipe borne water supply -5%

2020Pipe-BorneWater SupplySchemes to beConstructed- Access to Pipe borne Water supply - 25%

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Construction of Kankasanturai-Pallai Railway Line

Medawachchiya-Madu 43 km Railway construction

Madu-Thalaimannar 63km Railway Line

Moving ahead from merely bringing the day to day life back to normal, several strategic initiatives will be implemented to reawaken the Northern economy.

Flagship Projects

Durai Appa Stadium

65-acre Achuweli Economic Zone, one of the main industrial attractions in Jaffna is also to be rebuilt

!

!

Development of Kankasanthurai Port

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Administrative Complex at Mankulam

Replacing of Omanthai-Pallai Railway Line

Jaffna Teaching Hospital after renovation

!

Proposed Killinochchi Industrial Estate; To uplift the living standards of unemployed youth and low income people in the Killinochchi district and encourage them to enter into small and medium scale industries.

Palmyrah Industry Development; It is proposed to set up an Industrial Estate to produce Palmyrah related products – Expecting such a development, large scale Palmyrah planting is underway.

Mannar Basin oil exploration work in progress - Looking for oil in a 3,000sq km block in deep sea water ranging from 400 metres in the East to about 1,900 metres towards the West.

!

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Rural Development Projects

Maga Neguma

Rural Water Supply

Minor Irrigation26,550ha. extent of agricultrual land can be irrigated through rehabilitiation of 1,737 schemes in the Province benefitting 60,173 farmer families.

Out of 103 rural electrification projects commenced, 93 schemes have been completed. 400 schemes are being implemented by CEB to expand electricity distribution to the villages in the Northern Province.

472km of rural roads have been upgraded under Maga Neguma and 217km of provincial roads are being upgraded.

140 rural schemes have been completed providing access to drinking water supply.

!

Investment Area

Progress - 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. Mn)

No of Projects Implemented

Expenditure (Rs. Mn)

Output (KM/

Units/Projects

No of Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 338 190 311 64,367 521 526 688

1,735

Electricity 145 102

92 14,225 74 75 98 248

Water Supply & Sanitation

170 56 135 8,672 149 150 196 495

Small Irrigation 57 51 54

7,721 223 226 295 744

Common Buildings

42 25

36 24,694 74 75 98 248

Livelihood 554 365 530

40,193 298 301 393 992

Social Development

162 85 131 42,829 149 150 196 495

Total 1,468 874 1,289 202,701 1,490 1,503 1,964 4,958

Uthuru WasanthayaGama Neguma Programme 2006 – 2013

Rural Electrification

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!"#$%&'%(!)*'*"+(*,(-.#(/*$-.#$'(((0$*1&')#(

2.#(3&1#$4&-+(5'6(7$*8-.(

/*$-.#$'(0$*1&')#(!)*'*"+(0$*1&')&59(:.5$#4(*,(730(;<=>(

Emerging Economy of the Northern ProvinceThe Diversity and Growth

2005 2009 2016

Provincial GDP Rs. bn 63 159 787

Provincial Per Capita GDP Rs.’000 56 134 618

Poverty Headcount Index N/A N/A 6.9

Prosperity Index 41.8 43.6

Infant Mortality per 1000 Live Births 4.5 3.0 1.5

Maternal Mortality Ratio per 1000 Live Births 0.59 0.56 0.31

Access to Safe Water % N/A N/A 70.0

Access to Electricity % 35.5 48.2 100.0

Unemployment N/A N/A 3.0

Performance

Uthuru Wasanthaya

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Area :9,996sq.km.Population :1,539,000No.ofDSDivisions :45No.ofPredeshiyaSabhaDivisions :37No.ofGNDivisions :1,079No.ofVillages :2,378No.ofMunicipalCouncil :2No.ofUrbanCouncils:4

Negenehira Navodaya

SincethecompleteliberationoftheEasternProvincefromLTTEterrorisminJuly2007,anaccelerateddevelopmentprogrammewasimplementedfortheEasternProvince.TheeconomiccontributionofEasternProvincetoGDPisabout5.8percent.TheprovincialGDPiscontributedbyallthreesectors;Agriculture,IndustryandServices.EasternProvincecurrentlygrowsataround14percentandthepercapitaincomeisUS$1,877.

TheEasternProvincehasdiversifiednaturalresourcestodeveloppaddy,agriculture,tourism,wildlife,fisheries,livestockandsugarinallthreedistricts.Thethreedistrictsconsistsofabout15%ofthecountry’slandareawhichisarableforwidevarietyofcropsandownsplentyofnaturalresourcesvaryingfromfisheriestominerals.TheEasternProvinceisthehighestcontributortothecountry’spaddyproductionandhasmuchpotentialinagricultureandlucrativeagri-businesses.

Many initiatives have been undertaken to support and enhance economic development of the Province, including the following:–Electricity –PowergenerationplantatTrincomaleeanddistributionand

transmissionnetwork–Roads –Allnationalroads,connectingTrincomalee,Batticaloa,and

Amparatootherprovinces–Transport(Roads,Railways) –EasternRailwayDevelopmentProject,Trincomalee –MedawachchiyaRailwayLine

Development Potential

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-Ports -TrincomaleeandOluvilports-WaterSupplyandSanitation -ThecompletedtwoPhasesofAmparaWaterSupply Scheme,thethirdPhasestartedin2010,BatticaloaWaterSupply Scheme,EasternProvinceWaterSectorDevelopmentProject,MutturWater

SupplyProject,GreaterTrincomaleeWaterSupplyProjectetc.

-RuralInfrastructureDevelopment–GamaNegumaProgramme

Strengthening Social Infrastructure and Fostering Social Services

-Education -EasternUniversityandSouthEasternUniversity-Health -AmaparaDistrictGeneralHospital,Kalmunai AshraffMemorialHospital,AkkaraipattuBaseHospital-Culture -SwamiVipulanandaInstituteforAestheticStudies

Oluvil Port will be completed by March 2011.

n ProposedOceanCityDevelopment-Seekingpotentialinvestorsforthedevelopmentofindustrialandtourismzoneusing10,565accessoflandaroundtheTrincomaleeharbour.

n ProposedTrincomaleeCoapPowerProjectwillgenerateacapacityof500MW

n During2011-2015,augmentationofgridsubstationsatHabaranaandTrincomaleeandtransmissionlinebetweenTrincomalee-Veyangoda,Ampara-RantambeandHabarana-Valachchenaiprojectswillbecompleted.

Access to electricity coverage in the province will be increased from 70% to 100% in 2015

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Road Development

EasternProvincehasaroadnetworkof10,207km,whichincludes857kmofnationalroads,1,100kmofprovincialroadsand8,250kmofruralroads.During2005-2009period,368kmofnationalroadsand362kmofprovincialroadshavebeenrehabilitated.

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Road Development Programme in the Eastern Province

Name of the Road Length of Road Section in the District (km)

Total Project Length (km)

Completed Road Improvement

Ampara

Peradeniya-Badulla-Chenkaladi(PBC)/Road 20.90 20.90

Colombo-Ratnapura-Wellawaya-BatticaloaRoad 75.30 86.00

Sammanthura-Malkampitty-DeegawapiRoad 9.00 9.00

Panama-KumbukkanaRoad 14.00 14.00

Akkaraipattu-VaripathanchenaiRoad 18.00 18.00

Karaitivu-AmparaRoad&Ampara-SiyambalanduwaRoad 54.00 54.00

Potuvil-PanamaRoad 17.80 17.80

Akkaraipattu-SagamamRoad 18.20 18.20

Batticaloa

Maradankadawela-Habarana-TirikkondiadimaduRoadJayanthipura-Thirukkondaidimadu)

21.15 68.86

Ampilanthurai-VeeramunaiRoad 14.88 14.88

Trincomalee

Bogahawewa-PulmuddaiRoad 15.58 15.58

Tincomalee-PulmuddaiRoad 55.33 55.33

OngoingRoadDevelopment

Ampara

Akkaraipattu-WarapathanchenaiRoad 18.31 18.31

Pottuvil-PanamRoad 17.60 17.60

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Colombo-Ratnapura-Wellawaya–Batticaloa/(CRWB)Road 29.60 29.60

Batticaloa

Colombo-Ratnapura-Wellawaya–Batticaloa/(CRWB)Road 34.40 34.40

Batticaloa-Tirikkondiadimadu–Trincomalee(BTT)Road 78.02 78.02

Trincomalee

Seruwavila-SomawathiyaRoad(7.15km) 7.15 7.15

Batticaloa-TrincomaleeRoad,includingKyankerni,Verugal,Ralkuli,Gangai,UpparuBridges

98.08 98.08

Allai-KanthaleRoad 41.36 41.36

PlannedRoadDevelopment

Ampara

Ampara-Uhana-MahaoyaRoad 57.83 57.83

Mahiyangana-Dimbulagala-DalukkaneRoad 25.83 25.83

AmparaTownRoad 30.57 30.57

Peradeniya-Badulla-ChenkaladyRoad 39.95 39.95

Batticaloa

Peradeniya-Badulla-ChenkaladyRoad(242.44km-Chenkalady) 33.20 33.20

Trincomalee

Ambepussa-Kurunegala-TrincomaleeRoad(KantaletoTrincomalee) 43.00 43.00

OuterCircularHighway-Trincomalee 67.00 67.00

Puttalam-TrincomaleeRoad(NCP/EastPBtoTrincomalee) 36.90 36.90

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Bridges - Toincreasethemobility,manyferriesintheEasternCoastalBelthavebeenrepalcedwithnewbridgesandnarrowbridgeshavebeenreconstructed.

