Summer 2014 1

Wisdom in the Woods

Memorial trees planted for Jim PottonWAM director Bob Austman, above, dedicates a tree on behalf of the Woodlot Association of Manitoba in memory of long-time Manitoba Forestry Association director and environmental activist Jim Potton. Right, Trevor Stanley of Pineland Nursery acted as master of ceremonies for the event on June 21 at the MFA’s Sandilands Forest Centre. The MFA also dedicated a tree near the museum building. After the unveiling of the WAM and MFA memorial trees, Stanley led Jim’s grandchildren in planting several smaller trees around the two marked ones.

Right, a close-up of the tree planted by WAM.

Photos by Allan Webb

INSIDE:• Is Manitoba ready for a community forest? page 3• Meet MFA's new forestry technicians, pages 6 and 7• Know your firewood: a visual guide, pages 8 and 9

2 The Manitoba Woodlot

The Manitoba Woodlot is published six times annually as a service to the membership of the Woodlot Association of Manitoba (WAM). WAM seeks to promote an understanding of sustainable woodlot management, increase income and employment potential for the woodlot sector, promote the use of woodlot products in the place of non-renewable and imported products, and develop human resources in woodlot management. WAM represents the interests of our members within the Canadian Federation of Woodlot Owners (CFWO). The CFWO makes those interests known to forestry ministers at both levels of government. WAM also has a representative to the Manitoba Model Forest, another organization that promotes sustainable management of Manitoba’s wooded areas. WAM is a non-profit organization led by a volunteer Board of Directors, which meets monthly. Our Annual General Meeting (AGM) is held each year before the end of March and is open to all members in good standing.

Woodlot Association of Manitoba Board of Directors 2014/2015

President: Irene de Graaf, Narol, (204) 661-2068

president@woodlotmanitoba.com Secretary-Treasurer:

Allan Webb, Stonewall (204) 467-8648secretary@woodlotmanitoba.com

Past President: Len Riding, St. Malo Directors:

•Mike James, Winnipeg, Beaconia•Bob Austman, Beausejour

•Tom Dykstra, Balmoral•Bruce MacLeod, Winnipeg•Louise Matthewson, Gimli•Clint Pinder, Stony Mountain•Chris Matthewson, Oakbank

THE MANITOBA WOODLOTEditor: Sheilla Jones

Email: editor@woodlotmanitoba.comWebsite: woodlotmanitoba.com

Woodlot Association of Manitoba900 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3M 0Y4

Do your spruce trees look thin and skimpy? You may be seeing Needle Cast Disease and not know it!

Evergreens typically retain their needles for up to three years, but if they are stressed or suffering from drought or disease, they can lose them in one season. The investment the trees make in the needles costs them valuable resources, and when they lose them prematurely, they begin a downward spiral that may lead to death.

Needle Cast Diseases are fungi and in spruce trees they are generally two types, Rhizosphaera needle cast or Stigmina needle cast. These can be diagnosed by looking at the fruiting bodies on infected needles with a microscope or strong hand lens.

Rhizosphaera fruiting bodies are rows of small, smooth-edged black dots coming out of the stomata, or tiny breathing holes, on the browning needles. Stigmina fruiting bodies are black, in rows and are not as round or clearly defined as Rhizosphaera.

Infected needles will turn bronze and be dropped prematurely. This needle drop causes the tree to decline and look sparse. Eventually the tree may die. Wet humid conditions and lack of air flow all increase the chance of this disease spreading and damaging your trees.

Chemical fungicides are effective in controlling this disease. They must be applied according to label directions and typically two or three applications are required. This is recommended when the needles are half elongated or are fully elongated. These treatments will need to be applied on a yearly basis for several years until the plants recover. In the case of Stigmina this may be needed yearly.

Avoid watering on the foliage, keep groups of trees spaced well to increase air flow. Prune out dead branches and remove badly affected trees to limit the spread of the disease.

By Brad Gurr, ISA Certified Arborist

Spruce trees weakened by needle disease

Bronze discolouration of spruce needles could indicate Needle Cast Disease.

Summer 2014 3

Is Manitoba ready for a community forest?It may be time for Manitoba’s woodlot owners to

join forces to manage their own wood market.Woodlot owners in the province are facing a number

of challenges, and particularly the limited market for our wood. Tembec closed the largest paper mill in the province in 2008. Tolko, in The Pas, has idled irs sawmill and is currently producing only kraft paper. Louisiana-Pacific is operating in Swan River but produces only OSB from poplar.

