Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration Fermilab-China

Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration

Fermilab-China Bob KephartBob Kephart

ILC Program DirectorILC Program Director

FermilabFermilab

Slide 2Oct 2007 US-China Collaboration

International Linear Collider

• The world-wide High Energy Physics consensus is that the next new international facility after LHC should be a 500 GeV/c CM e+e- Collider– upgradeable to 1 TeV/c

• In 2005 the Global Design Effort (GDE) was formed in to create a machine design– International effort (Americas, Europe, Asia)– Successfully completed a Reference Design

Report and associated cost estimate in 2007– Currently the GDE is working to create an

Engineering Design by 2010


Importance of China as a Major Partner

• The ILC scale requires global participation• China’s High Energy Physics Program has

been developing rapidly in recent years• Explosive growth in Chinese Economy and

Industrial Capability makes China a desirable partner for a challenging project like ILC

• Components will need to be mass produced in industry in all three regions (Americas, Asia, Europe) China could become a major player


Why should China be interested? (1)

• The Physics Program is Excellent!

• SRF Technology has many potential applications• SRF Linacs for HEP

– International Linear Collider (electrons)– Proton Linacs for:

Intense Neutrino sources (Project X proposal at Fermilab) Front-end of a Muon Collider

• SRF technology has many other applications– ERL’s for light sources (Materials & Medical science)– Proton Linacs for:

Spallation Neutron sources Accelerator driven Sub-critical Reactors Nuclear waste transmutation Medical Isotope generation or Proton therapy

– etc


Why should China be interested? (2)

• China’s manufacturing based economy has been doing extremely well

• The next natural step in the evolution of the Chinese economy will be innovation based and will depend on development of new advanced technologies

• History shows that basic scientific research has been the key element in driving innovation – Trains next generations of scientists and engineers– Develops world class technological workers– Leads to a knowledge based economy


The ILC and Fermilab

Goals of Fermilab’s ILC R&D:– Establish credentials in ILC machine design– Develop proficiency in SRF technology – Become a trusted international partner

….with the overall goal of preparing FNAL as viable ILC host site

As part of the GDE our goal is to help design the machine, estimate the cost, and gain international support.

• Fermilab ILC R&D activities:

– ILC Machine Design – Development of SRF technology & infrastructure– Conventional Facility & Site Studies for a US ILC site – Industrialization & Cost Reduction– ILC Physics, Detector Design and R&D (not in this talk)


• The ILC employs two 250 GeV linacs arranged to produce 500 GeV/c collisions in the center of mass.

• High Power beams are required choice of Superconducting RF technology ( best wall plug to beam efficiency)

– HUGE: total length=23 km, 1680 Cryomodules, 14,560 SRF cavities, all operating at an average gradient of 31.5 MV/m)

~30 km

SRF and the ILC


Project X: Near term use for ILC SRF

A FNAL stepping stone to ILC • A plan is being developed for a 8 GeV SC Proton

Linac to increase FNAL Main Injector beam power to > 2.3 MW– Long base line Neutrino Physics– Physics at the intensity frontier (e.g. e conversion) – Modified version of Proton Driver Plan

• Based on 7 GeV of ~ ILC Linac (9 mA x 1 mS x 5 Hz)

– Accelerates H minus ions– 0.6 GeV Low Beta SC linac– 0.6-8 GeV ILC style linac

• Stripping and accumulation in Recycler• Beam accelerated to (up to) 120 GeV in MI

– Also 8 GeV program

8


Project X Layout

9

120 GeV fast extraction spill1.5 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec2 MW

8 GeV H- Linac9mA x 1 msec x 5 Hz

8 GeV extraction1 second x 2.25 x 1014 protons/1.4 sec200 kW

Stripping Foil

Recycler3 linac pulses/fill

Main Injector1.4 sec cycle

Single turn transfer @ 8 GeV

0.6-8 GeV ILC Style Linac

0.6 GeV Front End Linac


Proton Beam Power

10


ILC/Project X Cavities• Cavities are made from pure Nb Sheet

– cells deep drawn and electron beam welded • Why Niobium?

