Prof. Ahmed Fathalla Prof. Ahmed Fathalla &

DrDr. Sanaa Alshaarawy

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVESAt the end of the lecture, students should:At the end of the lecture, students should: List the name the name of muscles of anterior compartment of anterior compartment of

thigh.thigh. Describe the anatomy of muscles of anterior anterior

compartment of thigh compartment of thigh regarding: origin, insertion, origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.nerve supply and actions.

List the name the name of muscles of medial compartment of medial compartment of thigh.thigh.

Describe the anatomy of muscles of medial medial compartment of thigh compartment of thigh regarding: origin, insertion, origin, insertion, nerve supply and actions.nerve supply and actions.

Describe the anatomy of femoral triangle femoral triangle & & adductor adductor canalcanal regarding: site, boundaries and contents.: site, boundaries and contents.

HIP JOINT

The thigh is divided into 3 compartments3 compartments by 3 intermuscular septa (extending from deep fascia into femur)

Anterior CompartmentAnterior CompartmentExtensors of knee:Extensors of knee: Quadriceps femorisFlexors of hip:Flexors of hip: 1. Sartorius 2. Pectineus 3. psoas major 4. IliacusNerve supply: Nerve supply: Femoral nerveFemoral nerve

Medial CompartmentMedial CompartmentAdductors of hip:Adductors of hip: 1. Adductor longus 2. Adductor brevis 3. Adductor magnus (adductor part) 4. GracilisNerve supply:Nerve supply: Obturator nerveObturator nerve

Posterior CompartmentPosterior CompartmentFlexors of knee & extensors of hip:Flexors of knee & extensors of hip: HamstringsNerve supply:Nerve supply: Sciatic nerveSciatic nerve

ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THIGH ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT OF THIGH

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PMPMII

Vastus Intermedius(deep to rectus femoris)

RFRFVVLL

VVMM

NERVE SUPPLY:NERVE SUPPLY:Femoral nerveFemoral nerve

Quadriceps femorisQuadriceps femoris

SARTORIUSSARTORIUS

ORIGINORIGINAnterior superior iliac spine

INSERTIONINSERTIONUpper part of medial surface of tibia

ACTIONACTION(TAILOR’S POSITION)(TAILOR’S POSITION)

Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of hip jointFlexion of knee joint

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PECTINEUSPECTINEUSORIGIN:ORIGIN:Superior pubic ramusINSERTION:INSERTION:Back of femur (below lesser trochanter)ACTION:ACTION:Flexion & adduction of hip joint

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ILIOPSOAS: ILIACUS & PSOAS MAJORILIOPSOAS: ILIACUS & PSOAS MAJOR

INSERTION:INSERTION:Lesser trochanter of femur

ACTION:ACTION:Flexion of hip joint

PPMM

II

II PPMM

QUADRICEPS FEMORISQUADRICEPS FEMORISORIGIN:ORIGIN:Rectus femoris: Rectus femoris: Anterior inferior iliac spine (Hip bone)Vastus intermedius:Vastus intermedius:Front of shaft of femurVastus medialis:Vastus medialis:Posterior border of femurVastus lateralis:Vastus lateralis:Posterior border of femur

QUADRICEPS FEMORISQUADRICEPS FEMORIS

INSERTION:INSERTION:Into PATELLA PATELLA (Patella is a sesamoid (Patella is a sesamoid bone)bone)From patella into TUBEROSITY OF TIBIA TUBEROSITY OF TIBIA through LIGAMENTUM LIGAMENTUM PATELLAE (PATELLAR PATELLAE (PATELLAR LIGAMENT)LIGAMENT)

ACTION:ACTION:Extension of knee jointExtension of knee joint

MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF MEDIAL COMPARTMENT OF THIGHTHIGH

MUSCLES:MUSCLES:1.1.Adductor longusAdductor longus2.2.Adductor brevisAdductor brevis3.3.Adductor magnus Adductor magnus (Adductor part)(Adductor part)4.4.GracilisGracilisACTION:ACTION:ADDUCTION OF HIP ADDUCTION OF HIP JOINTJOINTN.B.: Gracilis also flexes N.B.: Gracilis also flexes knee jointknee jointNERVE SUPPLY:NERVE SUPPLY:OBTURATOR NERVEOBTURATOR NERVE

Adductor magnus(Adductor portion)

Adductor magnus(Hamstring portions)

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InsertionInsertionPosterior border of femur (Linea Aspera)

Upper part of medialsurface of tibia

(behind sartorius)

Adductor longusAdductor longus Adductor brevisAdductor brevisAdductor magnusAdductor magnus

(adductor part)(adductor part)GracilisGracilis

OriginOriginBody of pubis Body of pubis

Inferior pubic ramus

Inferior pubic ramusIschial ramus

Adductor partAdductor part

Hamstring partHamstring part

Adductor hiatusAdductor hiatus

FEMORAL TRIANGLEFEMORAL TRIANGLESITE:SITE:Upper third of front of thigh

BOUNDARIES:BOUNDARIES:Base: inguinal ligamentLateral: medial border of sartoriusMedial: medial border of adductor longus

ROOF:ROOF:SkinFasciae: superficial & deep

FLOOR: FLOOR: From medial to lateralFrom medial to lateralAdductor longusPectineusPsoas majorIliacus

Base: inguinal ligamentBase: inguinal ligament

LateraLaterall MedialMedial

SSAALL

PP

PMPMII

FEMORAL TRIANGLEFEMORAL TRIANGLECONTENTS:CONTENTS:Femoral veinFemoral veinFemoral arteryFemoral arteryBoth vein & artery are enclosed in a fascial envelope (Femoral Femoral sheathsheath)Femoral nerveFemoral nerveDeep inguinal lymph Deep inguinal lymph nodesnodes

DEFINITION: DEFINITION: intermascular passage for intermascular passage for A fascial envelope for femoral artery & veinSITE:SITE: In middle third of front of thighEXTENT:EXTENT: From apex of femoral triangle to adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus)BOUNDARIES:BOUNDARIES: *Roof: Sartorius *Floor: Adductor longus & magnus

ADDUCTOR CANALADDUCTOR CANAL(Subsartorial canal)(Subsartorial canal)

THANK YOUTHANK YOU