KinniyaBridge

KoddaikallaruBridge IrakkandyBridge KomariBridge

ArugamBayBridge

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Toirrigateanincreasedextentofland,18mediumsizetanksand17minortankstoberehabilitatedby2015.

Irrigation and Water Supply

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Water Supply

Real Economy

Through these schemes,Pipe borne water coverageoftheentireprovincewillbeincreased from 25 percentto60percentby2015

Naturalresourcessuchasagriculturalland,forests,waterbodies,wetlands,lagoons,baysandattractivebeacheshavethepotentialtodiversifyeconomicactivities,toincreasetheunitvalueofitsproductsandtoachievehighgrowthoftheProvincialeconomy.

Ofthetotalrequirementofcountry'spaddyproduction,20%comesfromEasternProvince.

Cultivatedpaddylandhasbeenextendedfrom52%to92%,by97,200ha.

During2006-2010,paddyproductionhasincreasedfrom704,000Mtto1,146,000Mt.

Longbeautifulbeachesi.e.Nilaveli,Passikudah,Kuchchaveli&ArugamBayaredeclaredasecotourismsites.

TourismDevelopmentProject-Itistargetedtoincreasedirectjobsbyaround15,000andindirectjobsbyaround25,000intheregionthroughthedevelopmentofexclusivetouristresortswith10,000hotelrooms.

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20% of fish production comes from Eastern Province.

During 2007-2009, fish production has increased from 35,000 Mt to 67,500 Mt.

Number of families engaged in fishing has been increased

Eastern Province which has 30% of livestock population of the country contributes 17% of milk production.

During 2006 - 2009, milk production has been increased from 6.9 mn litres/day to 18.4 mn litres/day

Two industrial estates have been completed at Navagampura and Lakshauyana

Proposed industrial estates at Trincomalee & Batticaloa will provide 4,280 direct jobs

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Rural development Projects

Nagenehira NavodayaGama Neguma Programme, 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress- 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. Mn)

No of

Projects Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. Mn)

Output (KM/Units/

Projects)

No. of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 2,960 2,070 2,880 2,861,547 435 438 583 1,456

Electricity 142 51 141 23,366 62 63 83 208

WaterSupply&

Sanitation

150 57 150 40,493 124 125 167 416

SmallIrrigation 118 83 115 40,756 186 188 250 624

Common

Buildings

36 12 36 43,095 62 63 83 208

Livelihood 2,804 325 1,754 52,043 248 250 333 832

Social

Development

884 254 791 325,421 124 125 167 416

Total 7,094 2,852 5,867 3,386,721 1,242 1,252 1,667 4,161

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2005 2009 2016

ProvincialGDPRs.bn 99 281 787

ProvincialPerCapitaGDPRs.000’ 64 183 477

PovertyHeadcountIndex 10.8 5.0 2.0

InfantMortalityper1000livebirths 11.3 10.7 5.9

MaternalMortalityRatioper1000livebirths 0.6 0.53 0.38

AccesstoSafeWater% N/A 89.1 94.0

AccesstoElectricity% 52.3 70.6 100.0

Unemployment N/A 7.7 3.1

Performance

Tourism

Tourism

Fisheries

Fisheries

Mineral

Mineral

Paddy

Paddy

Industries

SME

SME

Industries

2010 2016

Ea ster n Province E conomy

Western

Southern

Sabarag

amuwa

Uva

Central

North

Western

North

Central

Eastern

Northern

E merg ing Ec onomy of the E aster n P rov inceT he D iv er sity and G r owth

Provincial Sh ares of G DP 2016

Emerging Economy of the Eastern Province

The Diversity and Growth

Provincial Shares of GDP – 2016Eastern Province Economy

Sabaragamuwa

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TheWayambaProvince,beingthesecondhighestprovincialeconomyinSriLankaisoneofthemajoremergingbusinessincubators.ProvincialGDPatRs.495billion,placestheprovincewithapercapitaincomeofUS$1,885.Thisprovincialeconomymainlyconsistsofcoconutplantations,paddy,fisheries,tourism,andwildliferelatedactivities,wellestablishedSMEs,bankingandtrading,townships,schools,healthfacilitiesandarcheologicalcities.

ThewelldiversifiedresourcebaseintheprovinceprovidesauniqueopportunitytodoubleitsprovincialGDPby2016.Thekeynationalandprovincialleveldevelopmentinitiatives,implementedunderWayambaPubuduwaareasfollows.

- ExpansionofnationalandprovincialroadnetworkandrailwaytoproperlyestablishinterandintraprovincialconnectivityandmakeeasyeconomicintegrationwiththerestofneighbouringtownshipsintheWestern,Northern,NorthCentral,CentralandSabaragamuwaProvinces.

- Restorationofalllargeandsmallirrigationfacilities- DiversionofDeduruOyatoexpandareasunderirrigatedwater- DevelopNorochcholaiarea–Thehomeforthenationalcoalpowergenerationproject,andanewtownshiparea

expandingasawindmillpowergenerationzone- Expandprovincialpowerdistributionandtransmissionsystemtoprovidequalitysuppliesofelectricitytoreach

electricityforallby2012- Developqualitydrinkingwaterfacilitiesandwastedisposalsystemsinallmajortownships.- ImplementcoastconservationstrategiesinthecoastalbeltoftheProvince.- DevelopKalpitiyatownshipwith4,000hatouristresortandsurroundingtouristresourcesintheseaandwildlife

intheWilpattuNationalPark.- Restoreallarcheologicalandhistoricalcitiesandsecuringtownships.- DeveloptheCoconutTriangleasapartofthenationaldrivetoincreasecoconutplantationandassociated

industrialactivities.- Restorethestoragefacilitiesforpaddy,fruitsandvegetablesandfishproductionandassociatedindustrieswith

specialemphasistosupporttheexpansionoflargeandSMEricemillingindustry.- Developspecialprogrammestopromotehuman-elephantco-existence.- Developruralschoolsandhospitalstoensurevillagesareempoweredwiththeaccesstoeducationandhealth.- ExpandGamaNeguma–thenationalruralempowermentinitiative,tosupplementdevelopmentprogrammeof

theProvincialandLocalAuthorities.- Exploitfullpotentialofindustrialzones,agriculture,researchandseedfarmsandlivestockactivities.- PromoteSMEandruralagrobasedindustries.- Empowerlowincomefacilitieswithspeciallivelihoodactivities,strongbackyard/homeeconomynetwork

development.- DevelopsportsandrecreationfacilitiesintheProvince.- PromotetheProvinceasaknowledgesupplierthroughskillseducationestablishmentsandWayambaUniversity

tomeettheemergingdemand.