We have a lot of standing timber in Manitoba, and in the southeast corner most of it is leaving for mills in Ontario and Minnesota. If we could somehow pull together and create a local community forest in the southeast, and if we could leverage funds for a small-to-medium-sized sawmill, I’m quite certain that we could find a market for the lumber.

A regional sorting yard could easily be found on the abundant crown land in the area, with the support of the province. From there, local logs, purchased from woodlot owners could be sorted.

Adjacent to the sorting yard, on this same piece of crown land, some sawlogs could be processed for dimensional lumber, and the poplar pulp could be

trucked to either Barwick, Ontario or Bemidji, Minnesota. Shipping poplar pulp to Swan River’s mill is cost prohibitive.

Other sawlogs could be sold for a profit to firms such as South East Forest Products. Firewood bundles could be produced from some of the wood, and perhaps mill waste could be turned into wood pellets.

We have the wood supply to make this work. We have the ability to create a volunteer board, seek funding opportunities, and find markets. It just takes the political will to do it, and some good old-fashioned “knocking on doors” and “riding the phone” to get support from industry and government. If anything, I hope this article can start the discussion to get things moving.

Landowners probably know they won’t get rich from selling wood to a community forest. But it would create local jobs, and lead to better forest management, since all wood would be harvested from managed woodlots. And if we all accept the wisdom behind a “hundred mile diet”, why can’t we buy wood from within that same hundred mile area?

By Bob AustmanMore on community forests pages 4-5

4 The Manitoba Woodlot

On June 26, 2014 the University of Winnipeg hosted the ”Community Forests Canada Symposium” which brought together a diverse group of people from First Nations, government, academics, and a variety of grassroots environmental organizations to examine the concept of community forests, and their practices, policies, and research activities. I attended the conference along with Dr. Brian Kotak, General Manager of both the Manitoba Model Forest, and the Canadian Model Forest Network. What follows is a brief summary of the development of the community forest model, and a snapshot of how a typical community forest works.

In 1930, the Dominion of Canada gave responsibility for forest management to the provinces. This piece of legislation was known as the “Natural Resource Transfer Agreement”. Since then, provinces have co-managed crown forests in partnership with large industrial partners. Thus began the current model for forest management.

Under this Forest Management License (FML) system, industry could access crown timber, providing

they built a paper mill or a sawmill, and created jobs. In other words, they couldn’t just ship round wood out of province.

This was a win-win situation. The province earned money from stumpage fees for every stick cut on crown land, plus a share of corporate and income taxes paid by the mill and its employees. Industry benefitted from fire protection services and insect and disease control, along with forest research funded by the province. Industry also had a guaranteed wood supply with about a 100-year time horizon.

A new form of forest tenure has evolved over the last two decades. These new forest tenure systems are known as community forests, and they have come about as a result of several factors.

First and foremost has been the upheaval in the forest sector itself, with a number of mills closing down or downsizing. This created a need to look at things differently from the old model, which ultimately led to a review of forest tenure policies. This re-shaped the way Canadians view their forest resources, and today, there are about 125 community forests operating across the country. They average approximately 10,000 hectares in size.

What do Canada's community forests look like?• Tenant Forests: forest tenure is given to individuals

and their families.Forests in this category are usually about 500 hectares

in size. The family owners are expected to develop management plans, create roads and other infrastructure, and invest in small sawmills to process the wood. This form is tenure is common in Quebec.

• Woodlot Licences: forest tenure is given to individuals, but they must own a private woodlot to become eligible to manage adjoining crown land.

The wood from these licences must flow to the nearest mill if the owners do not mill it themselves. Stumpage

Community forests give private forest owners access to forests and marketsBy Bob Austman

Summer 2014 5

fees still flow to the province, and the private landowner is responsible for fire suppression and road-building costs. This tenure system is currently found only in British Columbia.

• Co-ops: local landowners sell their wood to a local co-op, known as a marketing board.

The co-op board will shop around for the best price for this pooled wood supply, and then conduct a transaction. Local woodlot owners benefit from this form of tenure by having a guaranteed market, along with roadside pickup, and assistance with silviculture services and management planning. This form of tenure is widely found in the Maritime provinces.

• Municipal corporations: a municipality manages the community forest.

A municipality will manage its forested land to generate profits, which in turn are put back into municipal infrastructure such as fire halls, community recreation centres, or local schools.

