Peer Review Report Phase 1 Austria

8/4/2019 Peer Review Report Phase 1 Austria

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/peer-review-report-phase-1-austria 1/84

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=$ Xmk esskss`kdx jn xmk ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg jn E{sxvle res feskh jd xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs njv xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd es hksovlfkh ld xmk Bcjfec Njv{`“s Xkv`s jn Vknkvkdok xj @jdlxjv edh Vk~lkr Yvjbvkss Xjrevhs Xvedsyevkdo| edh K}omedbk jn Ldnjvèxljd# edhres yvkyevkh {sldb xmk Bcjfec Njv{`“s @kxmjhjcjb| njv Ykkv Vk~lkrs edh

Djd-@k`fkv Vk~lkrs$ Xmk esskss`kdx res feskh jd ldnjvèxljd e~elcefck xjxmk esskss`kdx xke` ldoc{hldb xmk cers# vkb{cexljds# edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd evvedbk`kdxs ld njvok jv knnkox es ex A{dk 6955# E{sxvle“s vksyjdsks xjxmk Ymesk 5 u{ksxljddelvk edh s{yyck`kdxev| u{ksxljds# ldnjvèxljd s{yyclkh f| yevxdkv a{vlshloxljds edh jxmkv vkck~edx sj{voks$

<$ Xmk Xkv`s jn Vknkvkdok fvkegs hjrd xmk sxedhevhs jn xvedsyevkdo|edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ldxj 59 ksskdxlec kck`kdxs edh ?5 kd{`kvexkh esykoxs {dhkv xmvkk fvjeh oexkbjvlks1 -E, e~elceflclx| jn ldnjvèxljd7-F, eookss xj ldnjvèxljd7 edh -O, k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$ Xmls vk~lkresskssks E{sxvle“s ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg ebeldsx xmksk kck`kdxs edhkeom jn xmk kd{`kvexkh esykoxs$ Ld vksykox jn keom ksskdxlec kck`kdx e hkxkv`ldexljd ls èhk xmex1 -l, xmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok7 -ll, xmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok f{xokvxeld esykoxs jn xmk ckbec l`yck`kdxexljd jn xmk kck`kdx dkkh l`yvj~k`kdx7jv -lll, xmk kck`kdx ls djx ld yceok$ Xmksk hkxkv`ldexljds evk eooj`yedlkh f|

vkoj``kdhexljds njv l`yvj~k`kdx rmkvk vkck~edx$59$ Xmk esskss`kdx res ojdh{oxkh f| e xke` rmlom ojdslsxkh jn xrj k}ykvxesskssjvs edh jdk vkyvkskdxexl~k jn xmk Bcjfec Njv{` _kovkxevlex1 Eh~joexkMlcev| Y{cc{`# Ckblscexl~k Oj{dskc jn B{kvdsk|7 @v Aksykv ksxkvbeevh _kdljv Ckbec Eh~lskv ld xmk Hedlsm @ldlsxv| jn Xe}exljd7 edh @v$ Vì`l kvdke{ nvj`xmk _kovkxevlex xj xmk Bcjfec Njv{`$




59 ‟ LDXVJH[OXLJD

J~kv~lkr jn E{sxvle

55$ Cjoexkh ld okdxvec K{vjyk# E{sxvle ls e oj{dxv| rlxm e cedh evke jn =8 999 g`¶ edh =$8 `lccljd ldmeflxedxs$ E{sxvle ls s{vvj{dhkh f| klbmx oj{dxvlks1 Bkvèd| edh xmk Oqkom Vky{fclo xj xmk djvxm# xmk _cj~eg Vky{fclo edhM{dbev| xj xmk kesx# Lxec| edh _cj~kdle xj xmk sj{xm# edh _rlxqkvcedh edhClkomxkdsxkld xj xmk rksx$ Xmk oeylxec jn E{sxvle ls lkdde# rlxm efj{x xmku{evxkv jn xmk E{sxvled yjy{cexljd$ Bkvèd ls E{sxvle“s dexljdec cedb{ebkrmlck Ovjexled# M{dbevled edh _cj~kdled evk jnnlolec cedb{ebks ex e cjoecck~kc$ _ldok 5<<<# xmk E{sxvled o{vvkdo| mes fkkd xmk K{vj$

56$ E{sxvle ls ed eh~edokh hk~kcjykh oj{dxv| rmkvk ld 6959 skv~lokseooj{dxkh njv ><+ jn xmk BHY# ldh{sxv| 6<+ edh ebvlo{cx{vk 6+$5 E{sxvle“sèld kojdj`lo skoxjvs evk yvjh{oxljd jn bjjhs njv k}yjvxs# xj{vls` edh

nldedolec skv~loks$ K{vjyked [dljd `k`fkvs vkyvkskdx `jvk xmed 29+ jn E{sxvled ldxkvdexljdec xvehk# rlxm Bkvèd|# Lxec|# edh _rlxqkvcedh fkldb lxsèld xvehldb yevxdkvs$ E{sxvle ls jdk jn xmk `jsx hk~kcjykh oj{dxvlks ld xmkrjvch rlxm e BHY ykv oeylxe jn [_H 88 999 -K[V 6< ;=<6, ld 6959$

5?$ E{sxvle mes fkkd e `k`fkv jn xmk [dlxkh Dexljds sldok 5<;;# lse nj{dhldb `k`fkv jn xmk Jvbedlsexljd njv Kojdj`lo Ojjykvexljd edhHk~kcjy`kdx -JKOH, edh ajldkh xmk K{vjyked [dljd -K[, ld 5<<;$ E{sxvlels `k`fkv jn xmk Bcjfec Njv{` jd Xvedsyevkdo| edh K}omedbk jn Ldnjvèxljdnjv Xe} Y{vyjsks$

Bkdkvec ldnjvèxljd jd ckbec s|sxk` edh xmk xe}exljd s|sxk`

Ckbec s|sxk`

58$ E{sxvle ls e yevcle`kdxev| hk`jovexlo vky{fclo ksxefclsmkh es e nkhkvec_xexk oj`yvlsldb dldk Cèdhkv -sxexks,$ Xmksk Cèdhkv k}kvolsk ecc jn xmk vlbmxsrmlom me~k djx fkkd esslbdkh xj xmk Nkhkvexljd -F{dh,$ Xmk Nkhkvexljd“sCkblscexl~k yjrkv ls k}kvolskh f| xmk Yevcle`kdx rmlom ls ojdsxlx{xkh jn xrjome`fkvs# xmk Dexljdecvex -Ome`fkv jn Vkyvkskdxexl~ks, edh xmk F{dhkvsvex

-Ome`fkv jn _xexks,$ Ecc Dexljdecvex `k`fkvs evk hlvkoxc| kckoxkh jd e yvj yjvxljdec fesls njv e nl~k |kev xkv`$ Xmk Dexljdecvex xegks yvkokhkdok j~kv xmk F{dhksvex k}okyx rmkd xmk vlbmxs jn xmk Cèdhkv evk ojdokvdkh$ Keom Cedh ecsjmes lxs jrd yevcle`kdx rmlom k}kvolsks xmk ckblscexl~k yjrkvs rlxmld lxs jrdhj`ksxlo oj`ykxkdok# xmk Cedhxeb$

5;$ Xmk F{dh“s K}ko{xl~k yjrkv fkcjdbs xj xmk bj~kvd`kdx ckh f| xmk F{dhksgedqckv -Nkhkvec Omedokccjv,$ Xmk F{dhksgedqckv ls eyyjldxkh f| xmk

5$ Ldnjvèxljd e~elcefck jd xmk _xexlsxlg E{sxvle rkfslxk# rrr$sxexlsxlg$ex*rkfZkd*$

6$ [sldb 6 @e| 6955 k}omedbk vexks$




LDXVJH[OXLJD ‟ 55

F{dhksyvèslhkdx -Yvkslhkdx jn xmk Nkhkvexljd, kckoxkh njv e sl} |kevs xkv` f|hlvkox {dl~kvsec s{nnvebk$ Xmk F{dhksyvèslhkdx ls xmk mkeh jn xmk _xexk# mkehjn ev`| edh vkyvkskdxs E{sxvle efvjeh$ Xmk F{dhksgedqckv k}kvolsks ecc n{doxljds xmex evk djx esslbdkh xj xmk F{dhksyvèslhkdx f| xmk Ojdsxlx{xljd$

5>$ Xmk E{sxvled ckbec s|sxk` ls nj{dhkh jd Vjèd cer# ecsj gdjrdes ol~lc cer$ Xmk mlkvevom| jn sj{voks ls jvhkvkh es njccjrs1 xmk NkhkvecOjdsxlx{xljd jn 5<69 es e`kdhkh# ldxkvdexljdec xvkexlks rlxm ojdsxlx{xljdecvedg -k$b$ xmk K{vjyked Ojd~kdxljd jd M{èd Vlbmxs,# cers edh# ld x{vd#vkb{cexljds$ Eoojvhldb xj xmk E{sxvled Ojdsxlx{xljd# Nkhkvec cer edh Cèdhkv cer me~k xmk se`k sxex{s$ Dk~kvxmkckss# xmk ol~lc# kdxvkyvkdk{vlec# ovl`ldecedh nldedolec cer -ldoc{hldb xe} edh edxl`jdk| ce{dhkvldb ckblscexljd, evk yevx jn xmk F{dh ckblscexljd edh eyyc| xmvj{bmj{x E{sxvle$

52$ Ldxkvdexljdec xvkexlks evk e sj{vok jn cer {dhkv Evxlock ;9 jn xmkE{sxvled Ojdsxlx{xljd$ Xmk| evk ojdoc{hkh f| xmk Nkhkvec Yvkslhkdx eoxldb jdxmk yvjyjsec jn xmk Nkhkvec Bj~kvd`kdx$ Ln xmklv omeveoxkv ls yjclxloec# jv ln xmk| omedbk jv s{yyck`kdx sxex{xjv| cer# xmk eyyvj~ec jn xmk Dexljdec Oj{dolcls vku{lvkh$ Xmk Oj{dolc è| hkolhk xmex xmk xvkex| ls djdskcnk}ko{xldb#l$k$ dkkhs xj fk l`yck`kdxkh f| ehhlxljdec ckblscexljd$ Mjrk~kv# ecc xe} xvkexlks slbdkh f| E{sxvle evk ojdslhkvkh xj fk skcnk}ko{xldb$ Xmls `keds xmexxmk yvj~lsljds jn e xe} xvkex| evk hlvkoxc| ldojvyjvexkh ldxj xmk hj`ksxlo cer$K~kd xmj{bm xe} xvkexlks# enxkv ldojvyjvexljd ldxj hj`ksxlo cer# evk njvècc|ex xmk ck~kc jn jvhldev| sxex{xjv| cer# xmk| evk vkbevhkh es –ck} sykolecls‐ edh

ojdsku{kdxc| me~k s{yvkèo| j~kv jvhldev| sxex{xjv| cer$5=$ A{hbks evk ldhkykdhkdx ld xmk k}kvolsk jn xmklv n{doxljds$ Xmk| evkeyyjldxkh f| xmk F{dhksyvèslhkdx $ Rlxmld xmk a{hlolec s|sxk`# e hlsxldoxljdls hverd fkxrkkd1

Yvl~exk cer xvlf{decs me~k a{vlshloxljd xj mkev ecc ol~lc edh ovl`ldecèxxkvs edh jvbedlskh jd cjoec edh vkbljdec ck~kcs -hlsxvlox oj{vxs ‟

Fkqlvgsbkvlomxk ‟ edh sxexk oj{vxs ‟ Cedhks-bkvlomxk, rlxm nj{v Oj{vxjn Eyykec eoxldb es e skojdh ldsxedok oj{vx7 edh

Ldhkykdhkdx eh`ldlsxvexl~k xvlf{decs me~k a{vlshloxljd xj vk~lkr xmkckbeclx| jn hkolsljds edh xmk k}kvolsk jn yjrkvs f| xmk eh`ldlsxvexl~ke{xmjvlxlks$ Xmls ldoc{hks ecc oesks vkcexldb xj xe} èxxkvs$

Xmk _{yvk`k Oj{vx edh xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k _{yvk`k Oj{vx evkvksykoxl~kc| xmk mlbmksx a{hlolec ldsxedoks ld E{sxvle njv ol~lc edhovl`ldec èxxkvs# edh eh`ldlsxvexl~k oesks$ Nldecc| xmk Ojdsxlx{xljdecOj{vx k}e`ldks xmk ojdnjv`lx| jn sxex{xks rlxm xmk ojdsxlx{xljd edhoed edd{c {dojdsxlx{xljdec cers# edh ex xmk vku{ksx jn xmk F{dh jv Cèdhkv# xmk Oj{vx oed v{ck jd xmk k}xkdx jn xmklv k}ko{xl~k jv ckblscexl~k yjrkvs# rmlom v{cldb mes fldhldb knnkox$




56 ‟ LDXVJH[OXLJD

Xe}exljd s|sxk`

5<$ Xmk yjrkv xj ckblscexk ld xe} èxxkvs oj`ks ex xmk Nkhkvec ck~kc$Xe} èxxkvs evk vkb{cexkh f| xmk Nkhkvec Nlsoec Ojhk -mkvkenxkv FEJ, rmlom

ehhvkssks yvjokh{vec esykoxs# edh f| sykolec cers s{om es xmk Ldoj`k Xe}Eox - K_xB,# xmk Ojvyjvexljd Xe} Eox - G_xB, edh xmk êc{kEhhkh Xe} Eox-[_xB,$ Ld E{sxvle# ldoj`k ls s{fakox xj xrj eld xe}ks1 ldoj`k xe} njv ldhl~lh{ecs edh ojvyjvexk xe} njv oj`yedlks$

69$ Eoojvhldb xj xmk K_xB ldhl~lh{ecs evk s{fakox xj {dcl`lxkh xe} cleflclx| rmkd xmk| me~k xmklv vkslhkdok ld E{sxvle edh evk clefck xj xe} jd xmklv rjvchrlhk ldoj`k$ Ldhl~lh{ecs xmex evk djx hkk`kh xj fk vkslhkdxs jn E{sxvlenjv xe} y{vyjsks evk xe}kh jd ldoj`k nvj` E{sxvled sj{voks jdc|$ Ldoj`ks{om es secevlks jv ldoj`k nvj` oeylxec ls s{fakox xj e rlxmmjchldb xe} rmlck

jxmkv ldoj`k ls s{fakox xj e xe}exljd soeck oj`yvlsldb nj{v vexks# nvj` 9+-ldoj`k {y xj K[V 55 999, xj ;9+ -ldoj`k j~kv K[V >9 999,$

65$ Ecc ckbec kdxlxlks jvbedlskh {dhkv yvl~exk cer -k$b$ ajldx sxjog oj`yedlks#cl`lxkh cleflclx| oj`yedlks# nj{dhexljds# edh ojjykvexl~ks, es rkcc es y{fclokdxlxlks oevv|ldb jd oj``kvolec eoxl~lx| evk s{fakox xj ojvyjvexljd xe}$ Rmkdxmksk kdxlxlks evk vkslhkdx ld E{sxvle njv xe} y{vyjsks# l$k$ rmkd xmk| me~k xmklv skex jv yceok jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdx ld E{sxvle# xmk| evk clefck xj xe} jd xmklv rjvchrlhk ldoj`k rmlck rmkd xmk kdxlxlks evk djx xe} vkslhkdx ld E{sxvle xmklv E{sxvled xe} cleflclx| ls cl`lxkh xj ldoj`k nvj` E{sxvled sj{vok$ Xmk ojvyjvexkxe} ls ck~lkh ex xmk dj`ldec vexk jn 6;+ rlxm e `ldl`{` xe} jn K[V ? ;99 njv

ajldx sxjog oj`yedlks edh K[V 5 2;9 njv cl`lxkh cleflclx| oj`yedlks$

66$ Es e `k`fkv jn xmk K{vjyked [dljd# E{sxvle ls e `k`fkv jn xmkK{vjyked oj``jd ~ec{kehhkh xe} -ÊX, s|sxk`$ Xmk djvèc vexk jn ÊXls 69+ edh xmk vkh{okh vexk 59+$

6?$ Ld 699< -cesx hexe e~elcefck,1

EX xjxec vk~kd{k res K[V 66$; flccljd edh ?;+ jn E{sxvle xjxecxe} vk~kd{ks7

Ldhl~lh{ecs“ ldoj`k xe} xjxec vk~kd{k res K[V 66$; flccljd edh ?;+jn E{sxvle xjxec xe} vk~kd{ks7 edh

ojvyjvexk xe} xjxec vk~kd{k res K[V 8 flccljd# >$;+ jn E{sxvle xjxecxe} vk~kd{ks$

68$ E{sxvle“s dkxrjvg jn `komedls`s eccjrldb njv ldxkvdexljdec k}omedbkjn ldnjvèxljd -KJL, ld xe} èxxkvs o{vvkdxc| oj~kvs <9 a{vlshloxljds# => f| re|jn hj{fck xe} ojd~kdxljds -HXOs, edh 8 f| re| jn xe} ldnjvèxljd k}omedbkebvkk`kdxs -XLKEs,$ _ldok @evom 699< edh lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs njv xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ld xe} èxxkvs#

E{sxvle mes jdc| ojdoc{hkh KJL ebvkk`kdxs ldojvyjvexldb xmk n{cc xk}x jn




LDXVJH[OXLJD ‟ 5?

Evxlock 6> jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd# ld yevxlo{cev es vkbevhs ldnjvèxljd mkch f| fedgs edh nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds$ 62 KJL evvedbk`kdxs eccjrldbnjv xmk k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd me~k fkkd slbdkh sj nev f| E{sxvle$

6;$ Es ed K[ @k`fkv _xexk# E{sxvle ecsj k}omedbks ldnjvèxljd ld xmknlkch jn hlvkox xe}exljd {dhkv xmk sojyk jn xmk K[ @{x{ec Esslsxedok Hlvkoxl~k22*2<<*KKO ld xmk Nlkch jn Hlvkox Xe}exljd edh Lds{vedok Yvk`l{`s$? E dkr@{x{ec Esslsxedok Hlvkoxl~k mes vkokdxc| fkkd ehjyxkh f| xmk K[ Oj{dolc$

J~kv~lkr jn oj``kvolec cers edh jxmkv vkck~edx neoxjvs njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd

J~kv~lkr jn nldedolec skoxjv edh vkck~edx yvjnkssljds

6>$ Ex xmk kdh jn 6959# E{sxvle meh e hk~kcjykh edh hl~kvslnlkh nldedolecskoxjv ojdxvlf{xldb xj ;$>+ jn dexljdec BHY$ Ex xmex hexk# xmk E{sxvled nldedolecskoxjv oj`yvlskh# =8? fedgs8# << ld~ksx`kdx nlv`s# 5>? ld~ksx`kdx skv~lok yvj~lhkvs# 6< ld~ksx`kdx n{dhs èdebk`kdx oj`yedlks edh 6 5;= hj`ksxlold~ksx`kdx n{dhs# e`jdbsx jxmkv kdxlxlks$

62$ Xmk nldedolec skoxjv ls vkb{cexkh f| xmk Nkhkvec Fedgldb Eox- Fedgrkskdbkskxq , Dj ;?6*5<<? ehjyxkh ld 5<<? es e`kdhkh$ Xmls skoxjv ls {dhkv xmk s{ykv~lsljd edh vkb{cexljd jn xmk Nldedolec @evgkx E{xmjvlx|-N@E,# ed ldhkykdhkdx fjh| {dhkv y{fclo cer yceokh {dhkv hlvkox yevcle

`kdxev| ojdxvjc$ Xmk N@E“s n{doxljds ldoc{hk lss{ldb vkb{cexljds# bvedxldbclokdsks xj nldedolec yvjnkssljdecs es rkcc es s{ykv~lsldb edh kdnjvoldb yv{hkdxlec edh E@C*ONX vku{lvk`kdx$ Hj`ksxlo nldedolec ldsxlx{xljd oevv|ldbjd cl`lxkh sykoleclskh nldedolec f{sldkss edh lds{vedok ldxkv`khlevlks evkhlvkoxc| s{ykv~lskh f| xmk cjoec hlsxvlox e{xmjvlxlks$ _ldok 699=# xmk E{sxvled Dexljdec Fedg mes xmk sjck vksyjdslflclx| njv ojdh{oxldb jnnslxk `jdlxjvldbedh jdslxk k}e`ldexljds jn fedgs$

6=$ Ld E{sxvle# ol~lc cer djxevlks -;99,# cer|kvs - jvk xmed ; 999,# edheooj{dxedxs -`jvk xmed 59 999 f{sldkssks, evk ojdslhkvkh xj fk hkslbdexkh

djdnldedolec f{sldkssks edh yvjnkssljds {dhkv xmk sojyk jn xmk edxl`jdk|ce{dhkvldb ckblscexljd edh evk eoojvhldbc| vku{lvkh xj ykvnjv` o{sxj`kv h{khlclbkdok -OHH,$ Ecc xmksk yvjnkssljdecs evk {dhkv xmk s{ykv~lsljd jn yvjnkssljdec s{ykv~lsjv| e{xmjvlxlks$

?$ mxxy1**k{vjye$k{*ckblscexljdZs{`èvlks*xe}exljd*c??96<Zkd$mx`# eooksskh 6 @e|

6955$8$ Jn rmlom# ;?< rkvk v{vec ovkhlx ojjykvexl~ks yvj~lhldb cl`lxkh skv~loks# rmlck

xmkvk rkvk 82 ajldxsxjog edh yvl~exk fedgs# ;8 se~ldb fedgs edh >2 ldh{sxvlec

ovkhlx fedgs$




58 ‟ LDXVJH[OXLJD

Edxl `jdk| ce{dhkvldb*oj`fexldb nldedoldb jn xkvvjvls` ckblscexljd

6<$ Edxl `jdk| ce{dhkvldb*oj`fexldb nldedoldb jn xkvvjvls` -E@C*ONX, ckblscexljd ld E{sxvle ls yvlèvlc| feskh jd xmk vkck~edx K[ cer ld yev

xlo{cev xmk xmlvh K[ Hlvkoxl~k 699;*>9*KO jn xmk K{vjyked Yevcle`kdx edh jn xmk Oj{dolc jn 6> Joxjfkv 699; jd xmk yvk~kdxljd jn xmk {sk jn xmk nldedolec s|sxk` njv xmk y{vyjsk jn `jdk| ce{dhkvldb edh xkvvjvlsx nldedoldb $; Xmlsckblscexljd res xvedsyjskh ld E{sxvled cer rlxm knnkox es jn 5 Aed{ev| 699=$

?9$ Ed esskss`kdx jn xmk E{sxvled E@C*ONX ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg res ojdh{oxkh f| xmk L@N -Ldxkvdexljdec @jdkxev| N{dh, edh xmk NEXN-Nldedolec Eoxljd Xesg Njvok, ld 699=$> Xmk vkyjvx y{fclsmkh ld 699< smjrsxmex E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks me~k l`yck`kdxkh e oj`yvkmkdsl~k E@C*ONX s|sxk`s{yyjvxkh f| rkcc hk~kcjykh nkhkvec eh`ldlsxvexl~k edh s{ykv~lsjv| fjhlks$

N{vxmkv# xmk vkyjvx djxkh xmex xmk E{sxvled vkblsxvexljd s|sxk` ls rkcc hk~kcjykhxmj{bm eookss xj ldnjvèxljd jd sj`k kdxlxlks ls sj`kxl`ks `lssldb$ Eoojvhldbxj xmk vkyjvx# OHH ls {s{ecc| ld cldk rlxm xmk NEXN Vkoj``kdhexljds k~kd ln k}okyxljds xj xmksk vku{lvk`kdxs evk ld sj`k olvo{`sxedoks xjj fvjeh# rmlckvkojvh gkkyldb vku{lvk`kdxs skx j{x f| xmk E{sxvled cer `kkx xmk ldxkvdexljdecsxedhevh$ Xmk E{sxvled E@C*ONX s|sxk` res sxvkdbxmkdkh sldok xmk cesx k~ec{exljd ykvnjv`kh f| xmk NEXN$ Ld yevxlo{cev# xmk Fedgldb Eox res e`kdhkh ldA{c| 6959 njccjrldb xmk ojdoc{sljds jn xmk L@N*NEXN vkyjvx es vkbevhs se~ldbshkyjslx eooj{dxs rlxm e fecedok cjrkv xmed K[V 5; 999$

Vkokdx hk~kcjy`kdxs

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?6$ Xj oj`yc| rlxm xmls oj``lx`kdx# ed Eh`ldlsxvexl~k EsslsxedokL`yck`kdxexljd Eox res ehjyxkh ld 699< edh y{fclsmkh jd = _kyxk`fkv 699<$Xmls dkr ckblscexljd sxkxs j{x xmk vku{lvk`kdxs edh yvjokh{vk njv xmk bexmkvldb

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?8$ Knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd vku{lvks xmk e~elceflclx| jn vkclefckldnjvèxljd$ Ld yevxlo{cev# lx vku{lvks ldnjvèxljd jd xmk lhkdxlx| jn jrdkvsedh jxmkv sxegkmjchkvs es rkcc es eooj{dxldb ldnjvèxljd jd xmk xvedseoxljdsoevvlkh j{x f| kdxlxlks edh jxmkv jvbedlsexljdec sxv{ox{vks$ _{om ldnjvèxljdè| fk gkyx njv xe}# vkb{cexjv|# oj``kvolec jv jxmkv vkesjds$ Ln ldnjvèxljdls djx gkyx jv xmk ldnjvèxljd ls djx èldxeldkh njv e vkesjdefck ykvljh jn xl`k# e a{vlshloxljd“s oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| è| djx fk efck xj jfxeld edh yvj~lhk lx rmkd vku{ksxkh$ Xmls skoxljd jn xmk vkyjvx esskssks xmk ehku{eo| jn xmkE{sxvle“s ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg jd e~elceflclx| jn ldnjvèxljd$

?;$ E{sxvle mes e sj{dh ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg rmlom kds{vksxmex ldnjvèxljd ojdokvdldb xmk lhkdxlx| jn jrdkvs edh smevkmjchkvs ld oj`

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?>$ Es e vks{cx jn `komedls`s# s{om es xmk jfclbexljd jd xmk kdxlxlks xjèldxeld smevk vkblsxkvs# ecc ldnjvèxljd ojdokvdldb vkblsxkvkh smevkmjchkvsld ajldx sxjog oj`yedlks edh `k`fkvs jn ojjykvexl~ks ls e~elcefck$ Mjrk~kv#

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?2$ Ecc xmksk jfclbexljds evk s{yyck`kdxkh f| oj`yvkmkdsl~k xe} vku{lvk`kdxs# ldoc{hldb vkblsxvexljd edh yvj~lsljd jn ed| neoxs edh olvo{`sxedoksvkck~edx njv xe} y{vyjsks# es rkcc es xmk edd{ec s{f`lssljd jn e xe} vkx{vd$

?=$ Rmlck xv{sxs# e oj``jd cer ojdokyx# evk djx vkojbdlskh ld E{sxvle#ldnjvèxljd jd xmk skxxcjvs edh fkdknlolevlks ls e~elcefck h{k ld yevxlo{cev xj xmkl`yck`kdxexljd E@C*ONX vku{lvk`kdxs$ Xmk slx{exljd ls xmk se`k es vkbevhsXvk{medh # ed E{sxvled nlh{olev| vkcexljdsmly# edh ls s{yyck`kdxkh# njv xmjskevvedbk`kdxs# f| e yevxlec vkblsxvexljd s|sxk` rmkd cer|kvs edh ol~lc cerdjxevlks evk eoxldb es Xvk{mèdhkv -xv{sxkks,$

?<$ Ecc vkck~edx oj`yedlks# yevxdkvsmlys edh nj{dhexljds evk vku{lvkh xjgkky oj`yvkmkdsl~k eooj{dxldb vkojvhs edh s{yyjvxldb hjo{`kdxs njv e sk~kd|kev ykvljh# ld yevxlo{cev es e vks{cx jn jfclbexljds skx j{x ld xmk Nlsoec Ojhk edhxmk jfclbexljd xj feog xmk edd{ec xe} vkx{vd rlxm s{yyjvxldb hjo{`kdxexljd$Yvjnkssljdec xv{sxkks edh Xvk{mèdhkv evk s{fakox xj xmk se`k vku{lvk`kdxsk}okyx ld sj`k sykolnlo slx{exljds$

