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Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration
Fermilab-China Bob KephartBob Kephart
ILC Program DirectorILC Program Director
FermilabFermilab
Slide 2Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
International Linear Collider
• The world-wide High Energy Physics consensus is that the next new international facility after LHC should be a 500 GeV/c CM e+e- Collider– upgradeable to 1 TeV/c
• In 2005 the Global Design Effort (GDE) was formed in to create a machine design– International effort (Americas, Europe, Asia)– Successfully completed a Reference Design
Report and associated cost estimate in 2007– Currently the GDE is working to create an
Engineering Design by 2010
Slide 3Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Importance of China as a Major Partner
• The ILC scale requires global participation• China’s High Energy Physics Program has
been developing rapidly in recent years• Explosive growth in Chinese Economy and
Industrial Capability makes China a desirable partner for a challenging project like ILC
• Components will need to be mass produced in industry in all three regions (Americas, Asia, Europe) China could become a major player
Slide 4Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Why should China be interested? (1)
• The Physics Program is Excellent!
• SRF Technology has many potential applications• SRF Linacs for HEP
– International Linear Collider (electrons)– Proton Linacs for:
Intense Neutrino sources (Project X proposal at Fermilab) Front-end of a Muon Collider
• SRF technology has many other applications– ERL’s for light sources (Materials & Medical science)– Proton Linacs for:
Spallation Neutron sources Accelerator driven Sub-critical Reactors Nuclear waste transmutation Medical Isotope generation or Proton therapy
– etc
Slide 5Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Why should China be interested? (2)
• China’s manufacturing based economy has been doing extremely well
• The next natural step in the evolution of the Chinese economy will be innovation based and will depend on development of new advanced technologies
• History shows that basic scientific research has been the key element in driving innovation – Trains next generations of scientists and engineers– Develops world class technological workers– Leads to a knowledge based economy
Slide 6Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
The ILC and Fermilab
Goals of Fermilab’s ILC R&D:– Establish credentials in ILC machine design– Develop proficiency in SRF technology – Become a trusted international partner
….with the overall goal of preparing FNAL as viable ILC host site
As part of the GDE our goal is to help design the machine, estimate the cost, and gain international support.
• Fermilab ILC R&D activities:
– ILC Machine Design – Development of SRF technology & infrastructure– Conventional Facility & Site Studies for a US ILC site – Industrialization & Cost Reduction– ILC Physics, Detector Design and R&D (not in this talk)
Slide 7Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
• The ILC employs two 250 GeV linacs arranged to produce 500 GeV/c collisions in the center of mass.
• High Power beams are required choice of Superconducting RF technology ( best wall plug to beam efficiency)
– HUGE: total length=23 km, 1680 Cryomodules, 14,560 SRF cavities, all operating at an average gradient of 31.5 MV/m)
~30 km
SRF and the ILC
Slide 8Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Project X: Near term use for ILC SRF
A FNAL stepping stone to ILC • A plan is being developed for a 8 GeV SC Proton
Linac to increase FNAL Main Injector beam power to > 2.3 MW– Long base line Neutrino Physics– Physics at the intensity frontier (e.g. e conversion) – Modified version of Proton Driver Plan
• Based on 7 GeV of ~ ILC Linac (9 mA x 1 mS x 5 Hz)
– Accelerates H minus ions– 0.6 GeV Low Beta SC linac– 0.6-8 GeV ILC style linac
• Stripping and accumulation in Recycler• Beam accelerated to (up to) 120 GeV in MI
– Also 8 GeV program
8
Slide 9Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Project X Layout
9
120 GeV fast extraction spill1.5 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec2 MW
8 GeV H- Linac9mA x 1 msec x 5 Hz
8 GeV extraction1 second x 2.25 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec200 kW
Stripping Foil
Recycler3 linac pulses/fill
Main Injector1.4 sec cycle
Single turn transfer @ 8 GeV
0.6-8 GeV ILC Style Linac
0.6 GeV Front End Linac
Slide 11Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
ILC/Project X Cavities• Cavities are made from pure Nb Sheet
– cells deep drawn and electron beam welded • Why Niobium?