Let’s take a closer look at a typical community forest, in this case, the Harrop-Proctor Community Forest in the Kootenay Lake region of British Columbia. They began the community forest in 2000, and for the last 14 years, it has been governed by a volunteer board.

The Harrop-Proctor community forest is blessed with healthy stands of 100-year-old conifers, but they are on steep, sensitive sites. Logging costs are quite high since many trees must be cabled out.

Their management plan calls for protection of old-growth stands, connectivity of stands for wildlife habitat, and protection of riparian zones. A sustainability approach ensures the wood supply will last for generations, which is a philosophy common to all community forests in Canada.

Their main management objectives are to protect the local watersheds, create local jobs, carry out ecosystem-based forest management, and conduct forest research.

Harrop-Proctor has a 10,000 cubic metre annual allowable cut, and all wood is milled by their two band-saw mills. With gross sales of $1-million, they are able to turn a small profit, which is put back into the community by the local board to support a variety of organizations and projects.

Harrop-Proctor Community Forest

The mountain-side forests of the Harrop-Proctor Community Forest rise up behind the town on the edge of the picturesque Kootenay Lake region in British Columbia.

Members of the Harrop-Proctor Community Forest co-op gather to celebrate the first "load" of wood harvested in 2000 under the direction of their volunteer board.

Photos courtesy of Harrop-Proctor Community Forest

6 The Manitoba Woodlot

As a graduate from the University of Winnipeg with my degree in Forest Policy and Management, I am very excited to continue my forestry career with the Manitoba Forestry Association. I have four years of experience working for the City of Winnipeg as a forestry technical assistant, assisting with the Dutch elm disease and tree inventory programs. I have a passion for educating people on forest health issues and helping them understand the value and importance of trees.

I moved to Winnipeg, Manitoba from Belarus when I was eight years old. I was very fortunate because I got to spend most of my childhood outdoors; climbing trees, picking mushrooms with my grandparents and

wandering through the woods searching for hedgehogs. After moving to Manitoba, nothing had changed. I travelled half-way across the world to end up in a province that was also filled with beautiful forests which I yearned to explore. My memories, my experiences and my love of nature were my biggest inspirations in pursuing a career in forestry.

I value everything that the forest has to offer, from the direct benefits such as timber harvest and non-timber forest products to the indirect benefits such as wildlife and recreation. A workable forest is one that is filled with possibilities. Almost everything that we use in our daily lives is in one way or another connected to the forest. It is critical that we continue to utilize our forests in a sustainable manner to ensure that they continue to remain healthy and viable.

I am excited to join the Private Land Resource Planning program; I look forward to meeting with all the woodlot owners, hearing their stories, learning about their land and helping them achieve their goals. Together we can make any woodlot a valuable piece of land that will continue to provide for many generations to come.

Manitoba Forestry Association

MFA resource extension officer Tatiana Moroz.

Meet MFA’s new forestry techniciansThe Manitoba Forestry Association would like to welcome Tatiana Moroz and Kristen Malec to our team. Tatiana and Kristen, our new Resource Extension Officers, will be delivering technical services through our Private Land Resource Planning Program.

Tatiana Moroz

Photo by MFA

Summer 2014 7

Since graduating from the University of Winnipeg’s Forest Ecology Program in 2009, I have had the opportunity to obtain a wide variety of work experience. This includes conducting Dutch Elm Disease and Silviculture Surveys with Manitoba Conservation’s Forestry Branch, as well as a three-year stint with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans in Winnipeg as an Aquatic Research Technician. While there I planned, organized, and conducted invertebrate research in the Canadian Arctic. Having the opportunity to work in the Arctic was amazing, but I missed my passion (forestry) and decided to make the switch back. So, in July of 2014 I started with the Manitoba Forestry Association as one of their new Resource Extension Officers. I also recently have started volunteering my time as the Chair of the Board of the Canadian Institute of Forestry’s Manitoba Chapter.

I am excited to be working for the Manitoba Forestry Association as it will allow me to pursue my forestry career in Manitoba. I love working in forestry because

I get to spend a lot of my work days outside in the forest, working with my hands and observing unique aspects of the forest ecosystem. Manitoba is a beautiful province and I am always happy at getting the chance to travel around and discover the province for work. Even though I was born and raised in Winnipeg, I have always been interested in and loved spending time in the outdoors. I currently live in Winnipeg with my husband in our 96-year-old fixer-upper. When we’re not spending time on renovations, I love to garden, spend time at the cabin, head out for weekend canoe trips, and when we can, travel.