– Highest critical temperature (9.2K) & Critical field (Bc =1800 G) of all pure metals

• What limits cavity performance ?– Surface defects quench (few micron size defects matter)– Particulates field emission– Ultimately, Peak Magnetic field on SC

AES Tesla-shape


ILC SRF Goals

• Demonstrate the baseline ILC Main Linac technology– GDE S0: Cavity gradient of 35 MV/m; good yield – GDE S1: Cryomodules with average gradient > 31.5 MV/m – GDE S2: One or more ILC rf unit with ILC beam parameters

• Key issue is variability in cavity performance• Develop FNAL expertise in SRF technology

– Train FNAL staff: Command of the technology for ILC– R&D to improve ILC performance, reduce cost

• Collaborate with U.S. & International ILC partners• Transfer SRF technology to industry• Build FNAL SRF Infrastructure to support these activities• These goals are closely aligned with a developing plan

for a SC linac based intense Proton source (Project X)


ILC CryomoduleCryomodules are complex• 8 or 9 Cavities, ultra clean surfaces• Operate in 2K superfluid He• Quad Focusing magnets• Couplers feed RF energy to cavities• Tuners adjust cavity resonant

frequency to match klystron

Cryomodules are expensive• Single most expensive component of the ILC• FNAL leads an international team working to improve the TESLA

CM design for ILC (DESY, INFN, KEK, CERN, SLAC, India, etc)• Must industrialize cavities, components, and maybe CM assembly• Developing the extensive infrastructure to build and test CM’s• Project X would need 40 ILC-like Cryomodules

TTF Cryomodule


ML basic building block

ILC RF Unit: 3 CM, klystron, modulator, LLRF

Baseline design now has 2 CM with 9 cavities, 1 CM with 8 cavities + quad


Surface Processing

Cavity Fabrication

Vertical Testing

He Vessel, couplers,

tuner

HPR or reprocess

Horizontal Testing

Cold String Assembly

Pass!

Pass!

Fail!

Fail!

Cavity/CM process and Testing

Plan… Develop in labs then transfer technology to industry


SCRF Infrastructure

• This process requires extensive infrastructure• Bare cavities

– Fabrication facilities (Electron beam welder, QC, etc) – Surface treatment facilities BCP & Electro-polish facilities (EP)– Ultra clean H20 & High Pressure Rinse systems– Vertical Test facilities ( Cryogenics + low power RF)

• Cavity Dressing Facilities ( cryostat, tuner, coupler)– Class 10/100 clean room– Horizontal Test System (cryogenics and pulsed RF power)

• Cryomodule Assembly Facilities– Large class 10/100 clean rooms, Large fixtures

• Cryo-module test facilities– Cryogenics, pulsed RF power, LLRF, controls, shielding, etc.– Beam tests electron source (RF unit test facilities)

• In 2005 FNAL began building this infrastructure


FNAL/U.S. SRF infrastructure

• Cavity Surface Processing (electro polish) – Cornell processing facility– Jlab processing facility– Joint FNAL/ANL facility at ANL

• Vertical Test Stand: (IB1) – Tests “bare” cavities

• Horizontal test stand (MDB) • Cryomodule Assembly areas (MP9 + IB1)

– 1st ILC like cryomodule (being assembled)– 3.9 GHz cryomodule under assembly for DESY

• RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NML)– ILC-like beam to test full RF units– Move FNAL A0 Photo-injector– Add Capture Cavity II


Cavity FabricationBy Industry

Cavity Dressing &Horizontal Testing

@ Fermilab

SurfaceProcessing @ Cornell

SurfaceProcessing

@ Jlab

SurfaceProcessing @ ANL/FNAL

Vertical Testing @ Cornell

Vertical Testing @ Jlab

Vertical Testing @ FNAL

Exists

Developing

U.S. Cavity Processing & Test

ILC R&D goals require new large processing facility ~ 300/yr

~10/yr ~50/yr ~40/yr


New ANL-FNAL Processing Facility

New Clean Rooms

New Chemistry Rooms & EP

1st EP Aug 07Single cell

Chemistry, Clean rooms, BCP,HPR & state-of-the-art EP @ANL

Operational ~ Dec 07 ~ 50 EP cycles/yr


New Vertical Test @ FNAL

• Recently commissioned (IB1)– Existing 125W@ 1.8 K Cryo plant– RF system in collaboration with Jlab– Capable of testing ~50 Cavities/yr– Evolutionary upgrades:

Thermometry for 9-cells, 2 cavities at a time, 2 top plates, Cryo upgrades

Plan for two additional VTS cryostats

– Ultimate capacity ~ 264 tests/yr

VTS Cryostat:IB1

New RF & Control Room

Plan for 2 more VTS pits

Nine-cell Tesla-style cavity


Cavity Process & VTS Results

ACCEL (Europe) AES (U.S.)