Wayamba Pubuduwa

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Area :7,888sq.km.Population :2,320,000No.ofDSDivisions ;46No.ofPredeshiyaSabhaDivisions ;28No.ofGNDivisions :2.158No.ofVillages :5,682No.ofMunicipalCouncils :1No.ofUrbanCouncils :3

Puttlam District

Kurunegala District

Development Priorities

Infrastructure;

Developmentoftheintra-regionalinfrastructurei.e.roads,electricitydistributionandtransmission,andrailways

Improveirrigationnetworkanditseffectiveness

Upgradeaccessibilitytoservicesoftransport,telecommunications,andwatersupply

Economy;

Improveproductionandproductivityofagriculturalcrops

Agriculturalandindustrialentrepreneurshipdevelopment

Intensiveleveloflivestockdevelopment

Developallpotentialtouristattractionsandrelatedinfrastructure

Developfisheryharboursandmarketfacilities

Human Resources Development

Developandupgradehealthandeducationinfrastructure

Improvehealthandeducationservices

Promotevocationaltraininganduniversityeducation

Developsportsandrelatedinfrastructuretomeettheinternationalstandards

Rural Economy

Promotehandicraftandhandloomindustries

Promoteruralhomegardensandbackyardindustry

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National Projects

Puttalam-Anuradhapura38kmRoad

Padeniya-Anuradhapura55kmRoad

Puttalam-Kurunegala-KatugastotaRoad

Puttlam–ColomboRoad

Ambepussa-Kurunegala-TrincomaleeProposed62kmRoad

Roads; During2005-2009outoftotal1,315kmofnationalroads,145kmofroadsand20bridgeshavebeenrehabilitated.Also,217kmofprovincialroadsand16bridgeswerecompleted.

During2010-2013period,another156kmofnationalroadsaretobeimproved.

772kmnationalroadsand800kmofprovincialroadswillbedevelopedby2020.

ConstructionofPuttalam–MarichikadeRoad,Palavi-KalpitiyaRoad,Madampe-ThoppuRoadandDeduruoya,KochchikadeandKadigawaBridgesaretocommence.

Puttalam-Padeniya62kmRoad

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AstheproposedColombo-Kandyexpressway,andtheAmbepussa-DambullaroadpassthroughtheNorthWesternProvince,thepropertyvalueintheareawillbeincreasedwhileandenhancingtheindustrialopportunitiesandprovincialhubstatus.

Construction Road MapNational Roads Development in Wayamba Province

Length of Road

Section in the

District (km)

Total Project

Length (km)

Ongoing

Kurunegala

ImprovementstoMahoHospitalJunctiontoMakaduwawaThumbullegamaRoad(0-11km) 11 11

ImprovementstoGaltanwewaJunctiontoThalapathwewa-Karambe-YapahuwaJunction

Road(0-14.6km)

14.6 14.6

ImprovementstoNikaweratiya-Moragollagama-SiyambalangamuwaRoad 10 48.51

Chilaw-WariyapolaRoad(29-40km) 11 11

Ambanpola-Elabodagama-Divulwawa-RanoruwaRoad 10 10

Pannala-KuliyapitiyaRoad 5 16.25

Anuradhapura-PadeniyaRoadfromPBkm(NCP/NWP)toPadeniya 54.57 54.57

Puttalam

Puttalam-MarichchikadeRoad 1.5 1.5

Puttalam-NochchiyagamaRoad 37.01 53

Committed

Kurunegala

WideningofstructuresonIbbagamuwa-Kumbukgete–MadagallaRoad(24-34.7km) 10.7 10.7

Constructionofbaseandsurfacingfrom24to34.7kmonIbbagamuwa-Kumbukgete-MadagallaRoad 10.7 10.7

ImprovementstoNikaweratiya-Moragollagama-Siyambalanduwa(28-48.7km) 20.7 20.7

ImprovementstoNikaweratiya-Moragollagama-SiyambalangamuwaRoad 17 17

ImprovementstoMallawapitiya-Rambadagalla-KeppetigalaRoad 22 22

ImprovementstoAnamaduwa-Uswewa-GalgamuwaRoad 14.88 14.88

ImprovementstoKadahapola-RambawewaRoad(0-18.91km) 18.91 18.91

ImprovementstoChilaw-WariyapolaRoad(13.27-29km) 15.73 15.73

ImprovementstoMuttettugala-HiripitiyaRoad(0-18.5km) 18.5 18.5

Puttalam

RehabilitationofThoppu-MadampeRoad(0-26.65km) 26.65 26.65

ImprovementstoPalavi-KalpitiyaRoad(14-40.23km) 26.23 26.23

ImprovementstoKaruwalagaswewa-MeeyellawaRoad 5.4 5.4

ImprovementstoAnamaduwa-Uswewa-GalgamuwaRoad 24.14 24.14

ImprovementstoPuttalam-MarichchikaddiRoad 26.5 26.5

ImprovementstoChilaw-WariyapolaRoad(0-13.27km) 13.27 13.27

ImprovementstoBangadeniya-Andigama-AnamaduwaRoad 26.7 26.7

ImprovementstoKiriyankalliya-AndigamaRoad 13.83 13.83

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Electricity

Norochcholai900MWCoalPowerPlant-PhaseIisalmostcompletedandwillbecommissionedin2010

AugmentationofGridSubstationsandTransmissionLinesthroughCleanEnergyandAccessImprovementProject

30MWwindpowerplantatPuttalam

Accesstoelectricityhasbeenincreasedfrom73percentofthetotalpopulationintheProvincein2005to92percentin2010.Thiswillbeincreasedto100percentby2015.

Irrigation & Drinking Water Supply

Rehabilitation of Irrigation Schemes in the Wayamba Province

Name of the Project District Current Status Extent Benefited

(ha.)

No. of Farmer

Families

DeduruOyareservoir(1.5

MWHydroPower)

Kurunegala,Puttalam Ongoing 11,000 6500

MedagamaGonagamawewa Kurunegala " 57 200

Magallawewa Kurunegala " 2632 2500

Hulugallawewa Kurunegala " 121 100

Palukadawalawewa Kurunegala " 956 925

Attaragallawewa Kurunegala " 462 450

Abakolawewa Kurunegala " 410 400

Mahagalgamuwawewa Kurunegala " 193 386

Mahananneriyawewa Kurunegala " 158 300

Meddaketiyawewa Kurunegala " 98 175

Moragodawewa Kurunegala " 194 350

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Irrigation & Drinking Water Supply

DeduruOyaProject-Irrigableextent-3,715ha.ofpaddyland,newcultivableextentis400ha.,croppingintensityincreasedto2.0from1.25andcansupplydrinkingwatertoabout50,000peopleandgenerate1.5MWhydropower

WariPubuduwa-Rehabilitationofminorandmediumirrigationschemes,incomegenerationandmicrocreditprogrammetobenefit25,000farmerfamilies.

Drinking Water Supply; Through31pipebornewatersupplyschemes,887,734m3ofwaterisproducedpermonthtoserve36,344householdsandotherconnections

The existing 8% coverage will be increased to 75%of population on completion of the following megaprojects by 2020.

Greater Kurunegala Water Supply Projects I & II; Theproposedprojectsaretoaddresstheseveredrinkingwaterissueinthecityandsuburbs.Thiswillbenefitabout70,000householdsintheKurunegaladistrict.

Puttalam & Chilaw Water Supply Project;Constructionactivitiesofalargescaledrinkingwatersupplyprojectwillbecompletedin2014inChilawandPuttalamdistricts.Targetserviceareacovers38GramaNiladariDivisionsinPuttalamand20GramaNiladariDivisionsinChilaw.Therewillbewaterservinghouseholdsofaround16,000inthetownshipsofChilawand37,991inPuttalamby2020.Twotreatmentplants,waterreservoirsandpumpingstationsand227kmdistributionnetworkwillbeconstructed.

1

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Flagship Projects

Tourism Industry- Kalpitiya

Integrated Tourism

Development Project -Provide15,000directjobs-Exclusivetourismresortswith5,000hotelrooms.

FisheriesIndustry/PrawnFarming-Country’sexport-orientedcommercialprawnfarmingindustryisconcentratedinthecoastalareasofthePuttalamdistrict.