I look forward to working with the Manitoba Forestry Association’s revamped Private Land Resource Planning Program. There are many aspects of forestry that really excite me, particularly forestry on a smaller scale such as woodlot management, non-timber forest products, etc. I think it is exciting that individuals can participate in the forest industry and that they can be empowered through education to take management of their land into their own hands. I look forward to meeting and working with the woodlot owners of Manitoba to help them reach their management goals!

Manitoba Forestry Association

Kristen MalecMFA resource extension officer Kristen Malec.

Photo by MFA

8 The Manitoba Woodlot

Know your firewood: a visual guideEvery tree species has unique firewood qualities, from heat content to splitting ease to burn length and coal formation.Hardwood trees (trees with leaves), as well as softwoods (trees with needles), have different heating values depending on their density. This heating value is measured in British Thermal Units (BTUs). A BTU is the amount of heat energy it takes to raise one pound of water one degree. Visualize a BTU as the amount of heat generated by one lit matchstick.Let’s look at some of the common Manitoba tree species.

Green ash bark is grey-brown with long, narrow diamond-like fissures. Green ash grows in abundance along river banks and shorelines. Black ash is found in low-lying areas. Ash is easy to split, has a beautiful flame and a high heating value. These qualities make ash the Harley Davidson of firewood. Ash wood is ideal for stoves and fireplaces. Excellent long-lasting coals are produced for overnight heating longevity. These coals give off a red/orange glow with exceptional heat output and minimal ash. Ash produces 22.6-million BTUs per cord.

Bark is whitish-grey with a powdery coating. Aspen grows almost everywhere, except low areas. Its cousin, balsam poplar (black poplar), loves wet feet, but makes for terrible firewood and has a relatively low heat output. (I was raised on a farm with only poplar firewood. If mixed with ash, birch, oak, pine or tamarack, the combination is unbeatable.) Aspen produces 15.5-million BTUs per cord.

The bark of Jack pine is blotchy with shallow furrowed scales. Jack pine grows in dry, sandy areas. It’s easily split into kindling and lights quickly. If it is mixed with other species, it provides an excellent balance. If used exclusively, there is a good chance for creosote build-up inside the chimney. The wood is light and pops and crackles a lot because of resin pockets. Excellent for campfires, and the wood smells nice. Jack pine produces 19-million BTUs per cord.

Ash (green and black ash)

Aspen (white poplar)

Jack Pine

By Ken Fosty

Summer 2014 9

The exfoliating bark of birch is white with thin dark strips (breathing slits for the tree). You can’t miss it. Birch grows in a variety of sunlight-exposed habitats and loves to grow on shoulder transitions between high and low areas. The bark surrounding the firewood is practically air-tight, hence the need to split birch in order to prevent centre rot. Birch is a middle-of-the-road firewood choice with an aesthetically clean appearance. Birch produces 20.8-million BTUs per cord.

Bur oak bark is dark brown and deeply furrowed. The tree gets its name from its acorns, which look like burs from the burdock plant. Oak grows in dry areas, shallow limestone soils and river terraces. Oak tops the scale for heat production, but can be difficult to ignite and doesn’t produce much flame. Its ability to produce long-lasting coals makes it a good choice for closed stoves where heat production is the goal. An excellent firewood. Oak produces 28.2-million BTUs per cord.

Tamarack bark is pinkish and somewhat flaky, with reddish inner bark. Tamarack grows in low, wet areas. This deciduous conifer is the only tree with needles that fall in autumn. It’s something of an oxymoron in the evolution of trees as it is still deciding whether to be coniferous or deciduous. Also called larch, tamarack firewood is plentiful right now because the eastern larch beetle is killing most of the tamarack trees in eastern Manitoba. The wood is dense and has a very high heating value. I’ve heard stories of wood stoves and chimney pipes glowing from the extremely high temperatures that result when burning too much tamarack.

Birch (white birch)

Oak (bur oak)

Tamarack (larch)

Ken Fosty is a Certified Manitoba Arborist with over 30 years of professional experience in the forestry field, and a motorcycle enthusiast.Photos by Ken Fosty. This article was originally published in the Fall 2013 issue of The Cottager.

For more on firewood, visit WAM's Wood-Wise Firewood Information Centre online at www.woodlotmanitoba.com/wood-wise.

10 The Manitoba Woodlot

Why become a member of WAM?

