Progressive Presidents

• The Progressive Movement used government to reform problems created by industrialization.• Theodore Roosevelt’s “Square

Deal” & Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom”

The Big Four at the Treaty of Versailles

• Wilson’s 14 points• League of

Nations• Blames

Germany for the war (War Guilt Clause)

•Mandate System

Black Migration

• During the late 19th and early 20th century, African Americans began the “Great Migration” to Northern cities in search of jobs and to escape poverty and discrimination in the South.

Hawley-Smoot Tariff• Highest protective tariff to date•Wildly prohibitive duty on

imported goods resulted with 25 nations passing laws to restrict purchases American goods • Trade collapses…Bank Panic

Stock Market crash of 1929

• Over-speculation on stocks using borrowed money that could not be repaid. When the stock market crashed in 1929, stock prices collapsed, millions were left unemployed• Banks failed

The Great Depression• Causes of the depression• The New Deal:

This program changed the role of the government to a more active participant in

solving problems.Roosevelt rallied a frightened nation in

which one in four workers was unemployed. (“We have nothing to fear,

but fear itself.”)

The New Deal• FDR closes the banks • Orders 4 billion dollars to federal

banks to sure up the money supply• Government involvement vs.

laissez-faire approach to recovery

FDR & the “New Deal”•Master politician, the fireside

chats• •Major programs: FDIC, WPA, AAA,

Social security

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941

• “ A day that will live in infamy” FDR• U.S. declares

war on Japan the next day

Japanese-American Interment Camps during WW II

D-DAY June 6th, 1944 Liberation of Europe

Manhattan Project & the Atomic Bomb

• Project to develop the atomic bomb in New Mexico

More WW II stuff• Term: island hopping, how the

U.S. moved across the Pacific to defeat the Japanese• The battle of El Alimien in North

Africa•Midway, the turning point in the

Pacific

Nuremberg Trials

Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe

Cold War

• The Marshall Plan• Truman Doctrine – policy of

containment• Berlin Wall erected in 1961

NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization & Collective Security

• The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was formed as a defensive alliance among the United States and western European countries to prevent a Soviet invasion of Western Europe. Soviet allies in Eastern Europe formed the Warsaw Pact and for nearly 50 years both sides maintained large military forces facing each other in Europe.

Mao & Communist China• By 1949,

Communist forces control mainland China• Break from the

Soviets

McCarthyism & the Red Scare

• Red Scare

• Senator Joseph McCarthy played on American fears of communism by recklessly accusing many American governmental officials and citizens of being communists based on flimsy or no evidence. This led to the coining of the term McCarthyism, or the making of false accusations based on rumor or guilt by association.

• Jonas Salk finds a cure for polio

Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas 1954

• Plessy vs. Ferguson reversed

• Virginia closes public schools

• Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP

Dr. Martin Luther KingNon-violent protest

Gandhi

FidelCastro

• Fidel Castro led a communist revolution that took over Cuba in the late 1950s. Many Cubans fled to Florida and later attempted to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro. This “Bay of Pigs” invasion failed.

• In 1962, the Soviet Union stationed missiles in Cuba, instigating the Cuban Missile Crisis. President Kennedy ordered the Soviets to remove their missiles and for several days the world was on the brink of nuclear war. Eventually, the Soviet leadership “blinked” and removed their missiles.

• Civil Rights Act of 1964• The act prohibited discrimination based on

race, religion, national origin, and gender.• It also desegregated public accommodations.• Voting Rights Act of 1965• The act outlawed literacy tests.• Federal registrars were sent to the South to

register voters.• The act resulted in an increase in African

American voters.

Vietnam War

• Gulf of Tonkin• Tet Offensive• Vietnamization

July, 1969

• President Kennedy’s dream fulfilled•Man lands on

the moon

A Conservative Shift• Tax Cuts• Supply-side

economics (trickle down theory)• Recession &

Recovery

Sandra Day O’Connor

1st Woman appointed to the Supreme Court of the United States

Fall of the Soviet Union• 1989, satellite nations

forced democratic elections• Berlin Wall comes

down• East & West Germany

reunited

• Pro-democracy student protest leads to a violent crackdown on Chinese citizens• Human Rights at

issueChina, 1989

World’s Hot Spots – The Middle East

• Persian Gulf• Ongoing Middle

East conflict• Oil

• OPEC

• Operation Desert Storm• Desert Storm…Kuwait is

liberated after Iraq invasion• UN effort led by the United

States (Persian Gulf War, 1991)

The End

• This does not include everything, but it does cover a sufficient amount of material that should insure your success on the Virginia SOL exam• Good Luck!!!