89$ Fedgs edh nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds evk vku{lvkh xj ykvnjv` o{sxj`kv h{khlclbkdok -OHH,# xj lhkdxln| edh ~kvln| xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmklv o{sxj`kvs edh xjmjch OHH edh o{sxj`kvs“ xvedseoxljd vkojvhs njv e ykvljh jn ex ckesx nl~k |kevs

y{vs{edx xj edxl`jdk| ce{dhkvldb ckblscexljd$

E$5$ Jrdkvsmly edh lhkdxlx| ldnjvèxljd

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kdxlxlks edh evvedbk`kdxs ls e~elcefck xj xmklv oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlxlks$

E{sxvled vkblsxkvs

85$ Xmk f{sldkss vkblsxkv - Nlv`kdf{om, ls èldxeldkh ld E{sxvle f| keomcjoec oj{vx jn a{sxlok$ Ecc f{sldkssks# rmexk~kv xmklv ckbec njv` edh eoxl~lxlks#`{sx fk vkblsxkvkh -s$ 6 E{sxvled Oj``kvolec Vkblsxkv Eox7 NFB,$

86$ Ecxmj{bm xmk vkblsxkv ls èdebkh ex xmk cjoec ck~kc# xmk Nlv`kdf{omls jykvexkh es e okdxvec kckoxvjdlo hexefesk -ss$ 6= edh 6< NFB, edh xmkvk ls esldbck vkblsxkv njv xmk rmjck E{sxvled xkvvlxjv|$ Xmls `keds xmex ecc kdxvlks ldxmk vkblsxkv evk e~elcefck jd e dexljdec fesls$ Xmls vkblsxkv ls jykd njv y{fcloldsykoxljd edh ecc ldnjvèxljd èldxeldkh oed fk eooksskh f| xmk E{sxvledvk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks -ss$ ??# ?8 edh ?;,$ E{sxvled cer ecsj yvj~lhks xmex ecc




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ 52

hjo{`kdxs mkch f| vkblsxvexljd e{xmjvlxlks# s{om es hkkhs jn ldojvyjvexljd#oed ecsj fk eooksskh njv KJL y{vyjsks$

8?$ Ld ehhlxljd xj xmls vkblsxkv# ecc kdxlxlks edh evvedbk`kdxs vkck~edx njv

xe} y{vyjsks `{sx fk vkblsxkvkh rlxm xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks njv xe} y{vyjsks-s$ 55< edh 569 Nlsoec Ojhk, edh `{sx# ld yevxlo{cev# hlsocjsk ecc neoxs xmex evkjn vkck~edok njv xe} y{vyjsks xj xmk xe} eh`ldlsxvexljd$

Oj`yedlks -XjV2 E$5$5,

88$ E{sxvled cer yvj~lhks njv nj{v x|yks jn oj`yedlks1

Egxlkdbkskccsomenx -EB, ‟ ajldx sxjog oj`yed| -_xjog OjvyjvexljdEox ehjyxkh ld 5<<=,$ Ajldx sxjog oj`yedlks me~k e `ldl`{` oeylxecjn ex ckesx K[V 29 999# hkxkv`ldkh ld eh~edok# hl~lhkh ldxj s ecckv e`j{dxs -smevks,$ _mevkmjchkvs“ cleflclx| ls cl`lxkh xj xmk e`j{dx jn xmklv ojdxvlf{xljds edh xmk| evk djx ykvsjdecc| clefck njv xmk oj`yed|“scleflclxlks$ E djxevlec hkkh ls vku{lvkh njv xmk ldojvyjvexljd jn ed EB$Xmkvk rkvk 5 >89 EBs ldojvyjvexkh ld E{sxvle jd ?5 Hkok`fkv 699<7

Xmk K{vjyked Oj`yed| -_K, ls e oj`yed| rlxm e K{vjyked hl`kdsljd# edh hjks djx sxvloxc| necc {dhkv xmk xkvvlxjvlec sojyk jn xmkckblscexljd vkcexldb xj hj`ksxlo oj`yedlks ld njvok ld xmk oj{dxv|rmkvk lx mes fkkd ldojvyjvexkh$ K{vjyked oj`yedlks evk vkb{cexkh f| Oj{dolc Vkb{cexljd -KO, Dj 65;2*6995 jn = Joxjfkv 6995 jd xmk

_xex{xk njv e K{vjyked oj`yed| -_K,$ Y{vs{edx xj Evxlock 59 jn xmkK[ Vkb{cexljd# xmk cers xmex eyyc| xj _Ks evk xmjsk xmex eyyc| xj y{fclo cl`lxkh oj`yedlks - EBs,$ 5> _Ks rkvk vkblsxkvkh ld E{sxvleex ?5 Hkok`fkv 6959$ Ecc v{cks mkvkenxkv hksovlfkh njv EBs eyyc| xjK{vjyked oj`yedlks7

Bkskccsomenx `lx fksomvèdgxkv Menx{db -B`fM, ‟ cl`lxkh cleflclx|oj`yed| -B`fM Eox jn > @evom 5<9>,$ Xmk `ldl`{` oeylxec jn eB`fM ls K[V ?; 999# xmk cleflclx| jn keom yevxlolyedx ls cl`lxkh xj eokvxeld e`j{dx edh xmk| evk djx ykvsjdecc| clefck njv xmk oj`yed|“s

hkfxs$ Xmk evxlocks jn ldojvyjvexljd jn e B`fM `{sx fk djxevlskh$ @jsxnjvklbdjrdkh f{sldkssks jykvexk ld E{sxvle {dhkv xmls ckbec njv`$Xmkvk rkvk `jvk xmed 569 999 vkblsxkvkh B`fMs ld xmk Nlv`kdf{omex xmk kdh jn 69597 edh

Bkdjsskdsomenx ‟ ojjykvexl~ks ‟ vkb{cexkh f| xmk Ojjykvexl~k Eoxjn < Eyvlc 5=2? es e`kdhkh$ E ojjykvexl~k ls e oj`yed| rlxmj{x enl}kh d{`fkv jn `k`fkvs$ Lx smj{ch djx el` xj ègk yvjnlxs f{x vexmkv

2$ Xkv`s jn Vknkvkdok xj @jdlxjv edh Vk~lkr Yvjbvkss Xjrevhs Xvedsyevkdo| edh

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xj esslsx lxs `k`fkvs$ E ojjykvexl~k oed fk nj{dhkh rlxm cl`lxkh-rmlom ls xmk djv , jv {dcl`lxkh -rmlom ls vevk, cleflclx|$ Xmk ckbecoeyeflclx| ls djx cl`lxkh$ Xmk hkkh jn ldojvyjvexljd `{sx fk djxevlskh$Xmkvk rkvk 5 =>? ojjykvexl~ks vkblsxkvkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om jd?5 Hkok`fkv 6959$

Vkblsxvexljd vku{lvk`kdxs

8;$ Eoojvhldb xj xmk E{sxvled Oj``kvolec Vkblsxkv Eox - NFB,# ecc oj`yedlks `{sx fk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk Nlv kdf{om$ [dckss xmk| evk vkblsxkvkh# oj`yedlks oeddjx oj`k ldxj k}lsxkdok$ Xmls jfclbexljd ecsj oj~kvs jxmkv kdxlxlks -skkjxmkv skoxljds jn xmls vkyjvx,$ Xmk NFB hjks djx yvj~lhk njv e xl`knve`k xj bj xjxmk cjoec oj{vx njv vkblsxvexljd$ Mjrk~kv rmlck xmk oj`yed| ls djx vkblsxkvkh lxoeddjx jykvexk# es vkblsxvexljd ld xmk Nlv kdf{om ls e yvkvku{lslxk xj oevv| jd ed|eoxl~lx|$

8>$ Ldnjvèxljd èldxeldkh ld xmls vkblsxkv ldoc{hks -s$ ? NFB,1 oj``kvolec vkblsxkv d{`fkv# ojvyjvexk de`k# ckbec njv`# vkblsxkvkh jnnlok# de`k edhhexk jn flvxm jn xmk oj`yed| vkyvkskdxexl~k-s,$ Xmkvk evk hlnnkvkdx vku{lvk`kdxs njv vkblsxkvldb smevkmjchkv hkxelcs# s{fakox xj xmk x|yk jn oj`yed|1-l, njv e B`fM# xmk lhkdxlx| jn ecc xmk smevkmjchkvs `{sx fk hlsocjskh xj xmkvkblsxvexljd e{xmjvlxlks -s$ ; jn xmk NFB,7 -ll, njv ed EB edh _K rmkvk xmkvkls jdc| jdk smevkmjchkv# xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmls smevkmjchkv `{sx fk `kdxljdkh ldxmk Nlv`kdf{om -s$ ;, f{x ln xmkvk ls `jvk xmed jdk smevkmjchkv xmklv hkxelcs

evk djx kdxkvkh ldxj xmk Nlv`kdf{om7 -lll, njv e Bkdjsskdsomenx xmkvk ls djvku{lvk`kdx xj hlsocjsk xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmk `k`fkvs$

82$ Ld ehhlxljd# xmk B`fM cer sykolnloecc| sxexks xmex xmk lhkdxlx| edhhexk jn flvxm jn ecc smevkmjchkvs `{sx fk hlsocjskh xj xmk Nlv`kdf{om -s$ 55B`fM Eox, edh xmex ecc xvedsnkvs jn smevks `{sx fk hlsocjskh rlxmj{x hkce| xjxmk cjoec oj{vx jn a{sxlok -s$ 6>-5,,$ Ecc s{om xvedsnkvs `{sx ecsj fk knnkoxkh f|djxevlec hkkh -s$ 2> B`fM Eox,$

8=$ Ecc kdxvlks ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om evk y{fclsmkh ld xmk Jnnlolec Beqkxxkjn xmk Rlkdkv Qklx{db -s$ 59 Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk,$ Xmls y{fcloexljd ojdxelds

xmk n{cc xk}x jn xmk kdxv| ld xmk vkblsxkv$

8<$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd ?9 jn xmk Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk# ed| omedbk xjxmk ojvyjvexk de`k jv xmk oj`yed|“s jrdkvs edh ed| omedbk jn xmk vkblsxkvkh jnnlok `{sx fk vkyjvxkh xj xmk vkblsxvexljd e{xmjvlxlks$ E`kdh`kdxs xjxmk vkblsxkvkh neoxs `{sx ecsj fk l``khlexkc| edh rlxmj{x hkce| nlckh rlxmxmk oj{vx -s$ ?8 jn xmk se`k ojhk edh s$ 59 NFB, edh xmk cjoec oj{vx e`kdhsxmk kdxv| ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om eoojvhldbc|$ Xmls `keds xmex xmk lhkdxlx| jn eccB`fM s“ smevkmjchkvs ls ojdxld{j{sc| gkyx {yhexkh ld xmls vkblsxkv




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yeykvs `{sx fk hkyjslxkh ld e senk yceok# eooksslfck f| xmk oj{vx# njv e ykvljhjn sk~kd |kevs enxkv xmk oj`yed| mes fkkd clu{lhexkh$ Ed| smevkmjchkv jv ovkhlxjv ls eccjrkh xj ldsykox xmksk fjjgs edh yeykvs {yjd eyycloexljd f|xmk oj{vx -s$ 658 E{sxvled _xjog Ojvyjvexljd Eox,$ Xmk se`k v{cks eyyc| njv B`fM -s$ <? jn xmk Cl`lxkh Cleflclx| Oj`yed| Eox, edh Bkdjsskdsomenxkd-s$ ;5 Ojjykvexl~ks Eox,$

Ldnjvèxljd mkch f| oj`yedlks

;5$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd >5 jn xmk E{sxvled _xjog Ojvyjvexljd Eox# ed EB`{sx gkky e smevk vkblsxkv$ Xmls vkblsxkv {sx ojdxeld xmk njccjrldb ldnjvèxljd1

lhkdxlx| edh ehhvkss jn xmk smevkmjchkvs edh ld xmk oesk jn e dex{vec ykvsjd xmk hexk jn flvxm# ld xmk oesk jn ckbec kdxlxlks# xmk vkblsxkv edhd{`fkv {dhkv rmlom xmk ckbec kdxlx| ls vkblsxkvkh -ldoc{hkh# rmkds{om oj`yed| ls vkblsxkvkh efvjeh,7 edh

d{`fkv jn smevks mkch$

;6$ Ln vkblsxkvkh smevks evk xvedsnkvvkh xj edjxmkv yevx|# oedokccexljd edhdkr vkblsxvexljd ld xmk smevk vkblsxkv rlcc xegk yceok {yjd djxlnloexljd edhk~lhkdok$

;?$ Bkdjsskdsomenxkd evk s{fakox xj xmk se`k vku{lvk`kdx -s$ 58 Ojjykvexl~ks Eox, edh `{sx èldxeld e vkblsxkv ldhloexldb njv ecc ojjykvexl~k `k`fkvs#xmklv n{cc de`ks# èvlxec sxex{s# hexk jn ajldldb edh cke~ldb edh d{`fkv jn smevksmkch$ Xmls vkblsxkv ls jykd njv ldsykoxljd$

Xe} vku{lvk`kdxs

;8$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljds 55< edh 569 jn xmk Nlsoec Ojhk - FEJ,# xe}ye|kvs`{sx1

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djxln| xj xmklv xe} jnnloks ecc olvo{`sxedoks rmlom a{sxln|# omedbk jv kdh xmklv ykvsjdec xe} jfclbexljds ld vksykox jn ldoj`k xe}# ojvyjvexkxe}# ÊX edh xe}ks jd oeylxec -s$ 569,$

;;$ Ojdslhkvldb xmk ckbec vku{lvk`kdxs skx j{x ld ss$ 55< -5, edh 569# ecc f{sldkss eoxl~lxlks edh ecc jxmkv vkck~edx omedbks rmlom me~k ed knnkox jd xmk

E{sxvled xe} cleflclx| `{sx fk hlsocjskh xj xmk E{sxvled vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks$




69 ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD

Xmls ldoc{hks ld yevxlo{cev xmk sxevx edh xkv`ldexljd jn ed| eoxl~lx|$ Xmkvk lsmjrk~kv dj jfclbexljd xj yvj~lhk hkxelckh jrdkvsmly ldnjvèxljd es lx mes djhlvkox knnkox jd xmk xe} cleflclx| jn oj`yedlks ld E{sxvle$

;>$ Xmk eyycloexljd njv vkblsxvexljd jv xmk djxlnloexljd jn ed| omedbk {sx fk nlck rlxmld jdk `jdxm jn xmk k~kdx vku{lvldb xmk djxlnloexljd jn xmk xe}jnnlok -s$ 565 jn xmk FEJ,$

;2$ Ld ehhlxljd# y{vs{edx xj skoxljds 5?? edh 5?8 jn xmk FEJ oj`yedlks`{sx s{f`lx ed edd{ec ojvyjvexk xe} vkx{vd f| xmk kdh jn xmk `jdxm jn Eyvlcnjccjrldb xmk esskss`kdx ykvljh$ Xmls vkx{vd hjks djx mjrk~kv ojdxeld ed|ldnjvèxljd jd xmk oj`yedlks“ smevkmjchkvs$

Hlsocjs{vk jn èajv smevkmjchldbs

;=$ K[ Hlvkoxl~k 6998*59<*KO jn 5; Hkok`fkv 6998 res xvedsyjskh ldxjE{sxvled ckblscexljd xmvj{bm skoxljd <5 jn xmk E{sxvled _xjog K}omedbk Eox$Xmex cer oeccs njv xmk y{fcloexljd jn èajv smevkmjchldbs ld lss{ldb fjhlksrmjsk smevks evk kclblfck njv xvehldb jd e vkb{cexkh sxjog k}omedbk -yvlèvlc| EB edh K{vjyked oj`yedlks,$

;<$ Y{vs{edx xj xmk se`k skoxljd# ed| dex{vec ykvsjd jv ckbec kdxlx| xmexhlvkoxc| jv ldhlvkoxc| eou{lvks sko{vlxlks ojdnkvvldb jd lx ~jxldb vlbmxs jn ;+ jv `jvk `{sx sj eh~lsk xmk lss{kv# xmk E{sxvled Nldedolec @evgkx E{xmjvlx|# edhxmk sxjog k}omedbk oj`yed| rlxmld xrj rjvgldb he|s$ _{om djxlnloexljd ls ecsj

vku{lvkh rmkd xmk d{`fkv jn ~jxldb vlbmxs vkeomks jv k}okkhs 59# 5;# 69# 6;# ?9#?;# 89# 8;# ;9# 2; jv <9+ jn xmk oj`yed|“s smevks# ldoc{hldb fkevkv smevks$

>9$ Xmk knnkox jn xmls jfclbexljd ls xmex ecc smevkmjchldbs ld k}okss jn ;+ld clsxkh E{sxvle oj`yedlks evk y{fcloc| gdjrd$

Njvklbd oj`yedlks

>5$ Rmkd e cl`lxkh cleflclx| oj`yed| jv e ajldx sxjog oj`yed| rlxm lxsvkblsxkvkh jnnlok efvjeh èldxelds e fvedom ld E{sxvle# lx `{sx fk vkblsxkvkh

ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om -s$ 56 Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk# s$ 592 Cl`lxkh cleflclx|Oj`yed| Eox,$ Rmkd s{om oj`yed| hjks djx me~k lxs skex jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdx ld ed K[ @k`fkv _xexk jv ld e _xexk yevx| xj xmk Ebvkk`kdx jd xmkK{vjyked Kojdj`lo Evke# xmls oj`yed| `{sx eyyjldx ex ckesx jdk ykvsjdvkslhkdx ld E{sxvle vksyjdslfck xj vkyvkskdx xmk oj`yed| ld E{sxvle$

>6$ Ld s{om oesk# xmk eyycloedx `{sx yvj~lhk# njv vkblsxvexljd# e ojy| jn xmk oj`yed|“s evxlock jn essjolexljd edh# ln s{om evxlocks evk djx rvlxxkd ldBkvèd# e okvxlnlkh xvedscexljd jn xmksk evxlocks -s$ 592 Cl`lxkh Cleflclx|Oj`yed| Eox,$ Mjrk~kv# xmkvk ls dj vku{lvk`kdx xj yvj~lhk ed| hkxelcs jn

smevkmjchkvs es xmkvk ls njv hj`ksxlo oj`yedlks$





>?$ Rmkd e oj`yed| vkblsxkvkh efvjeh mes lxs skex jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdx ld E{sxvle1

rmkd xmk oj`yed| ls vkblsxkvkh ld edjxmkv K[ oj{dxv|# xmls oj`yed|

`{sx fk vkblsxkvkh es e fvedom ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om$ Ld s{om oesks xmkldnjvèxljd xj fk yvj~lhkh {yjd vkblsxvexljd ls xmk se`k es hksovlfkhefj~k7

ld jxmkv oesks# s$ 59 jn xmk E{sxvled cer jd ldxkvdexljdec yvl~exk cerls eyycloefck$ Xmk cer xmex eyyclks xj xmksk oj`yedlks ls xmk cer jn xmk oj{dxv| rmkvk xmk| me~k xmklv skex jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdx$ LdE{sxvle# xmksk oj`yedlks# ld ed| oesks# evk ojdslhkvkh es yevxdkvsmlys {dhkv ol~lc cer$ Ld xmex oesk# vkblsxvexljd ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om lsjdc| vku{lvkh rmkd xmk edd{ec x{vdj~kv ls j~kv K[V 299 999 -s$ 5=<jn xmk Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk,$ Rmkd xmk| bj xj xmk cjoec oj{vx njv vkblsxvexljd# xmksk oj`yedlks `{sx omjsk xmk ckbec njv` {dhkv rmlomxmk| redx xj fk vkblsxkvkh= edh yvj~lhk xmk ck~kc jn ldnjvèxljd ojvvksyjdhldb xj xmex ckbec njv` -skk yevebveyms 8; kx sku,$ E{sxvlede{xmjvlxlks me~k eh~lskh xmex ld yveoxlok xmk {dcl`lxkh cleflclx| jn njvklbd oj`yedlks“ smevkmjchkvs ègks xmk d{`fkv jn njvklbd oj`

yedlks rlxm xmklv skex jn èdebk`kdx ld E{sxvle ~kv| cl`lxkh$ Njvklbdoj`yedlks {s{ecc| yvknkv xj skx {y e s{fslhlev| ld E{sxvle$

>8$ Nldecc|# njvklbd oj`yedlks `{sx ecsj hlsocjsk ecc neoxs edh olvo{`sxedoks xmex evk vkck~edx njv xe} y{vyjsks -ss$ 55< edh 569 FEJ,$ Mjrk~kv#

njv xe} y{vyjsks xmksk oj`yedlks evk djx ecre|s ojdslhkvkh es yevxdkvsmlys{dhkv ol~lc cer$ Ln xmk| evk oj`yevefck xj oj`yedlks eoojvhldb xj E{sxvledcer xmk| evk xvkexkh es oj`yedlks njv E{sxvled xe} y{vyjsks$ Eoojvhldb xjxmk Ojvyjvexljd Xe} Eox -s$ 5,# oj`yedlks# k~kd xmjsk ldojvyjvexkh efvjeh#me~ldb xmklv yceok jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdx ld E{sxvle evk xe}efck jd ed{dcl`lxkh fesls$ Xj xmlsk}xkdx# xmk| `{sx vkblsxkv rlxm vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks edh yvj~lhk xmk se`k ck~kc jn ldnjvèxljd es sl`lcev E{sxvled hj`ksxlo oj`yedlks me~k xj yvj~lhk# ld yevxlo{cev ecc neoxs xmex evk vkck~edx njv xe} y{vyjsks$Njv oj`yedlks# xmkvk ls mjrk~kv dj jfclbexljd xj yvj~lhk hkxelckh jrdkvsmlyldnjvèxljd es lx mes dj hlvkox knnkox jd xmk xe} cleflclx| jn oj`yedlks ldE{sxvle -ld xmk slx{exljd rmkvk s{om njvklbd oj`yedlks rj{ch fk vkblsxkvkhnjv xe} y{vyjsks es yevxdkvsmlys s{om ldnjvèxljd rj{ch fk e~elcefck h{k xjxmk nlcldb jfclbexljds ojdokvdldb yevxdkvsmlys,$ Fvedomks jn njvklbd oj` yedlks ecsj me~k xj fk vkblsxkvkh rlxm vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks k~kd ln xmklv xe}cleflclx| ls cl`lxkh xj E{sxvled sj{vok ldoj`k$

=$ BksfV oeddjx fk vkblsxkvkh es BksfV ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om ld E{sxvle$ Njvklbdoj`yedlks `{sx xmkd omjsk jdk jn xmk ckbec njv` xmex oed fk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk

Nlv`kdf{om$ Xmls oed fk xmk njv` jn e ajldx sxjog oj`yed|# cl`lxkh cleflclx|

oj`yed|# ojjykvexl~k# cl`lxkh yevxdkvsmly jv bkdkvec yevxdkvsmly$





Jrdkvsmly ldnjvèxljd mkch f| skv~lok yvj~lhkvs

Edxl`jdk| ce{dhkvldb vku{lvk`kdxs

>;$ Ld E{sxvle# edxl`jdk| ce{dhkvldb yvj~lsljds evk skx j{x ld ckblscexljdl`yck`kdxldb K[ Hlvkoxl~k 699;*>9*KO $ Xmls ckblscexljd mes fkkd hk~kcjykh ldxmk cers vkb{cexldb yvjnkssljdecs s{fakox xj E@C vku{lvk`kdxs$ Xmk njccjrldbkdxlxlks edh yvjnkssljdecs evk# e`jdbsx jxmkvs# oj~kvkh f| E@C jfclbexljds1

ovkhlx edh nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds# edh ld~ksx`kdx oj`yedlks {dhkv xmkE{sxvled Nkhkvec Fedgldb Eox - FRB,7

cer|kvs {dhkv xmk _jclolxjvEh~joexks“ Ojhk - VEJ,7

ol~lc cer djxevlks {dhkv xmk Ol~lc Cer Djxevlks“ Ojhk - DJ,7

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xv{sxs# Xvk{mèdhkv jv oj`yed| skv~lok yvj~lhkvs rmkd yvj~lhldb okvxeldskv~loks xj xmlvh yevxlks< -skk s$ ?>;` E{sxvled Ldh{sxvlec Ojhk BkrJ,$

>>$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljds 89 jn xmk FRB# =f jn xmk VEJ# ?>f jn xmk DJ#<=f jn xmk RXFB# 2<e jn xmk Flf{B# edh ?>;` jn xmk BkrJ# xmksk kdxlxlksedh yvjnkssljdecs evk vku{lvkh xj ykvnjv` o{sxj`kv h{k hlclbkdok -OHH, edh

xmkvknjvk lhkdxln| xmklv o{sxj`kvs edh oclkdxs rmkd1

ksxefclsmldb e ojdxld{j{s f{sldkss vkcexljdsmly$ Xmls `{sx ecsj fkhjdk njv k}lsxldb o{sxj`kvs jd e vlsg esskss`kdx fesls7

oevv|ldb j{x jooesljdec xvedseoxljds e`j{dxldb xj K[V 5; 999 jv `jvk# rmkxmkv xmk jykvexljd ls oevvlkh j{x ld e sldbck jykvexljd jv ldsk~kvec jykvexljd rmlom eyykev xj me~k xlks7

xmkvk ls e s{syloljd jn `jdk| ce{dhkvldb jv xkvvjvlsx nldedoldb# vkbevhckss jn ed| hkvjbexljd# k}k`yxljd jv xmvksmjch7 jv

xmkvk evk hj{fxs efj{x xmk ~kveolx| jv ehku{eo| jn hexe lhkdxln|ldbxmk ojdxveoxldb yevx| jv fkdknlolec jrdkv$

>2$ Y{vs{edx xj xmk se`k evxlock# xmk lhkdxlnloexljd edh ~kvlnloexljd jn xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmk o{sxj`kv {sx fk esokvxeldkh f| xmk ykvsjdec yvkskdxexljdjn ed jnnlolec ymjxj lhkdxlnloexljd hjo{`kdx lss{kh f| e bj~kvd`kdx e{xmjvlx|$ Rmkvk xmk o{sxj`kv ls e oj`yed| jv jxmkv kdxlx|# xmk lhkdxlx| `{sx fk

<$ Xmls ldoc{hks rmkd ovkexldb e ckbec ykvsjd# eoxldb es hlvkoxjv jn e ckbec ykvsjd#

jv yvj~lhldb e vkblsxkvkh jnnlok jv e f{sldkss jnnlok xj ckbec ykvsjds$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ 6?

esokvxeldkh jd xmk fesls jn e `kedldbn{c s{yyjvxldb hjo{`kdx rmlom ls e~elcefck {dhkv xmk {s{ec ckbec sxedhevhs jn xmk oj{dxv| ld rmlom xmk ckbec ykvsjdls ldojvyjvexkh$ Ld ehhlxljd# xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmk dex{vec ykvsjd oj`ykxkdx xjvkyvkskdx xmls ckbec kdxlx| ls esokvxeldkh f| xmk yvkskdxexljd jn ed jnnlolec ymjxj lhkdxlnloexljd hjo{`kdx$

>=$ Ld ehhlxljd# ykvsjds edh kdxlxlks oj~kvkh f| xmk OHH vku{lvk`kdxs`{sx lhkdxln| ecc fkdknlolec jrdkvs -s$ 89 FRB# s$ =h VEJ# s$ ?>h DJ# s$ <=fRXFB# s$ 2<f Flf{B# s$ ?>;j BkrJ,$ ”Fkdknlolec jrdkv“ ls hknldkh ld keomeyycloefck cer eoojvhldb xj xmk hknldlxljd ldoc{hkh ld xmk Xmlvh K[ Edxl`jdk| Ce{dhkvldb Hlvkoxl~k$59 _{om kdxlxlks `{sx sxjvk OHH edh eooj{dxldbèxkvlec njv dj ckss xmed nl~k |kevs enxkv xmk vkcexljdsmly mes okeskh edh ln xmkkdxlx| okeskh eoxl~lx| jv ls hlssjc~kh# xmk cesx eoxldb èdebk`kdx `{sx kds{vkxmex xmls ldnjvèxljd ls sxjvkh ld eoojvhedok rlxm xmk xkv`s jn xmk Cer$

><$ Xj kds{vk xmk l`yck`kdxexljd jn xmls ckblscexljd# y{fclo e{xmjvlxlks#edh ld yevxlo{cev xmk Nldedolec @evgkx E{xmjvlx| -N@E, evk ld omevbk jn `jdlxjvldb yvjnkssljdecs s{fakox xj OHH vku{lvk`kdxs$ _kk skoxljd E$5$> fkcjr rlxm vksykox xj sedoxljds njv djdoj`ycledok rlxm xmksk jfclbexljds$