As a member you will be promoting active stewardship of Manitoba’s privately owned woodlands, woodlots and family forests. You will also receive a great deal, including:

—A bi-monthly newsletter, complete with up-to-date information of upcoming events, current woodlot/forestry/conservation issues, and wood products/services available in your area. The Manitoba Woodlot newsletter can be mailed to a Canadian address or accessible on-line to members only in advance of being made available to the public. On-line access saves WAM the costs for postage and printing, and members can view the newsletter in colour. View past issues of The Manitoba Woodlot at woodlotmanitoba.com/newsletter.

—Special members-only rates for events and workshops.

—Opportunities to participate in field days, demonstrations, conferences, workshops and meetings on topics related to woodlot management.

—Free classified ads in The Manitoba Woodlot.

—If you operate a commercial woodlot or agrowoodlot, the WAM membership fee is a tax deductible business expense.

—Membership in WAM is open to individuals and businesses. Dues are $30.00. Those interested in membership can telephone (204) 467-8648, or apply/renew membership on-line at woodlotmanitoba.com/about-us/membership.

Forests are a major source of wealth for Canadians, providing a wide range of economic, social and environmental benefits.

In 2012, the Canadian forest sector provided direct employment for 224,410 people in jobs that tend to be highly skilled and well paid. Another 350,000 people are indirectly employed by the sector, in related jobs in areas such as construction, engineering and transportation.

In 2013, production in the forest sector contributed $19.7 billion—or 1.2%—to Canada’s real gross domestic product (GDP). In a global context, Canada has the world’s largest forest product trade balance—C$19.3 billion (2013)—a position it has held for as long as trustworthy trade statistics have been compiled. While other countries may produce more of one product or another, no nation derives more net benefit from trade in forest products than Canada, and the gap between Canada and the second largest net trader (Sweden) has been expanding continuously since 2009.

There are three main forest industry subsectors:• Solid wood product manufacturing – Firms in this

area engage in both primary (such as softwood lumber and structural panels) and secondary (such as millwork and engineered wood products) manufacturing for domestic consumption and export. This subsector accounted for approximately 44% of the forest sector’s contribution to the Canadian economy (as measured by real GDP) in 2013.

• Pulp and paper product manufacturing – Companies in this area produce a wide range of products, covering everything from newsprint and household tissues to dissolving pulp for rayon production. This subsector accounted for approximately 36% of the contribution of the forest sector to the Canadian economy in 2013.

• Forestry and logging – Firms in this area are responsible for field operations and harvesting of timber, including felling and hauling it to the mill. In 2013, this sector accounted for 20% of the forest sector’s contribution to the Canadian economy.

For more information on Canada's forests, visit the Natural Resources Canada website at www.nrcan.gc.ca/forests/industry/13311.

Natural Resources Canada

Canada’s forest industry by the numbers

Summer 2014 11

Membership Application for 2014

Membership fee 2014 $30.00Renewal fee 2014 $30.00

NameMailing Address

EmailTelephone

I am particularly interested in the following:

Firewood and biomass energyWildlife habitat enhancementSoil and water conservationLand stewardshipRecreation, eco-tourismWood products, logging, sawmillsSpecialty or non-traditional products (i.e., berries, mushrooms, maple syrup)Christmas treesAll of the above

Would you like to receive your copy of The Manitoba Woodlot via email?Yes No

Do you require a receipt? Yes No (WAM provides receipts only upon request.)

Thank you for becoming involved and for supporting Manitoba’s privately owned woodlands, woodlots and family forests.

Mail to:Woodlot Association of Manitobac/o Allan Webb, Secretary-TreasurerBox 43Stonewall, MB R0C 2Z0

You can sign-up on-line by going towoodlotmanitoba.com/about-us/membership.

Forest product markets are cyclical, experiencing significant ups and downs over the economic cycle. This constant state of shifting circumstances creates both challenges and opportunities.

In recent years, Canada’s forest industry has undergone an especially deep cyclical decline, coupled with structural changes in world markets. In particular, the rise of electronic media has resulted in deep decline for paper-based communications products—including several products (such as newsprint) that have traditionally been critical to the Canadian pulp and paper subsector.

In response to these challenges, the forest industry has begun to transform itself along four distinct lines: market development, operational efficiency, business process change and new product development.

One of the most exciting elements of this transformation has been the new and innovative products, materials and services being produced in Canada’s forest sector. These include new building materials, biofuels that can substitute for fossil fuels, and biochemicals that can be used to produce bio-based pharmaceuticals, biodegradable plastics, personal care products and industrial chemicals. Chief among these are cellulosic fibrils and nano-crystalline cellulose—next-generation pulp-based products with the potential to revolutionize the pulp and paper sector.

