Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Fatima Itawi
Partnerships for human
security in fragile contexts:
Where community safety
and security sector reform
intersect
Definitions
Community Safety: building the capacity of communities to
map, prioritise and address causes of local insecurity, violence
and crime.
Security Sector Reform (SSR): transformation of the security
sector where various institutions play an effective, legitimate
and democratically accountable role in providing security.
Fragile contexts: lack of legitimacy and
poor ability to deliver service.
‘Top-down’ vs. ‘Bottom –up’
Top-down
Bottom-up
The case of Jenin
Top-down SSR: “Hope and Smile”
Operation “Hope and Smile”
Donor-led initiative
Focus on increasing efficiency of Palestinian
security forces through “train-and-equip”
Results:
Reduction in crime and violence
Arrest of ‘scores of criminals’ but also of
political opponents.
Criticisms of Top-Down SSR
1. Authoritarian rather than democratic
transformation
2. Absence of a shared strategic
objective: lack of legitimacy
3. Lack of locally owned reform
process: disconnection with the
people
Community safety project in Jenin
DCAF and SHAMS:
1. Consultative analysis of local
security needs
2. Establishment of community
safety committees
3. Design of a community
safety plan
4. Monitoring and evaluation
of performance
Partnerships for human security
Conclusions
1. Top-down SSR processes have important shortcomings.
2. Jenin community-based crime prevention case
demonstrates that the bottom-up approach has
important strengths.
3. Partnerships for crime prevention is a crucial success
factor to build legitimacy and improve service
delivery.
Recommendations
• SSR initiatives need to be designed based on an
understanding of local citizens’ security perceptions and needs,
and implemented in partnership with local communities.
• To ensure sustainability, intersections between bottom-up
community safety programs and top-down SSR processes need
to be developed at:
o The individual level.
o The institutional level
o The operational level
A look forward
• To see Jenin the local community safety council:
o Sustainable
o Influential
o Replicable
References for further reading:
• DCAF and FDFA. OSCE Focus: Creating a Security Community to the Benefit of Everyone. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2014, available: http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/OSCE-Focus-Creating-a-Security-Community-to-the-Benefit-of-Everyone
• DCAF and SHAMS. Challenges to Community Safety and the Rule of Law in Palestine, Documentary (Arabic/English), Ramallah/Geneva, 2012, available: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RG07Uo4tSS8&feature=youtu.be
• DCAF and SHAMS. Community Safety and Security Sector Governance: Compilation of Reference Texts. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2011, available: http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/Compilation-of-Reference-Texts-Community-Safety-and-Security-Sector-Governance
• DCAF and SHAMS. Developing a Community Safety Plan for Jenin. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2012.
• DCAF and SHAMS. Forum: Delivering Security to the Palestinian People. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2009, available: http://www.dcaf.ch/Publications/Forum-Delivering-Security-to-The-Palestinian-People
• DCAF and SHAMS. Jenin Community Safety Assessment Report. Geneva: Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), 2014.
• Homel, Peter, and Anthony Morgan. A model performance framework for community-based crime prevention.
Caberra: Australian Institute of Criminology, 2011, available:
http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tbp/21-40/tbp040.html
Thank you!
Fatima Itawi Project Manager
The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF), Palestinian Territories
Contact details:
DCAF Ramallah Al-Maaref Street 34 Ramallah / Al-Bireh
West Bank Palestine
Tel: +972 (2) 295 6297 Fax: +972 (2) 295 6295
Email: [email protected]
Head Office
Chemin Eugène-Rigot 2E P.O. Box 1360 1202 Geneva Switzerland
Tel: +41 22 730 9486 Fax: +41 22 730 9405
www.dcaf.ch
