To know that the disbelievers (kuffar) whom the Messenger of Allah (saw) fought acknowledged Allah as the sole Creator, Provider and the One in Whose hand is all affairs i.e. They acknowledged the Rububiyyah of

Allah, just as in our times people of other faiths may ultimately recognize Allah’s Rubibiyyah.

However, these kuffar were not considered Muslims [even though they acknowledged the Rububiyyah of Allah] It is not enough to aknowledge Allah’s

Rububiyyah to be considered a Muslim

They must direct all acts of worship to Allah alone. This is the crux of the matter between the two

camps – Muslims and Kuffar of Makkah This is important for us to know because it is

the very thing we make da’wah to and it is the thing that differentiates us and them

اء� م� ك�م م�ن� الس� ق� ز� ق�ل م�ن ي�رع� م ل�ك� الس� ض� أ�م م�ن ي�م ر

� و�األي� ر�ج� ال ح� ار� و�م�ن ي�خ �ب ص� األ و�

ي&ت� م�ن� ر�ج� ال م� ي�خ ي&ت� و� م�ن� ال م�ر� �م ي& و�م�ن ي�د�ب&ر� األ ال ح�

ال� ل أ�ف� ق� ول�ون� الل�ه� ف� ي�ق� ف�س�ون� ت�ت�ق�

Say (O Muhammad ): "Who provides for you from the sky and from the earth? Or who owns hearing and sight? And who brings out the living from the dead and brings out the dead from the living? And who

disposes the affairs?" They will say: "Allah." Say: "Will you not then be afraid

of Allah's Punishment (for setting up rivals in worship with Allah)?"

Yunus vs. 31

The Mushrikeen say: “We do not call upon them [idols] but only approach them to seek nearness to Allah and intercession through them” They say the reason they go to idols and these

sorts of things is to get close to Allah

However Allah says that they are worshipping the idols:

ا ﴿ ل�ي�اء� م� وذ�وا م�ن د�ون�ه� أ� ال�ذ�ين� ات�خ� و�

�ل�ى الل�ه� ب�ون�ا إ ر& ن�ع ب�د�ه�م إ�ال� ل�ي�ق�ا م ف�ي م� ك�م� ب�ي ن�ه� ى إ�ن� الل�ه� ي�ح ل ف� ز�د�ي ون� إ�ن� الل�ه� ال� ي�ه ت�ل�ف� يه� ي�خ ه�م ف�

ار< و� ك�اذ�ب< ك�ف� ]3[الزمر:﴾م�ن ه�

...And those who take Auliya' (protectors and helpers) besides Him (say): "We

worship them only that they may bring us near to Allah." Verily, Allah will judge

between them concerning that wherein they differ. Truly, Allah guides not him

who is a liar, and a disbeliever. Az-Zumar vs. 3

And the proof that seeking intercession from other than Allah [idols, trees, stones etc] is shirk:

﴿ ه�م Bر ا ال� ي�ض� ي�ع ب�د�ون� م�ن د�ون� الل�ه� م� و�ء� ؤ�ال� ول�ون� ه� ي�ق� م و� ع�ه� و�ال� ي�ن ف�

�ت�ن�ب&ئ�ون� الل�ه� ل أ ن د� الل�ه� ق� ن�ا ع� ع�اؤ� ف� ش�او�ات� و�ال� ف�ي م� ا ال� ي�ع ل�م� ف�ي الس� ب�م�

ا ت�ع�ال�ى ع�م� ان�ه� و� ب ح� ض� س� ر� األ

ر�ك�ون� ]18[يونس:﴾ي�ش

And they worship besides Allah things that hurt them not, nor profit them, and they

say: "These are our intercessors with Allah." Say: "Do you inform Allah of that which He knows not in the heavens and on the earth?" Glorified and Exalted be

He above all that which they associate as partners with Him!

Yunus vs. 18

Shafa’ah = Intercession, seeking someone to plead on your behalf

Ex. We contact our MP’s to ask the PM to do something for our community. This is seeking intercession.

There are 2 types of Intercession with Allah:1. Void2. Confirmed or allowed

1. The Void or annulled form of intercession is that which is sought from other than Allah for needs that only Allah can fulfill. The proof of that:

ا ﴿ م� وا م� ق� ن�وا أ�نف� ا ال�ذ�ين� آم� �يBه� ي�ا أب ل� أ�ن ي�أ ت�ي� ي�و م< ال� ن�اك�م م�ن ق� ق ز� ر�

اع�ة< ف� ل�ة< و�ال� ش� يه� و�ال� خ� ب�ي ع< ف�ون� ه�م الظ�ال�م�ون� ال ك�اف�ر� ﴾و�

]254[البقرة: .

O you who believe! Spend of that with which We have provided for you, before a

Day comes when there will be no bargaining, nor friendship, nor

intercession. And it is the disbelievers who are the Zalimun (wrong-doers, etc.).

Al Baqarah vs. 254

2. Intercession which is valid and permitted

This is intercession that is sought from Allah. The intercessor whom Allah approves is the none who is honoured by the privilege to intercede while the one who is interceded for, is he who Allah is pleased with. Intercession for such a person is granted only with the permission of Allah