These and other emerging technologies and business processes offer new ways of generating social, economic and environmental values for Canadians from our abundant forest resource. They generate value from a wider range of forest products and processes than traditional milling and pulping.

Whether co-located with an existing establishment or a result of a greenfield investment, these new technologies and business processes increase overall industry productivity: additional revenue streams are available from each log harvested, diversifying product lines to stabilize economic performance and boosting the share of renewable products in the marketplace. These new technologies will also create opportunities for new entrants, enhancing competition and entrepreneurialism in the industry.

New product development key to forestry transformationNatural Resources Canada

12 The Manitoba Woodlot

Publications Mail Agreement No. 41591026Return undeliverable Canadian addressed copies to:Woodlot Association of Manitoba900 Corydon Ave., Winnipeg, MB R3M 0Y4

EQUIPMENT FOR SALE1985 John Deere 544C 100 HP Wheel Loader for sale. 4 wheel drive, 3855 hours showing, rebuilt engine and transmission in 2011, 2nd owner, includes log forks (5' long), hydraulic grapple and large (4 yard) quick attach bucket. Perfect for loading and unloading logs/lumber, moving snow, pallets and general construction. 1st owner used it for a sawmill, 2nd owner for loading firewood and logs. Reason for selling: more tractor than I need. Contact Clint at 204-453-7788 or clint@firewoodmanitoba.ca. Asking $24,000 OBO.

Nyle 200 Kiln complete with controls and two fans, $2500. Call Len at 204-423-2180.

Moulder/Planer, 4-headed. Over $9,000.00 in tooling (v joint, flooring, 6 different casing knives, etc.). Blower unit, electrical, 2004 cat, generator, 60kw. Knives and profiles included. In excellent condition. Buyer could be set up and running in one day. Asking $30,000.00. Call (807) 344-7514.

1999 Model LT 40 Wood-Mizer Sawmill. Includes 33 HP Kubota diesel motor, power feed, power up/down, debarker, auto clutch, shingle maker, and lapsider, Lubemizer. Cuts to 36”

diameter, 21’ long; with bed extension up to 27’. Comes on wheels. Excellent condition. Asking $18,900.00. Telephone (204) 429-2135.

All sizes of slasher, sawmill and cord wood new blades. Resharpening used 22”/42”/48”/50” sawmill blades and 26” cord wood blades. Skate sharpener, chipper, blower, debarker, planer, circular sawmill, bandsaw mill, feller buncher ($200,000.00). Used drum roll band saw sharpener ($250.00). All types of saw blade sharpening equipment. 592 Talbot Ave., Winnipeg. Contact Norm at Dr. Saw (204) 667-6373 or see www.drsaw.ca.

EQUIPMENT WANTEDSawmill equipment and saw blades any size, shape and condition. If you want to sell/buy logs, lumber and sawmill equipment, we can provide you with contacts. 592 Talbot Ave., Winnipeg. Contact Norm at Dr. Saw (204) 667-6373 or see www.drsaw.ca.

SERVICESManitoba hardwoods. Elm, ash, maple custom cutting with Wood-Mizer mill. Bob Gass, McCreary, (204) 835-2631.

Saw blade repair/sharpening. We roll, tension, straighten and balance saw blades (instead of hammering). All types

of saw blades and tools sharpened. Weld all types of carbide tip saws (Slasher and Feller Buncher teeth). 592 Talbot Ave., Winnipeg. Contact Norm at Dr. Saw (204) 667-6373 or see www.drsaw.ca.

SAWLOGS WANTEDInterested in purchasing any type of saw log you have available. Contact Roger in Roseile at (204) 828-3386.

FIREWOOD LOGS WANTEDWanted: Firewood logs delivered and unloaded in Stony Mountain area. 16' long or longer, tamarack preferred but open to other species. Ideally 16" at stump end but will accept 8" to 20" at stump end. Contact Clint at 204-453-7788 or clint@firewoodmanitoba.ca. Cash or business cheque paid per load.

LUMBER FOR SALETimber Quota 41 cords softwood annual allowable cut $4500. Call Len at 204-423-2180.

Hardwood lumber: oak, ash and basswood. Air dried. Various sizes and prices. Contact Roger in Roseile at (204) 828-3386.

MISC. FOR SALETwo cases of mesh tree guards, with 500 per box. Price 20-cents per guard. Contact Barry at 204-423-2273.

Classified ads are free for WAM members.