Dj`ldkks

29$ Dj`ldkk jrdkvsmly ls vkb{cexkh f| xmk v{cks jd xmk nlbmx ebeldsxedxl`jdk| ce{dhkvldb$ Eoojvhldb xj skoxljd ?>;` jn xmk BkrJ# fjxm dex{vec

edh ckbec kdxlxlks edh vkblsxkvkh bkdkvec yevxdkvsmlys# yevxlo{cevc| ojvyjvexkojds{cxedxs eoxldb ld xmk vjck jn e dj`ldkk smevkmjchkv njv edjxmkv ykvsjd# evks{fakox xj E@C vku{lvk`kdxs$ Xmk| `{sx# es e ojdsku{kdok# ykvnjv` OHH#lhkdxln|ldb xmk ykvsjd njv rmjsk fkdknlx xmk smevks evk mkch$ Xm{s# rmkd sj`kjdk ls eoxldb es e dj`ldkk# lx ls yjsslfck xj jfxeld xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmk fkdknlolecjrdkvs jn xmk smevks$

59$ Hlvkoxl~k 699;*>9*KO jn xmk K{vjyked Yevcle kdx edh jn xmk Oj{dolc jn 6> Joxjfkv

699; jd xmk Yvk~kdxljd jn xmk {sk jn xmk Nldedolec _|sxk` njv xmk Y{vyjsk jn @jdk|

Ce{dhkvldb edh Xkvvjvlsx Nldedoldb$ Rlxm vksykox xj oj`yedlks xmex Hlvkoxl~k

hknldks ”fkdknlolec jrdkv“ -s$ >, xj `ked –xmk dex{vec ykvsjd-s, rmj {cxlèxkc| jrdsjv ojdxvjcs xmk o{sxj`kv edh*jv xmk dex{vec ykvsjd jd rmjsk fkmecn e xvedseoxljd jv eoxl~lx| ls fkldb ojdh{oxkh$‐ Lx bjks jd xj ldhloexk xmex –xmk fkdknlolec jrdkv smeccex ckesx ldoc{hk1 -e, ld xmk oesk jn ojvyjvexk kdxlxlks1 -l, xmk dex{vec ykvsjd-s, rmj{cxlèxkc| jrds jv ojdxvjcs e ckbec kdxlx| xmvj{bm hlvkox jv ldhlvkox jrdkvsmly jv ojdxvjc j~kv e s{nnlolkdx ykvokdxebk jn xmk smevks jv ~jxldb vlbmxs ld xmex ckbec kdxlx|#

ldoc{hldb xmvj{bm fkevkv smevk mjchldbs# jxmkv xmed e oj`yed| clsxkh jd e vkb{cexkh

èvgkx xmex ls s{fakox xj hlsocjs{vk vku{lvk`kdxs ojdslsxkdx rlxm Oj``{dlx| ckblsce

xljd jv s{fakox xj ku{l~eckdx ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs7 e ykvokdxebk jn 6;+ yc{s jdksmevk smecc fk hkk`kh s{nnlolkdx xj `kkx mls ovlxkvljd7 -ll, xmk dex{vec ykvsjd-s, rmj

jxmkvrlsk k}kvolsks ojdxvjc j~kv xmk èdebk`kdx jn e ckbec kdxlx|$‐





Ojdoc{sljd

25$ Ojdslhkvldb ckbec jfclbexljds l`yjskh f| xmk ~evlj{s ckblscexljd ldnjvok ld E{sxvle# NFB# Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk# cers vkb{cexldb keom x|yk jn

oj`yed|# edh xe} vku{lvk`kdxs1 ed EB ls vku{lvkh xj yvj~lhk xmk lhkdxlx| jn lxs smevkmjchkv xj xmk vkb

lsxvexljd e{xmjvlxlks rmkvk s{om e oj`yed| mes e sldbck smevkmjchkv$Ld ecc oesks# EBs `{sx èldxeld {yxjhexk smevk vkblsxkvs ld rmlomxmk lhkdxlx| jn ecc mjchkvs jn vkblsxkvkh smevks `{sx fk ldhloexkh$ Ldehhlxljd# xmk lhkdxlx| jn ed| smevkmjchkv jrdldb `jvk xmed ;+ jn ed EB clsxkh jd e sxjog k}omedbk `{sx fk hlsocjskh xj xmk oj`yed|# xjxmk Nldedolec @evgkx E{xmjvlx|# edh xj xmk sxjog k}omedbk oj`yed|7

Bkdjsskdsomenxkd evk vku{lvkh xj èldxeld {yxjhexk vkblsxkvs jn

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lsxvexljd e{xmjvlxlks {yjd vkblsxvexljd edh {yhexks `{sx fk yvj~lhkh7

fvedomks jn njvklbd oj`yedlks evk ecsj vku{lvkh xj fk vkblsxkvkh ldxmk Nlv`kdf{om$ Njvklbd oj`yedlks me~ldb xmklv vkblsxkvkh skex ld edK{vjyked [dljd oj{dxv| edh xmklv yceok jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdx ldE{sxvle `{sx fk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om es fvedomks$ Ld jxmkv oesks# rmkd xmksk oj`yedlks me~k xmklv skex jn knnkoxl~k èdebk`kdxld E{sxvle# xmk| evk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om rmkd xmklv edd{ec

x{vdj~kv ls fk|jdh K[V 299 9997 edh

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Fkevkv smevks -XjV E$5$6,

26$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 59 jn xmk _xjog Ojvyjvexljd Eox # EBs -es rkcc es_Ks, è| omjjsk xj lss{k xmklv smevks klxmkv ld dj`ldexl~k jv fkevkv njv`$ Lxmes djx fkkd yjsslfck xj bkx ed| ldnjvèxljd vkbevhldb xmk d{`fkv jn E{sxvledoj`yedlks xmex me~k lss{kh fkevkv smevks$ [dhkv E{sxvled ckblscexljd# e ajldxsxjog oj`yed| ls djx vku{lvkh ykv sk xj lhkdxln| fkevkv smevk mjchkvs ld eccolvo{`sxedoks$

2?$ Dk~kvxmkckss# xmkvk evk xrj `komedls`s kds{vldb ldnjvèxljd jd fkevkv smevk mjchkvs“ lhkdxlxlks ls e~elcefck {dhkv okvxeld olvo{`sxedoks1




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ 6;

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nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds edh okvxeld djdnldedolec f{sldkssks edh yvjnkssljds evk s{fakox xj xmk jfclbexljds ld xmk E@C*ONX Eox # edh `{sx#xmkvknjvk# lhkdxln| o{sxj`kvs# ldoc{hldb xmjsk rmj jykd sko{vlxlks yjvxnjcljs$

28$ Xmkvknjvk# rmlck xmkvk ls dj bkdkvec vku{lvk`kdx ld E{sxvle xj lhkdxln| mjchkvs jn fkevkv smevks# xmkvk evk `komedls`s kds{vldb xmls ldnjvèxljdls e~elcefck ld sj`k olvo{`sxedoks$ Xmksk `komedls`s evk dk~kvxmkckss djxoj`yvkmkdsl~k kdj{bm xj kds{vk xmk e~elceflclx| jn ldnjvèxljd efj{x fkevkv smevk mjchkvs ld ecc slx{exljds$

2;$ H{vldb xmk oj{vsk jn lxs esskss`kdx E{sxvle mes ldhloexkh xmex jd< Nkfv{ev| 6959 xmk Oj{dolc jn @ldlsxkvs vksjc~kh xmex xmk lss{k jn fkevkv

smevks smj{ch fk vksxvloxkh xj oj`yedlks clsxkh jd e sxjog k}omedbk$ Xmlse`kdh`kdx xj xmk E{sxvled Oj`yed| cer -Oj`yed| Cer E`kdh`kdx Eox6955, mes fkkd ehjyxkh f| xmk Ome`fkv jn Vkyvkskdxexl~ks jd 2 A{c| 6955 f{xoeddjx fk xegkd ldxj eooj{dx njv xmls esskss`kdx$

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Gj`èdhlx Bkskccsomenx ‟ GB ‟ cl`lxkh yevxdkvsmly -ss$ 59; xj 5==[BF,$ E GB ls e yevxdkvsmly njv`kh f| jdk jv sk~kvec yevxdkvs rmjevk ajldxc| edh sk~kvecc| clefck -xmk eoxl~k jv bkdkvec yevxdkvs,# edhjdk jv `jvk cl`lxkh yevxdkvs -xmk hjvèdx yevxdkvs, rmjsk cleflclx|

ls cl`lxkh xj xmk ck~kc jn xmklv ojdxvlf{xljd$ Cl`lxkh yevxdkvs oeddjx




6> ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD

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Bkskccsomenx fóvbkvclomkd Vkomxs ‟ BksfV -‐Ol~lc Cer Yevxdkvsmly‐,#ed essjolexljd jn ex ckesx xrj dex{vec ykvsjds rmj rlsm xj oj`fldkxmklv gdjrckhbk jv yvjykvx| ld e yevxlo{cev nlkch$ Xmls yevxdkvsmly{dhkv ol~lc cer ls djx e ckbec kdxlx| edh keom yevxdkv ls ajldxc| edh ldhl~lh{ecc| clefck xj xmk hkfxs jn xmk yevxdkvsmly$ E yevxdkvsmly {dhkv ol~lccer ls ksxefclsmkh f| rvlxxkd# jvec# jv l`yclkh ebvkk`kdx fkxrkkd xmk yevxdkvs# rmj è| eox ld xmklv jrd de`k jv jd fkmecn jn xmk yevxdkvsmly$ Rmlck djx me~ldb ckbec sxex{s# e BksfV ls e vkck~edx kdxlx| njv xe} y{vyjsks ld E{sxvle$ Xmk oeco{cexljd jn xmk yevxdkvsmly yvjnlx ls èhk

ex xmk yevxdkvsmly ck~kc edh n{vxmkv syclx fkxrkkd xmk yevxdkvs$ Xmkvkevk 55 999 BksfV vkblsxkvkh ld E{sxvle$

22$ E{sxvled ckblscexljd ecsj eccjrs njv xmk ovkexljd jn e sxlcck Bkskccsomenx

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jd f{sldkss edh oeddjx fk oj`yevkh xj e cl`lxkh yevxdkvsmly$ Xmkvknjvk xmkskevvedbk`kdxs evk djx {dhkv xmk sojyk jn xmk Xkv`s jn Vknkvkdok$


2=$ Eoojvhldb xj xmk E{sxvled Oj``kvolec Vkblsxkv Eox - NFB, ckbec kdxlxlks `{sx fk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om$ Xmls jfclbexljd ecsj oj~kvs JBsedh GBs -s$ 6, edh {dckss xmk| evk vkblsxkvkh# xmksk xrj x|yks jn yevxdkvsmlysoeddjx oj`k ldxj k}lsxkdok$ Xmk NFB hjks djx yvj~lhk njv e xl`knve`k xj bjxj xmk cjoec oj{vx njv vkblsxvexljd$ Mjrk~kv# rmlck xmk yevxdkvsmly ls djx vkbls

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2<$ Xmk ldnjvèxljd èldxeldkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om ldoc{hks -s$ 8 NFB,1oj``kvolec vkblsxkv d{`fkv# ojvyjvexk de`k# ckbec njv`# vkblsxkvkh jnnlok#de`k edh hexk jn flvxm jn xmk yevxdkvsmly“s vkyvkskdxexl~k$ Ld ehhlxljd# xmklhkdxlx| edh hexk jn flvxm jn ecc yevxdkvs rlxm cl`lxkh edh {dcl`lxkh cleflclx|`{sx fk kdxkvkh ld xmk f{sldkss vkblsxkv# ègldb JBs“ edh GBs“ jrdkvsmlyldnjvèxljd e~elcefck {yjd vkblsxvexljd$





=9$ Ed| kdxv| ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om ls y{fclsmkh ld xmk Jnnlolec Beqkxxk jn xmk Rlkdkv Qklx{db -s$ 59 Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk,$ Xmls y{fcloexljd ojdxeldsxmk n{cc xk}x jn xmk kdxv| ld xmk vkblsxkv$

=5$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd ?9 jn xmk Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk# ed| omedbk xj xmkojvyjvexk de`k jv xmk vkblsxkvkh jnnlok `{sx fk vkyjvxkh xj xmk vkblsxvexljde{xmjvlxlks$ E`kdh`kdxs xj xmk vkblsxkvkh neoxs# s{om es lhkdxlxlks jn cl`lxkhedh {dcl`lxkh cleflclx| yevxdkvs# `{sx ecsj fk l``khlexkc| nlckh rlxm xmk oj{vx-s$ 59 NFB,$ Xmls `keds xmex xmk lhkdxlx| jn ecc yevxdkvs jn JBs edh GBs `{sx fk gkyx {yxjhexk ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om$

=6$ BksfV evk djx vku{lvkh f| cer xj fk vkblsxkvkh klxmkv ld xmk Nlv`kdf{omjv ld ed| jxmkv y{fclo vkblsxkv$

Ldnjvèxljd mkch f| yevxdkvsmlys=?$ Xmkvk ls dj jfclbexljd {dhkv E{sxvled ckblscexljd njv JBs# GBs edhBksfV xj èldxeld vkblsxkvs jn yevxdkvs$

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=8$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljds 55< edh 569 jn xmk Nlsoec Ojhk - FEJ,# xe}ye|kvs`{sx1

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=;$ Njv vkblsxvexljd f| xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks# ecc yevxdkvsmlys `{sx nlcke – kvn 5>‐ njv`$ Xmls jfclbexljd oj~kvs JB# GB edh BksfV$ Es ldhloexkhjd xmls vkblsxvexljd njv`# e ojy| jn xmk evxlocks jn essjolexljd*yevxdkvsmlysxex{xks `{sx fk yvj~lhkh xj xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks55$ Ld ehhlxljd# xmk lhkdxlx|jn ed| yevxdkvs `{sx fk hlsocjskh$ Xmk lhkdxlnloexljd ldnjvèxljd ldoc{hksxmk de`k jn xmk ld~ksxjv# mls*mkv hexk jn flvxm# ehhvkss edh xmk ykvokdxebk jn oeylxec mkch$

55$ Rmkvk dj rvlxxkd evxlocks jn essjolexljd k}lsx -njv ldsxedok ld xmk oesk jn eBksfV,# xmk èld ojdxkdx jn xmk jvec ebvkk`kdx `{sx ecsj fk hlsocjskh y{vs{edx

xj ss$ 55< edh 569 jn xmk FEJ$




6= ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD

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==$ Es ecc yevxdkvsmlys oevv|ldb jd f{sldkss ld E{sxvle jv vkokl~ldbldoj`k nvj` E{sxvled sj{voks evk vkck~edx kdxlxlks njv xe} y{vyjsks# xmls`keds xmex xmksk yevxdkvsmlys# rmkxmkv ldojvyjvexkh ld E{sxvle jv ld e njvklbd a{vlshloxljd# evk s{fakox xj ecc xe} vku{lvk`kdxs skx j{x ld s$ 55<-5, edh 55<-6,jn xmk FEJ$

Jrdkvsmly ldnjvèxljd mkch f| skv~lok yvj~lhkvs

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xmex esskxs evk mkch ld e nlh{olev| vkcexljdsmly# xmkd xmls ykvsjd mes xj yvj~lhkk~lhkdok jn xmk k}lsxkdok jn s{om e vkcexljdsmly ld jvhkv xj e~jlh xmk esskxs jv ed| ldoj`k hkvl~kh xmkvknvj` xj fk exxvlf{xkh xj ml` jv mkv njv xe} y{vyjsks$Xmk se`k v{ck eyyclks sl`lcevc| xj xv{sxs edh skxxcjvs$

<>$ Es kojdj`lo jrdkv jn xmk esskxs -xmk ckbec jrdkv fkldb xmk Xvk{mèdhkv ,#xmk Xvk{bkfkv `{sx vkyjvx xj xmk xe} e{xmjvlxlks ecc kevdldbs hkvl~ldb nvj` xmkXvk{medh$ Ld yevxlo{cev# e Xvk{bkfkv ls jfclbkh xj vkyjvx xj xmk xe} e{xmjvlxlksefj{x ecc neoxs vkck~edx njv mls xe}exljd -ss$ 55< edh 569 jn xmk FEJ, edh xj nlck exe} vkx{vd -s$ 5?8,$ _l`lcevc|# xmk se`k v{cks eyyc| xj xmk skxxcjv jn e xv{sx$

<2$ Xv{sxkks jv Xvk{mèdhkv vkslhkdx ld E{sxvle è| ecsj fk xe}ye|kvss{fakox xj xmk yvj~lsljds jn E{sxvled xe} cer# edh ld yevxlo{cev skoxljds 55<edh 569 jn xmk FEJ sxexldb xmex ed| ykvsjds `{sx hlsocjsk xj xmk vk~kd{ke{xmjvlxlks neoxs edh olvo{`sxedoks xmex evk slbdlnloedx njv xe}exljd edh eccldnjvèxljd dkkhkh xj hkxkv`ldk xmk xe} cleflclx| jn xmksk ykvsjds oed fkvku{ksxkh f| xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks -skk ld yevxlo{cev skoxljds 58? edh 5>5 xj5>; jn xmk FEJ n{vxmkv hksovlfkh ld skoxljd F$5 jn xmls vkyjvx,$ N{vxmkv# xmksk yjrkvs oed ecsj fk {skh xj edsrkv ldoj`ldb vku{ksxs njv ldnjvèxljd$ Xmls`keds xmex e xv{sxkk jv e Xvk{mèdhkv vkslhkdx ld E{sxvle è|# ln vku{ksxkh f| xmk E{sxvled xe} e{xmjvlxlks# fk ld e yjslxljd xj yvj~lhk ecc ldnjvèxljd jdskxxcjvs edh fkdknlolevlks jn xv{sxs edh Xvk{medh eh`ldlsxkvkh ld E{sxvle$

Ldnjvèxljd mkch f| skv~lok yvj~lhkvs

<=$ E{hlxjvs# cer|kvs# ol~lc cer djxevlks ckbec edh xe} eh~lskvs evk ecsjkdxlxlks rlxm E@C*ONX vkyjvxldb jfclbexljds {dhkv E{sxvled ckblscexljd-skk efj~k# skoxljd E$5$5, edh `{sx ykvnjv` OHH ld ed| olvo{`sxedoks$ Ldehhlxljd# fjxm dex{vec edh ckbec kdxlxlks edh vkblsxkvkh bkdkvec yevxdkvsmlys#ld yevxlo{cev rmkd fkldb ojvyjvexk ojds{cxedxs edh k}kvolsldb xmk vjck jn exv{sxkk {dhkv e xv{sx jv sl`lcev ckbec evvedbk`kdx jv kdefcldb edjxmkv ykvsjd




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xj ykvnjv` xmk enjvk`kdxljdkh vjcks evk s{fakox xj E@C*ONX vku{lvk`kdx-skk ld yevxlo{cev s$ ?>;` jn xmk BkrJ,$

<<$ Y{vs{edx xj xmk E@C*ONX ckblscexljd# rmkd e yvjnkssljdec ls vku{lvkh

xj ykvnjv` OHH# lhkdxlnloexljd jn lxs oclkdxs edh fkdknlolec jrdkvs ls vku{lvkh$Fkdknlolec jrdkv ls hknldkh es xmk dex{vec ykvsjd-s, rmj {cxlèxkc| jrd jv ojdxvjc ex ckesx 6;+ jn xmk ojdxveoxldb yevx|# jv xmk dex{vec ykvsjd jd rmjsk fkmecn e xvedseoxljd jv eoxl~lx| ls fkldb ojdh{oxkh -s$ ?>; jn BkrJ,$

Ojdoc{sljd

599$ Rmlck xmkvk evk dj bkdkvec vkblsxvexljd vku{lvk`kdxs njv xv{sxs xj fkvkblsxkvkh# e yevxlec jfclbexljd k}lsxs njv Xvk{medh rmkvk lx ls eh`ldlsxkvkh f| e cer|kv jv ol~lc cer djxev|$ N{vxmkv# xmk jfclbexljds skx j{x ld xmk FEJ

vku{lvk ed|jdk xj hlsocjsk ecc neoxs edh olvo{`sxedoks xmex evk vkck~edx njv xe}exljd ld E{sxvle edh xmls è| ldoc{hk ldnjvèxljd jd skxxcjvs edh fkdknlolevlks jn xv{sxs edh Xvk{medh $ Nldecc|# {dhkv xmk E@C*ONX vku{lvk`kdxs #xv{sx skv~lok yvj~lhkvs evk jfclbkh xj èldxeld jrdkvsmly edh lhkdxlx| ldnjvèxljd vkbevhldb xmklv oclkdxs edh xmjsk fkdknlolec jrdkvs rmj me~k ex ckesxe 6;+ ldxkvksx ld e xv{sx jv nj{dhexljd$58

Nj{dhexljds -XjV E$5$;,

595$ E{sxvled cer vkojbdlsks xmk ojdokyx jn nj{dhexljds$ E nj{dhexljd

-_xlnx{db , ls ed jvbedlsexljd ldxkdhkh xj yvj`jxk jd e cjdbxkv` -ldhknldlxk, fesls e yevxlo{cev y{vyjsk -hkslbdexkh f| xmk nj{dhkv, xmvj{bm esskxs hkhloexkh xj xmex y{vyjsk$ E{sxvled cer eccjrs njv xmk ovkexljd jn1

² y{fclo fkdknlx nj{dhexljds {dhkv xmk Nkhkvec Nj{dhexljds edh N{dhsEox - F_xNB,$ Xmksk nj{dhexljds oed jdc| fk skx {y njv omevlxefck y{v yjsks$ Xmk| è| oevv| jd e `ldjv oj``kvolec eoxl~lx| xj xmk k}xkdxxmex xmls eoxl~lx| s{yyjvxs xmk èld y{vyjsk jn xmk nj{dhexljd7 edh

58$ Hlvkoxl~k 699;*>9*KO jn xmk K{vjyked Yevcle`kdx edh jn xmk Oj{dolc jn

6> Joxjfkv 699; jd xmk Yvk~kdxljd jn xmk {sk jn xmk Nldedolec _|sxk` njv xmk

Y{vyjsk jn @jdk| Ce{dhkvldb edh Xkvvjvlsx Nldedoldb$ Rlxm vksykox xj ckbeckdxlxlks s{om es nj{dhexljds jv ckbec evvedbk`kdxs s{om es xv{sxs# xmex Hlvkoxl~k# es

l`yck`kdxkh ld E{sxvle hknldks ”fkdknlolec jrdkv“ xj `ked –-l, rmkvk xmk n{x{vk fkdknlolevlks me~k ecvkeh| fkkd hkxkv`ldkh# xmk dex{vec ykvsjd-s, rmj evk fkdknlolev| jn 6;+ jv `jvk jn xmk yvjykvx| jn e ckbec kdxlx|7 -ll, rmkvk xmk ldhl~lh{ecxmex fkdknlx nvj` xmk ckbec kdxlx| me~k |kx xj fk hkxkv`ldkh# xmk ocess jn ykvsjdsld rmjsk èld ldxkvksx xmk kdxlx| ls skx {y jv jykvexks7 -lll, xmk dex{vec ykvsjd jv

ykvsjds rmj k}kvolsk ojdxvjc j~kv 6; + jv `jvk jn xmk yvjykvx| jn e ckbec kdxlx|$‐





² yvl~exk nj{dhexljds {dhkv xmk Yvl~exk Nj{dhexljds Eox - Y_B,$ Lds{om nj{dhexljds# xmk nj{dhkv hkhloexks yvjykvx| njv yvl~exk y{vyjskshk~jlh jn ed| skcnldxkvksx$ Xmkvk ls e ckbec yvjmlflxljd rmlom yvk~kdxsnj{dhexljds nvj` oevv|ldb jd ed| oj``kvolec eoxl~lx|$

Y{fclo nj{dhexljds

Ldnjvèxljd mkch f| bj~kvd`kdx ebkdolks

596$ Rlxmld xmk `kedldb jn xmk F_xNB# nj{dhexljds evk –esskxs rlxm ckbec ykvsjdeclx| rmlom me~k fkkd ykvèdkdxc| kevèvgkh f| xmk hlvkoxljd jn xmknj{dhkv# xmk yvjokkhs jn rmlom evk ldxkdhkh njv omevlxefck jv fkdk~jckdx y{v yjsks‐ -s$ 6,$ Xmk y{vyjsk jn e y{fclo nj{dhexljd `{sx fk xj esslsx xmk dkkh|

ln lx ls njv fkdk~jckdx y{vyjsks jv# ln lx ls njv omevlxefck y{vyjsks# xmk y{vyjsk`{sx fk njv xmk oj``jd bjjh edh oed fkdknlx k~kv|jdk jv e sykolnlo ocess jn ykjyck$ Xmk cer hkk`s xmk ”oj``jd bjjh“ xj ldoc{hk fkdknlx ld vksykox jn7ldxkcckox{ec# o{cx{vec# `jvec# syjvxldb jv èxkvlec èxxkvs -s$ 6-6,,$

59?$ Xmk hkkh jn nj{dhexljd# vku{lvkh xj fk djxevlskh# `{sx ojdxeld xmknjccjrldb -s$ 8 F_xNB,1

xmk nj{dhkv“s hkocevexljd jn mls ldxkdx xj hkhloexk e yevxlo{cev esskx xjxmk ksxefclsm`kdx jn e nj{dhexljd7

hkxelc jn xmk esskxs hkhloexkh xj xmk nj{dhexljd7 hkxelcs jn xmk omevlxefck y{vyjsk7 edh

e yvjyjsec njv xmk eyyjldx`kdx jn xmk nj{dhexljd yvjxkoxjv$

598$ Jdok xmk hkkh jn nj{dhexljd ls ksxefclsmkh# lx `{sx fk yvj~lhkh f| xmknj{dhkv xj xmk Nj{dhexljds E{xmjvlx|# rmlom hkolhks rmkxmkv e ykv`lssljd xjksxefclsm xmk nj{dhexljd ls bvedxkh jv djx$ Xmls ykv`lssljd bvedxs ckbec ykvsjdeclx| xj xmk y{fclo nj{dhexljd edh xmk ksxefclsm`kdx jn xmk nj{dhexljd ls

y{fclsmkh ld xmk Jnnlolec Beqkxxk jn xmk Rlkdkv Qklx{db -s$ > F_xNB,$ N{vxmkv#xmk Nj{dhexljd E{xmjvlx| eyyjldxs xmk nj{dhexljd yvjxkoxjv$

59;$ Ld xmk sl} `jdxms njccjrldb lxs eyyjldx`kdx# xmk nj{dhexljd yvjxkoxjv `{sx s{f`lx xmk nj{dhexljd Omevxkv rmkvk xmk njccjrldb ldnjvèxljd `{sx#e`jdbsx jxmkv xmldbs# fk `kdxljdkh -s$ 59 F_xNB,1

xmk de`k edh xmk skex jn xmk nj{dhexljd7

hkxelcs jn xmk y{vyjsk jn xmk nj{dhexljd7

hkxelcs jn xmk ocess jn ykvsjds rmj evk xmk fkdknlolevlks7 edh

hkslbdexljd jn xmk nj{dhexljd“s eh`ldlsxvexl~k edh vkyvkskdxexl~k fjhlks$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ??

