Physical Activity Sport Studies

8/11/2019 Physical Activity Sport Studies

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PASS NOTES

Technology, participation and Performance

Preparation and performance technology

To prepare for performance a participant can use a variety of technology applications.

Some of these include:

Drinking a sports drink

Listen to MP3 to mentally prepare your self

Recording technique and modifying action to improve skill

Heart ratemonitorto prepare for physical activity

Comprises of a recorder and a receive

Helps participant exercise at the required exertion levelbest results and safety

Data collectedheart rate, time, distance covered, average and peak speeds

Data collected can be graphedthis asissts with the athletes preparation by allowing the

athlete to train with the aqquired intensitry and it helps to evaluate what improvements

they have made

Technique Analysis

Uses cameras and recorders

Athlete is recorded while performing a skill or movement

It captures pictures of the athlete moving

Helps athlete recognise faults and areas for improvement

Coaches can identify weaknesses or incorrect technique and prepare a program to correct

them

Preparing for the performance is important in giving the athlete every chance to succeed.

Performance the application of technology in sport and physical

activityA variety of technologies can be used to assist athletes during physical activity/their performance

It could include changes in clothing, equipment, hydration techniques and safety.

Clothinghave helped improve the ability and safety of an athlete:

Shoesmore comfort, more cushioning, support, grip and styles. Lead to fewer injuries and

Compression garmentsremoves lactic acid build up, speeds up recovery from fatigue,

Fabricse.g. Jerseys made out of Lycra draw out sweat from the body to keep athletes heat

levels lower


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Equipmentrange from medical, safety or actual playing equipment. Scientists have helped

make equipment that is stronger, lighter, faster and more resilient. Athletes with disabilities

can be more active and involved In sports e.g. wheel chairs,prosethetics

Improvements of playing surfaces improvements in grass and level of surfaces, greater use

of watering and cleaning to ensure surfaces last longer.

Judging and Officiating

Tools available to judges:

Cameras

Television

Recording devices

Replays

Invention of television and recording devices has abled judges to replay situations in an event tomake a decision. E.g. tennis players can now challenge a call and ask for a replay using video replay.

Cricketdeciding if the batter is out or not using hotspot

Sensor touch padsused at the start or finish of swimming and athletics. Give accurate timing for

races and enable judges to record exact times to 1/1000th

second. Also catch an athlete who false

starts.

Wireless communicationhelps judges, officials assess performance of athlete and make decisions

E.g. Third umpire in rugby league- wireless technology helps first umpire make a decision whether it

was a try or not.

Impact of Technology

Participation rates

Positive Impacts

Has increased participation in physical activityaffordable sporting equipment such as

treadmills, exercise balls etc. has allowed more people to have access to equipment.

-Improved standards of safety equipment has helped increase participation rates

decreased risk of injury

reduces recovery time. Parents are more likely to let kids

participate if safety equipment is used

Negative impacts

Use of technology as receation

Computers, internet, game stations, television and mobile phones are devices that have

decreased participation rates

25% overweight or obsese in aust.


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Safety and injury prevention- wear appropriate clothing and foot wear for activity-hydration-warm up prior to event prepare mentally reduce chance of injury-protective equipment- abide by rules-set own goals go at own pace- cool down after exercise reduce muscle soreness and stiffness- stop exercise if you injure yourself

Purpose of physical fitness measurement- starting point helps you determine your fitness level helps determine trainingplan- Identify your strengths and weaknesses- monitor progress- motivate or encourage- assist in talent identification searching for athletes whose fitness tests profiles

match elite athletes in sport- provide data for athletes returning from injury

Fitness Testing- Beep test consists of running back and forth between two markers- Flexibility test- Agility test- Body fat percentage test- Sprint test how fast you can run in 60 metres

NUTRITION

Nutrition

The function, description and recommended intake of daily nutrients- see sheet from Talia

Reasons why carbohydrate, fats and proteins are essential for athletesCarbohydrates- athletes preferred source for energy- Endurance athletes benefit the most from carbohydrates stored in the body- Glycogen is the bodys store of carbohydrate- During digestion, the body breaks down carbs to glucose and stores it as glycogenin the muscles- During exercise, the glycogen is converted back to glucose and is used for energy

- If glycogen stores become depleted, the athlete will unable to maintain trainingintensity and will experience fatigue- Carbohydrates should provide 60-70% of total calories - for athlete- Best source of carbohydrates are complex carbs bread, rice, pasta, cereal, fruitsand vegetablesFats- fats also provide the body with fuel-if event lasts more than 1 hour, body may use mostly fats for energy-using fat for energy depends on the events duration and the athletes condition-Consumption of fat should not fall below 15% of total energy intake as it maylimit performance

-fat may contribute as much as 75% of the energy demand during prolongedaerobic work


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Protein- After carbohydrates and fats, protein provides energy for the body- extra protein consumed is stored as fat

Nutritional Planning; intake before, during and after physical activityFueling and hydrating the body are important factors any athlete should considerbefore, during and after physical activityPRE- EVENT- athlete should consume snacks or a light meal dense in carbohydrates about 3-4hours prior to event eating 3-4 hours before event allows for opt. digestion andenergy supply- the bodys main source of energy in physical activity is carbohydrates which isstored in the muscles as glycogen- topping of glycogen stores in muscles can reduce fatigue and help you train orperform at high intensities for longer

- the athlete should try to eat complex carbs e.g. bread, bake beans on toast,cereal, pasta as they provide consistent energy to the body- avoid foods high in fats take longer to digest-dont eat a meal too high in protein- if glycogen stores are high the body will onlyuse 5% of its energy from protein- foods high in sugar lead to a rapid rise in blood sugar, followed by a quick declinein blood sugar and less energy.- the athlete should also consider drinking fluids at intervals before physicalactivity so they can keep hydrated avoid caffeine may lead to dehydration- DONT EAT TO CLOSE TO event cause gastreointestinal discomfort and make youfeel nauseous- drinking fluids too close can cause stomach upsets

DURING EVENT

-

POST EVENT- time to replenish muscles as stores are depleted

- refuel muscle glycogen stores with carbohydrates- repair muscle with protein- rehydrate with fluids and electrolytes

Dietary considerations(Venn Diagram)


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Carbohydrate loading- Carbohydrate Loading is a strategy involving changes to training and nutrition thatcan maximize muscle glycogen (coarbohyrate) stores prior to endurance competitionDoes it improve performance?- the extra supply of carb has been demonstrated to improve performance by allowingathletes to race at high intensities for longer- carb loading can improve performance 2-3%

Purpose- the goal of carb loading is to pack all or your bodys availavle glycogen stores with themaximal amounts of energy- full energy stores allow you to perform at high intensities for longer and delay theonset of fatigue

Disadvantages-can only be used for endurance athletes participating in activity more than 90minutes in length-studies have shown carb loading is less beneficial in women

Factors to consider when planning nutritional intake for physical activity- Age- weight- gender- level of intensity of exercise- how frequent

- duration of the activity Marketed nutritional products and advertising techniques

- many products on the market claim to give athletes a winning edge throughbetter recovery, improved endurance, increased strength, loss of body fat orenhanced immune system- liquid meals- nutritional bars- supplements

- can be misleading

- claim to improve performance- loose weight quickly- strength- better recovery/immune-endurance- bold colours- big writing- good images

Guidelines to evaluate nutritional claimsX - quick and simple resultsX - dramatic statements against science

- specific and factual- simple conclusion


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Hydration

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Physical Activity Sport Studies