ConclusionsPreliminaryresultsofthethreedifferentsamplingareaswereinharmonywithliteraturefindings(Gardin,2005)butstillofgreatvariance,provingtheadaptabilityTuberborchiitowardsenvironmentalpatterns.

1Szent István University, HU2100 Gödöllő, 1 str. Páter Károly, gogan.andrea@mkk.szie.hu 2Micología Forestal & Aplicada, Barcelona, Spain 3Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences University of Bologna, Bologna Italy 4Truffles and Mushrooms (Consulting) Ltd., P.O. Box 268, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand 5Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rua larga, Edf Faculdade de Medicina, Polo I, 1º Piso, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal, amjrazul@ci.uc.pt

PreliminaryresultsonTuberborchiiVitt.ecologicalstudies

AndreaGógánCsorbai1,KatalinPosta1,MarcosMorcillo2,AlessandraZambonelli3,IanR.Hall4,AnabelaMarisaAzul5

IntroductionTuberborchiiVitt.,alsoknownasbianchetto,isconsideredtobeavaluablespeciesamongthewhitetruffles.PlantationshavebeenestablishedinItaly,PortugalSpain, andNew-Zealand (Hall et al., 2007). The natural distribution ofT. borchii is reported fromUnited Kingdom to Hungary, and from Poland to Sicily. It isconsideredcommoninItalywherethespecieshasbeenwidelycultivatedandusedasausefulorganisminmolecularstudies(Muratetal.,2018).Themainhostplantsincludeevergreenoaks,corkoak(QuercussuberL.),holmoak(QuercusilexL.)andkermesoak(QuercuscocciferaL.),stonepine(PinuspineaL.)andmaritimepine(PinuspinasterAit.)butitisalsofrequentunderbroad-leavedtrees,suchasoaks(e.g.,QuercuscerrisL.,Q.pubescensWilld.,Q.roburL.),larch(Larixspp.),andbeech(Fagusspp.).Bianchettotrufflepreferssandy,freedraining,calcareoussoilswithapHaround7.

SoilpropertiesSoilparametersofthesampledsitesprovedtobesimilarconsideringorganicmatter(Figure3),rangingbetween2,76%-3,63%andpH(Figure4)witharangeof6,29-7,55(pHH2O)and5,63-7,33(pHKCl).ThelowestorganicmattercontentwasdetectedinSpainwiththehighestpH.However,limecontentoftheexaminedsoilswasconsiderablydifferent,missingorpresentintracesinPortuguesesoilsandveryhighamountinSpanishsites(Figure5).SoilphysicalcharacteristicsfellintotherangedrawnbyHalletal.(2007)withaslightseparationofPortuguesesites.Itisworthtonotethattheamountofgravelswashigh(~30%)inPortuguesesoils,alsopresentinSpanishsamples(~10%)whiletotallymissinginHungariansoils.

BotanicalresultsPreviousstudiesreportedawiderangeofhostplantsinEurope,Q.suber(Azuletal.2010)andP.pinea(Azuletal.2014)inPortugal;PinussylvestrisL.,Q.ilex,Q.pubescens,andQ.cocciferainSpain;andQ.cerrisandQ.roburinHungary.Canopycoveragerangesfrom10%to35%inPortugal,40-80%inSpainand85-90%inHungary(Figures6-8).

Figure6.HungarianT.borchiihabitatFigure7.PortugueseT.borchiihabitat Figure8.SpanishT.borchiihabitat

Figure5CaCO3contentofT.borchiisoilsFigure4SoilpHofT.borchiisoilsFigure3OrganicmaterialcontentofT.borchiisoils

Figure2Physicalpropertiesofsoilofthestudiedsites(followingHalletal.2007)

MaterialsandmethodsThepresentinvestigationfocusesonnaturalTuberborchiihabitats,andplantations,locatedinHungary,Portugaland Spain (Figure 1.). The characterisation of soil properties and detailed description of habitats have beingconducted in truffières of those countries, and the presence of truffle mycorrhizae is being measured bymorphological/anatomicaltools.Here,somepreliminaryresultsoftherunningstudy.

Figure1Samplingsites

ReferencesAzulAMetal.(2014)FirstinsightsonTuberborchiidistributioninbothnaturalforestsandexperimentaltrufflefieldsinPortugal.InternationalCongressonMycorrhizae,Marrakesh,Morocco,October15-17.AzulAMetal.(2010)Mycorrhiza20,73--88Gardin L (2005) I tartufiminori in Toscana. Gli ambienti di crescita dei tartufimarzuolo e scorzone. Quaderno ARSIA,January2005.Hall I, BrownG& Zambonelli A (2007) Taming the Truffle. TheHistory, Lore, and Science of theUltimateMushroom.TimberPress,Portland,OR.MuratC,KuoA,BarryKW,etal.(2018)DraftgenomesequenceofTuberborchiiVittad.,awhitishedibletruffle.GenomeAnnounc6:e00537-18.

AcknowledgementTÉT_16-1-2016-0076project,AgreementbetweenPortugal(FCT)andHungary(NKTH)ID6818.