RehabilitationofFisheryHarbour-Chilaw

MadampeIndustrialEstate WayambaisthelandforMawathagamaandPolgahawelaExportProcessingZonesandforseveralotherindustrialestatessuchasDambadeniya,MakanduraWest,MakaduraEast,Pannala,Lunuwila,Heraliyawela,Dangaspitiya,Dankotuwa

Improvement of Hamilton Canal for Prawn Farming

Puttalam 7,500 Housing Scheme

TomakeKurunegalaTeachingHospitalfullyequippedwithmodernequipment

Rural Development Projects

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Maga Neguma

Rural Water Supply

Rural Electrification

Wayamba PubuduwaGama Neguma Programme, 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress- 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. Mn)

No of

Projects Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. Mn)

Output (KM/Units/

Projects)

No. of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 7,536 2,108 5,825 1,102,752 719 950 1016 2685

Electricity 1,654 633 1,501 35,069 103 103 145 351

WaterSupply&

Sanitation

475 152 390 115,867 206 206 290 702

SmallIrrigation 603 212 553 102,907 308 310 435 1053

Common

Buildings

619 201 619 220,504 103 103 145 351

Livelihood 7,212 172 7,195 16,288 411 413 580 1,1404

Social

Development

1,442 108 1,434 76,081 206 206 290 702

Total 19,541 3,586 17,517 1,669,468 2056 2292 3,2902 7250

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2005 2009 2016

ProvincialGDPRs.bn. 186 495 1,237

ProvincialPerCapitaGDPRs.’000 83 213 497

PovertyHeadcountIndex 14.6 7.0 3.0

InfantMortalityper1000livebirths 11.5 8.7 5.9

MaternalMortalityRatioper1000livebirths 0.56 0.42 0.25

AccesstoSafeWater% 85.0 86.2 95.0

AccesstoElectricity% 73.0 92.0 100.0

UnemploymentRate 5.9 5.4 3.0

Performance

Paddy

Paddy

Coconut

Coconut

Livestock

Livestock

Forestry

Forestry

Fisheries

Fisheries

Services

Services

Tourism

Tourism

SMEs

SMEs

Food

Processing

Food

Processing

2010 2016

Nor th We stern Province Eco nomy

Western

Southern

Sabarag

amuwa

Uva

Central

North

Western

North

Central

Eastern

Northern

E merg ing Ec onomy of the N or th W ester n P r ovinceT he D iv er sity and G r owth

Provincial Sh ares of G DP2016

Emerging Economy of the North Western Province

The Diversity and Growth

Provincial Shares of GDP – 2016North Western Province Economy

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Area :5,544sqkmPopulation :2.47millionNo.ofDSDivisions :47No.ofGNDivisions :2,122No.ofVillages :5,216No.ofMunicipalCouncils :2No.ofUrbanCouncils :5No.ofPradeshiyaSabhas :42

Ruhunu Udawa

Development Initiatives

Infrastructure Development InvestmentinPortsandInternationalAirporttobenefitfromthestrategiclocationoftheprovinceincloseproximitytotheinternationalshippingroutes.

ConstructexpresswaytoconnectColombotoMagam-Ruhunupura.

Improvementofruralinfrastructureandaccessibilitytotheemergingtouristtownshipsinallthreedistricts.

EconomyDevelopfisheryharboursandanchoragestocatertotherequiredinfrastructureforfisheriesindustry

DeveloplivestockandinlandfisheryusingtheopportunitiesintheSouth

Promoteexportorientedagriculturalproduction,basedonsmallholderexportagriculture

Promotetourism,leisureactivitiesandwildlifeusingwildlifeparksandcoastalresources

Promoteexportorientedhandicraftandcottageindustries

SouthernProvinceeconomyiscomprisedofagriculture(36percent),industries(20percent)andservices(44percent)contributing10.2percenttoGDPwithapercapitaincomeofUS$1990.TheProvinceisendowedwithrichnaturalandhumanresources.Inadditiontotherichlabourforcehaving90percentliteracyrate,theprovincehasahugepotentialtodeveloptourism,fisheryindustriesandagribusinesses.TheemergingMagam-Ruhunupuranewtownshipwillhaveanewseaport,airport,expressways,conventioncenter,internationalstadium,touristresortsandindustrialport,shippingandaviationfacilities.

TheRuhunuUdawaDevelopmentProgrammethatcoversGalle,MataraandHambantotaDistrictshasbeeninitiatedwiththeaimofmeetinggapsintheSouthernregion.

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Human Resources Development DevelopRuhunaUniversityasaleadingUniversityinthecountryinspecializedfacultiessuchasMedicine,EngineeringandManagement

Upgradetechnicalcollegestomeetemergingdemandforskilledworkforce

Developsportsinfrastructurefacilities

DevelopentrepreneurshipskillstopromoteSMEsandselfemploymentopportunitiestoreflectrichnessin theProvince

DeveloptraditionalartandcultureintheProvince

Road Development

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Roads: TheroadnetworkoftheSouthernProvince consistsof1336kmofnationalroads,1643kmofprovincialroadsand8201kmoflocalroads.

Improvementsof395kmofnationalroadsareundergoinganditisproposedtoimprove467kmofnationalroads.

During2005-2009,17ruralbridgeswereconstructedintheprovince.

Construction Road Map

National Roads in the Southern Province

Length of road

Section in the

District (km)

Total Project

Length (km)

Ongoing 2010

Galle

SouthernExpressway 42.3 42.3

RehabilitationofWanduramba-Ethumale-YakkatuwaRoad(0-14km) 14 14

WideningandimprovementstoWandurambe-Ethumale-

YakkatuwaRoad(14.00-36.20km)22.2 22.2

ImprovementstoBentara-Uragaha-ElpitiyaRoad(0.0-13km) 13 13

ImprovementstoBentara-Uragaha-ElpitiyaRoad(13-26.8km) 13.8 13.8

RectificationandDBSTonKosgoda-UragahaRoad(0-6.6km) 6.6 6.6

RectificationandDBSTonDodanduwa-GonapinuwalaRoad(0-3.86km) 3.86 3.86

ImprovementtoGalle-UdugamaRoad(25+000-29+000km) 4 4

ImprovementtoYakkalamulla-KetanwilaRoad(5+000-9+300km) 4.3 4.3

ImprovementtoWanduramba-KottawaRoad(2+000-4.5km&8.0-9.75km) 4.25 4.25

Rectification&DBSTonGalle-Deniyaya-MadampeRoad(35-45) 10 10

AsphaltOvelayofAmbalangoda-Elpitiya-PitigalaRoad(22-25.6km) 3.6 3.6

Rehabilitationofkottawa-BatemullaRoad(0-3km) 3 3

Hambantota

ImprovementtoPelmadulla-Madampe-NonagamaRoad(69.19-87.69km) 18.5 18.5

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WideningnarrowsectiononCGHWRoad(261.21-263) 1.79 1.79

Rehab.ofTangalle-WeeraketiyaRoad(0+000-13+800km) 13.8 13.8

RehabilitationofBeliatta-WalasmullaRoad(0-15.7km) 15.7 15.7

ImprovementstoMiddeniya-PanamureRoadB286(3.5-12.00km) 8.5 8.5

Hambanthota-Gonnoruwa-Meegahajandura(0-32km) 32 32

Andarawewa-Udamattala-Padawkema(0-14) 14 14

Matara

SouthernTransportDevelopmentProject 35.8 35.8

ImprovementstoThihagodaKamburupitiyaKotapolaRoadB415(0-23km) 23 23

ImprovementstoThihagoda-KamburupitiyaMawarala-KotapolaRoad(23-26km) 3 3

ImprovementtoHunnadeniya-Rathmale-WalasgalaRoad(0-13km) 13 13

RectificationandDBSTonDeniyaya-ViharahenaRoad(0.00-8.04km) 8.04 8.04

ImprovementstoPelawatte-Kankotayawatta-Thiniyawala-

MorawakaRoadFrom(36+000km-52+670km)16.67 16.67

ImprovementstoMeddewatta-Kekanadura-YatiyanaRoadFrom

(0+000-14+500km)14.5 14.5

Impts.toMatara-HakmanaRoad(BalanceWork)(14+000-23+000km) 9 9

Impts.toKamburupitiyaKirindaRoad(0-9.2km) 9.2 9.2

ImprovementsofMorawaka-Paragala-DiyadawaRoad(0-6.25km) 6.25 6.25

ImprovementsofMorawaka-Paragala-DiyadawaRoad(6.25-12.5km) 6.25 6.25

Committed

Galle

ImprovementstoAmbalangoda-Elpitiya-PitigalaroadfromElpitiyatoPitigala(16-25) 10.72 10.72

ImprovementstoElpitiya-Avittawa-LewwanduwaRoad(0-9.26) 9.26 9.26

RehabilitationofGalle-BaddegamaRoad(0-18.55km) 18.55 18.55

RehabilitationofGalle-UdugamaRoad(2-35.5km) 33.5 33.5

ImprovementstoHikkaduwaBadegamaNilhene(0-14.88) 14.88 14.88

DBSTHiniduma-Opatha-PitabeddaraRd(0-15) 15 25.79

DBSTHiniduma-Opatha-PitabeddaraRd(15-25.79) 10.79 25.79

RehabilitationofHorawelaPelawattaPitigala(20.85-25.7km) 5 5

ImprovementstoKottawa-BatemullaRoad(0-13km) 13 13

ImprovementstoLabuduwa-Wanduramba-Sandarawala(4-22.12) 18.12 18.12

ImprovementstoNayapamulaUnanwitiyaNagoda(0-12.18km) 12.18 12.18ImprovementstoPelawatta-Kankotayawatta-Thiniyawala-Neluwa-MorawakaRoad