59>$ Xmk nj{dhexljd Omevxkv `{sx fk eyyvj~kh f| xmk Nj{dhexljds E{xmjvlx|edh xmk nj{dhexljd oeddjx oj``kdok lxs eoxl~lxlks {dxlc xmk Omevxkv mes fkkdeyyvj~kh -s$ 59 F_xNB,$

592$ Ecc y{fclo nj{dhexljds evk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk sldbck nj{dhexljd vkblsxkv èldxeldkh f| xmk @ldlsxv| jn Ldxkvljv -s$ 89 F_xNB,$ Xmk vkblsxkv ojdxeldsxmk de`k# skex edh ehhvkss jn xmk nj{dhexljd# hkxelcs jd xmk y{vyjsk jn xmknj{dhexljd edh xmk bvj{y jn fkdknlolevlks# edh xmk de`ks edh ehhvkssks jn xmkvkyvkskdxexl~ks edh k}ko{xl~ks jn xmk nj{dhexljd$ Xmls vkblsxkv ls jykd xj ed|

ykvsjd njv ldsykoxljd -s$ 89,$ Ldnjvèxljd ld xmls vkblsxkv ls gkyx ykvèdkdxc|-s$ 89-;,,$

Ldnjvèxljd e~elcefck rlxm skv~lok yvj~lhkvs

59=$ Nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds# ol~lc cer djxevlks# cer|kvs# eooj{dxedxs -ldoc{hldbrmkd xmk| oevv| j{x xvedseoxljds ld~jc~ldb nj{dhexljds, evk skv~lok yvj~lhkvsrlxm jfclbexljds {dhkv E{sxvle“s E@C*ONX ckbec nve`krjvg -skk ecsj efj~k#_koxljd E$5$5,$ [dhkv xmksk ylkoks jn ckblscexljd # skv~lok yvj~lhkvs evk jfclbkhxj èldxeld jrdkvsmly edh lhkdxlx| ldnjvèxljd vkbevhldb xmklv oclkdxs edh xmk fkdknlolec jrdkvs rlxm ex ckesx e 6;+ ldxkvksx ld e oclkdx -skk efj~k ojdoc{sljd{dhkv E$5$8,$

Ojdoc{sljd

59<$ Xmk E{sxvled ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg kds{vks xmk e~elceflclx|jn jrdkvsmly ldnjvèxljd jd y{fclo nj{dhexljds1 -l, xmk de`k jn xmk nj{dhkv ls e~elcefck ld xmk hkkh jn nj{dhexljd7 edh -ll, hkslbdexljd jn xmk nj{dhexljd“seh`ldlsxvexl~k edh vkyvkskdxexl~k fjhlks edh hkxelcs jd xmk ocess jn fkdknlolevlks `{sx fk hlsocjskh ld xmk nj{dhexljd“s Omevxkv rmlom `{sx fk yvj~lhkhxj xmk Nj{dhexljds E{xmjvlx|$

Yvl~exk nj{dhexljds

Ldnjvèxljd mkch f| bj~kvd`kdx ebkdolks

559$ E yvl~exk nj{dhexljd oed fk ksxefclsmkh f| e dex{vec jv ckbec ykvsjd-s, f| hverldb {y e nj{dhexljd hkkh$ Xmk nj{dhexljd hkkh `{sx fk ksxefclsmkhjv e{xmkdxloexkh f| e ol~lc cer djxev| -s$ 59 Y_B, edh `{sx ojdxeld# e`jdbsxjxmkvs# xmk njccjrldb ldnjvèxljd -s$ <,1

xmk y{vyjsk xj rmlom xmk esskxs evk hkhloexkh7

xmk y{vyjsk jn xmk nj{dhexljd7

xmk de`k edh ehhvkss jn xmk nj{dhkv7





xmk de`ks jn xmk `k`fkvs jn xmk fjevh jn hlvkoxjvs7 edh

xmk de`ks jn xmk `k`fkvs jn xmk s{ykv~lsjv| fjevh7

555$ Fkdknlolevlks –evk xmk yevxlks hkslbdexkh es s{om ld xmk nj{dhexljdhkkh‐ -s$ ; Y_B,$ Rmkd xmk nj{dhexljd hkkh hjks djx k}yvkssc| sxly{cexk xmkde`k jn xmk fkdknlolevlks# lx è| fk xmex xmk bvj{y jn fkdknlolevlks ls hkxelckhld xmk hkkh rmlck xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmk fkdknlolevlks xmk`skc~ks ls `kdxljdkh lded eyykdhl}# ecxkvdexl~kc| xmkvk è| fk dj hkxelcs jn xmk nj{dhexljd“s fkdknlolevlks ld xmk hkkh$

556$ Rmkvk xmk nj{dhexljd fkdknlxs xj e ocess jn ykvsjds# xmkvk ls dj jfclbexljd xj hkslbdexk xmk de`k jn keom fkdknlolev|# edh xmls bvj{y jn fkdknlolevlks oed hlvkoxc| fk gdjrd nvj` xmk y{vyjsk njccjrkh f| xmk nj{dhexljd$

55?$ Yvl~exk nj{dhexljds {sx fk vkblsxkvkh f| xmk cjoec oj{vx rmkvk xmk|me~k xmklv vkblsxkvkh jnnlok -s$ 5? Y_B edh s$ 6 NFB,$ Xmk ldnjvèxljd èldxeldkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om ldoc{hks -s$ ? NFB,1 oj``kvolec vkblsxkv d{`fkv#nj{dhexljd de`k# ckbec njv`# vkblsxkvkh jnnlok# de`k edh hexk jn flvxm jn xmknj{dhexljd vkyvkskdxexl~k-s,$ Ld ehhlxljd# edh y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 5?-?, jn xmk Y_B# ldnjvèxljd jd xmk y{vyjsk jn xmk nj{dhexljd# xmk hexk jn xmk hkkh edhjn ed| e`kdh`kdxs xj xmex hkkh edh xmk de`k edh hexk jn flvxm jn xmk `k` fkvs jn xmk s{ykv~lsjv| fjevh `{sx fk yvj~lhkh$

558$ Ed| e`kdh`kdx xj xmk ldnjvèxljd kdxkvkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om `{sx fk {yhexkh rlxmj{x hkce| -s$ 59 NFB,$

Xe} vku{lvk`kdxs

55;$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljds 55< edh 569 jn xmk Nlsoec Ojhk - FEJ,1

xe}ye|kvs `{sx hlsocjsk olvo{`sxedoks rmlom evk jn vkck~edok xj xmkk}lsxkdok edh xmk sojyk jn ed| xe} cleflclx| -s$ 55<-5,,$ Xmk hlsocjs{vksmj{ch ld yevxlo{cev fk eomlk~kh f| xe} vkx{vds# vkblsxvexljds# djxlnloexljds edh yvj~lsljd jn jxmkv ldnjvèxljd -s$ 55<-6,,7 edh

xe}ye|kvs `{sx djxln| xj xmklv xe} jnnloks ldnjvèxljd ojdokvdldb eccolvo{`sxedoks rmlom a{sxln|# omedbk jv kdh xmklv ykvsjdec xe} jfclbexljd ld vksykox jn ldoj`k xe}# ojvyjvexk xe}# ÊX edh xe}ks jd oeylxec$

55>$ Njv vkblsxvexljd f| xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks# ecc nj{dhexljds `{sx nlcke –^kvn 5;f‐ njv`$ Es ldhloexkh jd xmls vkblsxvexljd njv`# e ojy| jn xmk hkkhjn nj{dhexljd `{sx fk yvj~lhkh xj xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks$ Es e vks{cx jn xmkvku{lvk`kdxs jn xmk Ojvyjvexk Ldoj`k Xe} Eox 6959# nj{dhexljds smj{ch hlsocjsk ed| eyykdhl} xj xmk nj{dhexljd hkkh xj xmk xe} e{xmjvlxlks# xjbkxmkv rlxme ojy| jn ed| Xvk{medh {skh f| xmk nj{dhkv$ Ln xmksk hjo{`kdxs evk ecxkvkh#xmk omedbks `{sx fk djxlnlkh xj xmk xe} e{xmjvlx|$ Ld ehhlxljd# sldok Eyvlc 6955




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ?;

xmk lhkdxlx| jn ed| fkdknlolevlks djx de`kh ld xmk hkkh `{sx fk hlsocjskh xjxmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks es yvj~lhkh njv ld skoxljd ; jn xmk Y_B$ Njv nj{dhexljds skx {y fknjvk 5 Eyvlc 6955# xmk de`k jn ecc s{om fkdknlolevlks `{sx fkhlsocjskh xj xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks jd jv fknjvk ?9 A{dk 6955$

552$ Xmk eyycloexljd njv vkblsxvexljd jv xmk djxlnloexljd jn ed| omedbk xjvkblsxkvkh ldnjvèxljd `{sx fk nlck rlxmld jdk `jdxm jn xmk k~kdx vku{lvldbxmk djxlnloexljd# es hkxelckh jd xmk njv` xj fk nlckh$

Ldnjvèxljd e~elcefck rlxm skv~lok yvj~lhkvs

55=$ Nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds# ol~lc cer djxevlks# cer|kvs edh eooj{dxedxs-ldoc{hldb rmkd xmk| oevv| j{x xvedseoxljds ld~jc~ldb nj{dhexljds, evk skv~lok yvj~lhkvs rlxm jfclbexljds {dhkv E{sxvle“s E@C*ONX ckbec nve`krjvg

-skk ecsj efj~k# skoxljd E$5$5,$ [dhkv xmksk ylkoks jn ckblscexljd # skv~lok yvj~lhkvs evk jfclbkh xj èldxeld jrdkvsmly edh lhkdxlx| ldnjvèxljd vkbevhldbxmklv oclkdxs edh xmjsk fkdknlolec jrdkvs rmj me~k ex ckesx e 6;+ ldxkvksx ld eoclkdx -skk efj~k ojdoc{sljd {dhkv E$5$8,$

Ojdoc{sljd

55<$ Xmk E{sxvled ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg kds{vks xmk e~elceflclx|jn jrdkvsmly ldnjvèxljd njv yvl~exk nj{dhexljds1

xmk de`k jn xmk nj{dhkv# jn xmk fjevh jn hlvkoxjvs# edh xmk s{ykv~lsjv| fjevh ls ldhloexkh ld xmk hkkh jn nj{dhexljd jd e èdhexjv| fesls$ Xmkhkkh `{sx fk ksxefclsmkh f| e ol~lc cer djxev| rmj ls e yvjnkssljdecrlxm OHH jfclbexljds7

yvl~exk nj{dhexljds `{sx fk vkblsxkvkh ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om7 edh

njv vkblsxvexljd f| xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks# nj{dhexljds `{sx yvj~lhkxmk nj{dhexljd hkkh edh xmk lhkdxlxlks jn xmklv fkdknlolevlks$

Kdnjvok`kdx yvj~lsljds xj kds{vk e~elceflclx| jn ldnjvèxljd-XjV E$5$>,

Vkblsxvexljd vku{lvk`kdx

569$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 68 jn xmk NFB# xmk oj{vx oed# f| re| jn e nldk jn {y xj K[V ? >99# kdnjvok xmk jfclbexljds skx hjrd ld xmk eox# ldoc{hldb xmkjfclbexljds xj nlck ed eyycloexljd edh xj s{f`lx ecc dkokssev| hjo{`kdxs njv ldoc{sljd ld xmk Nlv`kdf{om$ Njv djdoj`ycledok rlxm xmls jfclbexljd rlxmldxrj `jdxms# ed ehhlxljdec nldk jn {y xj K[V ? >99 è| fk l`yjskh$




?> ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD

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566$ E{sxvled oj``kvolec ckblscexljd hjks djx ldoc{hk ed| sykolnlo sedoxljds njv EBs ln xmk| hj djx èldxeld smevk vkblsxkvs jv hj djx me~k xmklv vkblsxkvs yvjykvc| gkyx$ Mjrk~kv# EBs“ smevkmjchkvs xmex evk djx kdxkvkh jdxmk vkblsxkv evk yvkoc{hkh nvj` k}kvolsldb ed| jn xmklv vlbmxs ~lsé~ls xmkoj`yed| -s$ >5 yeve 6 EgxB,$ Ln xmk fjevh jn hlvkoxjvs jn ed EB hjks djx gkkyxmk smevk vkblsxkv# lxs `k`fkvs è| fk clefck njv ed| heèbks -s$ =8 jn xmkcer,# oj{ch fk hls`lsskh f| xmk s{ykv~lsjv| fjevh -s$ 2; yeve 8 jn xmk cer,edh è| neok ovl`ldec sedoxljds -rmkd xmk jfclbexljd xj èldxeld e smevkvkblsxkv ls fvkeomkh edh xmls fvkeom ckehs xj e nldedolec cjss xmk sedoxljd oed fk l`yvlsjd`kdx jn {y xj 59 |kevs$ _kk s$ 5;? jn xmk ykdec ojhk,$

56?$ Rmkd xmk fjevh jn e Bkdjsskdsomenx hjks djx gkky xmk vkblsxkv jn k` fkvs# e nldk {y xj K[V ? ;99 ls eyyclkh f| xmk Nlv`kdf{om$ Bkdjsskdsomenxkd“s`k`fkvs ecsj neok ld xmex slx{exljd ovl`ldec sedoxljds {y xj jdk |kev l`yvlsjd`kdx$

Xe} vku{lvk`kdxs

568$ Ecc jfclbexljds hkvl~ldb nvj` xmk FEJ evk s{yyjvxkh f| sedoxljdsxj vksykox xe} vku{lvk`kdxs# ldoc{hldb xmk yvj~lsljd jn ldnjvèxljd xj xmke{xmjvlxlks$ Ld yevxlo{cev skoxljd 555 jn xmk FEJ sexks xmex xmk Nlsoec E{xmjvlx|ls e{xmjvlskh xj oj`ykc oj`ycledok rlxm xmk nlsoec ckbec jfclbexljds f| l`yjslxljd jn e nldk djx k}okkhldb K[V ; 999$ Njv cexk s{f`lssljd jn xe} vkx{vds#e 59 + s{vomevbk e| fk eyyclkh$

56;$ Xmk Nlsoec Jnnkdoks Eox ecsj skxs j{x e vedbk jn sedoxljds rmkvk xe}jfclbexljds evk djx n{cnlcckh1

rmjk~kv ldxkdxljdecc| vkh{oks mls xe}exljd f| ~ljcexldb e h{x| jn djxlnloexljd# hlsocjs{vk jv xv{xmn{cdkss {dhkv xmk FEJ ls hkk`kh b{lcx|jn xe} k~esljd -s$ ??,$ Ld xmex oesk# xe} k~esljd ls y{dlsmefck f| e nldkjn {y xj xmk hj{fck jn xmk e`j{dx jn xe} e~jlhkh$ Ld ehhlxljd xj xmlsnldk# xmk oj{vx è| l`yjsk e o{sxjhlec skdxkdok jn {y xj xrj |kevs7

rmkvk e ykvsjd nelcs xj skcnesskss xe}ks -rmkd vku{lvkh xj hj sj,#ed eh`ldlsxvexl~k nldk jn mecn xmk e`j{dx jn xe}ks xj fk yelh è| fk

l`yjskh -s$ 8<,7




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56>$ _koxljd 86 jn xmk Y_B sxexks xmex rmjk~kv hjks djx jv hjks djx n{cc|

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562$ Eoojvhldb xj s$ 8= yeve$ 5 Dj$ ; jn xmk E{sxvled _xjog K}omedbk Eox#djdoj`ycledok rlxm xmk hlsocjs{vk vku{lvk`kdxs njv èajv mjchldbs ls xj fksedoxljdkh rlxm e nldk {y xj K[V ?9 999# {dckss xmk jnnkdok ojdsxlx{xks eovl`k rlxmld xmk oj`ykxkdok jn ovl`ldec oj{vxs$

E@C*ONX ckblscexljd

56=$ Ecc vku{lvk`kdxs oj`ldb nvj` xmk E@C*ONX nve`krjvg evk s{y yjvxkh f| eh`ldlsxvexl~k sedoxljds# {dckss xmk jnnkdok ojdsxlx{xks e ovl`k$Njv k}e`yck1

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nldks {y xj K[V 8; 999 edh hlsolycldev| sedoxljds -hkfevvldb {y xj

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nldks {y xj K[V 69 999 njv djdoj`ycledok f| oj`yedlks edh xv{sxsskv~lok yvj~lhkvs# edh dj`ldkks$

56<$ Ed| ykvsjd ld~jc~kh ld `jdk| ce{dhkvldb# rmkd xmk e`j{dx ld~jc~kh

ls j~kv K[V ;9 999 ls y{dlsmefck rlxm e xkv` jn l`yvlsjd`kdx nvj` jdk xjxkd |kevs -s$ 5>; -8, jn xmk ovl`ldec ojhk,$

Ojdoc{sljd

5?9$ E{sxvled ckblscexljd {s{ecc| yvj~lhks njv sedoxljds ld slx{exljds rmkvkxmk ldnjvèxljd vku{lvkh f| cer ls djx gkyx$ Xmk knnkoxl~kdkss jn xmksk `kes{vks njv kds{vldb xmk e~elceflclx| jn ldnjvèxljd rlcc fk k}e`ldkh h{vldbYmesk 6$




?= ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EÊLCEFLCLX\ JN LDNJV@EXLJD

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E$6$ Eooj{dxldb vkojvhs

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Bkdkvec vku{lvk`kdxs -XjV E$6$5,

5?5$ Xmk jfclbexljds xj gkky eooj{dxldb vkojvhs evlsk ld E{sxvle nvj` fjxm Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk -[BF, edh Xe} Ojhk - FEJ,$ Xmk se`k jfclbexljdsecsj eyyc| xj njvklbd oj`yedlks vkslhkdx ld E{sxvle# es rkcc es xj fvedomks jn njvklbd oj`yedlks# njv xmk eoxl~lxlks xmk| oevv| jd ld E{sxvle$

5?6$ Eoojvhldb xj skoxljd 5<9 jn xmk [BF# f{sldkssks evk vku{lvkh xj gkky fjjgs edh vkojvhs ld jvhkv xj vkxveok xmklv xvedseoxljds edh xj kdefck xmklv nldedolec yjslxljd xj fk ksxefclsmkh$ Xmksk eooj{dxldb vkojvhs `{sx ykv`lx

vkojdsxv{oxljd jn xmk ldhl~lh{ec f{sldkss xvedseoxljds$ Xmk kdxvlks ld eooj{dxldb fjjgs smj{ch fk èhk omvjdjcjbloecc| smj{ch fk oj`yckxk edh èhk ld e ojvvkox edh xl`kc| nesmljd$ Dj kdxv| è| fk ecxkvkh ld e èddkv rmlom dj cjdbkv ykv`lxs xmk jvlbldec ojdxkdx xj fk esokvxeldkh -yevebveyms ? edh 8 jn s$ 5<9,$

5??$ Xmk vku{lvk`kdxs skx j{x ld xmk [BF eyyc| xj1

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ed| jxmkv f{sldkssks rmjsk x{vdj~kv ls efj~k K[V 299 999 e |kev$




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5?8$ _koxljd 568 jn xmk FEJ sxexks xmex rmjk~kv fkevs ed jfclbexljd {dhkv xmk [BF jv jxmkv yvj~lsljds jn cer xj gkky edh vkxeld fjjgs edh vkojvhs `{sxecsj gkky xmls ldnjvèxljd njv xe} y{vyjsks$

5?;$ Ld ehhlxljd# y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 56; jn xmk FEJ# ecc ebvlo{cx{vec# njvksxv| edh oj``kvolec f{sldkssks `{sx gkky fjjgs edh vkojvhs1

xmk| me~k e x{vdj~kv k}okkhldb K[V 899 999 njv xrj s{ookssl~koeckdhev |kevs7 jv

xmklv ~ec{k5; k}okkhs K[V 5;9 999 es jn 5 Aed{ev| jn ed| |kev$

5?>$ Xmksk jfclbexljds vkcexk xj ed| x|yk jn kdxlx| rmexk~kv lxs ckbec njv`$Fjjgs edh vkojvhs xj fk gkyx `{sx kds{vk xmk yvkyevexljd jn nldedolec sxexk`kdxs edh xmk edd{ec ld~kdxjvlks -s$ 56; FEJ,$ Xmksk vkojvhs `{sx fk gkyx

ld s{om e èddkv xmex xmk| evk oeyefck jn yvj~lhldb e bkdkvec ~lkr jn xmk f{sldkss xvedseoxljds edh kdefck vkojdsxv{oxljd jn xmk ldhl~lh{ec f{sldkssxvedseoxljds nvj` xmklv jvlblds xj xmklv k}ko{xljd$

5?2$ Nldecc|# edh y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 56> jn xmk FEJ# xe}ye|kvs rmj fkev ed jfclbexljd xj s{f`lx xe} vkx{vds `{sx gkky s{om vkojvhs dkokssev| njv vkojvhldb neoxs edh olvo{`sxedoks vkcexldb xj xmklv xe} cleflclx|$ Ld yevxlo{cev#rmkd s{om xe}ye|kvs evk djx vku{lvkh xj gkky fjjgs edh vkojvhs eoojvhldbxj skoxljds 568 edh 56; jn xmk FEJ# xmk| dk~kvxmkckss me~k ed jfclbexljdxj vkojvh ecc xmklv f{sldkss vkoklyxs edh hlsf{vsk`kdxs edh yvkyevk xmklv edd{ec eooj{dxs ex xmk kdh jn keom |kev njv y{vyjsks jn ldoj`k edh yvjnlx xe}

ojcckoxljd$

5?=$ Bl~kd xmex xe} vkx{vds `{sx fk nlckh f| ecc oj`yedlks edh yevxdkvsmlys -skk ss$ 5?? edh 5?8 FEJ,# xjbkxmkv rlxm oj`yvkmkdsl~k xefcks smjrldbe ockev ylox{vk jn xmk oj`yed| jv yevxdkvsmly nldedolec slx{exljd -ldoc{hldb e fecedok smkkx# e yvjnlxs edh cjssks eooj{dx edh ed ld~kdxjv|,# lx njccjrs xmex#es e vks{cx jn skoxljd 56> jn xmk FEJ# oj`yvkmkdsl~k jfclbexljds xj gkkyeooj{dxldb vkojvhs evk l`yjskh jd oj`yed| edh yevxdkvsmlys djx ecvkeh|oj~kvkh klxmkv f| xmk yvj~lsljds jn xmk [BF jv skoxljds 568 edh 56; jn xmkFEJ$

5?<$ Es vkbevhs xv{sxkks# Xvk{mèdhkv edh ed| jxmkv nlh{olev| vkcexljdsmlys#xmk èld jfclbexljds ld E{sxvle xj gkky eooj{dxldb vkojvhs oj`k nvj` xmkE{sxvled Ol~lc Ojhk -s$ 5956, vku{lvldb ykvsjds eoxldb jd fkmecn jd edjxmkv jdk xj# ld yevxlo{cev# –yvkskdx ecc eooj{dxs rmkvk hkèdhkh‐$ Xmk jfclbexljd xjgkky vkojvhs edh vkoklyxs hjks djx hkykdh jd ed| jfclbexljds {dhkv xe} cer$ Lxmes djx fkkd yjsslfck xj hkxkv`ldk xmk k}xkdx xj rmlom xmls è| fk ojdslhkvkh

5;$ – ec{k‐ smj{ch fk {dhkvsxjjh es ex xmk e`j{dx jn xmk {dlxev| ~ec{k ldovkeskh f|xmk ~ec{k jn oj``kvolec xkdedolks es e cksskk edh hkovkeskh f| xmk ~ec{k jn oj`

`kvolec ckesks es e ckssjv -ex xmk `jsx vkokdx hkxkv`ldexl~k e`j{dx xmkvkjn,$





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589$ Mjrk~kv# yvjnkssljdec xv{sxkks edh Xvk{mèdhkv evk ecsj s{fakox xj xmk

vkojvh gkkyldb vku{lvk`kdxs skx j{x ld xmk FEJ ld xmklv yvjnkssljdec oeyeolx|edh xj xmk k}xkdx xmex xmkvk ls ed jfclbexljd xj ye| xe}ks ld E{sxvle l$k$ rmkd-l, ldoj`k nvj` E{sxvled sj{vok ls hkvl~kh nvj` e xv{sx jv e Xvk{medh jv -ll, esskxs cjoexkh ld E{sxvle evk mkch xmvj{bm e nlh{olev| vkcexljdsmly$ Es ykvsjds clefck xj xe} jd xmk ldoj`k hkvl~kh nvj` e xv{sx jv Xvk{medh -s$ 68jn xmk FEJ,# skxxcjvs edh Xvk{bkfkv rmkd -l, xmk| evk vkslhkdx njv xe} y{v yjsks ld E{sxvle jv -ll, ldoj`k nvj` E{sxvled sj{vok ls vkokl~kh xmvj{bm enlh{olev| vkcexljdsmly# evk ecsj vku{lvkh xj gkky eooj{dxldb vkojvhs k}yceldldb xmk ldoj`k vkokl~kh es rkcc es kdefcldb xmk` xj nlcc j{x xmklv nldedolecsxexk`kdxs$

585$ Rmkd xmk Xvk{bkfkv jv skxxcjv ls djx vkslhkdx ld E{sxvle edh ecc esskxsmkch xmvj{bm xmk nlh{olev| vkcexljdsmly evk cjoexkh j{xslhk E{sxvle# xmkvk evkdj vkojvh gkkyldb vku{lvk`kdxs yvj~lhkh njv f| xmk E{sxvled xe} ckblscexljd$Mjrk~kv# ed| jfclbexljd {dhkv njvklbd yvj~lsljds jn cer# xmex eyyclks xj e sykolnloXvk{medh*xv{sx ld E{sxvle {dhkv xmk v{cks jn ldxkvdexljdec yvl~exk cer# rlcc ecsjxvlbbkv xmk jfclbexljd xj gkky eooj{dxs {dhkv E{sxvled xe} cer -Evx$ 568 FEJ,$

586$ _koxljd ?6 jn xmk Y{fclo Nj{dhexljds edh N{dhs Eox l`yjsks xmk jfclbexljd jd ed| nj{dhexljd xj ld~ksx esskxs jv n{dhs ld cldk rlxm xmk y{vyjsk jn xmk nj{dhexljd$ Xj xmls k}xkdx# k~lhkdok jn xmk ld~ksx`kdx `{sx fk n{vdlsmkh

xj xmk Nj{dhexljds E{xmjvlx|$ Ecc ckbec xvedseoxljds vkcexldb xj n{dhs# esskxsedh vkec yvjykvx| ecsj dkkh xmk yvljv eyyvj~ec jn xmk s{ykv~lsjv| e{xmjvlx|$Yevebveym ? jn skoxljd ?6 ecsj sxexks xmex y{fclo nj{dhexljds evk s{fakox xjeooj{dxldb v{cks edh `{sx s{f`lx# y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 58 jn xmk se`k eox# e

fecedok smkkx smjrldb ecc esskxs edh cleflclxlks rlxmld sl} `jdxms enxkv xmk kdhjn xmk eooj{dxldb ykvljh$

58?$ Yvl~exk nj{dhexljds evk s{fakox xj xmk bkdkvec eooj{dxldb vku{lvk`kdxs hkvl~ldb nvj` [BF edh `{sx xmkvknjvk gkky fjjgs edh vkojvhs -s$ 5=Yvl~exk Nj{dhexljds Eox,$ Yvl~exk nj{dhexljds evk ecsj xe}efck kdxlxlks eoojvh

ldb xj xmk FEJ edh evk n{vxmkv s{fakox xj xmk vkojvh gkkyldb vku{lvk`kdxs skxj{x ld xmls ojhk$

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588$ K}okyx ld sj`k sykolnlo slx{exljds vkcexldb xj xv{sxs edh Xvk{mèdhkv#xmk jfclbexljds ld xmk eooj{dxldb edh xe} ckblscexljd# kds{vks xmk e~elceflclx|jn eooj{dxldb vkojvhs nvj` rmlom lx ls yjsslfck xj eoo{vexkc| vk~lkr ecc xvedseoxljds# xj esskss xmk nldedolec yjslxljd jn ecc kdxlxlks# edh xj yvkyevk nldedolecsxexk`kdxs$





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xmk ojdsjclhexkh èdebk`kdx vkyjvxs# ojylks jn vkokl~kh edh skdx f{sldkssojvvksyjdhkdok edh ecc k~lhkdok {dhkvc|ldb ckhbkv kdxvlks ld xmk fjjgs$

58>$ _koxljd 5?5 jn xmk FEJ ecsj l`yjsks oj`yvkmkdsl~k jfclbexljds jded| ykvsjd jv kdxlx| vku{lvkh xj gkky eooj{dxldb vkojvhs# xj vkxeld ecc {dhkvc|ldb hjo{`kdxexljd dkkhkh xj k}yceld ecc xvedseoxljds$ Ld yevxlo{cev ecc vkojvhs`{sx fk essjolexkh rlxm vkoklyxs edh f{sldkss yeykvs$ Lx ls ecsj kdxljdkh ld xmlsskoxljd jn xmk FEJ xmex ecc vkoklyxs edh k~lhkdok essjolexkh rlxm xmk fjjgs edhvkojvhs smj{ch fk gkyx ld e èddkv jvbedlskh xj kdefck xmk ~kvlnloexljd# ex eccxl`k yjsslfck jn xmk kdxvlks$

582$ N{vxmkv# sldok E{sxvle ls ed K[ `k`fkv edh xm{s yevx| xj xmk ldxveoj``{dlx| ÊX s|sxk`# lxs f{sldkssks evk s{fakox xj sykolec vku{lvk`kdxsvkbevhldb k~lhkdok jn xvedseoxljds oevvlkh j{x$ Ld yevxlo{cev# lx ls dkokssev|xj gkky ecc hjo{`kdxs xmex oed fk {skh xj vk~lkr ldxveoj``{dlx| ncjrs jn bjjhs edh skv~loks# ldoc{hldb ld~jloks lss{kh edh vkokl~kh# bjjhs hkcl~kv|djxks# jv xmk ojdxveoxs {dhkv rmlom y{vomesks edh secks me~k fkkd ojdh{oxkh-skk s$ 5= E{sxvled êc{k Ehhkh Xe} Eox,$