– Highest critical temperature (9.2K) & Critical field (Bc =1800 G) of all pure metals
• What limits cavity performance ?– Surface defects quench (few micron size defects matter)– Particulates field emission– Ultimately, Peak Magnetic field on SC
AES Tesla-shape
Slide 12Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
ILC SRF Goals
• Demonstrate the baseline ILC Main Linac technology– GDE S0: Cavity gradient of 35 MV/m; good yield – GDE S1: Cryomodules with average gradient > 31.5 MV/m – GDE S2: One or more ILC rf unit with ILC beam parameters
• Key issue is variability in cavity performance• Develop FNAL expertise in SRF technology
– Train FNAL staff: Command of the technology for ILC– R&D to improve ILC performance, reduce cost
• Collaborate with U.S. & International ILC partners• Transfer SRF technology to industry• Build FNAL SRF Infrastructure to support these activities• These goals are closely aligned with a developing plan
for a SC linac based intense Proton source (Project X)
Slide 13Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
ILC CryomoduleCryomodules are complex• 8 or 9 Cavities, ultra clean surfaces• Operate in 2K superfluid He• Quad Focusing magnets• Couplers feed RF energy to cavities• Tuners adjust cavity resonant
frequency to match klystron
Cryomodules are expensive• Single most expensive component of the ILC• FNAL leads an international team working to improve the TESLA
CM design for ILC (DESY, INFN, KEK, CERN, SLAC, India, etc)• Must industrialize cavities, components, and maybe CM assembly• Developing the extensive infrastructure to build and test CM’s• Project X would need 40 ILC-like Cryomodules
TTF Cryomodule
Slide 14Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
ML basic building block
ILC RF Unit: 3 CM, klystron, modulator, LLRF
Baseline design now has 2 CM with 9 cavities, 1 CM with 8 cavities + quad
Slide 15Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Surface Processing
Cavity Fabrication
Vertical Testing
He Vessel, couplers,
tuner
HPR or reprocess
Horizontal Testing
Cold String Assembly
Pass!
Pass!
Fail!
Fail!
Cavity/CM process and Testing
Plan… Develop in labs then transfer technology to industry
Slide 16Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
SCRF Infrastructure
• This process requires extensive infrastructure• Bare cavities
– Fabrication facilities (Electron beam welder, QC, etc) – Surface treatment facilities BCP & Electro-polish facilities (EP)– Ultra clean H20 & High Pressure Rinse systems– Vertical Test facilities ( Cryogenics + low power RF)
• Cavity Dressing Facilities ( cryostat, tuner, coupler)– Class 10/100 clean room– Horizontal Test System (cryogenics and pulsed RF power)
• Cryomodule Assembly Facilities– Large class 10/100 clean rooms, Large fixtures
• Cryo-module test facilities– Cryogenics, pulsed RF power, LLRF, controls, shielding, etc.– Beam tests electron source (RF unit test facilities)
• In 2005 FNAL began building this infrastructure
Slide 17Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
FNAL/U.S. SRF infrastructure
• Cavity Surface Processing (electro polish) – Cornell processing facility– Jlab processing facility– Joint FNAL/ANL facility at ANL
• Vertical Test Stand: (IB1) – Tests “bare” cavities
• Horizontal test stand (MDB) • Cryomodule Assembly areas (MP9 + IB1)
– 1st ILC like cryomodule (being assembled)– 3.9 GHz cryomodule under assembly for DESY
• RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NML)– ILC-like beam to test full RF units– Move FNAL A0 Photo-injector– Add Capture Cavity II
Slide 18Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Cavity FabricationBy Industry
Cavity Dressing &Horizontal Testing
@ Fermilab
SurfaceProcessing @ Cornell
SurfaceProcessing
@ Jlab
SurfaceProcessing @ ANL/FNAL
Vertical Testing @ Cornell
Vertical Testing @ Jlab
Vertical Testing @ FNAL
Exists
Developing
U.S. Cavity Processing & Test
ILC R&D goals require new large processing facility ~ 300/yr
~10/yr ~50/yr ~40/yr
Slide 19Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
New ANL-FNAL Processing Facility
New Clean Rooms
New Chemistry Rooms & EP
1st EP Aug 07Single cell
Chemistry, Clean rooms, BCP,HPR & state-of-the-art EP @ANL
Operational ~ Dec 07 ~ 50 EP cycles/yr
Slide 20Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
New Vertical Test @ FNAL
• Recently commissioned (IB1)– Existing 125W@ 1.8 K Cryo plant– RF system in collaboration with Jlab– Capable of testing ~50 Cavities/yr– Evolutionary upgrades:
Thermometry for 9-cells, 2 cavities at a time, 2 top plates, Cryo upgrades
Plan for two additional VTS cryostats
– Ultimate capacity ~ 264 tests/yr
VTS Cryostat:IB1
New RF & Control Room
Plan for 2 more VTS pits
Nine-cell Tesla-style cavity
Slide 21Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Cavity Process & VTS Results
ACCEL (Europe) AES (U.S.)
