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Roosevelt’s Square Deal. Roosevelt Rises to the Presidency. Graduate of Harvard Loved wildlife Named Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President McKinley. Formed Rough Riders in Spanish American War. (Calvary Unit) Elected Governor of N.Y. Progressive beliefs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Roosevelt’s Square Deal
Roosevelt Rises to the Presidency
Graduate of Harvard Loved wildlife Named Assistant Secretary of the
Navy under President McKinley. Formed Rough Riders in Spanish
American War. (Calvary Unit) Elected Governor of N.Y. Progressive beliefs Vice President under McKinley and
became President when he was assassinated
•Teddy Bear named after him.
•Square Deal=keep the wealthy from taking advantage of the poor and small business owners.
Square Deal•TR believed in the “capitalistic
system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.
•TR was a Hamiltonian but for the betterment of the “common man” as
opposed to benefit the elite.
Square Deal•TR believed in the “capitalistic
system” but believed that the system must be regulated by US Govt.
•TR was a Hamiltonian but for the betterment of the “common man” as
opposed to benefit the elite.
•TR believed the U.S. Government was running the country and not the rich and corrupt industrialists….
•U.S. Government involvement with “regulatory agencies”….Similar to “checks and balances”
Square Deal•Reforms of the Progressives
start with President Roosevelt….
•Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit”
of the Presidency were the following:
•Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts
•Take the side of labor
•Railroads
•Limiting corruption in the workplace
•Conservation
Square Deal•Reforms of the Progressives
start with President Roosevelt….
•Areas which he wanted to reform and use the “bully pulpit”
of the Presidency were the following:
•Bad Trusts vs. Good Trusts
•Take the side of labor
•Railroads
•Limiting corruption in the workplace
•Conservation
TR, the “Trustbuster”
•Department of Labor
•Bureau of Corporations
•Filed more than 40 anti-trust suits using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
•Northern Securities
•Standard Oil
•Swift Beef
The Trustbuster Trust- Group of separate companies
that are placed under the control of a single managing board in order to form a monopoly.
Coal miners strike 1902- Threatens to send in federal troops to end strike.
Federal government steps in for 1st time and helped workers in a labor dispute.
Formed Department of Commerce and Labor
Railroad Reforms to boost the Railroad Reforms to boost the Interstate Commerce Interstate Commerce
Commission.Commission.
•Elkins ActElkins Act
•Anti-Rebate Act or Anti- Kick Back Act
•Regulates common carriers of people and freight, UPS, Greyhound, Amtrak, etc.
•Hepburn ActHepburn Act
•Regulates rates for passengers and freight
•Air travel cost controls
•Air freight price controls
Railroads
Enforces Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Sherman Anti-Trust Act- banned any trust that restrained interstate trade or commerce.
Broke up many trusts including Northern Securities Company (r.r. company) and beef trusts.
Supported large corporations as long as they did business fairly.
Regulating Food and Drug Industries
Upton Sinclair - The Jungle
Meat Inspection Act- Required federal agents to inspect meat that went across state lines and to inspect plants.
Pure Food and Drug Act- Federal agents to inspect other foods and medicines and banned interstate shipment of impure food and the mislabeling of food and drugs.
Today FDA (Food and Drug Adm.) enforces the law.
•Reading The Jungle, TR brought about reform in
proposing and signing into law the Meat Inspection Act, 1906
•All meat sold must inspected
•Must be marked by Federal inspectors and graded.
•Meat industry cleaned up.
•Fish is regulated.
•Reading The Jungle, TR brought about reform in
proposing and signing into law the Meat Inspection Act, 1906
•All meat sold must inspected
•Must be marked by Federal inspectors and graded.
•Meat industry cleaned up.
•Fish is regulated.
•Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
•Federal inspection to all packaged foods and drugs.
•Labels with medicine as well as food.
•Contents of food and drug packages must be listed
•All additives/chemicals must be listed on labels.
•FDAFDA today or Food and Drug Administration
•Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906
•Federal inspection to all packaged foods and drugs.
•Labels with medicine as well as food.
•Contents of food and drug packages must be listed
•All additives/chemicals must be listed on labels.
•FDAFDA today or Food and Drug Administration
TR’s Conservation PolicyTR’s Conservation Policy•125,000 acres in reserve
•National Reclamation Act 1902
•25 water projects
•Founding of the National Park System
National Forests Conserved and preserved forests.
Gifford Pinchot- Led Division of Forestry in U.S. Department of Agriculture. Idea that forest be preserved for public
use.
John Muir-Created Yosemite National Park in 1890.
At this time they would preserve forests for logging, it later changed into public parks.
•National Reclamation Act gave birth to the Newlands Irrigation
Project.
•Free land to Homesteaders who
wanted to farm Lahontan Valley.
•Dairy farming, hay, beef and sugar beets
•Lake Lahontan and dam built in operation
by 1914
Roosevelt Changes Water Policy
Water was fought over in Southwest.
Private irrigation companies were taking over riverbeds so farmers couldn’t reclaim lost land.
National Reclamation Act 1902- Fed. Government decides where and how water could be distributed. Build and managed dams. Roosevelt and Hoover Dams on
Colorado River. Salt Valley Project in Arizona.
Taft Taft becomes president in 1908
Progressive but had some different ideas from Roosevelt.
Payne-Aldrich Act 1909- Lowered tariffs but not as low as Roosevelt had wanted.
Mann-Elkins Act 1910- Gave gov. control of telegraph and telephone rates.
Dropped Roosevelt’s distinctions between good trusts and bad trusts.
•Busted twice as many trusts as Roosevelt including Standard Oil Company.
•Fired Gifford Pinchot for criticizing Richard Ballinger (Sec. of Interior)▫Ballinger opposed Roosevelt’s
conservation policies, and sold federal land rich with coal deposits to Alaska.
▫Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Roosevelt Strikes Back
New Nationalism-Program to restore government’s trustbusting power.
Declared himself as strong as a bull-moose. Bull-Moose Party- Progressives who were
for Roosevelt for a 3rd term. Included Jane Addams.
Republicans- Supported Taft.
New FreedomGoal: • Favored an active role in
economic and social affairs. • Favored small businesses
and the free functioning and unregulated and unmonopolized markets.
• Tackle the “triple wall of triple wall of privilegeprivilege”: the tariff, the banks, and the trusts.
1. Similar to Roosevelt’s New Nationalism.
Goal: • Continuation of his Square Deal
which were reforms to help the common man.
• Favored a more active govt role in economic and social affairs.
1. Good trusts vs. bad trusts2. Direct election of senators3. Tariff reduction4. Presidential primaries5. Regulation of monopolies6. End child labor7. Initiative and referendum8. Women’s suffrage
New Nationalism