58=$ Xmksk ~evlj{s vku{lvk`kdxs kds{vk xmex rmkd ed| kdxlx| ls vku{lvkh{dhkv E{sxvled ckblscexljd xj gkky eooj{dxldb vkojvhs# xmjsk vkojvhs evk

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5;9$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 5?6 jn xmk FEJ# ecc fjjgs edh vkojvhs xmex `{sx fk gkyx ld eoojvhedok rlxm xmls ojhk `{sx ecsj fk vkxeldkh njv e sk~kd |kev ykvljh$ Xmk se`k vku{lvk`kdxs eyyc| xj ecc eooj`yed|ldb hjo{`kdxexljd$







Xmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok

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5;8$ Xmk FRB -s$ 89-?,, ecsj vku{lvks xmex {dhkvxegldbs edh ykvsjds oj~kvkh f| xmk E@C*ONX jfclbexljds sxjvk1 -l, hjo{`kdxs skv~ldb xmk y{vyjskjn lhkdxlnloexljd njv ex ckesx nl~k |kevs enxkv xmk xkv`ldexljd jn xmk f{sldkssvkcexljdsmly rlxm xmk o{sxj`kv7 edh -ll, ecc hjo{`kdxexljd edh vkojvhs jn eccxvedseoxljds njv e ykvljh jn ex ckesx nl~k |kevs enxkv xmklv k}ko{xljd$

5;;$ Fedgs edh nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds xmex hj djx oj`yc|# k~kd ln jdc|dkbclbkdxc|# rlxm xmk vku{lvk`kdxs skx j{x ld skoxljd 89 jn xmk FRB evk b{lcx|jn ed eh`ldlsxvexl~k jnnkdok y{dlsmefck rlxm e xkv` jn l`yvlsjd`kdx jn {y xjsl} rkkgs jv e nldk jn {y xj K[V 2; 999 {dckss xmk eox ojdsxlx{xks e ovl`ldecjnnkdok neccldb ldxj xmk a{vlshloxljd jn xmk oj{vxs$ Fedgs edh nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds oj{ch ecsj fk omevbkh rlxm oj``lxxldb jv yevxlolyexldb ld `jdk| ce{d

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8> ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EOOK__ XJ LDNJV@EXLJD

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5>9$ Xj kds{vk xmk yvj~lsljd jn xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd# E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks oed vkc| jd sedoxljds xegldb xmk njv` jn nldks# xmk {sk jn skevom edh sklq{vk yjrkvs fkldb vksxvloxkh xj ovl`ldec oesks$ N{vxmkv sov{xld| rlcc fk bl~kd xjxmksk yjrkvs xj oj`ykc xmk yvj~lsljd jn ldnjvèxljd h{vldb xmk oj{vsk jn xmk

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F$5$ Oj`ykxkdx E{xmjvlx|“s eflclx| xj jfxeld edh yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd

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5>6$ Xj vknckox xmls omedbk edh lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk sxedhevhs# E{sxvle fvj{bmx ldxj knnkox dkr ckblscexljd jd = _kyxk`fkv 699<# xmk y{vyjsk jn rmlomls xj l`yck`kdx v{cks vkbevhldb xmk ojcckoxljd jn ldnjvèxljd njv KJL y{vyjsks$Ecxmj{bm yevxlo{cevc| ehjyxkh xj eccjr ed eookss xj fedg ldnjvèxljd ld ol~lcxe} exxkvs# xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Esslsxedok L`yck`kdxexljd Eox - EHB, eyyclksxj ecc oesks rmkvk eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok ls vku{ksxkh f| e xvkex| yevxdkv$Xm{s# rmkxmkv xmk vku{ksx vkcexks xj jrdkvsmly# eooj{dxldb# jv fedg ldnjvèxljd# xmk EHB ls xmk ojvk ckbec nve`krjvg {dhkv rmlom KJL xegks yceok$ Ld yevxlo{cev# skoxljd 6-5, ockevc| sxexks xmex –ld ojddkoxljd rlxm xmk eyycloefck yvj~lsljd jn cer# xmk ld~ksxlbexl~k eoxljd dkokssev| xj hkec rlxm e njvklbd




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5>;$ Eoojvhldb xj skoxljd 58?-5, jn xmk FEJ# xmk E{sxvled xe} e{xmjvlxlksevk e{xmjvlskh xj vku{ksx ldnjvèxljd efj{x ecc xmk neoxs xmex evk vkck~edx xjk}yceld xmk l`yjslxljd jn xe}ks$ Xmk jfclbexljd xj yvj~lhk s{om ldnjvèxljdeyyclks xj ecc ykvsjds# ldoc{hldb rmkvk xmk ykvsjdec xe} jfclbexljds jn xmk

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jvbeds jn xmk _xexk jv jxmkv vkbljdec eh`ldlsxvexl~k fjh|7 skk s$ 529, rmlckjxmkvs oed vkn{sk xj fk s{``jdkh -vkcexl~ks jn xmk hknkdhedx edh ykvsjdsrmj me~k ckbec jfclbexljd jn skovko| s{om es cer|kvs jv ol~lc cer djxevlks7 skks$ 525,$

5><$ Y{vs{edx xj skoxljd 526# ed|jdk vku{lvkh xj xksxln| es e rlxdkss oedecsj# {yjd vku{ksx jn xmk nlsoec e{xmjvlxlks# fk vku{lvkh xj s{f`lx hjo{`kdxs#hkkhs edh f{sldkss vkojvhs vkcexldb xj sykolnloecc| hkslbdexkh neoxs njv ldsykoxljd$ _koxljd 52? jn xmk FEJ nldecc| sxexks xmex xmksk xksxl`jdlks è| ecsj fk yvj~lhkh ld rvlxldb$

529$ Ojdslhkvldb xmksk fvjeh yjrkvs edh xmk ~evlj{s e~kd{ks kdefcldb xmkvk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks xj bexmkv ldnjvèxljd# ed| x|yk jn jrdkvsmly jv eooj{dxldb ldnjvèxljd oed fk ojcckoxkh ld E{sxvle nvj` xe}ye|kvs jv ed| xmlvh yevxlks edh oed fk k}omedbkh {yjd vku{ksx rlxm oj{dxkvyevxs$

Fedg ldnjvèxljd -XjV F$5$5,

525$ Rmkd e vku{ksx njv fedg ldnjvèxljd ls èhk {dhkv e xvkex| ldoc{hldb yvj~lsljds sykolnloecc| yvj~lhldb njv xmk k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd#

xmkd xmk ovkhlx ldsxlx{xljd `{sx yvj~lhk xmls ldnjvèxljd rmkd sj vku{ksxkh f| xmk E{sxvled xe} e{xmjvlxlks$

526$ _koxljd ? jn xmk EHB sxexks xmex –rmkvk e vku{ksx ls s{f`lxxkh … njv xmk yvj~lsljd jn ldnjvèxljd nvj` e ovkhlx ldsxlx{xljd edh s{om ldnjvèxljd lsoj~kvkh f| fedgldb skovko| cer# xmkd xmk ovkhlx ldsxlx{xljd rmlom mjchs xmexldnjvèxljd smecc fkev ed jfclbexljd xj yvj~lhk xmk ldnjvèxljd edh xj ykv`lxldsykoxljd jn edh xj s{vvkdhkv hjo{`kdxs edh nlcks$ Xmk e{xmjvlx| oj`ykxkdxxj medhck xmk vku{ksx njv eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok ld E{sxvle smecc hkèdhxmls ldnjvèxljd xj fk yvj~lhkh rlxmj{x hkce|# skxxldb e vkesjdefck hkehcldk‐$E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks me~k eh~lskh xmex xmk yvj~lsljds jn xmk EHB edh xmk FEJ smj{ch fk vkeh xjbkxmkv$ Rmlck skoxljd# ? jn xmk EHB sykolnloecc| sxexksxmex fedgs evk vku{lvkh xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd {yjd vku{ksx jn xmk vk~kd{ke{xmjvlxlks# xmk yvjokh{vk xj ojcckox xmls ldnjvèxljd hkvl~ks nvj` xmk FEJ#edh ld yevxlo{cev nvj` skoxljd 58?$ Eoojvhldb xj xmex skoxljd# ecc xmlvh yevxlksoed fk vku{lvkh xj edsrkv ed| vku{ksx vkokl~kh nvj` xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlksedh fedg skovko| oed fk clnxkh$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EOOK__ XJ LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ 8<

[sk jn ldnjvèxljd bexmkvldb `kes{vks efskdx hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx -XjV F$5$?,

52?$ Xmk ojdokyx jn –hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx‐ hksovlfks e slx{exljd rmkvk e

ojdxveoxldb yevx| oed jdc| yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd xj edjxmkv ojdxveoxldb yevx|ln lx mes ed ldxkvksx ld xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd njv lxs jrd xe} y{vyjsks$

528$ Xmk EHB ockevc| sxexks xmex xmk ld~ksxlbexl~k eoxljds dkokssev| xjhkec rlxm e njvklbd vku{ksx njv eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok evk ojdh{oxkh ld xmkse`k eddkv es ln xmk njvklbd xe}ks rkvk E{sxvled hj`ksxlo xe}ks$ Xmkvknjvk#ecc hj`ksxlo bexmkvldb `kes{vks hksovlfkh efj~k ld F$5$5 edh F$5$6 oed fk{skh rmkxmkv xmkvk ls e hj`ksxlo ldxkvksx ld xmk èxxkv jv djx$

Kdnjvok`kdx yvj~lsljds xj oj`ykc yvjh{oxljd edh eookss xj

ldnjvèxljd -XjV F$5$8,52;$ Xmk E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks me~k skevom edh sklq{vk yjrkvs# xmj{bmxmksk yjrkvs oed jdc| fk {sk ld ovl`ldec oesks$ Mjrk~kv xmk E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks me~k eh~lskh xmex xmls hjks djx mldhkv xmk eookss xj ldnjvèxljd ld ol~lcoesks$

52>$ Djdoj`ycledok rlxm xmk jfclbexljd xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd jd vku{ksxjn xmk xe} eh`ldlsxvexljd oed ckeh xj eh`ldlsxvexl~k nldks jn {y xj K[V ; 999-s$ 555-?, FEJ,$ Xmls sedoxljd è| eyyc| vkbevhckss jn rmkxmkv xmk vku{ksxvkcexks xj jrdkvsmly# eooj{dxldb# jv fedg ldnjvèxljd$

522$ Ld ovl`ldec yvjokh{vks xmk vkn{sec xj oj`yc| rlxm ed jvhkv xj yvj~lhk fedg ldnjvèxljd oed ckeh xj ovl`ldec sedoxljds jn {y xj K[V 59 999 jv ldl`yjvxedx oesks xj l`yvlsjd`kdx jn {y xj sl} rkkgs$ Ehhlxljdecc| e skevomrevvedx jv e ojdnlsoexljd jvhkv oj{ch fk lss{kh edh k}ko{xkh# ln dkokssev|# f|{sldb ojkvol~k `kes{vks -s$ <?-8, _xYJ,$

52=$ Xmk esskss`kdx xke` rlcc ld~ksxlbexk h{vldb xmk oj{vsk jn xmk ymesk 6vk~lkr rmkxmkv jv djx xmksk kdnjvok`kdx yvj~lsljds kds{vk xmk yvj~lsljd jn xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd ld ecc ldsxedoks$

_kovko| yvj~lsljds -XjV F$5$;,

Fedg skovko|

52<$ Xmk ckbec fesls njv fedg skovko| ld E{sxvle ls yvj~lhkh njv f| skoxljd ?=jn xmk E{sxvled Nkhkvec Fedgldb Eox - FRB,$ Xmk yvj~lsljd jn fedg skovko|è| jdc| fk e`kdhkh f| xmk Dexljdecvex -Ome`fkv jn Vkyvkskdxexl~ks, rlxmex ckesx jdk mecn jn xmk vkyvkskdxexl~ks yvkskdx edh e xrj xmlvh èajvlx| jn xmk~jxks oesx$ Eoojvhldb xj skoxljd ?=-5, jn xmk FRB# –ovkhlx ldsxlx{xljds# xmklv

`k`fkvs# `k`fkvs jn xmklv bj~kvdldb fjhlks# xmklv k`ycj|kks es rkcc es




;9 ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EOOK__ XJ LDNJV@EXLJD

ed| jxmkv ykvsjds eoxldb jd fkmecn jn ovkhlx ldsxlx{xljds `{sx djx hl~{cbk jv k}ycjlx skovkxs rmlom evk vk~keckh jv èhk eooksslfck xj xmk` k}oc{sl~kc| jdxmk fesls jn f{sldkss vkcexljds rlxm o{sxj`kvs# jv jd xmk fesls jn skoxljd 2;-?,‐-vkyjvxs jd cevbk ~ec{k ovkhlxs,$ Ln xmk k`ycj|kks jn e{xmjvlxlks es rkcc es xmkJksxkvvklomlsomk Dexljdec Fedg eou{lvk gdjrckhbk s{fakox xj fedg skovko|vku{lvk`kdxs ld xmk oj{vsk jn ykvnjv`ldb xmklv h{xlks# xmkd xmk| {sx eldxeld fedg skovko| es jnnlolec skovko|7 xmksk k`ycj|kks è| jdc| fk vkclk~kh jn xmlsjfclbexljd ld cl`lxkh olvo{`sxedoks s{om es rlxm vksykox xj E@C$ Xmk jfclbexljd xj eldxeld skovko| eyyclks njv ed ldhknldlxk ykvljh jn xl`k$

5=9$ Fedg skovko| ls clnxkh rmkvk ldnjvèxljd ls vku{lvkh njv xmk y{vyjsksjn ed KJL vku{ksx èhk {dhkv ebvkk`kdxs sykolnloecc| ldojvyjvexldb xmkldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh jd xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$ Xmlsnjccjrs nvj` xmk neox xmex1

xmksk ebvkk`kdxs k}yvkssc| ldoc{hk e yvj~lsljd xmex xmk ojdxveoxldb yevxlks è| djx hkocldk xj k}omedbk fedg ldnjvèxljd sjckc| fkoe{skxmk ldnjvèxljd ls mkch f| e fedg jv jxmkv nldedolec ldsxlx{xljd djxrlxmsxedhldb ed| ojdxvev| hj`ksxlo ckblscexljd7 edh

xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Esslsxedok L`yck`kdxexljd Eox res sykolnloecc|kdeoxkh f| E{sxvle ld 699< edh eccjrs vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks xj eookss fedg ldnjvèxljd njv KJL y{vyjsks rmkd xmk vku{ksx ls èhk {dhkv e xvkex| rmlom ldoc{hks yvj~lsljds eccjrldb njv xmk k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd$

5=5$ Xmkvknjvk# rmkvk ldnjvèxljd ls sj{bmx {dhkv ed KJL `komedlsèccjrldb njv xmk k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd# xmk E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks è|lss{k e vku{ksx hlvkoxc| xj xmk fedg xmex mjchs xmk ldnjvèxljd$ Njv eookss xjldnjvèxljd njv xmk y{vyjsks jn KJL {dhkv E{sxvle“s jxmkv ebvkk`kdxs# rmlom{y xj djr hj djx njccjr xmk JKOH sxedhevh# fedg skovko| oeddjx fk clnxkh ‟ k}okyx ld ovl`ldec oesks s{fakox xj sykolec vku{lvk`kdxs es xmjsk ebvkk`kdxshj djx ldoc{hk ed k}yvkss yvj~lsljd ku{l~eckdx xj Evxlock 6>-;, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd$ Xmls ojdokvds >? jn E{sxvle“s yevxdkvs$

Yvjnkssljdec skovko| v{cks

5=6$ Yvjnkssljdec skovko| ls yvjxkoxkh ld eoojvhedok rlxm xmk ckblscexljdbj~kvdldb xmk yvjnkssljds jn cer|kvs -s$ < VEJ,# ol~lc cer djxevlks -s$ ?2 DJ,#xe} ojds{cxedxs edh e{hlxjvs -s$ <5 RXFB, edh eooj{dxedxs -s$ 2> Flf{B,$

5=?$ Xmksk yvj~lsljds yvj~lhk njv ojdnlhkdxleclx| rlxm vksykox xj ecc èxxkvs kdxv{sxkh xj xmksk yvjnkssljdecs$ Xmls h{x| ecsj k}xkdhs xj ykvsjdec olvo{`sxedoks edh xvehk jv f{sldkss skovkxs xmex oj`k xj xmklv gdjrckhbk ld xmk ykvnjvèdok jn ed kdbebk`kdx bl~kd xj xmk`$ E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks èldxeld

xmex yvjnkssljdec skovko| v{cks hj djx vkclk~k ed| ykvsjd nvj` xmk jfclbexljd




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EOOK__ XJ LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ;5

xj hlsocjsk ldnjvèxljd eoojvhldb xj xmk yvj~lsljds jn xmk FEJ$ Ld ehhlxljd#xmksk v{cks hj djx oj~kv èxxkvs vkcexldb xj xmk xe} vkojvhs jn xmksk yvjnkssljdecs -xmklv vkojvhs oed fk e{hlxkh f| xmk E{sxvled vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks,$

5=8$ E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks me~k ecsj eh~lskh xmex eoojvhldb xj xmk oesk cerhk~kcjykh f| xmk E{sxvled _{yvk`k eh`ldlsxvexl~k oj{vx# rmkd ldnjvèxljdls oj~kvkh f| yvjnkssljdec skovko| v{cks# xe}ye|kvs me~k ldovkeskh jfclbexljdxj ojjykvexk rlxm vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks$ Ld ehhlxljd# ecc ldnjvèxljd dkokssev|njv xe} y{vyjsks è| yvlèvlc| fk vku{lvkh nvj` xmk xe}ye|kv f| xmk E{sxvledvk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks -skk ld yevxlo{cev s$ 58? jn xmk FEJ,$

5=;$ Y{vs{edx xj xmk Xkv`s jn Vknkvkdok# oj``{dloexljds fkxrkkd exxjvdk|s edh xmklv oclkdxs oed fk yvjxkoxkh# mjrk~kv lx eyykevs xmex skovko| yvj~lsljds ojdxeldkh ld E{sxvled ckblscexljd ecsj kdoj`yess jxmkv yvjnkssljds# ld yevxlo{cev eooj{dxedxs edh djxevlks$ Ld ehhlxljd# lx ls djx ockev rmkxmkv exxjvdk|s jv djxevlks eoxldb es nldedolec ldxkv`khlevlks# xv{sxkk jv Xvk{mèdhkv# evkeccjrkh {dhkv E{sxvled ckblscexljd xj hlsocjsk xj xmk vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks eccldnjvèxljd eou{lvkh ld xmjsk oeyeolxlks$ Nldecc|# nvj` fjxm xe} edh yvjnkssljdec skovko| v{cks# xmk k}xkdx xj rmlom ldnjvèxljd mkch f| cer|kvs# eooj{dxedxs jv ol~lc cer djxevlks oed fk eooksskh njv xmk y{vyjsk jn ldxkvdexljdeck}omedbks jn ldnjvèxljd ls djx ockev$


Ymesk 5 hkxkv`ldexljdXmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok# f{x okvxeld esykoxs jn xmk ckbec l`yck`kdxexljd

jn xmk kck`kdx dkkh l`yvj~k`kdx$

Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb


Vksxvloxljds jd eookss xj fedg

ldnjvèxljd yvj~lhkh njv f| E{sxvle“s

hj`ksxlo ckblscexljd ls o{vvkdxc|

j~kvvlhhkd ld vksykox jn jdc| 62 jn xmk

<9 slbdkh ebvkk`kdxs$

E{sxvle smj{ch kds{vk xmex lxs

oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| mes eookss xj

fedg ldnjvèxljd ld vksykox jn KJL

vku{ksxs èhk y{vs{edx xj ecc jn lxs

KJL ebvkk`kdxs$

Vkbevhldb xmk sojyk jn eyycloexljd jn

E{sxvled yvjnkssljdec skovko| v{cks

xmkvk evk sj`k {dokvxeldxlks es xj

rmkxmkv xmk k}lsxldb v{cks è| {dh{c|

cl`lx eookss xj ldnjvèxljd eou{lvkh f|

exxjvdk|s# eooj{dxedxs edh djxevlks$

E{sxvle“s yvjnkssljdec skovko| v{cks

smj{ch fk ocevlnlkh xj kds{vk xmex

xmk| evk jdc| efck xj eox es e fev

xj KJL rmkd cer|kvs# djxevlks edh

eooj{dxedxs eox ld xmklv oeyeolx| es

exxjvdk|s jv ckbec vkyvkskdxexl~ks$




;6 ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EOOK__ XJ LDNJV@EXLJD

F$6$ Djxlnloexljd vku{lvk`kdxs edh vlbmxs edh senkb{evhs

Xmk vlbmxs edh senkb{evhs -k$b $ djxlnloexljd# eyykec vlbmxs, xmex eyyc| xj ykvsjds ld xmk

vku{ksxkh a{vlshloxljd smj{ch fk oj`yexlfck rlxm knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$

Djx {dh{c| yvk~kdx jv hkce| k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd -XjV F$6$5,

5=>$ Njv xmk ebvkk`kdxs slbdkh sldok 699<# xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k EsslsxedokL`yck`kdxexljd Eox - EHB, y{fclsmkh jd = _kyxk`fkv 699< skxs j{x xmk vlbmxsedh senkb{evhs jn ykvsjds ojdokvdkh f| e vku{ksx njv ldnjvèxljd èhk f| evku{ksxldb a{vlshloxljd$

5=2$ Njv xmk ojcckoxljd jn fedg ldnjvèxljd# xmk EHB yvj~lhks njv yvkvku{lslxks xj medhck ed ldoj`ldb vku{ksx# ld yevxlo{cev# e yvljv djxlnloexljd

yvjokh{vk$ Xmls yvjokh{vk oj`yvlsks xmk njccjrldb sxkys1 rmkvk xmk ldnjvèxljd sj{bmx vkcexks xj fedg ldnjvèxljd# xmk Nkhkvec

@ldlsxv| jn Nldedok `{sx rlxmj{x hkce| djxln| xmk ldhl~lh{ec ojdokvdkh f| xmk vku{ksx xmex xmkvk mes fkkd ed ldxkvdexljdec vku{ksx njv eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok edh rmex ldnjvèxljd mes fkkd vku{ksxkh#sl`{cxedkj{sc| yvj~lhldb djxlok xj xmk ovkhlx ldsxlx{xljd -s$ 8-5, EHB,7

ld vksyjdsk xj e rkccnj{dhkh eyycloexljd f| xmk ykvsjds xj rmj`xmk njvklbd vku{ksx njv eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok vkcexks# xmk Nkhkvec@ldlsxv| jn Nldedok rlcc v{ck jd rmkxmkv xmk èxkvlec yvkvku{lslxks5>

njv yvkk`yxldb fedgldb skovko| me~k fkkd `kx -s$ 8-6, EHB,$ Xmk y{vyjsk jn xmls yvkedec|sls jn xmk vku{ksx ls xj kds{vk xmex xmk ldoj`ldb vku{ksx ls njvkskkefc| vkck~edx edh xmkvknjvk xmex eh`ldlsxvexl~kesslsxedok oed fk bvedxkh f| E{sxvle7

xmk ldhl~lh{ec ojdokvdkh oed skdh xj xmk Nkhkvec @ldlsxv| jn Nldedoked eyycloexljd njv ed eh`ldlsxvexl~k djxlok ojdxeldldb e hkxkv`ldexljd jn xmk èxkvlec yvkvku{lslxks$ Xmls `{sx fk skdx jd jv fknjvk xmkkdh jn xrj rkkgs njccjrldb djxlnloexljd jn xmk ennkoxkh ykvsjds$ Xmexe{xmjvlx| `{sx# ld xmex oesk# lss{k e hkolsljd jn nlvsx edh cesx ldsxedok-s$ 8-6, EHB,7

njccjrldb k}ylv| jn xmk eyycloexljd ykvljh jv# ld xmk k~kdx jn ed eyycloexljd njv e hkxkv`ldexljd f| eh`ldlsxvexl~k djxlok# {yjd k}ylv| jn e sl}rkkg ykvljh nvj` xmk hexk xmk djxlok res skv~kh# xmk Nkhkvec@ldlsxv| jn Nldedok rlcc oj`yc| rlxmj{x hkce| rlxm xmk njvklbdvku{ksx njv eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok -s$ 8-?, jn xmk EHB,7 edh

5>$ L$k$ ld yevxlo{cev xmex xmk lhkdxlx| jn xmk ykvsjd {dhkv k}e`ldexljd es rkcc es# ld55 HXOs# xj xmk k}xkdx gdjrd xmk de`k edh xmk ehhvkss jn ed| ykvsjd fkclk~khxj fk ld yjsskssljd jn xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd jv# ld 56 HXO_# xmk de`k edh

xmk ehhvkss jn xmls ykvsjd me~k fkkd yvj~lhkh$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 EOOK__ XJ LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ;?

ld xmk k~kdx xmex ed eyykec ls nlckh ebeldsx xmex eh`ldlsxvexl~k djxlok#{yjd eyycloexljd jn xmk eyykccedx# xj bvedx s{sykdsjv| knnkox xmk e{xmjvlx| `{sx erelx xmk hkolsljd jn xmk Ojdsxlx{xljdec Oj{vx jv Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Oj{vx fknjvk vksyjdhldb xj xmk KJL vku{ksx$ Ln xmk oj{vx vkn{sks xjbvedx s{sykdsjv| knnkox xmk oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| è| l``khlexkc| enxkv xmex hkolsljd s{f`lx xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd xj xmk vku{ksxldb sxexkrlxmj{x erelxldb xmk nldec hkolsljd jn xmk oj{vx -s$ 8-?,,$

5==$ Lx ls djxkh xmex xmk yvljv djxlnloexljd yvjokh{vk l`yck`kdxkh f|E{sxvle rlxm xmk EHB mes e sojyk vksxvloxkh xj eookss xj fedg ldnjvèxljd$Eookss xj jrdkvsmly edh eooj{dxldb ldnjvèxljd ls djx ennkoxkh f| xmls yvjokh{vk$ Mjrk~kv# rmlck vksxvloxkh ld lxs sojyk# xmls yvjokh{vk hjks djx eccjred| k}okyxljd es xmk cer ockevc| sxexks xmex –xmk e{xmjvlx| oj`ykxkdx xj medhckxmk eh`ldlsxvexl~k esslsxedok yvjokkhldbs … `{sx rlxmj{x hkce| djxln| xmk

ldhl~lh{ecs‐$5=<$ Xmk Bcjfec Njv{`“s Xkv`s jn Vknkvkdok ockevc| sxexk xmex –djxlnloexljd v{cks smj{ch ykv`lx k}okyxljds nvj` yvljv djxlnloexljd -k$b$ ld oesks ldrmlom xmk ldnjvèxljd vku{ksx ls jn e ~kv| {vbkdx dex{vk jv xmk djxlnloexljd lsclgkc| xj {dhkv`ldk xmk omedok jn s{ookss jn xmk ld~ksxlbexljd ojdh{oxkh f|xmk vku{ksxldb a{vlshloxljd,‐$ Xmksk k}okyxljds evk djx eccjrkh ld xmk E{sxvledckblscexljd$



Xmk kck`kdx ls yceok# f{x okvxeld esykoxs jn xmk ckbec l`yck`kdxexljd jn

xmk kck`kdx dkkh l`yvj~k`kdx$

Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb vkoj``kdhexljd Vkoj``kdhexljd

Xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Esslsxedok

L`yck`kdxexljd Eox jn 699< vku{lvks

xmk yvljv djxlnloexljd jn xmk ldhl~lh{ec

ojdokvdkh rmkd xmkvk ls e vku{ksx

njv fedg ldnjvèxljd edh xmls yvljv

djxlnloexljd yvjokh{vk hjks djx eccjr

njv ed| k}okyxljd$

Lx ls vkoj``kdhkh xmex okvxeld

k}okyxljds nvj` yvljv djxlnloexljd fk

ykv`lxxkh -k$b$ ld oesks ld rmlom xmk

ldnjvèxljd vku{ksxkh ls jn e ~kv|

{vbkdx dex{vk jv xmk djxlnloexljd ls

clgkc| xj {dhkv`ldk xmk omedok jn xmk

s{ookss jn xmk ld~ksxlbexljd ojdh{oxkh

f| xmk vku{ksxldb a{vlshloxljd,$






OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ;;