ILCGoal

ACCEL= experienced, AES is new vendor, cavities are limited by Quench vs. FE


Horizontal Test System• After successful vertical test:

– Cavity welded inside He vessel– Cavity opened to install main coupler– Tuner added

• Horizontal Test: – test cavity with pulsed RF power before it is buried in CM– Also serves as high power R&D Test Bed

“Dressing”

1st 1.3 GHz Cavity in

HTS Cryostat

HTS CryostatInstalled at MDB


MDB Infrastructure

RF Power for HTS

Cryogenics transfer lines in MDB

Large Vacuum Pump for 2K

300 KW RF Power for HTS

Capture Cavity-II


Cryomodule Assembly Facility• Goal: Assemble R&D Cryomodules • Where: MP9 and ICB buildings

– MP9: 2500 ft2 clean room, Class 10/100 – Cavity dressing and string assembly– ICB: final cryomodule assembly

• Infrastructure:– Clean Rooms, Assembly Fixtures– Clean Vacuum, gas, water & Leak Check

• DESY Cryomodule “kit” being assembled now

String Assembly MP9 Clean RoomCavity string for 1st CM

ICB clean: FinalAssembly fixtures installed


•Overall Plan: Test ILC RF units•3 CM, Klystron, Modulator, LLRF•Move A0 Injector to provide ILC like beam

•New bldg: diagnostic, AARD, new cryo plant•ILC Twin tunnel design to allow 2nd RF unit and to study tunnel layout and maintenance issues

Bunch Compressor

ILC RF unitDiagnosticsGun

CC I,II

Laser

3rd har

Test Area

~ 22 M72 M

Existing Building

New Building

New ILC like tunnel

2nd ILC RF unit

Test Areas

new 300 W cryo plant

RF Equipment

RF Unit Test Facility (ILCTA_NM)


Recent Picture of NML Facility


FNAL-China Collaboration

• Long history of FNAL-China Collaboration– 1979: ~ 20 Chinese accelerator physicists visited

FNAL to learn about building Proton Synchrotrons– US-China Joint Committee on HEP established– 28th annual meeting at FNAL Nov 19-20, 2007

• Experimental Collaborations– Early Fixed target experiments at FNAL– Tevatron: D0 experiment ( on-going)– CMS: Collaboration to build Muon Chambers– BES III: T Liu consults on trigger electronics

• Collaboration on ILC & Project X seems natural


Many Shared Interests

China•SRF

–Cavity R&D for ILC–CSNS (upgrade=SRF LINAC)

–Cryomodules for XFEL–BEPCII spare SRF cavity

•Detector R&D–Test Beam–BES III, D0,CMS,ATLAS–China’s strength in crystals

•Neutrino Physics–Daya Bay–Future Experiments?

Fermilab•SRF

–Cavity R&D for ILC–SRF LINAC for Project X–ILC/Project XCryomodules –3.9 GHz for FLASH/XFEL and ILC crab cavities

•Detector R&D–Test Beam–CDF,D0,CMS–Crystal Calorimetry for ILC

•Neutrino Physics–MINOS, NOvA…–Future Experiments with Project X or DUSEL ?


Developing Collaborations

• Developing specific plan for ILC/Project X collaborative work– Cavity Development

Cavity development, Nb from China Cavity testing, SRF surface physics

– Development of Chinese and FNAL SRF infrastructure– Development of accelerator equipment

Machine design and simulation Cryomodule Development RF: Modulators, klystrons, RF distribution Conventional Magnets for DR, instrumentation, controls, etc.

– Detector R&D– Personnel exchange FNAL- China

• Developing collaborations…– Umbrella MOU with Peking University signed in Oct 07– Umbrella MOU with IHEP to be signed mid-Nov– Encourage other institutions to get involved


Conclusions

• Growing FNAL collaborations with Asia:– Long history of collaboration with Japan– New collaborations with Indian institutions– China can be an important new partner for

both Project X and ILC

• We are encouraged by our discussions – Developing the details

• Thanks for inviting us to this meeting to understand your thinking on ILC… and to tell you about our plans for ILC R&D and Project X

Documents

Perspective on ILC SC Technology Collaboration Fermilab-China