(24.2-36.6)12.4 12.4

ImprovementstoTawalama-Neluwa-BatuwangalaRd(0-9.65) 9.65 9.65

RehabilitationofYakkalamullaKetanwilaRoad(0-5km) 5 5

Hambantota

RehabilitationofBeliatta-KirindaRoad(0-14.5km) 14.5 14.5

ImprovementstoHakmana-Beliaththa-TangalleRoad(11.36-18.83) 7.49 7.49

ImprovementstoNarandeniya-HakmanaRoad 11.95 11.95

Length of road

Section in the

District (km)

Total Project

Length (km)

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ImprovementstoPelmadulla-Embilipitiya-NonagamaRoadfromSuriyawewato

Nonagama18.83 18.83

RehabilitationofMigahawila-SooriyawewaRd(4.5) 4.5 4.5

AccessRoadtoHambanthotaBotanicalGarden 1.2 1.2

InternalRoadsofMeegahajanduraIndustrialZone-Stage1 5 5

ImprovementtoKataragama-Beralihela-LunugamweheraRd 5 15

Andella-Thissa-Kataragama(0-18) 18 18

ImprovementstoKataragama-SellakatharagamaRoad(4-6) 2 2

Hakmana-Beliatta-Thangalle(11+500-19+310) 7.63 7.63

Widening&ImprovementtoSooriyawewa-Meegahajandura-KumaragamaRoad(4.8-

23km)18.2 18.2

Matara

ImprovementstoNarandeniya-HakmanaRoad(0-8Km) 8 8

ImprovementstoAkuressa-KamburupitiyaRoad(0-13.17Km) 13.7 13.7

ImprovementstoMatara-AkuressaRoadfromGodagamatoAkuressa 20.13 20.13

ImprovementstoPelawatta-Kankotayawatta-Thinyawala-MorawakaRoad(24.13-

36km)12 12

ImprovementstoWeligama-KanankeRoad(0-9.8km) 9.8 9.8Widening&ImprovementColombo-Galle-HambantotaWellawayaRd(158.15-

159.88km)1.73 1.73

ImprovementofMatara-HakmanaRd(0-14km) 14 14

ImprovementstoAkuressa-KetanwilaRd(0-7.22)&Yakkalamulla-KetanwilaRoad(1-

2.37)8.59 8.59

ImprovementstoGalle-Deniyaya-MadampeRd(78-86.79km) 8.79 8.79

ImprovementstoBengamuwa-Molokgamuwa-GaldolaRd(0-9.5) 9.5 9.5

ImprovementstoWeligama-ThelijjawilaRoad(3-10.81km) 7.81 10.81

ImprovementstoKatuwana-Rukmalpitiya-Hulankanda-HeegodaRoad(4.8-9) 4.2 4.2

ImprovementstoOpatha-Hiniduma-PitabeddaraRoad(25.22-30.66km) 5.44 5.44

ImprovementstoDickwella-BeliattaRoad(0-4km) 4 4

ImprovementtoDickwella-WewurukannalaRd(0.0-1.87km) 1.87 1.87

ImprovementtoDeniyaya-ViharahenaRd(2.0-7.98km) 5.98 5.98

Length of road

Section in the

District (km)

Total Project

Length (km)

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Name of the Project District

Extent

Benifited

(ha.)

No. of

Farmer

Families

MenikGangaReservoir(Weheragalareservoir) Hambantota,Moneragala 10,000 8,000

LunugamweheraScheme(KOISPTract1)WaterManagement

ProjectHambantota 40 100

KekiriObadaReservoir Hambantota(KiramaOya) 1512 1500

DamSafety&W.R.P.Project(RidiyagamaDam) Hambantota

ProvincialMinorIrrigationSchemes(No.ofschemes1904) Galle,Matara,Hambantota 22,473 51,257

UmaOyaDiversionProject(120MWHydroPower)Badulla,Moneragala,

Hambantota15,000Acs. 12,000

Pre-Feasibility Studies-Gin-NilwalaMasterPlanStudy Galle,Matara,Hambantota

Development of Irrigation Schemes

Irrigation Projects in Southern Province

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Water Supply and Sewerage GreaterGalleAugmentationWaterSupply

Scheme–stageIIwascompleted

RehabilitationandaugmentationofKirindioyaWaterSupplySchemeisbeingimplemented

Akkurassa,Thihagoda,UdugamaPitabaddara,HakmanaandBonvistaKandaandRadampolasmallandmediumwatersupplyschemesarebeingimplemented

Ruhunupurawatersupplyschemewillbeimplemented

Hambantotasewerageinfrastructuredevelopment projectwillbeimplemented

ElectricityTheelectrificationlevelsinGalle,MataraandHambantotaDistrictsare97percent,94percentand88percentrespectively.Itwillcover100percentby2012.

Ongoing Electricity Projects

NewGalleTransmissionDevelopmentProject

LighteningSriLankaSouthernProvince

BeliatteGridSub-StationDevelopmentProject

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Magam-Ruhunupura Port Bybuildingtheworld’slargestinlandseaportinHambantota,SouthernProvincewillcreateanotheruniquelandmarkwiththelargestharbourinthecountry.Providingberthingfacilitiesto44shipsatagiventimeandtohandle20millionTwenty-footEquivalentUnits(TEUs)peryearwith11kmofberths.Underthefirstphase,twobreakwaters,twojettiesandinfrastructurefacilitieshavealreadybeenconstructed.Thewaterwillbefilledupto17mfromtheharbourbedinthefirststage.

Flagship Projects

Botanical Garden in the Dry ZoneHambantotabotanicalgardenisnowbeingdevelopedata300acresiteatMirijjawila.ItissignificantasthefirsteverdryzonebotanicalgardeninSriLankaandalsoexpectedtopromoteecotourismintheregion.

Safari Park - HambantotaWiththeobjectiveofattractingmoreforeigntourists,Safari-ParkatRediyagamaisbeingdeveloped.Thiswillcreatemanyjobopportunitiesfortheresidentsinthearea.

Magam-Ruhunupura International AirportThiswillbeestablishedasanalternativeinternationalairportwiththeaimofcontributingtothedevelopmentofcommerceandtradeindustry,tourismandcommunicationatasignificantlevelintheregion.

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Administration Complex and International Convention Centre AfourstoriedAdministrativeComplexisbeingconstructedtoprovideofficespaceformostoftheCentral,ProvincialandLocalGovernmentinstitutions,whicharepresentlylocatedinprivatebuildingsinascatteredmanneraroundthecity.AnInternationalConventionCentreisalsobeingconstructedwithaseatingcapacityfor1,500.

Yala as a Tourism Promotion Destination GreaterpotentialtobeexploredinpromotingfurthertheYalaWildlifeSanctuarytoattractmoreforeignandlocaltourists.Relatedinfrastructurehastobeinplace.

Kataragama Sacred Area Development Tobedevelopedasafull-fledgedtouristattractionwithaccommodationfacilitiesandhotels,marketplaces,seweragesystems,watersupplyandotherinfrastructure.

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Rural Development Projects

Ruhunu UdawaGama Neguma Programme, 2006 - 2013

Investment

Area

Progress-2006-2010 PlannedInvestment(Rs.mn)

Noof

Projects

Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs.mn)

Output

(km/Units/

Projects

No.Of

Beneficiaries2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 9,785 4,963 14,123 2,199,875 686 750 959 2,395

Electricity 423 107 171 18,370 98 98 137 334

WaterSupply&

Sanitation278 75 162 49,885 196 197 274 667

SmallIrrigation 1,007 349 725 161,911 294 295 411 1,001Common

Buildings231 201 186 96,449 98 98 137 334

Livelihood 318 70 256 133,609 392 394 548 1,334Social

Development1,133 134 573 151,848 196 197 274 667

Total 13,175 5,899 16,196 2,811,947 1959 2030 2741 6731

MagaNeguma

MinorIrrigation

RuralElectrification

rural

Water Supply

1,442kmofruralroadshavebeenupgradedand610kmofprovincialroadsarebeingupgraded

24ruralschemeshavebeencompletedprovidingaccesstodrinkingwatersupplyto4,905households

22,473ha.extentofagriculturallandscanbeirrigatedthroughrehabilitationof1,904schemesintheProvincebenefiting51,257families

LightingSriLankaprojectwillbeimplementedin314schemesprovidingelectricityto12,000households

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Emerging Economy of the Southern Province

The Diversity and Growth

Provincial Shares of GDP – 2016

!