O$ K}omedbldb Ldnjvèxljd

J~kv~lkr

5<9$ A{vlshloxljds bkdkvecc| oeddjx k}omedbk ldnjvèxljd njv xe} y{vyjsks{dckss xmk| me~k e ckbec fesls jv komedls` njv hjldb sj$ Ld E{sxvle# xmk ckbece{xmjvlx| xj k}omedbk ldnjvèxljd ls hkvl~kh nvj` hj{fck xe} ojd~kdxljds-HXOs, edh xe} ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk ebvkk`kdxs -XLKEs, jdok xmk| fkoj`k yevx jn E{sxvle“s hj`ksxlo cer$ Xmls skoxljd jn xmk vkyjvx k}e`ldks rmkxmkv E{sxvle mes e dkxrjvg jn ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk ebvkk`kdxs xmex rj{ch eccjrlx xj eomlk~k knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ld yveoxlok$

5<5$ E{sxvle“s ldxkvdexljdec k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd -KJL, `komedls`soj~kv <9 yevxdkv a{vlshloxljds# => jn xmk` fkldb oj~kvkh f| hj{fck xe}exljd ojd~kdxljds -HXOs,# 8 f| xe}exljd ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk ebvkk`kdxs-XLKEs,$ Rmkvk djx {yhexkh sldok @evom 699< njccjrldb E{sxvle“s oj``lx`kdx xj xmk sxedhevh# xmksk ebvkk`kdxs hj djx eccjr njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ld oj`ycledok rlxm xmk sxedhevh$ E{sxvle oed ecsj k}omedbk ldnjvèxljdrlxm lxs K[ oj{dxkvyevxs {dhkv xmk sojyk jn xmk K[ Oj{dolc Hlvkoxl~k 22*2<<*

KKO jn 5< Hkok`fkv 5<2252 ojdokvdldb `{x{ec esslsxedok f| xmk oj`ykxkdxe{xmjvlxlks jn xmk @k`fkv _xexks ld xmk nlkch jn hlvkox xe}exljd edh xe}exljd jn lds{vedok yvk`l{`s$

5<6$ _ldok lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs njv xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd njv xe} y{vyjsks ld @evom 699<# E{sxvle

mes slbdkh = HXOs# 5; yvjxjojcs edh 8 XLKEs eccjrldb njv xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd# ldoc{hldb fedg ldnjvèxljd$ Xmk nj{v XLKEs slbdkh f| E{sxvlesxvloxc| vksykox xmk rjvhldb jn xmk JKOH @jhkc XLKE$ Ecc yvjxjojcs edh HXOsldoc{hk xmk n{cc rjvhldb jn Evxlock 6> jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd#ldoc{hldb yevebveyms 8 edh ;# s{yyck`kdxkh f| ehhlxljdec v{cks clsxldb xmkx|yk jn ldnjvèxljd xj fk yvj~lhkh f| xmk vku{ksxldb a{vlshloxljds ld lxs

52$ Xmls Hlvkoxl~k oe`k ldxj njvok jd 6? Hkok`fkv 5<22 edh ecc K[ `k`fkvs rkvkvku{lvkh xj xvedsyjsk lx ldxj dexljdec ckblscexljd f| 5 Aed{ev| 5<2<$ Lx mes fkkd

e`kdhkh sldok xmex xl`k$




;> ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD

vku{ksx njv ldnjvèxljd$ 56 jn xmksk ebvkk`kdxs# rlxm Fkcbl{`7 Fjsdle edhMkvqkbj~lde7 F{cbevle7 Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde7 C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7 Uexev7 _ed@evldj7 _kvfle7 _ldbeyjvk7 _rlxqkvcedh7 edh Xealglsxed# ldoc{hk yvj~lsljdsvku{lvldb xmk vku{ksxldb yevx| xj yvj~lhk xmk –de`k edh ehhvkss‐ jn xmk mjchkv

jn ldnjvèxljd rmkd ègldb ed KJL vku{ksx$ Xmksk vku{lvk`kdxs evk {dh{c|vksxvloxl~k edh ldojdslsxkdx rlxm xmk sxedhevh -skk Evxlock ;-;, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc XLKE edh lxs Oj``kdxev|,$

5<?$ Jn xmk 62 ebvkk`kdxs slbdkh sldok 699<# 6? me~k fkkd vexlnlkh f|E{sxvle edh evk ecvkeh| ld njvok$5= _l} jxmkvs evk erelxldb oj`yckxljd jn xmk vexlnloexljd yvjokss f| E{sxvle“s oj{dxkvyevxs$5< Ld ehhlxljd# xj bl~k xmksk xvkexlksknnkox# e dkr yvjokh{vk kds{vldb vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks me~k eookss xj ldnjvèxljdmkch f| nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds mes fkkd kdeoxkh -skk efj~k# yevx F jn xmk vkyjvx,$

5<8$ Xmk 62 KJL ebvkk`kdxs eccjrldb njv k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd#jn rmlom 5; evk xj xmk sxedhevh# oj~kv sj`k jn E{sxvle“s èld xvehldb yevxdkvsedh dklbmfjv oj{dxvlks# ld yevxlo{cev Bkvèd| edh _rlxqkvcedh$ Ld ehhlxljd#E{sxvle ls yevx| xj xmk dkr K[ Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Ojjykvexljd Hlvkoxl~k rmlomrlcc kdxkv ldxj njvok jd 5 Aed{ev| 695? edh rlcc oj~kv 5< dkr yevxdkvs$ Ld xmk`kedxl`k# E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks evk sxvjdbc| kdoj{vebkh xj ojdxld{k xj fvldb xmkE{sxvled KJL dkxrjvg xj xmk sxedhevh es 2; oj{dxkvyevxs evk sxlcc djx oj~kvkh f| ed KJL `komedls` xj xmk sxedhevh$ Ld ehhlxljd# xrj jn E{sxvle“s yevxdkvs#Ldhle edh B{kvdsk|# me~k kdxljdkh me~ldb kx hlnnlo{cxlks ld xv|ldb xj dkbjxlexk ed {yhexkh KJL `komedls` rlxm E{sxvle$ E{sxvle smj{ch ecsj kdxkv ldxj

dkbjxlexljds rlxm ecc vkck~edx yevxdkvs# `kedldb xmjsk yevxdkvs rmj evk ldxkvksxkh ld kdxkvldb ldxj ed k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd evvedbk`kdx rlxm E{sxvle$

5<;$ Keom jn E{sxvle“s ebvkk`kdxs ldoc{hks e ojdnlhkdxleclx| yvj~lsljd edhld ehhlxljd E{sxvle mes e sxvjdb hj`ksxlo ojdnlhkdxleclx| vkbl`k eyycloefck xj ykvsjds rmj ld xmk oj{vsk jn xmklv y{fclo h{xlks me~k eookss xj xe} ldnjvèxljd$ Xmk vlbmxs edh senkb{evhs yvjxkoxkh {dhkv E{sxvle“s KJL ebvkk`kdxs evkojdslsxkdx rlxm xmk sxedhevh$

5<>$ Ecxmj{bm E{sxvle mes èhk yvjbvkssks ld e smjvx ykvljh jn xl`k#me~ldb slbdkh KJL ebvkk`kdxs rlxm 62 a{vlshloxljds sldok lxs @evom 699<

oj``lx`kdx xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs# 56 jn xmksk dkr ebvkk`kdxs me~knecckd smjvx jn xmk sxedhevh ld xmk hkxelc jn sj`k jn xmklv yvj~lsljds$ Lx ls djxkhxmex E{sxvle ls o{vvkdxc| xv|ldb xj nldh sjc{xljds xj fvldb xmksk ebvkk`kdxs xjxmk sxedhevh$

5=$ Edhjvve7 Femveld7 F{cbevle7 Hkdèvg7 Blfvecxev7 Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde7 Lvkcedh7C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7 @jdeoj7 xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 _ed @evldj7 _kvfle7 _rkhkd7_rlxqkvcedh7 _ldbeyjvk7 edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$

5<$ Fkcbl{`# Fjsdle edh Mkvqkbj~lde# Nldcedh# Bkvèd|# Djvre|7 edh _eldx ^ldokdx

edh xmk Bvkdehldks$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ;2

O$5$ K}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd `komedls`s

K}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd `komedls`s smj{ch eccjr njv knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$

5<2$ E{sxvle mes ed k}xkdsl~k dkxrjvg jn KJL evvedbk`kdxs oj~kvldb <9 a{vlshloxljds$ _ldok @evom 699<# = HXOs# 5; yvjxjojcs e`kdhldb HXOs edh8 XLKEs me~k fkkd slbdkh$ Ecc xmksk `komedls`s eccjr njv xmk k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd$

5<=$ Rmkd `jvk xmed jdk ckbec ldsxv{`kdx è| skv~k es xmk fesls njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ‟ njv k}e`yck rmkvk xmkvk ls e flcexkvec ebvkk`kdxrlxm ed K[ `k`fkv rmlom ecsj eyyclks Oj{dolc Hlvkoxl~k 22*2<<*KKO ‟ xmk

yvjfck` jn j~kvcey ls bkdkvecc| ehhvksskh rlxmld xmk ldsxv{`kdxs xmk`skc~ks$69

Xmkvk evk dj hj`ksxlo v{cks ld E{sxvle vku{lvldb lx xj omjjsk fkxrkkd `kome

dls`s rmkvk lx mes `jvk xmed jdk ebvkk`kdx ld~jc~ldb e yevxlo{cev yevxdkv edh xm{s xmk oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| ls nvkk njv ed| k}omedbk xj ld~jgk ecc jn xmke~elcefck `komedls`s jv xj omjjsk xmk `jsx eyyvjyvlexk$

5<<$ Fk|jdh KJL {yjd vku{ksx ld xmk nlkch jn hlvkox xe}exljd# E{sxvle# esed K[ `k`fkv# ls yevx| xj xmk K[ EX oj``jd s|sxk` edh# es e ojdsku{kdok# xj k}omedbks jn ldnjvèxljd {yjd vku{ksx ld xmk nlkch jn ÊX xegldb yceok {dhkv xmk K[ Vkb{cexljd -KO, 52<=*699?$

Njvkskkefc| vkck~edx sxedhevh -XjV O$5$5,

699$ Xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd kd~lsebks ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk {yjd vku{ksx xj xmk rlhksx yjsslfck k}xkdx$

Dk~kvxmkckss lx hjks djx eccjr –nlsmldb k}ykhlxljds#‐ l$k$ syko{cexl~k vku{ksxsnjv ldnjvèxljd xmex me~k dj eyyevkdx dk}{s xj ed jykd ldu{lv| jv ld~ksxlbexljd$ Xmk fecedok fkxrkkd xmksk xrj oj`ykxldb ojdslhkvexljds ls oeyx{vkh ldxmk sxedhevh jn –njvkskkefck vkck~edok‐ rmlom ls ldoc{hkh ld Evxlock 6>-5, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe}exljd Ojd~kdxljd skx j{x fkcjr1

Xmk oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlxlks jn xmk ojdxveoxldb sxexks smecc k}omedbk s{omldnjvèxljd es ls njvkskkefc| vkck~edx xj xmk oevv|ldb j{x jn xmk yvj~lsljdsxmls Ojd~kdxljd jv xj xmk eh`ldlsxvexljd jv kdnjvok`kdx jn xmk hj`ksxlo cersojdokvdldb xe}ks jn k~kv| gldh edh hksovlyxljd l`yjskh jd fkmecn jn xmkojdxveoxldb sxexks jv xmklv yjclxloec s{fhl~lsljds jv cjoec e{xmjvlxlks ld sj nev es xmk xe}exljd xmkvk{dhkv ls djx ojdxvev| xj xmk Ojd~kdxljd$ Xmk k}omedbkjn ldnjvèxljd ls djx vksxvloxkh f| Evxlocks 5 edh 6$

69$ _kk ld yevxlo{cev Evxlock 62 jn xmk Oj{dolc jn K{vjyk*JKOH Ojd~kdxljd jd@{x{ec Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Esslsxedok ld Xe} @exxkvs edh Evxlock 55 jn xmk 5<22 KO

Hlvkoxl~k –Eyycloeflclx| jn rlhkvvedbldb yvj~lsljds jn esslsxedok$‐




;= ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD

695$ Jn xmk <9 xvkexlks slbdkh f| E{sxvle# 6? HXOs vknkv xj Evxlock 6>-5,edh ègk vknkvkdok xj xmk njvkskkefck vkck~edok sxedhevh es skx j{x ld xmkldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh# edh xmk 8 XLKEs slbdkh f| E{sxvle ecsj ldoc{hk s{ome vknkvkdok$

696$ Ecc yvjxjojcs jv HXOs slbdkh sldok 699< ldoc{hk xmk n{cc rjvhldb jn Evxlock 6> jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd# ldoc{hldb yevebveyms 8 edh;$ Xmls evxlock ls s{yyck`kdxkh f| e clsx jn ehhlxljdec ldnjvèxljd xmex smj{ch fk yvj~lhkh f| xmk vku{ksxldb a{vlshloxljd rmkd skdhldb e vku{ksx$ Xmksk yvj~lsljds evk feskh jd evxlock ; -;, jn xmk JKOH XLKE @jhkc $ Ld 55 jn xmkskxvkexlks -Femveld7 Hkdèvg7 Nldcedh7 Nvedok7 Bkvèd|7 Lvkcedh7 Clf|e7 xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 Djvre|7 _rkhkd7 xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`,# xmk yvj~lsljd ls xmkse`k es evxlock ; -;, jn xmk XLKE @jhkc # ld 56 jn xmk` -Fkcbl{`7 Fjsdle edhMkvqkbj~lde7 F{cbevle7 Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde7 C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7 Uexev7

_ed @evldj7 _kvfle7 _ldbeyjvk7 _rlxqkvcedh edh Xealglsxed,# xmk yvj~lsljd vku{lvks xmex xmk de`k edh ehhvkss jn xmk ykvsjd ld yjsskssljd jn xmkvku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd ld E{sxvle `{sx fk yvj~lhkh ld xmk ldoj`ldb vku{ksx$Xmksk vksxvloxljds hj djx ojdnjv` xj xmk sxedhevh$

69?$ Lx ls ecsj djxkh xmex xmksk vksxvloxljds eyyc| vkbevhckss jn xmk ldnjvèxljd sj{bmx$ Ld yevxlo{cev# lx ls dkokssev| xj yvj~lhk xmk de`k edh xmk ehhvkss jn xmk ykvsjd ld yjsskssljd jn xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd ld E{sxvle k~kd ld oesksrmkvk xmk ldnjvèxljd sj{bmx vkcexks xj jrdkvsmly jv eooj{dxldb ldnjvèxljd$Njv > jn xmksk 56 a{vlshloxljds -Fkcbl{`# F{cbevle# C{}k`fj{vb# _ldbeyjvk#

_rlxqkvcedh# edh Xealglsxed,# xmls ls e dkr hk~kcjy`kdx7 lx res djx e vku{lvk`kdx {dhkv xmk KJL yvj~lsljds jn xmk njv`kv xvkexlks ld yceok rlxm E{sxvle$

698$ Ecc jxmkv ebvkk`kdxs slbdkh f| E{sxvle edh djx |kx {yhexkh xj `kkxxmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh vknkv xj xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd rmkvk lx ls”dkokssev|“# vknkvvldb xj fjxm eyycloexljd jn xmk xvkex| edh hj`ksxlo cers$Xmk ymvesk ”es ls dkokssev|“ ls vkojbdlskh ld xmk oj``kdxev| xj Evxlock 6> jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd xj eccjr njv xmk se`k sojyk jn ldnjvèxljdk}omedbk es hjks xmk xkv` ”njvkskkefc| vkck~edx“

Ld vksykox jn ecc ykvsjds -XjV O$5$6,69;$ Njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd xj fk knnkoxl~k# lx ls dkokssev| xmex e a{vlshloxljd“s jfclbexljd xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd ls djx vksxvloxkh f| xmk vkslhkdok jv dexljdeclx| jn xmk ykvsjd xj rmj` xmk ldnjvèxljd vkcexks jv f| xmkvkslhkdok jv dexljdeclx| jn xmk ykvsjd ld yjsskssljd jv ojdxvjc jn xmk ldnjvèxljd vku{ksxkh$ Njv xmls vkesjd xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd njv xe} y{vyjsks kd~lsebks xmex k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd -KJL,`komedls`s rlcc yvj~lhk njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ld vksykox jn ecc ykvsjds$

69>$ Djdk jn xmk xvkexlks slbdkh f| E{sxvle sldok lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk

ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs evk vksxvloxkh# njv KJL y{vyjsks# f| xmk ykvsjds oj~kvkh




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ ;<

f| xmk ebvkk`kdx$ Jn xmk >? xvkexlks xmex me~k djx fkkd {yhexkh sldok 699<# ?6jn xmk` k}yclolxc| ldhloexk xmex xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ls djx vksxvloxkh f|evxlock 5 jn xmk ojd~kdxljd$

K}omedbk jn ecc x|yks jn ldnjvèxljd -XjV O$5$?,

692$ A{vlshloxljds oeddjx kdbebk ld knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ln xmk| oeddjx k}omedbk ldnjvèxljd mkch f| nldedolec ldsxlx{xljds# dj`ldkks jv ykvsjds eoxldb ld ed ebkdo| jv e nlh{olev| oeyeolx|$ Fjxm xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd edh xmk JKOH @jhkc XLKE# rmlom evk xmk e{xmjvlxexl~ksj{voks jn xmk sxedhevhs# sxly{cexk xmex fedg skovko| oeddjx njv` xmk fesls njv hkocldldb e vku{ksx xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd edh xmex e vku{ksx njv ldnjvèxljdoeddjx fk hkocldkh sjckc| fkoe{sk xmk ldnjvèxljd ls mkch f| dj`ldkks jv

ykvsjds eoxldb ld ed ebkdo| jv nlh{olev| oeyeolx| jv fkoe{sk xmk ldnjvèxljdvkcexks xj ed jrdkvsmly ldxkvksx$

69=$ Xmk 5; yvjxjojcs e`kdhldb HXOs# xmk = HXOs edh xmk 8 XLKEs slbdkh f| E{sxvle sldok lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk sxedhevhs ojdxeld yvj~lsljds sl`lcev xj yevebveym ; jn Evxlock 6> jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd$ Xmksk evk xmkxvkexlks slbdkh rlxm1 Edhjvve7 Femveld7 Fkcbl{`7 Fjsdle edh Mkvqkbj~lde7F{cbevle7 Hkdèvg7 Nldcedh7 Nvedok# Bkvèd|7 Blfvecxev7 Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde7Lvkcedh7 Clf|e7 C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7 @jdeoj7 xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 Djvre|7Uexev7 _eldx ^ldokdx edh xmk Bvkdehldks7 _ed @evldj7 _kvfle7 _ldbeyjvk7_rkhkd7 _rlxqkvcedh7 Xealglsxed7 edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$

69<$ E{sxvle oeddjx mjrk~kv k}omedbk fedg ldnjvèxljd {dhkv xmk >? HXOsxmex me~k djx fkkd {yhexkh sldok 699<$

Efskdok jn hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx -XjV O$5$8 ,

659$ Xmk ojdokyx jn –hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx‐ hksovlfks e slx{exljd rmkvk eojdxveoxldb yevx| oed jdc| yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd xj edjxmkv ojdxveoxldb yevx|ln lx mes ed ldxkvksx ld xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd njv lxs jrd xe} y{vyjsks$ Evkn{sec xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd feskh jd e hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx vku{lvk`kdx

ls djx ojdslsxkdx rlxm xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh$ KJL yevxdkvs `{sx fk efckxj {sk xmklv ldnjvèxljd bexmkvldb `kes{vks k~kd xmj{bm ld~jgkh sjckc| xjjfxeld edh yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd xj xmk vku{ksxldb a{vlshloxljd$

655$ Ecc KJL `komedls`s slbdkh f| E{sxvle sldok 699< ldoc{hk xmk rjvhldb jn Evxlock 6>-8, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd$ Mjrk~kv xrj jn xmkjchksx HXOs slbdkh f| E{sxvle# rlxm Aeyed -5<>5, edh M{dbev| -5<2>,# ecsjsxexk xmex xmk oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlxlks jn fjxm ojdxveoxldb sxexks rlcc djx s{yyc|ldnjvèxljd rmlom ls djx e~elcefck ld xmk djvèc oj{vsk jn xmk eh`ldlsxvexljd$ Dk~kvxmkckss k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd rlxm M{dbev| oed ecsj xegk yceok




>9 ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD

{dhkv xmk K[ @{x{ec Esslsxedok Hlvkoxl~k 22*2<<*KKO rmkvk dj s{om vksxvloxljds eyyc|$

656$ Xmk >? jxmkv HXOs hj djx ojdxeld ed| vknkvkdok xj xmk ”hj`ksxlo xe}

ldxkvksx“ ojdokyx f{x es yvk~lj{sc| `kdxljdkh# xmkvk ls dj hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx vku{lvk`kdx ld E{sxvle edh xmk E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks oed eookss ecc x|yks jn ldnjvèxljd# rmkxmkv xmls ldnjvèxljd ls dkkhkh njv hj`ksxlo jv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd y{vyjsks$ E{sxvle ls efck xj k}omedbk ldnjvèxljd# ldoc{hldb ldoesks rmkvk xmk ldnjvèxljd ls djx y{fcloc| e~elcefck jv rmkvk lx ls djx ecvkeh|ld yjsskssljd jn xmk bj~kvd`kdx e{xmjvlxlks$

65?$ E hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx vku{lvk`kdx è| k}lsx ld sj`k jn E{sxvle“s yevxdkv a{vlshloxljds$ Ld s{om oesks# xmk efskdok jn e sykolnlo yvj~lsljd vku{lvldb k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd {dcl`lxkh f| hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx rlcc skv~kes e cl`lxexljd jd xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd rmlom oed joo{v {dhkv xmkvkck~edx ebvkk`kdx$ Lx ls vkoj``kdhkh xmex E{sxvle ojdxld{ks lxs yvjbve` jn vkdkbjxlexljd jn HXOs ldoc{hldb ld jvhkv xj ldojvyjvexk rjvhldb ld cldk rlxmEvxlock 6>-8, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd$

Efskdok jn h{ec ovl`ldeclx| yvldolycks -XjV O$5$;,

658$ Xmk yvldolyck jn h{ec ovl`ldeclx| yvj~lhks xmex esslsxedok oed jdc| fk yvj~lhkh ln xmk ojdh{ox fkldb ld~ksxlbexkh -edh bl~ldb vlsk xj ed ldnjvèxljdvku{ksx, rj{ch ojdsxlx{xk e ovl`k {dhkv xmk cers jn xmk vku{ksxkh a{vlshlo

xljd ln lx meh joo{vvkh ld xmk vku{ksxkh a{vlshloxljd$ Ld jvhkv xj fk knnkoxl~k#k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd smj{ch djx fk ojdsxveldkh f| xmk eyycloexljd jn xmkh{ec ovl`ldeclx| yvldolyck$

65;$ Djdk jn E{sxvle HXOs jv XLKEs sykolnloecc| ldoc{hks e h{ec ovl`ldeclx| yvldolyck xj vksxvlox k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$ E{sxvle hjks djx me~k ed|hj`ksxlo ckblscexljd vks{cxldb ld eyycloexljd jn s{om e yvldolyck$

K}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ld fjxm ol~lc edh ovl`ldec xe} èxxkvs-XjV O$5$>,

65>$ Ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk è| fk vku{ksxkh fjxm njv xe} eh`ldlsxvexljd y{vyjsks edh njv xe} yvjsko{xljd y{vyjsks$ Xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh ls djxcl`lxkh xj ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk ld ovl`ldec xe} èxxkvs f{x k}xkdhs xj ldnjvèxljd vku{ksxkh njv xe} eh`ldlsxvexljd y{vyjsks -ecsj vknkvvkh xj es –ol~lcxe} exxkvs‐,$

652$ Ecc ebvkk`kdxs slbdkh f| E{sxvle# rmkxmkv slbdkh fknjvk lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs jv djx# eccjr njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljdld fjxm ol~lc edh ovl`ldec xe} èxxkvs rlxm xmk k}okyxljd jn fedgldb ldnjvèxljd ld jch ebvkk`kdxs rmkvk k}omedbks oed jdc| xegk yceok ld sj`k ovl`ldec

xe} èxxkvs$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ >5

Yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd ld sykolnlo njv` vku{ksxkh -XjV O$5$2,

65=$ Xmkvk evk dj vksxvloxljds ld E{sxvle“s xe} xvkexlks jv XLKEs xmex rj{ch yvk~kdx lx nvj` yvj~lhldb ldnjvèxljd ld e sykolnlo njv`# sj cjdb es xmls ls

ojdslsxkdx rlxm lxs jrd eh`ldlsxvexl~k yveoxloks$ Ebvkk`kdxs yvj~lhk xmex xmkldnjvèxljd `{sx fk yvj~lhkh ld xmk njv` sykolnlkh f| xmk oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| jn xmk vku{ksxldb yevx|# ldoc{hldb hkyjslxljds jn rlxdkssks edh e{xmkdxloexkh ojylks jn jvlbldec hjo{`kdxs$

65<$ Ld yevxlo{cev# skoxljds 5>< xj 52? jn xmk FEJ eccjr xmk E{sxvled vk~kd{k e{xmjvlxlks xj s{``jd sj`kjdk xj xksxln| ld rvlxldb jv jvecc|$

Ld njvok -XjV O$5$=,

669$ K}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd oeddjx xegk yceok {dckss e a{vlshloxljd mesk}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd evvedbk`kdxs ld njvok$ Xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhvku{lvks xmex a{vlshloxljds xegk ecc sxkys dkokssev| xj fvldb ldnjvèxljdevvedbk`kdxs xmex me~k fkkd slbdkh ldxj njvok k}ykhlxlj{sc|$

665$ Ld E{sxvle# ecc KJL `komedls s# evk# eoojvhldb xj evxlock ;9 jn xmkOjdsxlx{xljd# yevx jn xmk ldxkvdexljdec cer edh `{sx fk ldojvyjvexkh ldxj E{sxvled hj`ksxlo cer$ Xj fkoj`k knnkoxl~k# ecc KJL `komedls`s# klxmkv HXOs jv XLKEs# `{sx fk vexlnlkh f| fjxm Ome`fkvs jn xmk Yevcle`kdx -evx$;9-5,-5, Ojdsxlx{xljdec Cer rlxm vksykox xj eyyvj~ec f| xmk Ome`fkv jn Vkyvkskdxexl~ks7evx$;9-6,-6, njv eyyvj~ec f| xmk Ome`fkv jn _xexks,$

666$ Jn xmk 62 xvkexlks slbdkh f| E{sxvle sldok 699<# 6? me~k fkkd vexlnlkh f| E{sxvle ld efj{x jdk |kev edh 52 evk ecvkeh| ld njvok$65 Jn xmk xvkexlks ldnjvok# dldk `kkx xmk sxedhevh$

Fk bl~kd knnkox xmvj{bm hj`ksxlo cer -XjV O$5$<,

66?$ Njv ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk xj fk knnkoxl~k# xmk yevxlks xj ed KJLevvedbk`kdx dkkh xj kdeox ckblscexljd dkokssev| xj oj`yc| rlxm xmk xkv`s jn xmk evvedbk`kdx$

668$ E{sxvled e{xmjvlxlks me~k fvjeh yjrkvs xj eookss ed| x|yk ldnjvèxljd k}okyx fedgldb ldnjvèxljd$ Xj bl~k knnkox xj xmk ebvkk`kdxs slbdkhsldok @evom 699< edh lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh jn xveds yevkdo|# E{sxvle kdeoxkh ld _kyxk`fkv 699< xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Esslsxedok

65$ Edhjvve7 Femveld7 F{cbevle7 Hkdèvg7 Blfvecxev7 Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde7 Lvkcedh7C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7 @jdeoj7 xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 _ed @evldj7 _kvfle7 _rkhkd7_rlxqkvcedh7 _ldbeyjvk7 edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$ Fkcbl{`7 Fjsdle edhMkvqkbj~lde7 Nldcedh7 Bkvèd|7 Djvre|7 edh _eldx ldokdx edh xmk Bvkdehldks

evk ykdhldb$





L`yck`kdxexljd Eox# bvedxldb eookss xj fedg ldnjvèxljd njv ldxkvdexljdecKJL èxxkvs xj xmk Nkhkvec @ldlsxv| jn Nldedok$ Rmkvk xmk ebvkk`kdx ojdxelds rjvhldb egld xj Evxlock 6>-;, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd -eshkxelckh ld yevx F$5 jn xmls vkyjvx, E{sxvle“s Nkhkvec @ldlsxv| jn Nldedok oedeookss fedg ldnjvèxljd xj vksyjdh xj vku{ksxs njv ldnjvèxljd èhk {dhkv s{om evvedbk`kdxs$



Xmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok# f{x okvxeld esykoxs jn xmk ckbec l`yck`kdxexljd


Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb

vkoj``kdhexljds Vkoj``kdhexljds Es e vks{cx jn hj`ksxlo cer cl`lxexljds

rlxm vksykox xj eookss xj ldnjvèxljd

njv KJL y{vyjsks bkdkvecc| edh

eookss xj fedg ld yevxlo{cev# jdc| 5;

jn E{sxvle“s <9 slbdkh ebvkk`kdxs

yvj~lhk njv knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn

ldnjvèxljd xj xmk sxedhevh$ Jn xmksk

5; ebvkk`kdxs# < evk ld njvok$

E{sxvle smj{ch kds{vk xmex ecc lxs

ebvkk`kdxs yvj~lhk njv k}omedbk jn

ldnjvèxljd xj xmk sxedhevh$

Jn xmk 62 ebvkk`kdxs slbdkh f| E{sxvle

sldok lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk sxedhevh#56 ksxefclsm lhkdxlnloexljd vku{lvk`kdxs

njv xmk mjchkv jn ldnjvèxljd ld E{sxvle

rmlom evk ldojdslsxkdx rlxm xmk

ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh$

Ld cldk rlxm lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk

ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh# E{sxvlesmj{ch kds{vk xmex xmk lhkdxlnloexljd

vku{lvk`kdxs ld ecc jn lxs dkr KJL

`komedls`s ojdnjv` rlxm xmk


O$6$ K}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd `komedls`s rlxm ecc vkck~edx yevxdkvs

Xmk a{vlshloxljds“ dkxrjvg jn ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk `komedls`s smj{ch oj~kv

ecc vkck~edx yevxdkvs$

66;$ Xmk sxedhevhs vku{lvk xmex a{vlshloxljds k}omedbk ldnjvèxljd rlxmecc vkck~edx yevxdkvs# `kedldb xmjsk yevxdkvs rmj evk ldxkvksxkh ld kdxkvldbldxj ed ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk evvedbk`kdx$ Ebvkk`kdxs oeddjx fk ojdoc{hkhjdc| rlxm oj{dxkvyevxlks rlxmj{x kojdj`lo slbdlnloedok$ Ln lx eyykevs xmex e

a{vlshloxljd ls vkn{sldb xj kdxkv ldxj ebvkk`kdxs jv dkbjxlexljds rlxm yevxdkvs#ld yevxlo{cev jdks xmex me~k e vkesjdefck k}ykoxexljd jn vku{lvldb ldnjvèxljdnvj` xmex a{vlshloxljd ld jvhkv xj yvjykvc| eh`ldlsxkv edh kdnjvok lxs xe} cerslx è| ldhloexk e ceog jn oj``lx`kdx xj l`yck`kdx xmk sxedhevhs$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ >?

