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microGen Generations of Power™
2014 IEEE ECTC (Orlando, FL) presentation
Robert Andosca, Ph.D. Co-founder, President and CEO
May 27, 2014
‘Internet of Things’ Wireless sensors !!
CONNECTED VEHICLES
RETAIL
COMMUNICATIONS
INDUSTRIAL AND BUILDING
MEDICAL/ HEALTH
2
MicroGen’s primary markets
May 27, 2014
IoT problem: Battery life !!!
“Energy is a challenge. To power
trillions of sensors requires
energy and per unit it will have to
be reduced from today's levels.
It will need to be derived from
light, vibration, thermal energy
scavengers.”
– Janusz Brysek, Ph.D. Chairperson Trillion Sensor
Summit and VP MEMS/Sensors
Fairchild Semiconductor
Source: T-Sensor Summit, Stanford University, Oct 23-25 2013
Source: EE Times, Nov 11, 2013
3 May 27, 2014
IoT alternative EH power sources
10% Solar
20% Vibration – induction
24% Vibration – piezoelectric
46% Thermal
4
Source: IDTechEx (January 2014)
Currently
$$$
May 27, 2014
Energy harvesting (EH) types:
Current IoT power sources comparison
5
Piezoelectric vibration – small and low cost
Induction vibration – large and high cost
Thermal energy generators – large and high cost
Small-scale solar – moderately small and low cost
Requires large cooling fins and heat sinks
Magnetic B-fields do not scale well: 10X size reduction 104 B-field reduction
Difficult to fabricate at micro-scale
e.g. coils are costly to make and low permeability r of thin-film magnetic
Low power generation indoors
e.g. SolChip and Panasonic are 5 and 60 mW DC with indoor lighting, respectively
Non-standard materials – MicroPelt built dedicated fab
MicroGen uses standard piezo-MEMS fabrication techniques
100-1000 mW DC currently, where 100 mW will power most wireless sensors May 27, 2014
6
Perpetuum’s Induction Vibration EH
Large device, several hundred $ each
What is MEMS?
Uses the same fabrication
techniques as computer chips
Typically have an electrically
actuated moving component
Micro Electro
Mechanical Systems
7
(but not always)
May 27, 2014
What is piezoelectricity?
Mechanically straining a piezoelectric
crystal causes asymmetry inducing an
internal electric D-field pushing and
pulling charge Q.
Piezoelectricity – Discovered in
1885 by the Curie Brothers
8
When the piezo-capacitor is electrically
connected to ground charge Q is pushed
and pulled from its electrodes creating
alternating current (AC). This AC is then
converted to DC electricity and stored.
–Q
External force (e.g. vibration)
+Q
(a) (b)
May 27, 2014
How it works – “Resonant mode”
Low cost wafer-level packaged
piezoelectric MEMS
vibration energy harvestor
Resonant frequency f1 ~ k
M
9
See video of simple operation
BOLT™ – Used for industrial and building applications
M k
external vibration
May 27, 2014
How it works – “Impulse mode”
A high quality factor Q
oscillator will “ring” at its
“natural” or resonant
frequency when impulsed.
10
M k
VIBE™ – Used for Intelligent Tire Systems (ITS) tire mounted TPMS apps
Click here to view demo
May 27, 2014
MicroGen’s micro-power sources
Piezoelectric MEMS
Vibration Energy Harvesters
and Power Cells
Superior power generation
from small form-factors
Low cost, long life, high
reliability and green energy
In volume production
at X-FAB in Germany
wafer-level packaged harvester
Power Cells
11 May 27, 2014
32
90
150
225 281
506
911
800
1,200 1,500
2,700
4,860
10.0
100.0
1000.0
10000.0A
C P
ow
er
(mW
)
0.6
Transfer as at Cornell
Production – Design change #0
Planned design change #1
Design change #2
Future design
improvements (die shrinks)
Production
transfer R & D
verified by test
Design change #4
Design change #3
Power/ chip size roadmap
VIBE™ – TPMS
600 Hz
BOLT™ – Industrial
120 Hz
12
12 x 12
Die
siz
e (
mm
2)
9 x 9
6 x 6
15 x 15
3 x 3
18 x 18
May 27, 2014
13
Conclusion – Need for IoT applications
Assumption: A low cost, small wireless sensor node
(including IC, sensor, and RF radio) requires
a low cost, small power source
Most current EH types are expensive
Most current EH types are large
Bottom line:
Need to develop more low cost, small EH sources
Need more companies to produce such devices (need more investment $$$)
May 27, 2014
< $1-2 each
in volume
robert.andosca
twitter.com/microgensystems
www.facebook.com/MicroGenSystems
www.youtube.com/microgensystemsinc
www.linkedin.com/microgen-systems-inc
angel.co/microgen-systems microGen Generations of Power™
May 27, 2014
Dr. Robert Andosca President and CEO
MicroGen Systems, Inc. 150 Lucius Gordon Dr, Rochester, NY 14586
2040 Martin Avenue, Santa Clara, CA 95050
+1 (617) 447-1876 mobile