;<=> )Southern Province Economy

Performance Year 2005 2009 2016

ProvincialGDP(Rs.bn) 187 492 1,575

ProvincialPercapitaGDPRs.‘000 79 199 594

PovertyHeadcountIndex 13.8 9.0 4.0

InfantMortalityper1000livebirths 9.3 8.6 4.6

Maternalmortalityratio1000livebirths 0.40 0.36 0.22

Accesstosafewater% 80.5 85.0 94.0

AccesstoElectricity% 81.6 95.6 100.0

Unemployment 9.4 9.4 4.3

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Ran ArunaRanArunaprovincialinterfacingdevelopmentinitiativetargetsessentiallythreedistrictsintheWesternProvince.AlthoughtheWesternProvinceaccountsforalmost50percentofNationalGrossDomesticsProduct(GDP)ofalmostUS$50billionandthesharehasmoderatelydeclinedinrecentyearsduetoemergenceofeconomicactivitiesinotherprovinces.ThedevelopmentinWesternProvinceisstillmetropolitanbiased.Thereforenational,provincialandlocalauthorityeffortsarenecessarytoexpandthedevelopmentofmetropolitaninWesternProvincetoKalutaraandGampahadistrictsaswell.RanArunaistheregionaldevelopmentinterfacingtoolunderMahindaChintanatoaddressemerginggapanddeveloplagginglocationsintheWesternProvince.

Area :3,684sq.km.Population :5,758,000No.ofDSDivisions :40No.ofPredeshiyaSabhaDivisions :28No.ofGNDivisions :2,497No.ofMunicipalCouncils :6No.ofUrbanCouncils :14No.ofVillages :5,371

Gampaha District

Colombo District

Kalutara District

TheProvinceisgearedtoarapidtransformationwithseverallargescaledevelopmentinitiativesalreadyinprogress.SomemajorinitiativesarenecessaryforRanArunatoattendresettlementissues,empowermentofUrbanandrurallowincomepeople,urbansanitation,environmentsetc.areasfollows:

DevelopmentofAirportExpressway,outerCircularhighwayandSouthernexpresswayandassociatedtownshipdevelopmentsinPeliyagoda,Kadawatha,KaduwelaandKottawa.

DevelopmentofnewPortCityandredevelopmentofColombocity.

RelocationoffruitsandvegetablemarketandrelateddevelopmentinKerawalapitiya.

Beiralakecanaldevelopmentinitiative.

UrbanhousingdevelopmentforshantydwellersandpaymenthawkersintheWesternProvince.

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TransformationofExportProcessingZonesinKatunayake,Biyagama,Wathupitiwala,Malwatta,Horanaintoenvironmentalfriendlytownships.

Modernazationofroadnetworkwithsixlane,fourlane,doublelaneandsinglelaneroadnetworkwithflyoverbridges,bypassesetc.

Developmentofurbanforestry.

UrbanwatersupplyprojectsinmajortownshipsinNegombo,Gampaha,Nittambuwa,Horana,Bandaragama,Panadura,KalutaraandBeruwala.

TheProvincewhichisblessedwithfourNationalUniversitiesandseveralothervocationaltrainingschoolsfrombothprivateandpublicsectorhasreceivedattentiontodevelopseveralknowledgebasedeconomicactivities.

Development Scenario

Strategizingthevision–WesternProvincetobetheCommercialHubinSouthAsia

DevelopWorld-classinfrastructure:ExpansionofColomboPort,modernizationofKatunayakeinternationalAirportandRatmalanadomesticairport,constructionofexpresswayslinkingtheregionalgrowthcentersandconstructionofflyovers,metro,massrapidtransport(MRT)systemstoeasetrafficcongestion.

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Efficientelectricitynetwork,regularwatersupply,postalservicewithonedaydoordelivery,communicationfacilitieswithvarietyofchoicesarecentralfacilitiesofurbandevelopmentstrategyoftheWesternProvince.

Colombo Port Development

Colombo-Katunayake Expressway

Bentota Bridge

Outer Circular Highway

Beira Lake Development

Kelaniya Flyover

Nugegoda Flyover

50,000 slum dwellers rehoused

Airport Modernization

Business Square

Canal Development

Maintainasustainablecity;modernizationofColombometropolitancitywithappropriatezoningthatmakesthecityfunctionasanefficientbusinesscentre,maintainedwaterwayswithrecreationalfacilitiesanddevelopasanenvironmentallyfriendlycityinAsia.

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Augmented water supplies and sewerage facilities developed; Pre-requisite to attract

business and for healthy living

Water Supply – Gampaha District

AugementationofNegomboWaterSupply–benefiting30,000households

WaterTreatmentFacilitiesMoratuwa/Panadura,AmbataleandinNegombo–benefiting3,000households

KirindiwelaWaterSupply–benefiting1,700households

Nittambuwa/VeyangodaWaterSupply–for3,000households

Water Supply – Kalutara District

KalutaraIntegratedWaterSupply-StageII-benefiting30,000householdsinPayagala,Beruwala,Maggona,Aluthgama&DhargaTown

WaterTreatmentFacilitiesMoratuwa/Panadura,AmbataleandinNegombo-benefiting2,000households

KalugangaWaterSupplyProject-Gonapola,KoralaimaKumbuka,Panadura-East

Water Supply – Colombo District

TownsNorthofColomboWaterSupply-StageIItocover50,000households

GreaterColomboWaterRehabilitationbenefitting22,000households

KaluGangaWaterSupplyProjectPhaseI-StageII

40milliongallons/daywatertreatmentplantatKelaniRightBank

Rehabilitation&AugmentationofLabugama-KalatuwawaWaterTreatmentPlant

Sewerage

WastewaterDisposalSystemforRatmalana/Moratuwa&Ja-Ela/EkalaAreas–21,000households&industries

GreaterColomboWastewaterRehabilitation–tobenefit100,000householdsandcommercialentities

Gampaha District

Colombo District

Kalutara District

Tomeetthetrafficdemandofaregionwithamiddleincome,theroadnetworkhastobeimproved&widenedandtheinterchangesneedtobedevelopedforhighleveltrafficmanagement.Awelldesignedroadnetworkdevelopmentisthereforeimplemented.

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Lenth

ofRoad

Sectionin

thedistrict

(Km)

Total

Project

Length

(Km)

Ongoing

Colombo

ImprovementofColomboRatnapuraWellawayaBatticaloaroadfromVilasithanivasaNugegoda

(St.JoshepcollageJunction)toKottawaJunction

13.62 13.62

WidenningandImprovementRatmala-MirihanaroadfromPepiliyanaJntoMirihanaJn 7.84 7.84

ACoverlayingofOrugodawatta-Ambatale(0-2km)(6-7.69km) 3.69 3.69

SouthernTransportDevelopmentProject 8.5 8.5

Gampaha

Colombo-KatunayakeExpressway 24 24

Widening&ImprovementstoColomboKandyRoadfromKadawathaNittambuwa 23 23

RehabilitationJaela-Ekala-Gampaha-YakkalaRoad 9.8 9.9

RehabilitationKochchikade-HalpeRoad0.00-9.46 9.46 9.46

RehabilitationofMinuwangoda-Gampaha-MiriswattaRoad13.00km 13 13

WideningandimprovementofThudella-Pamunugama-Thalahena-NegomboRoad 14.7 14.7

Udugampola-DivulapitiyaACOverlay 14.8 14.8

RehabilitationWattala-HekiththaRoad(0.00-1.56) 1.56 1.56

Kalutara

SouthernTransportDevelopmentProject 44.5 44.5

Horana-Anguruwatota-AluthgamaroadfromHoranatoLewwanduwa 40.83 40.83

ACoverlayonKirimetiya-Yalaroad(0.0-17.07) 17.07 17.07

Nagoda-Kalawellawa-BellapitiyaRoad(0-56.36km) 33.5 33.5

Committed

Colombo

AsphaltOverlayingonColombo-Galle-Hambantota-Wellawaya 10.22 10.22

WideningofColombo-Ratnapura-Wellawaya-BatticaloaroadfromVilasithaNiwasatoGodagama 61 61