66>$ _ldok lxs oj``lx`kdx xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs# E{sxvle mes jdc|ojdoc{hkh HXOs xmex ojdxeld xk}x egld xj e n{cc ~kvsljd jn Evxlock 6> jn xmkJKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd -ldoc{hldb yevebveyms 8 edh ;,$ E{sxvle mesecsj slbdkh nj{v XLKEs rmlom evk ld cldk rlxm xmk JKOH @jhkc XLKE$

662$ E{sxvle mes ed k}xkdsl~k dkxrjvg jn KJL `komedls`s oj~kvldb <9 a{vlshloxljds# 62 jn xmk` eccjrldb njv xmk k}omedbk jn fedgldb ldnjvèxljd# k~kdxmj{bm jdc| 5; evk ld cldk rlxm xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh$66 Es yvk~lj{sc| djxkh#6? jn xmksk ebvkk`kdxs me~k ecvkeh| fkkd vexlnlkh f| E{sxvle edh 52 evk ld njvok-< jn rmlom evk ld cldk rlxm xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh,$ Xmk dkxrjvg jn slbdkhebvkk`kdxs eccjrldb njv xmk k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd oj~kvs xj hexk1

5? JKOH `k`fkvs6?7

55 jn E{sxvle“s K[ yevxdkvs687

8 jn xmk B69 `k`fkvs6;7

66 jn xmk Bcjfec Njv{` `k`fkv a{vlshloxljds6>7 edh

6 jn E{sxvle“s èld xvehldb yevxdkvs -_rlxqkvcedh edh Bkvèd|,62$

66=$ N{vxmkv`jvk# E{sxvle ls yevx| xj xmk dkr K[ Eh`ldlsxvexl~kOjjykvexljd Hlvkoxl~k ehjyxkh jd 5; Nkfv{ev| 6955$ Nvj` xmk kdxv| ldxjnjvok jn xmls ebvkk`kdx# E{sxvle rlcc me~k vkcexljdsmlys ojdslsxkdx rlxm xmksxedhevh rlxm xmk 5< K[ @k`fkv _xexks o{vvkdxc| djx oj~kvkh f| ed KJL`komedls` ld eoojvhedok rlxm xmk sxedhevh$ Xmls rlcc fvldb xmk d{`fkv jn

flcexkvec vkcexljdsmlys ojdnjv`ldb xj xmk sxedhevh xj ?8 es nvj` 5 Aed{ev|695? ex xmk cexksx$

66$ Edhjvve7 Femveld7 Hkdèvg7 Nldcedh7 Nvedok7 Bkvèd|7 Blfvecxev7 Lvkcedh7Clf|e7 @jdeoj7 xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 Djvre|7 _eldx ^ldokdx edh xmk Bvkdehldks7_rkhkd7 edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$

6?$ Fkcbl{`7 Hkdèvg7 Nldcedh7 Nvedok7 Bkvèd|7 Lvkcedh7 C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 Djvre|7 _rkhkd7 _rlxqkvcedh edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$ 5=

jxmkv JKOH `k`fkvs evk oj~kvkh f| e HXO djx `kkxldb xmk sxedhevh$68$ Fkcbl{`7 F{cbevle7 Hkdèvg7 Nldcedh7 Nvedok7 Bkvèd|7 Lvkcedh7 C{}k`fj{vb7

xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7 _rkhkd7 edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$ Ecc jxmkv K[ `k`fkvs evkoj~kvkh f| e HXO djx `kkxldb xmk sxedhevh$

6;$ Nvedok7 Bkvèd|7 @k}loj edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$ Ecc jxmkv B69 k`fkvs f{xEvbkdxlde# evk oj~kvkh f| e HXO djx `kkxldb xmk sxedhevh$

6>$ Edhjvve7 Femveld7 Fkcbl{`7 Hkdèvg7 Nldcedh7 Nvedok7 Bkvèd|7 Blfvecxev7Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde7 Lvkcedh7 C{}k`fj{vb7 @k}loj7 @jdeoj7 xmk Dkxmkvcedhs7

Djvre|7 Uexev7 _eldx ^ldokdx edh xmk Bvkdehldks7 _ed @evldj7 _ldbeyjvk7_rkhkd7 _rlxqkvcedh edh xmk [dlxkh Gldbhj`$

62$ Lxec| ls oj~kvkh f| ed ebvkk`kdx rmlom hj djx `kkx xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh$





66<$ Ld ehhlxljd xj xmk xvkexlks ecvkeh| vexlnlkh# E{sxvle# mes `kdxljdkhxmex ykdhldb dkbjxlexljds xj {yhexk xmk k}lsxldb HXOs evk {dhkvre| rlxmE{sxvecle7 Fveqlc7 Oedehe7 Omlde7 Ovjexle7 O|yv{s6=7 xmk Oqkom Vky{fclo7Bvkkok7 Ldhle7 Ldhjdksle7 Lxec|7 _j{xm Gjvke7 @ece|sle7 Dkr Qkecedh7Yjcedh7 Yjvx{bec7 Vjèdle7 xmk V{ssled Nkhkvexljd7 _e{hl Evefle7 xmk _cj~eg Vky{fclo7 _yeld7 _j{xm Envloe7 X{vgk|7 [gveldk7 edh ^lkxde`$ E yvjxjojce`kdhldb xmk HXO rlxm Bkjvble ls vkeh| njv slbdex{vk$

6?9$ E{sxvle ls eoxl~kc| rjvgldb xj n{vxmkv k}yedh lxs dkxrjvg jn ebvkk`kdxs$ Dkr HXOs evk ecsj fkldb dkbjxlexkh rlxm Evbkdxlde7 Omlck7 Kb|yx7Lokcedh7 Lsvekc7 Clkomxkdsxkld7 Jèd edh _vl Cedge edh XLKEs evk fkldbdkbjxlexkh rlxm Xmk Femeès7 Oe|èd Lscedhs7 B{kvdsk|7 Akvsk| edh Clfkvle$

6?5$ [cxlèxkc|# xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh vku{lvks xmex e a{vlshloxljdk}omedbk ldnjvèxljd rlxm ecc vkck~edx yevxdkvs# `kedldb xmjsk yevxdkvs rmjevk ldxkvksxkh ld kdxkvldb ldxj ed ldnjvèxljd ebvkk`kdx$ Ldhle eyyvjeomkhE{sxvle ld 699< ldhloexldb lxs ldxkvksx ld kdxkvldb ldxj dkbjxlexljds xj {yhexkxmk k}lsxldb HXO$ Rmlck e `kkxldb xjjg yceok ld Eyvlc 6959# lx eyykevs xmexsldok xmkd# edh hksylxk e d{`fkv jn vk`ldhkvs skdx f| Ldhle# E{sxvle mes djx

fkkd efck xj nv{lxn{cc| yvjbvkss xmls dkbjxlexljd$ B{kvdsk| mes ecsj `kdxljdkhme~ldb eyyvjeomkh E{sxvle xj ojdoc{hk e XLKE$ Ld vksyjdsk xj xmls vku{ksx#E{sxvle yvj~lhkh B{kvdsk| rlxm e hvenx XLKE ld E{b{sx 699<$ Rmlck evksyjdsk res l``khlexkc| yvj~lhkh f| B{kvdsk|# dj s{fsxedxlec vksyjdskskk`s xj me~k fkkd vkokl~kh nvj` E{sxvle sldok A{dk 6959# hksylxk s{fsk

u{kdx vk`ldhkvs$6?6$ E{sxvle e{xmjvlxlks me~k eh~lskh xmex# rlxm Ldhle# xmkvk è| fk okvxeld `ls{dhkvsxedhldbs jd xmk ojdxkdxs jn xmk E{sxvled yvjyjsec rmlom ckhxj hkce| yvjbvkss jn xmk dkbjxlexljds$ Ld xmk `kedxl`k hlso{ssljds me~k fkkdvkjykdkh rlxm Ldhle edh E{sxvle mjyks xj nldeclsk xmk` sjjd$ Es vkbevhsB{kvdsk|# e `kkxldb ld _kyxk`fkv 6955 ld ^lkdde mes fkkd ebvkkh ld jvhkv xj ocevln| xmk jykd u{ksxljds$

6=$ 5$ Njjxdjxk f| X{vgk|1 Xmk ldnjvèxljd ld xmls hjo{`kdx rlxm vknkvkdok xj§ O|yv{s · vkcexks xj xmk sj{xmkvd yevx jn xmk Lscedh$ Xmkvk ls dj sldbck e{xmjvlx|vkyvkskdxldb fjxm X{vglsm edh Bvkkg O|yvljx ykjyck jd xmk Lscedh$ X{vgk| vkojbdlqks xmk X{vglsm Vky{fclo jn Djvxmkvd O|yv{s -XVDO,$ [dxlc e cesxldb edhku{lxefck sjc{xljd ls nj{dh rlxmld xmk ojdxk}x jn xmk [dlxkh Dexljds# X{vgk| smecc

yvkskv~k lxs yjslxljd ojdokvdldb xmk –O|yv{s lss{k‐$

6$ Njjxdjxk f| ecc xmk K{vjyked [dljd @k`fkv _xexks jn xmk JKOH edh xmkK{vjyked Oj``lssljd1 Xmk Vky{fclo jn O|yv{s ls vkojbdlskh f| ecc `k`fkvs jn xmk [dlxkh Dexljds rlxm xmk k}okyxljd jn X{vgk|$ Xmk ldnjvèxljd ld xmls hjo{`kdx

vkcexks xj xmk evke {dhkv xmk knnkoxl~k ojdxvjc jn xmk Bj~kvd`kdx jn xmk Vky{fclo jn

O|yv{s$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ >;



Xmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok# f{x okvxeld esykoxs jn xmk ckbec l`yck`kdxexljd


Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb


Jn xmk <9 KJL `komedls`s ojdoc{hkh

f| E{sxvle# jdc| 5; `kkx xmk


E{sxvle smj{ch ojdxld{k xj hk~kcjy lxs

KJL dkxrjvg xj xmk sxedhevh rlxm ecc

vkck~edx yevxdkvs$

E{sxvle mes djx jd ecc jooesljds

s{ookssn{cc| yvjbvksskh dkbjxlexljds

xj ksxefclsm KJL evvedbk`kdxs rmkd

vku{ksxkh xj hj sj$

E{sxvle smj{ch eoxl~kc| rjvg xj

yvjbvkss dkbjxlexljds edh ksxefclsm

k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd ebvkk`kdxs

rlxm ecc yevxdkvs rmj evk ldxkvksxkh ldkdxkvldb ldxj ed ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk

evvedbk`kdx rlxm lx$

O$?$ Ojdnlhkdxleclx|

Xmk a{vlshloxljds“ `komedls`s njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd smj{ch me~k ehku{exk

yvj~lsljds xj kds{vk xmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| jn ldnjvèxljd vkokl~kh$

Ldnjvèxljd vkokl~kh1 hlsocjs{vk# {sk# edh senkb{evhs -XjV O$?$5,6??$ Bj~kvd`kdxs rj{ch djx kdbebk ld ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk rlxmj{x xmkess{vedok xmex xmk ldnjvèxljd yvj~lhkh rj{ch jdc| fk {skh njv xmk y{vyjsks ykv`lxxkh {dhkv xmk k}omedbk `komedls` edh xmex lxs ojdnlhkdxleclx| rj{ch fk yvkskv~kh$ Ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk ldsxv{`kdxs `{sx xmkvknjvk ojdxeld ojdnlhkdxleclx| yvj~lsljds xmex sykcc j{x sykolnloecc| xj rmj` xmk ldnjvèxljd oed

fk hlsocjskh edh xmk y{vyjsks njv rmlom xmk ldnjvèxljd oed fk {skh$ Ld ehhlxljd xj xmk yvjxkoxljds ennjvhkh f| xmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| yvj~lsljds jn ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk ldsxv{`kdxs# oj{dxvlks bkdkvecc| l`yjsk sxvlox ojdnlhkdxleclx|vku{lvk`kdxs jd ldnjvèxljd ojcckoxkh njv xe} y{vyjsks$

6?8$ Ecc xvkexlks vkokdxc| slbdkh f| E{sxvle ojdxeld e ojdnlhkdxleclx| yvj~lsljd ld cldk rlxm Evxlock 6>-6, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd$

Ed| ldnjvèxljd vkokl~kh {dhkv yevebveym 5 f| e Ojdxveoxldb _xexk smecc fk xvkexkh es skovkx ld xmk se`k èddkv es ldnjvèxljd jfxeldkh {dhkv xmk hj`ksxlo cers jn xmex _xexk edh smecc fkhlsocjskh jdc| xj ykvsjds jv e{xmjvlxlks -ldoc{hldb oj{vxs edh eh`ldlsxvexk fjhlks, ojdokvdkh rlxm xmk esskss`kdx jv ojcckoxljdjn# xmk kdnjvok`kdx jv yvjsko{xljd ld vksykox jn# xmk hkxkv`ldexljd

jn eyykecs ld vkcexljd xj xmk xe}ks vknkvvkh xj ld yevebveym 5# jv




>> ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD

xmk j~kvslbmx jn xmk efj~k$ _{om ykvsjds jv e{xmjvlxlks smecc {skxmk ldnjvèxljd jdc| njv s{om y{vyjsks$ Xmk| è| hlsocjsk xmkldnjvèxljd ld y{fclo oj{vx yvjokkhldbs jv ld a{hlolec hkolsljds$

6?;$ E{sxvle“s 5<=5 HXO rlxm xmk -njv`kv, [dljd jn _j~lkx _joleclsxVky{fclos# rmlom sxlcc eyyclks rlxm vksykox xj Xealglsxed edh X{vg`kdlsxed#ojdxelds dj yvj~lsljds xj kds{vk xmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| jn ldnjvèxljd vkokl~kh$Lx ls vkoj``kdhkh xmex E{sxvle ojdxld{ks kds{vldb xmex eyyvjyvlexk ojdnlhkdxleclx| jn ldnjvèxljd ls èldxeldkh ld k}omedbks jn ldnjvèxljd rlxmXealglsxed edh X{vg`kdlsxed$ E xvkex| rlxm Xealglsxed mes ecvkeh| fkkdslbdkh jd 2 A{dk 6955 rmlom njccjrs xmjsk ojdnlhkdxleclx| vku{lvk`kdxs

6?>$ Ld ehhlxljd# E{sxvled hj`ksxlo xe} cer ojdxelds yvj~lsljds xj kds{vkxmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| jn ldnjvèxljd k}omedbkh de`kc| e yvjnkssljdec skovko| yvj~lsljd eyycloefck xj xe} jnnlokvs# edh yvj~lsljds xj yvjxkox fjxm xmk y{fcloedh yvl~exk ldxkvksxs ld èldxeldldb ojdnlhkdxleclx| jn xe} ldnjvèxljd$_koxljd 8=e jn xmk FEJ yvj~lhks njv sxvlox skovko| jfclbexljds njv y{fclo jnnlolecs edh jxmkv ykvsjds ld~jc~kh ld xe} yvjokkhldbs$ Xmls kds{vks ojdnlhkdxleclx| oj~kvs hlsocjs{vk jn xe}ye|kvs“ vkcexkh ldnjvèxljd# hlsocjs{vk jn xmkojdxkdxs jn nlcks es rkcc es hlsocjs{vk jn xmk hkxelcs jn xe} yvjokkhldbs$

6?2$ Rmkd xmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| jfclbexljds evk djx n{cnlcckh f| e ol~lc skv~edx#skoxljd 6;5 jn xmk Nlsoec Jnnkdok Eox njvkskks xmk eyycloexljd jn xmk sedoxljds yvj~lhkh njv f| skoxljd ?59 jn xmk E{sxvled Ovl`ldec Ojhk7 l`yvlsjd`kdx njv {y xj xmvkk |kevs$

Ecc jxmkv ldnjvèxljd k}omedbkh -XjV O$?$6,

6?=$ Xmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| yvj~lsljds ld E{sxvle“s ebvkk`kdxs {sk xmksxedhevh cedb{ebk jn Evxlock 6>-6, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd edhEvxlock = jn xmk JKOH XLKE @jhkc edh hj djx hver e hlsxldoxljd fkxrkkdldnjvèxljd vkokl~kh ld vksyjdsk xj vku{ksxs edh ldnjvèxljd njv`ldb yevxjn xmk vku{ksxs xmk`skc~ks$ Es s{om# xmksk yvj~lsljds eyyc| ku{ecc| xj eccvku{ksxs njv s{om ldnjvèxljd# feogbvj{dh hjo{`kdxs xj s{om vku{ksxs# edhed| jxmkv hjo{`kdx vknckoxldb s{om ldnjvèxljd# ldoc{hldb oj``{dloexljds fkxrkkd xmk vku{ksxldb edh vku{ksxkh a{vlshloxljds edh oj``{dloexljdsrlxmld xmk xe} e{xmjvlxlks jn klxmkv a{vlshloxljd$



Xmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok$




OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD ‟ >2

O$8$ Vlbmxs edh senkb{evhs jn xe}ye|kvs edh xmlvh yevxlks

Xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd `komedls`s smj{ch vksykox xmk vlbmxs edh

senkb{evhs jn xe}ye|kvs edh xmlvh yevxlks$

K}okyxljds xj vku{lvk`kdx xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd -XjV O$8$5,

6?<$ Xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh eccjrs vku{ksxkh yevxlks djx xj s{yyc|ldnjvèxljd ld vksyjdsk xj e vku{ksx ld okvxeld lhkdxlnlkh slx{exljds$ E`jdbjxmkv vkesjds# ed ldnjvèxljd vku{ksx oed fk hkocldkh rmkvk xmk vku{ksxkhldnjvèxljd rj{ch hlsocjsk ojdnlhkdxlec oj``{dloexljds yvjxkoxkh f| exxjvdk|oclkdx yvl~lckbk$ Exxjvdk|oclkdx yvl~lckbk ls e nkex{vk jn xmk ckbec s|sxk`sjn ed| oj{dxvlks$

689$ Ecc jn xmk ebvkk`kdxs ojdoc{hkh f| E{sxvle sldok 699< ldojvyjvexkrjvhldb `jhkckh jd Evxlock 6>-6, jn xmk JKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd jv Evxlock = jn xmk JKOH @jhkc XLKE yvj~lhldb xmex vku{ksxkh a{vlshloxljds evkdjx jfclbkh xj yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd rmlom rj{ch hlsocjsk ed| xvehk# f{sldkss#ldh{sxvlec# oj``kvolec jv yvjnkssljdec skovkx jv ldnjvèxljd rmlom ls xmk s{f akox jn exxjvdk|oclkdx yvl~lckbk*ckbec yvl~lckbk jv ldnjvèxljd xmk hlsocjs{vkjn rmlom rj{ch fk ojdxvev| xj y{fclo yjclo|$


Ymesk 5 hkxkv`ldexljdXmk kck`kdx ls ld yceok$

O$;$ Xl`kcldkss jn vksyjdsks xj vku{ksxs njv ldnjvèxljd

Xmk a{vlshloxljd smj{ch yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd {dhkv lxs dkxrjvg jn ebvkk`kdxs

ld e xl`kc| èddkv$

Vksyjdsks rlxmld <9 he|s -XjV O$;$5,

685$ Ld jvhkv njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd xj fk knnkoxl~k# xmk ldnjvèxljddkkhs xj fk yvj~lhkh ld e xl`knve`k rmlom eccjrs xe} e{xmjvlxlks xj eyyc| lx xjxmk vkck~edx oesks$ Ln e vksyjdsk ls yvj~lhkh f{x jdc| enxkv e slbdlnloedx ceysk jn xl`k xmk ldnjvèxljd è| dj cjdbkv fk jn {sk xj xmk vku{ksxldb e{xmjvlxlks$ Xmlsls yevxlo{cevc| l`yjvxedx ld xmk ojdxk}x jn ldxkvdexljdec ojjykvexljd es oesks ldxmls evke `{sx fk jn s{nnlolkdx l`yjvxedok xj revvedx ègldb e vku{ksx$

686$ E vk~lkr jn xmk yveoxloec eflclx| jn E{sxvle“s oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| xjvksyjdh xj vku{ksxs ld e xl`kc| èddkv rlcc fk ojdh{oxkh ld xmk oj{vsk jn lxsYmesk 6 Vk~lkr




>= ‟ OJ@YCLEDOK RLXM XMK _XEDHEVH_1 K]OMEDBLDB LDNJV@EXLJD

Jvbedlsexljdec yvjokss edh vksj{voks -XjV O$;$6,

68?$ Xmk Nkhkvec @ldlsxv| jn Nldedok ls xmk oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| njv KJLld xmk nlkch jn hlvkox xe}exljd$ KJL `komedls`s evk dkbjxlexkh f| Hl~lsljd njv

ldxkvdexljdec xe} cer jn xmls @ldlsxv|$ E vk~lkr jn E{sxvle“s jvbedlsexljdec yvjokss edh vksj{voks ld yveoxlok rlcc fk ojdh{oxkh ld xmk ojdxk}x jn lxsYmesk 6 Vk~lkr$

[dvkesjdefck# hlsyvjyjvxljdexk jv {dh{c| vksxvloxljd ojdhlxljds njv KJL -XjV O$;$?,

688$ Xmkvk evk dj esykoxs jn E{sxvle“s ebvkk`kdxs jv lxs cers xmex eyykev xj l`yjsk ehhlxljdec vksxvloxl~k ojdhlxljds jd xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$



Xmk esskss`kdx xke` ls djx ld e yjslxljd xj k~ec{exk rmkxmkv xmls kck`kdx

ls ld yceok# es lx ld~jc~ks lss{ks jn yveoxlok xmex evk hkecx rlxm ld xmk

Ymesk 6 vk~lkr$






29 ‟ _[@@EV\ JN HKXKV@LDEXLJD_ EDH NEOXJV_ [DHKVC\LDB VKOJ@@KDHEXLJD_

Hkxkv`ldexljd

Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb


Fedgldb ldnjvèxljd smj{ch fk e~elcefck njv ecc eooj{dxmjchkvs$ -XjV E$?,

Xmk kck`kdx ls ldyceok$

Oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlxlks smj{ch me~k xmk yjrkv xj jfxeld edh yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd xmex ls xmk

s{fakox jn e vku{ksx {dhkv ed k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd evvedbk`kdx nvj` ed| ykvsjd rlxmld

xmklv xkvvlxjvlec a{vlshloxljd rmj ls ld yjsskssljd jv ojdxvjc jn s{om ldnjvèxljd -lvvksykoxl~k

jn ed| ckbec jfclbexljd jd s{om ykvsjd xj èldxeld xmk skovko| jn xmk ldnjvèxljd,$ -XjV F$5,

Xmk kck`kdx ls ld

yceok# f{x okvxeld

esykoxs jn xmk ckbec

l`yck`kdxexljd jn

xmk kck`kdx dkkh

l`yvj~k`kdx$

Vksxvloxljds jd eookss xj fedg

ldnjvèxljd yvj~lhkh njv f|

E{sxvle“s hj`ksxlo ckblscexljd

ls o{vvkdxc| j~kvvlhhkd ld

vksykox jn jdc| 62 jn xmk <9

slbdkh ebvkk`kdxs$

E{sxvle smj{ch kds{vk xmex

lxs oj`ykxkdx e{xmjvlx| mes

eookss xj fedg ldnjvèxljd

ld vksykox jn KJL vku{ksxs

èhk y{vs{edx xj ecc jn lxs KJL

ebvkk`kdxs$

Vkbevhldb xmk sojyk jn eyycl

oexljd jn E{sxvled yvjnkssljdec

skovko| v{cks xmkvk evk sj`k

{dokvxeldxlks es xj rmkxmkv xmk

k}lsxldb v{cks è| {dh{c| cl`lx

eookss xj ldnjvèxljd eou{lvkh

f| exxjvdk|s# eooj{dxedxs edh

djxevlks$

E{sxvle“s yvjnkssljdec skovko|

v{cks smj{ch fk ocevlnlkh xj

kds{vk xmex xmk| evk jdc|

efck xj eox es e fev xj KJL

rmkd cer|kvs# djxevlks edh

eooj{dxedxs eox ld xmklv

oeyeolx| es exxjvdk|s jv ckbec

vkyvkskdxexl~ks$

Xmk vlbmxs edh senkb{evhs -k$b$ djxlnloexljd# eyykec vlbmxs, xmex eyyc| xj ykvsjds ld xmk vku{ksxkh

a{vlshloxljd smj{ch fk oj`yexlfck rlxm knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$ -XjV F$6,

Xmk kck`kdx ls ld

yceok# f{x okvxeld


l`yck`kdxexljd jn

xmk kck`kdx dkkh

l`yvj~k`kdx$

Xmk Eh`ldlsxvexl~k Esslsxedok

L`yck`kdxexljd Eox jn 699<

vku{lvks xmk yvljv djxlnloexljd

jn xmk ldhl~lh{ec ojdokvdkh

rmkd xmkvk ls e vku{ksx njv

fedg ldnjvèxljd edh xmls yvljv

djxlnloexljd yvjokh{vk hjks

djx eccjr njv ed| k}okyxljd$

Lx ls vkoj``kdhkh xmex

okvxeld k}okyxljds nvj` yvljv

djxlnloexljd fk ykv`lxxkh

-k$b$ ld oesks ld rmlom xmk

ldnjvèxljd vku{ksxkh ls

jn e ~kv| {vbkdx dex{vk jv

xmk djxlnloexljd ls clgkc| xj

{dhkv`ldk xmk omedok jn xmks{ookss jn xmk ld~ksxlbexljd

ojdh{oxkh f| xmk vku{ksxldb

a{vlshloxljd,$




_[@@EV\ JN HKXKV@LDEXLJD_ EDH NEOXJV_ [DHKVC\LDB VKOJ@@KDHEXLJD_ ‟ 25

Hkxkv`ldexljd

Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb


K}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd `komedls`s smj{ch eccjr njv knnkoxl~k k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$