ILCGoal
ACCEL= experienced, AES is new vendor, cavities are limited by Quench vs. FE
Slide 22Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Horizontal Test System• After successful vertical test:
– Cavity welded inside He vessel– Cavity opened to install main coupler– Tuner added
• Horizontal Test: – test cavity with pulsed RF power before it is buried in CM– Also serves as high power R&D Test Bed
“Dressing”
1st 1.3 GHz Cavity in
HTS Cryostat
HTS CryostatInstalled at MDB
Slide 23Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
MDB Infrastructure
RF Power for HTS
Cryogenics transfer lines in MDB
Large Vacuum Pump for 2K
300 KW RF Power for HTS
Capture Cavity-II
Slide 24Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Cryomodule Assembly Facility• Goal: Assemble R&D Cryomodules • Where: MP9 and ICB buildings
– MP9: 2500 ft2 clean room, Class 10/100 – Cavity dressing and string assembly– ICB: final cryomodule assembly
• Infrastructure:– Clean Rooms, Assembly Fixtures– Clean Vacuum, gas, water & Leak Check
• DESY Cryomodule “kit” being assembled now
String Assembly MP9 Clean RoomCavity string for 1st CM
ICB clean: FinalAssembly fixtures installed
Slide 25Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
•Overall Plan: Test ILC RF units•3 CM, Klystron, Modulator, LLRF•Move A0 Injector to provide ILC like beam
•New bldg: diagnostic, AARD, new cryo plant•ILC Twin tunnel design to allow 2nd RF unit and to study tunnel layout and maintenance issues
Bunch Compressor
ILC RF unitDiagnosticsGun
CC I,II
Laser
3rd har
Test Area
~ 22 M72 M
Existing Building
New Building
New ILC like tunnel
2nd ILC RF unit
Test Areas
new 300 W cryo plant
RF Equipment
RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NM)
Slide 27Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
FNAL-China Collaboration
• Long history of FNAL-China Collaboration– 1979: ~ 20 Chinese accelerator physicists visited
FNAL to learn about building Proton Synchrotrons– US-China Joint Committee on HEP established– 28th annual meeting at FNAL Nov 19-20, 2007
• Experimental Collaborations– Early Fixed target experiments at FNAL– Tevatron: D0 experiment ( on-going)– CMS: Collaboration to build Muon Chambers– BES III: T Liu consults on trigger electronics
• Collaboration on ILC & Project X seems natural
Slide 28Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Many Shared Interests
China•SRF
–Cavity R&D for ILC–CSNS (upgrade=SRF LINAC)
–Cryomodules for XFEL–BEPCII spare SRF cavity
•Detector R&D–Test Beam–BES III, D0,CMS,ATLAS–China’s strength in crystals
•Neutrino Physics–Daya Bay–Future Experiments?
Fermilab•SRF
–Cavity R&D for ILC–SRF LINAC for Project X–ILC/Project XCryomodules –3.9 GHz for FLASH/XFEL and ILC crab cavities
•Detector R&D–Test Beam–CDF,D0,CMS–Crystal Calorimetry for ILC
•Neutrino Physics–MINOS, NOvA…–Future Experiments with Project X or DUSEL ?
Slide 29Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Developing Collaborations
• Developing specific plan for ILC/Project X collaborative work– Cavity Development
Cavity development, Nb from China Cavity testing, SRF surface physics
– Development of Chinese and FNAL SRF infrastructure– Development of accelerator equipment
Machine design and simulation Cryomodule Development RF: Modulators, klystrons, RF distribution Conventional Magnets for DR, instrumentation, controls, etc.
– Detector R&D– Personnel exchange FNAL- China
• Developing collaborations…– Umbrella MOU with Peking University signed in Oct 07– Umbrella MOU with IHEP to be signed mid-Nov– Encourage other institutions to get involved
Slide 30Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration
Conclusions
• Growing FNAL collaborations with Asia:– Long history of collaboration with Japan– New collaborations with Indian institutions– China can be an important new partner for
both Project X and ILC
• We are encouraged by our discussions – Developing the details
• Thanks for inviting us to this meeting to understand your thinking on ILC… and to tell you about our plans for ILC R&D and Project X