WideningofColombo-HanwellaLowLevelRoadfromAbathaletoHanwella 18.2 18.2

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Gampaha

WideningofPeliyagoda-PuttalamroadfromWelihenatoPB(West/NWP) 8 8

WideningofJa-Ela-Ekala-Gampaha-YakkalaRoadfromEkalatoGampaha 13.3 13.3

Pasyala-GiriullaRoadfromMirigamatoPB(West/NWP)(9.00-19.26km) 15 15

WideningofEkala-KotadeniyawaRoad 27.4 27.4

Hanwella-Pugoda-Weke-Urapolaroad 24.36 24.36

ImprovementtoHanwella-Pugoda-Weke-UrapolaRoad(5-20.0km) 24 24

RehabilitationofKaleliya-Pallewela-Madagampitiya 10.22 10.22

WideningofKatunayake-VeyangodaRoad 22 22

WideningofKelaniya-MudungodaRoadfromBandarawaththaJntoMudungoda(13-29) 16.3 16.3

Kelaniya-MudungodaroadfromKelaniyatoBandarawatta 12.33 12.33

Kalutara

WideningofColombo-Galle-Hambanthota-WellawayaroadfromMoratuwatoKatukurunda(19.72-45) 25.28 25.28

WideningofPanadura-Nambapana-RatnapuraRoadfromPokunuwitatoIngiriya 17 17

WalanaBridgeapproachRoad

A/coverlayandedgecorrectiononIHEroad 8.95 8.95

WideningofColombo-HoranaRoadfromVilasithaNiwasatoPokunuwita(DBWest/Kaluto

Pokunuwita)(30-36.68)

6.68 28.5

Widening&ImprovementofEALroad(9.26-27.56) 17.95 17.95

Galagedera-HoranaRoad(4.83-19.05) 14.22 18.63

Horawela-Pelawatte-PitigalaRoad(0.00-20.92km) 20.92 20.92

ImprovementsofKalutaraNagoda(0-5.74) 5.74 5.74

Kesbewa-Kindelpitiya-BandaragamaRoad(4.6-12.12km) 7.52 7.52

Lenth

ofRoad

Sectionin

thedistrict

(Km)

Total

Project

Length

(Km)

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DevelopallsatellitecitiessuchasDehiwala,Maharagama,Nugegoda,Boralle,Mt.Lavinia,Kadawatha,Ja-ela,Biyagama,Kelaniya,Kiribathgoda,MoratuwaandPanaduraoutsideColomboequallytoreducethepressuretowardsColombocity.

A complete change in the landscape of the City of Colombo

Existing Plan Future Plan

Thecityof450acresbuiltadjacenttothenewPort

Port Ciry

Development

Commercial

Residential

Seafront

Portrelatedactivities

Plannedprojects

PrimaryResidential

MixedResidential

Commercial

Publicland

Industrial

Strengthen the economic potential in the Western Province that accounts for nearly half of the country’s GDP.

The45percentshareofcontributiontoGDPfromWesternProvincelargely(65percent)consistsoftheservicessectori.eeconomicactivitiesthatrelatetoport,airports,banking&financialinstitutionsandbusinessactivities.

ThiseconomicstrengthtobespreadtotheothertwodistrictsoftheProvince,positioningtheentireProvinceasagrowthmodel.

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Develop interior regions outside Colombo – Gampaha - Kalutara District capitals

- Qualityimprovementofeducation-Developeducationalfacilitiestoimproveperformanceofstudentsinlaggingareasinallthreedistricts.

- Standardizethequalityofhealthservicesinhospitalsofdifferentlevelsandupgradetheregionalhospitals

Western Province Economy–AlthoughtheWesternProvinceplaysacatalyticroleintermsofnationaldevelopment,ithasitsownlocaleconomythatneedstosustainthefollowingtargets;

- Accommodatethemajorityoftourists;inthecoastalbeltspreadingfromNegombotoBeruwala.

- Createsmall&mediumentrepreneursinfisheries,wetzoneagriculture,livestock,fruitsandvegetable

industryinGampahaandKalutaradistricts.

- Internationaltraderelatedinfrastructureandlogisticsfacilities.

- Homegardensandbackyardeconomy.

- Selfemploymentandurbanbusinessactivities.

- Privatesectorinvestmentsfacilitationactivities.

- Urbanrecreationandsanitation.

Strengthening Rubber and Tea Plantations in Kalutara District

Create a Tropical Fruits Garden;PromoteMangus,Durian,Guava,Rambutan,Pineapple,Bananafruits

cultivationaseconomiccropsinGampahaandKalutaradistricts.

Develop Maradagahamula as an urban rice processing center with modernized milling capacity and

storage facility.

Develop sports economy

A modern stadium at Homagama MahindaRajapaksaInternationalStadiuminDiyagama,Homagama,willfacilitatethesportsofrugby,soccer,aswellasathleticsincludingtrackandfield.Thegroundwillcompriseofaswimmingpool,arifleshootingrangeandagymnasium.

WiththeemergenceofeconomicactivitiesinotherprovincesespeciallyintheSouthern,Eastern,NorthernandNorthWesternprovinces,WesternProvincemayhavetosharesomeoftheeconomicstrengthsconcentratedintheProvinceatpresent.

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Economic Strengths in the Province

Peliyagoda Modern Central Fish Trade Complex – Havethecontrolover30percentofthecountry'stotalfishproduction.

Katunayake, Biyagama, Horana, Meerigama & Wathupitiwala Industrial Zones – withalargenumberofindustrialestablishmentsandjobopportunities

Muthurajawela Marshy Land – DevelopedasaBiodiversityhotspot,fishingpoint,toestablishagarbagerecyclingplantandagaspoweredelectricitygeneratingplant.

Create a Tropical Fruits Garden – PromoteMangus,Durian,Guava,Rambutan,Pineapple,BananafruitscultivationinKalutaraDistrictaseconomiccrops.

Dickovita Fishery Harbour – Protectedbytwobreakwatersandisdesignedfor125ft.fishingvessels.

Beruwala Beach – Createattractivebeaches

Development of Irrigation Schemes

Name of the Project District Current Status Extent Benifitted

(Ha.)

No. of Farmer

families

ConstructionofHekitaMinorFlood

ProtectionScheme

Gampaha Ongoing 500 500

RehabilitationofUrulOya Gampaha Ongoing 350 100

HettigeElaDevelopment Colombo Ongoing 800 500

DamSafety&W.R.P.Project

(KalatuwawaDams)

Colombo Ongoing

ProvincialMinorIrrigationSchemes

(No.ofschemes1216)

Colombo,Gampaha,

Kalutara

Ongoing/

Committed

13,184 47,146

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Western Province Irrigation Schemes

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Rural Projects

Rural Electrification –UnderGamaNeguma,18ruralelectrificationschemeshavebeenimplemented.Another377ruralelectrificationschemesarebeingimplementedprovidingelectricityto15,000households.

Rural Roads – 205kmofprovincialroadshavebeenupgradedwhile1,034kmofruralroadshavebeenupgradedunderMagaNeguma.

Minor Irrigation –Anextentof13,184hawillbebenefitedthroughrehabilitationof1,216minorirrigationschemesinthethreedistrictsbenefiting47,146farmerfamilies.

Rural Water Supply - 19watersupplyschemeshavebeenimplementedintheColomboDistrictprovidingwaterto4,800households.

Ran Aruna Gama Neguma Programme, 2006 - 2013

Investment Area Progress- 2006-2010 Planned Investment (Rs. Mn)

No of

Projects Implemented

Expenditure

(Rs. Mn)

Output (KM/Units/

Projects)

No. of

Beneficiaries

2011 2012 2013 Total

Roads 10,914 3,820 18,566 1,431,354 858 863 1207 2,928

Electricity 143 55 125 14,640 123 123 172 418

WaterSupply&

Sanitation

198 102 114 95,429 245 246 345 837

SmallIrrigation 492 116 375 58,400 368 370 517 1,255

Common

Buildings

135 39 91 12,780 123 123 172

418

Livelihood 76 20 50 3,137 491 493 690 1,673

Social

Development

70 54 64 19,092 245 246 345 837

Total 12,028 4,207 19,385 1,634,832 2,453 2,465 3,448 8,366

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16

Emerging Economy of the Western Province

The Diversity and Growth

Provincial Shares of GDP – 2016Western Province Economy

Year 2005 2009 2016

ProvincialGDP(Rs.bn) 1,065 2,178 3,600

ProvincialPercapitaGDPRs.‘000 191 375 577

PovertyHeadcountIndex 8.2 4.0 1.0

InfantMortalityper1000livebirths 11.2 9.3 3.2

Maternalmortalityratio1000livebirths 0.47 0.34 0.15

Accesstosafewater 91.5 94.4 99.0

AccesstoElectricity 90.0 98.1 100.0

Unemployment 6.6 6.5 2.0

Performance

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PresentedbyMr.P.G.Amarakoon,ChiefSecretary -KandyDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofKandyDistrict- PresentedbyMr.S.M.G.Jayaratne,DistrictSecretary -MataleDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofMataleDistrict- PresentedbyMr.H.M.GaminiSeneviratne,DistrictSecretary -NuwaraEliyaDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofNuwaraEliyaDistrict- PresentedbyMr.D.P.G.Kumarasiri,DistrictSecretary