-XjV O$5,Xmk kck`kdx ls ld

yceok# f{x okvxeld


l`yck`kdxexljd jn

xmk kck`kdx dkkh

l`yvj~k`kdx$

Es e vks{cx jn hj`ksxlo cer

cl`lxexljds rlxm vksykox xj

eookss xj ldnjvèxljd njv KJL

y{vyjsks bkdkvecc| edh eookss

xj fedg ld yevxlo{cev# jdc| 5; jn

E{sxvle“s <9 slbdkh ebvkk`kdxs

yvj~lhk njv knnkoxl~k k}omedbk

jn ldnjvèxljd xj xmk sxedhevh$

Jn xmksk 5; ebvkk`kdxs# < evk

ld njvok$

E{sxvle smj{ch kds{vk xmex

ecc lxs ebvkk`kdxs yvj~lhk njv

k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd xj xmk

sxedhevh$

Jn xmk 62 ebvkk`kdxs

slbdkh f| E{sxvle sldok lxs

oj``lx`kdx xj xmk sxedhevh#

56 ksxefclsm lhkdxlnloexljd

vku{lvk`kdxs njv xmk mjchkv jn

ldnjvèxljd ld E{sxvle rmlom

evk ldojdslsxkdx rlxm xmk


Ld cldk rlxm lxs oj``lx`kdx

xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh#

E{sxvle smj{ch kds{vk xmex xmk

lhkdxlnloexljd vku{lvk`kdxs ld

ecc jn lxs dkr KJL `komedls`s

ojdnjv` rlxm xmk ldxkvdexljdec

sxedhevh$

Xmk a{vlshloxljds“ dkxrjvg jn ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk `komedls`s smj{ch oj~kv ecc vkck~edx

yevxdkvs$ -XjV O$6,

Xmk kck`kdx ls ld

yceok# f{x okvxeld


l`yck`kdxexljd jn

xmk kck`kdx dkkh

l`yvj~k`kdx$

Jn xmk <9 KJL `komedls`s

ojdoc{hkh f| E{sxvle# jdc|

5; `kkx xmk ldxkvdexljdec

sxedhevh$

E{sxvle smj{ch ojdxld{k xj

hk~kcjy lxs KJL dkxrjvg xj

xmk sxedhevh rlxm ecc vkck~edx

yevxdkvs$

E{sxvle mes djx jd ecc

jooesljds s{ookssn{cc|

yvjbvksskh dkbjxlexljds xj

ksxefclsm KJL evvedbk`kdxs

rmkd vku{ksxkh xj hj sj$

E{sxvle smj{ch eoxl~kc| rjvg

xj yvjbvkss dkbjxlexljds

edh ksxefclsm k}omedbk jn

ldnjvèxljd ebvkk`kdxs

rlxm ecc yevxdkvs rmj evk

ldxkvksxkh ld kdxkvldb ldxj

ed ldnjvèxljd k}omedbk

evvedbk`kdx rlxm lx$

Xmk a{vlshloxljds“ `komedls`s njv k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd smj{ch me~k ehku{exk yvj~lsljds

xj kds{vk xmk ojdnlhkdxleclx| jn ldnjvèxljd vkokl~kh$ -XjV O$?,

Xmk kck`kdx ls ld

yceok$




26 ‟ _[@@EV\ JN HKXKV@LDEXLJD_ EDH NEOXJV_ [DHKVC\LDB VKOJ@@KDHEXLJD_

Hkxkv`ldexljd

Neoxjvs {dhkvc|ldb


Xmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd `komedls`s smj{ch vksykox xmk vlbmxs edh senkb{evhs jn

xe}ye|kvs edh xmlvh yevxlks$ -XjV O$8,Xmk kck`kdx ls ld

yceok$

Xmk a{vlshloxljd smj{ch yvj~lhk ldnjvèxljd {dhkv lxs dkxrjvg jn ebvkk`kdxs ld e xl`kc|

èddkv$ -XjV O$;,

Xmk esskss`kdx xke`

ls djx ld e yjslxljd xj

k~ec{exk rmkxmkv xmls

kck`kdx ls ld yceok# es

lx ld~jc~ks lss{ks jn

yveoxlok xmex evk hkecx

rlxm ld xmk Ymesk 6

vk~lkr$




EDDK]K_ ‟ 2?

Eddk} 51 A{vlshloxljd“s Vksyjdsk xj xmk Vk~lkr Vkyjvx6<

E{sxvle mlbmc| eyyvkolexks xmk k}okcckdx rjvg xmex mes fkkd oevvlkh j{x f| xmk esskss`kdx xke` njv k~ec{exldb xmk ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg ld E{sxvle$ E{sxvle rlcc ojdxld{k xmk jdbjldb yvjokss jn vkdkbjxlexldb lxs

oj`yckxk xe} xvkex| dkxrjvg ld jvhkv xj eheyx lx oj`yckxkc| xj xmk o{vvkdxsxedhevh jn xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd$ E{sxvle rlcc xmjvj{bmc| ojdslhkv xmk vkoj``kdhexljds ldoc{hkh ld xmk nldec vkyjvx rlxm e ~lkrxj eheyx xmk` ld e yvjykv èddkv xmkvkf| ojdslhkvldb xmk yvldolycks jn ku{ecxvkex`kdx jn ecc a{vlshloxljds ojdokvdkh$

Ojdokvdldb fkevkv smevks -XjV E$5, xmk BksVÈB -–Bkskccsomenxsvkomxsèdhkv{dbsbkskxq‐, 6955 res ehjyxkh jd A{c| 2xm edh A{c| 65sx f| xmk xrjome`fkvs jn xmk dexljdec essk`fc|$ Lx rlcc kdxkv ldxj njvok jd E{b{sx 5sx 6955$Lx ojdxelds xmk njccjrldb omedbks1

Xmk vlbmx xj skckox fkxrkkd fkevkv smevks edh dj`ldec smevks jdc|k}lsxs njv oj`yedlks clsxkh -jv yceddldb xj fk clsxkh, jd e vkb{cexkhsxjog k}omedbk edh oj`yedlks rmjsk smevks smecc fk eh`lxxkh xj esxjog k}omedbk eoojvhldb xj Evx$ ? jn xmk E{sxvled _xjog OjvyjvexljdEox -Egxlkdbkskxq ‟ EgxB,$

Jxmkvrlsk# jdc| dj`ldec smevks oed fk lss{kh$ Xmk oj`yed| mes xjgkky e vkblsxkv njv lxs smevks# ojdxeldldb ldnjvèxljd jd xmk smevkmjchkvs“ lhkdxlx|# jd xmk smevkmjchkvs“ fedg eooj{dx -ln xmk oj`yed|ls djx clsxkh ex e sxjog k}omedbk, edh ‟ ln eyycloefck ‟ ldnjvèxljd

jd xmk ykvsjd mjchldb xmk smevks njv xmk smevkmjchkvs -k}okyx ln xmksmevkmjchkv ls e fedg,$ Xmls dkr yvj~lsljd smecc ecsj fk eyycloefcknjv oj`yedlks xmex ecvkeh| me~k lss{kh fkevkv smevks sj xmex xmksksmevks me~k xj fk ojd~kvxkh ldxj dj`ldec smevks$ _mevks me~k xj fkojd~kvxkh f| Hkok`fkv ?5sx 695? ex xmk cexksx -skk s$ 6>6 Yeve 6;# 62edh 6= EgxB,$

6<$ Xmls Eddk} yvkskdxs xmk A{vlshloxljd“s vksyjdsk xj xmk vk~lkr vkyjvx edh smecc djx

fk hkk`kh xj vkyvkskdx xmk Bcjfec Njv{`“s ~lkrs$




28 ‟ EDDK]K_

Xmksk omedbks kds{vk xmk lhkdxlnloexljd jn xmk smevkmjchkvs1

Xmk yvj~lsljds jd hlsocjs{vk jn èajv smevk mjchldbs -Evx$ <5 nn FþvskB, eyyc| -skk yeves$ ;= xj >9 jn xmk vkyjvx,$

Xmk smevks me~k xj fk lss{kh ld e bcjfec smevk xmex mes xj fk hkyjslxkh ex xmk okdxvec sko{vlxlks -Evx$ 5 yeve$ ? Hkyjxbkskxq*Hkyjslx Eox#l$k$ xmk Jksxkvvklomlsomk Gjdxvjccfedg,$ Xmex `keds xmex smevks oedjdc| fk mkch edh xvedsnkvvkh xmvj{bm fedg eooj{dxs$ _mevkmjchkvsoed fk lhkdxlnlkh xmvj{bm xmklv fedg hkyjslxs edh eooj{dxs# sldok xmkvksykoxl~k fedgldb vkb{cexljds eccjr edh kds{vk xmk lhkdxlnloexljd jn xmk mjchkv jn e hkyjslx edh fedg eooj{dx$

Es nev es xmk vkoj``kdhexljd njv XjV F$6 ls ojdokvdkh E{sxvle rj{chclgk xj k`ymeslsk xmex xmk k}okyxljds nvj` yvljv djxlnloexljd evk ld yvldolyck

ecvkeh| njvkskkd ld s$ 55> _xYJ -–_xvenyvjqkssjvhd{db‐,$ Mjrk~kv# xmls v{ckoj{ch jdc| fk ld~jgkh ld oj{vx yvjokkhldbs edh `lbmx xmkvknjvk fk jn vkck~edok jdc| ld ovl`ldec yvjokkhldbs ojdokvdldb xe} èxxkvs ln klxmkv ovl`ldec yvjokkhldbs oed fk ldlxlexkh ld E{sxvle jv ln e vku{ksx ls èhk xj E{sxvle jdxmk fesls jn e @CEX$

Vknkvvldb xj XjV O$5 E{sxvle eogdjrckhbks xmk YVB“s jyldljd xmex sj`kjn xmk ebvkk`kdxs slbdkh evk djx ld cldk rlxm xmk sxedhevh vkbevhldb xmk lhkdxlnloexljd ovlxkvle jn xmk ykvsjd rmj ls xmk mjchkv jn xmk vku{ksxkh ldnjvèxljd$Xmkvknjvk E{sxvle mes ecvkeh| ojdxeoxkh ecc a{vlshloxljds ojdokvdkh xmkvkf|

jnnkvldb xmk` klxmkv xj vkdkbjxlexk xmk ebvkk`kdx jv# ecxkvdexl~kc|# xj kdxkv ldxj e `{x{ec ebvkk`kdx ocevln|ldb xmex fjxm yevxlks rlcc ldxkvyvkx xmls yvj~lsljd ld e skdsk xmex n{cc| ojvvksyjdhs xj xmk ldxkvdexljdec sxedhevh$ [y xj djr`{x{ec ebvkk`kdxs rkvk ojdoc{hkh rlxm C{}k`fj{vb edh _ed @evldj$ Jxmkv a{vlshloxljds me~k ecvkeh| slbdecckh xmklv vkehldkss xj ojdoc{hk s{om `{x{ecebvkk`kdxs rlxm E{sxvle$

Lx smj{ch fk fjvdk ld `ldh xmex xmksk 56 xe} xvkexlks rmlom rkvk lhkdxlnlkh es djx fkldb ld cldk rlxm xmk sxedhevh `kkx ld yvldolyck xmk vku{lvk`kdxsnjv k}omedbldb ldnjvèxljd ld oesks rmkvk fedg ldnjvèxljd edh lhkdxlx| jn jrdkvsmly ldnjvèxljd ls vku{ksxkh ecvkeh| djr$ Eoojvhldb xj xmk k}ykoxkhj{xoj`k jn xmk ykdhldb dkbjxlexljds ecc 62 xvkexlks ojdoc{hkh sj nev smj{ch fk n{cc| oj`ycledx rlxm xmk sxedhevh$




EDDK]K_ ‟ 2;

Eddk} 61 Clsx jn ecc K}omedbk-jn-Ldnjvèxljd @komedls`s

ld Njvok

?9$ Ecc ebvkk`kdxs ld fjch evk ebvkk`kdxs eccjrldb njv k}omedbk jn fedg ldnjvèxljd$

A{vlshloxljd

X|yk jn KjL

evvedbk`kdx Hexk slbdkh Hexk ld njvok

5 Ecfedle HXO 58 Hko 6992 5 _ky 699=

6 Ecbkvle HXO 52 A{d 699? 5 Hko 699>

? Edhjvve?9 XLKE 52 _ky 699< 59 Hko 6959

8 Ev`kdle HXO 62 Nkf 6996 5 @ev 6998

; E{sxvecle HXO = A{c 5<=> 5 _kyx 5<==

> Eqkvfelaed HXO 8 A{c 6999 6? Nkf 6995

2 Femveld HXO 6 A{c 699< 5 Nkf 6955

= Fevfehjs HXO 62 Nkf 699> 5 Eyv 6992

< Fkcev{s HXO 5> @e| 6995 < @evom 6996

59 Fkcbl{`HXO 6< Hko 5<25 6= A{dk 5<2?

Yvjxjojc 9< Jox 699< Ykdhldb

55 Fkclqk HXO = @e| 6996 5 Hko 699?

56Fjsdle edh

Mkvqkbj~ldeHXO 5> Hko 6959 ykdhldb

5? Fveqlc HXO 68 @e| 5<2; 5 A{c 5<2>

58 F{cbevle HXO 69 A{c| 6959 ? Nkf 6955

5; Oedehe HXO < Hko 5<2> 52 Nkf 5<=5

5> Omlde HXO 59 Eyvlc 5<<5 5 Dj~ 5<<6

52 Ovjexle HXO 65 _ky 6999 62 A{d 6995

5= O{fe HXO 6> A{d 699? 56 _kyx 699>




2> ‟ EDDK]K_

?5$ 5$ Njjxdjxk f| X{vgk|1 Xmk ldnjvèxljd ld xmls hjo{`kdx rlxm vknkvkdok xj§ O|yv{s · vkcexks xj xmk sj{xmkvd yevx jn xmk Lscedh$ Xmkvk ls dj sldbck e{xmjvlx|vkyvkskdxldb fjxm X{vglsm edh Bvkkg O|yvljx ykjyck jd xmk Lscedh$ X{vgk| vkojbdlqks xmk X{vglsm Vky{fclo jn Djvxmkvd O|yv{s -XVDO,$ [dxlc e cesxldb edhku{lxefck sjc{xljd ls nj{dh rlxmld xmk ojdxk}x jn xmk [dlxkh Dexljds# X{vgk| smecc

yvkskv~k lxs yjslxljd ojdokvdldb xmk –O|yv{s lss{k‐$

6$ Njjxdjxk f| ecc xmk K{vjyked [dljd @k`fkv _xexks jn xmk JKOH edh xmk K{vjyked

Oj``lssljd1 Xmk Vky{fclo jn O|yv{s ls vkojbdlskh f| ecc `k`fkvs jn xmk [dlxkh Dexljds rlxm xmk k}okyxljd jn X{vgk|$ Xmk ldnjvèxljd ld xmls hjo{`kdx vkcexks xj xmk

evke {dhkv xmk knnkoxl~k ojdxvjc jn xmk Bj~kvd`kdx jn xmk Vky{fclo jn O|yv{s$‐

?6$ Njv`kv \{bjsce~ Vky{fclo jn @eokhjdle$

A{vlshloxljd

X|yk jn KjL


5< O|yv{s?5 HXO 69 @ev 5<<9 5 Aed 5<<5

69 Oqkom Vky{fclo HXO = A{d 699> 66 @ev 6992

65 HkdèvgHXO 6; @e| 6992 6= @evom 699=

Yvjxjojc 5> _ky 699< 95 @e| 6955

66 Kb|yx HXO 5> Jox 5<>6 6= Jox 5<>?

6? Ksxjdle HXO ; Eyv 6995 56 Dj~ 6996

68 NldcedhHXO 6> A{c 6999 5 Eyv 6995

Yvjxjojc 98 @ev 55 Ykdhldb

6; Nvedok

HXO 6> @ev 5<<? 5 _ky 5<<8

Yvjxjojc 6? @e| 6955 Ykdhldb

6> N\VJ@?6 HXO 59 _ky 6992 69 Aed 699=

62 Bkjvble HXO 55 Eyv 699; 5 @ev 699>

6= Bkvèd|HXO 68 E{b 6999 5= E{b 6996

Yvjxjojc 6< Hko 6959 Ykdhldb

6< Blfvecxev XLKE 52 _ky 699< 5 @e| 6959

?9 Bvkkok HXO 5= A{c 6992 5 Eyv 699<

?5 Mjdb Gjdb# Omlde HXO 6; @e| 6959 5 Aed 6955

?6 M{dbev| HXO 6; Nkf 5<2; < Nkf 5<2>

?? Ldhle HXO = Dj~ 5<<< ; _ky 6995

?8 Ldhjdksle HXO 68 A{c 5<=> 5 Jox 5<==

?; Lved HXO 55 @ev 6996 55 A{c 6998

?> LvkcedhHXO 68 @e| 5<>> ; Aed 5<>=

Yvjxjojc 5> Hko 699< 95 @e| 6955




EDDK]K_ ‟ 22

A{vlshloxljd

X|yk jn KjL


?2 Lsvekc HXO 6< Aed 5<29 6> Aed 5<25

?= Lxec| HXO 6< A{d 5<=5 > Eyv 5<=;

?< Aeyed HXO 69 Hko 5<>5 8 Eyv 5<>?

89 Geqegmsxed HXO 59 _ky 6998 5 @ev 699>

85 G|vb|qsxed HXO 5= _ky 6995 5 @e| 699?

86 G{relx HXO 5? A{d 6996 5 @ev 6998

8? Cex~le HXO 58 Hko 699; 5> @e| 6992

88 Clf|e HXO 5> _ky 6959 Ykdhldb

8; Clkomxkdsxkld HXO ; Dj~ 5<>< 2 Hko 5<29

8> Clxm{edle HXO > Eyv 699; 52 Dj~ 699;

82 C{}k`fj{vbHXO 5= Hko 5<>6 2 Nkf 5<>8

Yvjxjojc 92 A{c 699< 5 sky 6959

8= @ece|sle HXO 69 _ky 5<=< 5 Hko 5<<9

8< @ecxe HXO 6< @e| 5<2= 5? A{c| 5<2<

;9 @k}lojHXO 5? Eyv 6998 5 Aed 699;

Yvjxjojc 5= _ky 699< 95 A{c 6959

;5 @jchj~e HXO 6< Eyv 6998 5 Aed 699;

;6 @jdeoj XLKE 5; _ky 699< 5 E{b 6959

;? @jdbjcle HXO ? A{c 699? 5 Jox 6998

;8 @jvjooj HXO 62 Nkf 6996 56 Dj~ 699>

;; Dkyec HXO 5; Hko 6999 5 Aed 6996

;> DkxmkvcedhsHXO 5 _ky 5<29 65 Eyv 5<25

Yvjxjojc < E{b 699< 95 A{c 6959

;2 Dkr Qkecedh HXO 65 _ky 699> 5 Hko 6992

;= Djvre| HXO 6= Dj~ 5<<; 5 Hko 5<<>Yvjxjojc 5> _ky 699< Ykdhldb

;< Uexev HXO ?9 Hko 6959 Ykdhldb

>9 Yeglsxed HXO 8 E{b 699; 5 A{d 6992

>5 Ymlclyyldks HXO < Eyv 5<=5 5 Eyv 5<=6

>6 Yjcedh HXO 5? Aed 6998 5 Eyv 699;

>? Yjvx{bec HXO 6< Hko 5<29 62 Nkf 5<26

>8 Vjèdle HXO ?9 @ev 699; 5 Nkf 699>




2= ‟ EDDK]K_

A{vlshloxljd

X|yk jn KjL


>; V{ssle HXO 5? Eyv 6999 ?9 Hko 6996

>> _x ^ldokdx edh xmkBvkdehldks

XLKE 58 _ky 699< ykdhldb

>2 _ed @evldjHXO 68 Dj~ 6998 5 Hko 699;

Yvjxjojc 5= _ky 699< 5 A{d 6959

>= _e{hl Evefle HXO 5< @ev 699> 5 A{d 6992

>< _kvfle HXO 2 @e| 6959 52 Hko 6959

29 _ldbeyjvkHXO ?9 Dj~ 6995 66 Jox 6996

Yvjxjojc 5; sky 699< 5 A{d 6959

25 _cj~egle HXO 2 @ev 5<2= 56 Nkf 5<2<

26 _cj~kdle HXO 5 Jox 5<<2 5 Nkf 5<<<

2? _j{xm Envloe HXO 8 @ev 5<<> > Nkf 5<<2

28 _j{xm Gjvke HXO = Jox 5<=; 5 Hko 5<=2

2; _yeld HXO 69 Hko 5<>> 5 Aed 5<>=

2> _rkhkdHXO 58 @e| 5<;< 6< Hko 5<;<

Yvjxjojc 52 Hko 699< 59 A{d 6959

22 _rlxqkvcedh

HXO ?9 Aed 5<28 8 Hko 5<28

Yvjxjojc ? _ky 699< 5 @ev 6955

2= _|vle HXO ? @ev 699< ykdhldb

2< Xealglsxed HXO 59 Eyv 5<=5 5 Jox 5<=6

HXO 2 A{dk 6955 ykdhldb

=9 Xmelcedh HXO = @e| 5<=; 5 A{c 5<=>

=5 X{dlsle HXO 6? A{d 5<22 8 _ky 5<2=

=6 X{vgk| HXO 6= @ev 699= 5 Jox 699<

=? X{vg`kdlsxed HXO 59 Eyv 5<=5 5 Jox 5<=6

=8 [gveldk HXO 5> Jox 5<<2 69 @e| 5<<<

=; [dlxkh Evef K`lvexks HXO 66 _ky 699? 5 _ky 6998

=> [dlxkh Gldbhj`HXO ?9 Eyv 5<>< 5? Dj~ 5<29

Yvjxjojc 55 _ky 699< 5< Dj~ 6959

=2 [_E HXO ?5 @e| 5<<> 5 Nkf 5<<=

=< [qfkglsxed HXO 58 A{d 6999 5 E{b 6995

=< ^kdkq{kce HXO 56 @e| 699> 52 @ev 6992

<9 ^lkxde` HXO 6 A{d 699= 5 Aed 6959




EDDK]K_ ‟ 2<

Eddk} ?1 Clsx jn ecc Cers# Vkb{cexljds

edh Jxmkv Vkck~edx @exkvlec

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Kdxvkyvkdk{vlec Ojhk

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Vkb{cexjv| Cers

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Nldedolec @evgkx E{xmjvlx| Eox

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Nkhkvec Eox vkbevhldb xmk _{ykv~lsljd jn Ld~ksx`kdx _kv~loks

Xe}exljd Cers

Nlsoec Ojhk

Ldoj`k xe} Eox




=9 ‟ EDDK]K_

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HXOs edh XLKEs slbdkh f| E{sxvle sldok @evom 699<

Jxmkv Cers

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Eooj{dxedo| Eox

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Ovl`ldec Ojhk

Ovl`ldec yvjokh{vk OjhkEox jn ? @e| 5=>= bj~kvdldb yvjokh{vks njv xmk bl~ldb jn jexms ld oj{vx



JVBEDL_EXLJD NJV KOJDJ@LO OJ-JYKVEXLJD

EDH HK^KCJY@KDX

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edh xmk [dlxkh _xexks$ Xmk K{vjyked Oj``lssljd xegks yevx ld xmk rjvg jn xmk JKOH$

JKOH Y{fclsmldb hlssk`ldexks rlhkc| xmk vks{cxs jn xmk Jvbedlsexljd“s sxexlsxlos bexmkvldb

edh vkskevom jd kojdj`lo# sjolec edh kd~lvjd`kdxec lss{ks# es rkcc es xmk ojd~kdxljds#b{lhkcldks edh sxedhevhs ebvkkh f| lxs `k`fkvs$

JKOH Y[FCL_MLDB# 6# v{k EdhvìYesoec# 2;22; YEVL_ OKHK] 5>

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Bcjfec Njv{` jd Xvedsyevkdo| edh K}omedbk jn Ldnjvèxljd

njv Xe} Y{vyjsks

YKKV VK^LKR_# YME_K 51 E[_XVLE

Xmk Bcjfec Njv{` jd Xvedsyevkdo| edh K}omedbk jn Ldnjvèxljd njv Xe} Y{vyjsks ls xmk`{cxlcexkvec nve`krjvg rlxmld rmlom rjvg ld xmk evke jn xe} xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbkjn ldnjvèxljd ls oevvlkh j{x f| j~kv 599 a{vlshloxljds rmlom yevxlolyexk ld xmk rjvg jn xmkBcjfec Njv{` jd ed ku{ec njjxldb$

Xmk Bcjfec Njv{` ls omevbkh rlxm ld-hkyxm `jdlxjvldb edh ykkv vk~lkr jn xmkl`yck`kdxexljd jn xmk sxedhevhs jn xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd njv xe}y{vyjsks$ Xmksk sxedhevhs evk yvlèvlc| vkstkoxkh ld xmk 6996 JKOH @jhkc Ebvkk`kdx jd K}omedbk jn Ldnjvèxljd jd Xe} @exxkvs edh lxs oj``kdxev|# edh ld Evxlock 6> jn xmkJKOH @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd jd Ldoj`k edh jd Oeylxec edh lxs oj``kdxev| es {yhexkh ld6998# rmlom mes fkkd ldojvyjvexkh ld xmk [D @jhkc Xe} Ojd~kdxljd$

Xmk sxedhevhs yvj~lhk njv ldxkvdexljdec k}omedbk jd vku{ksx jn njvkskkefc| vkck~edxldnjvèxljd njv xmk eh`ldlsxvexljd jv kdnjvok`kdx jn xmk hj`ksxlo xe} cers jn e vku{ksxldbyevx|$ –Nlsmldb k}ykhlxljds‐ evk djx e{xmjvlskh# f{x ecc njvkskkefc| vkck~edx ldnjvèxljd`{sx fk yvj~lhkh# ldoc{hldb fedg ldnjvèxljd edh ldnjvèxljd mkch f| sth{olevlks#vkbevhckss jn xmk k}lsxkdok jn e hj`ksxlo xe} ldxkvksx jv xmk eyycloexljd jn e h{ecovl`ldeclx| sxedhevh$

Ecc `k`fkvs jn xmk Bcjfec Njv{`# es rkcc es a{vlshloxljds lhkdxlstkh f| xmk Bcjfec Njv{ès vkck~edx xj lxs rjvg# evk fkldb vk~lkrkh$ Xmls yvjokss ls {dhkvxegkd ld xrj ymesks$Ymesk 5 vk~lkrs esskss xmk u{eclx| jn e a{vlshloxljd“s ckbec edh vkb{cexjv| nve`krjvg njvxmk k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd# rmlck Ymesk 6 vk~lkrs cjjg ex xmk yveoxloec l`yck`kdxexljd jn

xmex nve`krjvg$ _j`k Bcjfec Njv{` `k`fkvs evk {dhkvbjldb oj`fldkh ‟ Ymesk 5 yc{sYmesk 6 ‟ vk~lkrs$ Xmk {cxlèxk bjec ls xj mkcy a{vlshloxljds xj knnkoxl~kc| l`yck`kdx xmkldxkvdexljdec sxedhevhs jn xvedsyevkdo| edh k}omedbk jn ldnjvèxljd njv xe} y{vyjsks$

Ecc vk~lkr vkyjvxs evk y{fclsmkh jdok eyyvj~kh f| xmk Bcjfec Njv{` edh xmk| xm{svkyvkskdx ebvkkh Bcjfec Njv{` vkyjvxs$

Njv `jvk ldnjvèxljd jd xmk Bcjfec Njv{` njv Xvedsyevkdo| edh K}omedbk jnLdnjvèxljd njv Xe} Y{vyjsks edh njv ojylks jn xmk y{fclsmkh vk~lkr vkyjvxs# yckesk ~lslxrrr$jkoh$jvb*xe}*xvedsyevkdo| edh rrr$kjl-xe}$jvb$

Yckesk olxk xmls y{fcloexljd es1

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Ykkv Vk~lkrs1 E{sxvle 69551 Ymesk 51 Ckbec edh Vkb{cexjv| Nve`krjvg # Bcjfec Njv{` jd

Xvedsyevkdo| edh K}omedbk jn Ldnjvèxljd njv Xe} Y{vyjsks1 Ykkv Vk~lkrs JKOH Y{fclsmldb

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