■ProgressReviewofSabaragamuwaProvince(heldinRatnapuraon31stAugust2010) -SabaragamuwaProvincialCouncil,ProgressReview- PresentedbyMr.P.Kodituwakku,ChiefSecretary -KegalleDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofKagalleDistrict- PresentedbyMrs.D.M.P.Dissanayake,DistrictSecretary -RatnapuraDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofRatnapuraDistrict- PresentedbyMr.H.W.Gunadasa,DistrictSecretary

■ProgressReviewofUvaProvince(heldinBadullaon3rdSeptember2010) -UvaProvincialCouncil,‘PubudamuWellassa-ApiHadamuNawaUvaWellassak’- PresentedbyMr.P.B.Amarasekara,ChiefSecretary -UvaProvincialCouncil,‘UvaSanwardanayaNawaArunalu’- PresentedbytheChiefSecretary -BadullaDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofBadullaDistrict- PresentedbyMr.RohanaK.Dissanayake,DistrictSecretary -MonaragalaDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofMonaragalaDistrict- PresentedbyMr.N.A.U.K.S.Mihindukulasooriya,DistrictSecretary

■ProgressReviewofNorthCentralProvince(heldinPolonnaruwaon2ndOctober2010) -NorthCentralProvincialCouncil,ReportonNorthCentralProvince- PresentedbyMr.A.Thalakotunage,ChiefSecretary -PolonnaruwaDistrictSecretariat,‘PulathisiPurawaraya’, DistrictDevelopmentProgramme(2011-2016)-PresentedbyMr.D.A.S.Nimal,DistrictSecretary -AnuradhapuraDistrictSecretariat,ReportonAnuradhapuraDistrict- PresentedbyMr.H.M.K.Herath,DistrictSecretary -UrbanDevelopmentAuthority(UDA),UDAProvincialOffice, UrbanDevelopmentPlanofMihintale-FiveYearDevelopmentProgramme(2011-2016)

■ProgressReviewoftheEasternProvince(heldinTrincomaleeon4thOctober2010) -‘PibidenaNegenahirataNavodayeArunalu’- PresentedbyMr.V.P.Balasingham,ChiefSecretary -‘NegenahiraNavodaya’(2010) -TrincomaleeDistrictSecretariat,TrincomaleeToday(2010)- PresentedbyMr.T.T.RdeSilva,DistrictSecretary -AmparaDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofAmparaDistrict- PresentedbyMr.SunilKannangara,DistrictSecretary -BatticaloaDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofBatticaloaDistrict- PresentedbyMr.S.Arumainayagam,DistrictSecretary

■ProgressReviewoftheWesternProvince(heldinPanaduraon9thOctober2010) -WesternProvincialCouncil,WesternProvince-CommercialHubofSouthAsia- PresentedbyMr.VictorSamaraweera,ChiefSecretary

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■ColomboDistrictSecretariat,ReportonColomboDistrict- PresentedbyMr.G.A.Sylwester,DistrictSecretary -KalutaraDistrictSecretariat,ReportonKalutaraDistrict- PresentedbyMr.S.Hapuarachchi,DistrictSecretary -GampahaDistrictSecretariat,GampahaDistrict-DevelopmentInformation- PresentedbyMr.J.J.Ratnasiri,DistrictSecretary -MinistryofEducation,LocalGovernment,Land,Manpower&EmploymentandPower& EnergyofWesternProvince,DevelopmentProgressduringthePastFiveYears&FuturePlans(2010) -MinistryofRoadDevelopment,LivestockProduction&Development,Housing&Constructionand

TourismofWesternProvince,ProgressReport(2010) -MinistryofAgriculture,AgrarianDevelopment,MinorIrrigation,Industriesand EnvironmentofWesternProvince,ProgressReport(2010) -MinistryofHealth,IndigenousMedicine,SocialWelfare&Women’sAffairs, Probation&ChildCareServicesandCouncilAffairsofWesternProvince,ProgressReview(2010) -MinistryofTransport,Sports&YouthAffairs,Culture&Arts,CooperativesDevelopment, FoodSupply&DistributionandRuralDevelopmentAffairsofWesternProvince,ProgressReview(2010) ■ProgressReviewoftheNorthWesternProvince(heldinMadampeon11thOctober2010) -NorthWesternProvincialCouncil,‘WayambaPubuduwa’- PresentedbyMr.T.G.U.B.Thambugala,ChiefSecretary -KurunegalaDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofKurunegalaDistrict- PresentedbyMrs.A.A.KusumHettige,DistrictSecretary -PuttalamDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofPuttalamDistrict- PresentedbyMr.M.P.K.M.Fernando,DistrictSecretary -IndustrialServicesBureauofNorthWesternProvince, ‘Wayamba-AMyriadofChoicesforNewHeights’(2010)

■ProgressReviewoftheSouthernProvince(heldinWeligamaon15thOctober2010) -SouthernProvincialCouncil,ProgressReview-PresentedbyMr.W.Weerakoon,ChiefSecretary -GalleDistrictSecretariat,Progress2006-2010andFuturePlan, PresentedbyMr.M.C.Dissanayake,DistrictSecretary -HambantotaDistrictSecretariat,‘HambantotaAbhimanaya’- PresentedbyMr.R.M.D.B.Meegasmulla,DistrictSecretary -MataraDistrictSecretariat,ProgressofMataraDistrict- PresentedbyMrs.W.K.K.Athukorala,DistrictSecretary ■ProgressReviewofNorthernProvince(heldinVavuniaon19thOctober2010) -NorthernProvincialCouncil,ProgressReview-NorthernProvince- PresentedbyMr.A.Sivaswami,ChiefSecretary -MullaitivuKachcheri,DevelopmentActivitiesofMullaitivuDistrict- PresentedbyMr.N.Vethanayahan,GovernmentAgent -JaffnaKachcheri,DevelopmentProgrammeofJaffnaDistrict- PresentedbyMrs.EmeldaSukumar,GovernmentAgent -KilinochchiKachcheri,DevelopmentActivitiesofKilinochchiDistrict- PresentedbyMrs.R.Ketheeswaran,GovernmentAgent -VavuniyaKachcheri,DevelopmentActivitiesofVavuniyaDistrict- PresentedbyMrs.P.S.M.Charles,GovernmentAgent -MannarKachcheri,DevelopmentActivitiesofMannarDistrict- PresentedbyMr.A.Nicholaspillai,GovernmentAgent -MinistryofEconomicDevelopment-RegionalDevelopmentDivision,‘UthuruWasanthaya’

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This document is a collective effort of several officials in the Ministry of Finance and Planning. Valuable contributions were made by the team led by Mr. H M Gunasekara, Director General, National Planning Department (NPD), Mr. P Sumanapala and Mr. D G Samarasinghe, Additional Director Generals’, NPD, Mr. R M P Ratnayake, Mr. W A D S Gunasinghe, Mrs. P K A D Silva, Mrs. Sumana Yapa, Mr. K D S R Perera, Mr. S S Mudalige, Mrs. Sepali Rupasinghe, Mr. U G Ratnasiri, Directors, NPD. Mrs. C Wijewardena, Mrs. M Gangadaran, Ms. K G K Wimalaweera, Directors of the National Budget Department and Dr. B M S Batagoda, Director General, Public Enterprises Department also made a significant contribution.

The editorial contributions were made by Mrs. H M N S Gunawardana, Director General, Legal Affairs Department and Mr. Mahinda Siriwardena, Additional Director General, NPD.

The conceptualization, planning, designing and compilation of this publication was done under the overall guidance and supervision of Dr. P B Jayasundera, Secretary, Ministry of Finance and Planning and Secretary to the Treasury.

22nd November, 2010Department of National Planning

MINISTRY OF FINANCE AND PLANNING – SRI LANKAThe Secretariat

Colombo 01Sri Lanka

www.treasury.gov.lk