PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM

MENDUKUNG REZIM HAMAD BIN ISA AL-KHALIFA TERHADAP

KONFLIK BAHRAIN (2011-2016)

SKRIPSI

Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar

Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Starata- 1

DEWI KUSUMA ASTUTI

201210360311165

JURUSAN ILMU HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

2018

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Nama : Dewi Kusuma Astuti

NIM : 201210360311165

Jurusan : Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Fakultas : Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik/FISIP

Judul Skripsi : PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEBIJAKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT

DALAM MENDUKUNG REZIM HAMAD BIN ISA AL-

KHALIFA TERHADAP KONFLIK BAHRAIN (2011-2016)

Telah dipertahankan di hadapan Dewan Penguji Ujian Skripsi

Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik

Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional

Dan dinyatakan LULUS

Pada hari: Kamis, 22 Maret 2018

Tempat: Kantor Jurusan FISIP/HI UMM

Mengesahkan,

Dekan FISIP – UMM

Dr. Rinekso Kartono, M.Si

Dewan Penguji:

1. Gonda Yumitro, MA ( )

2. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA ( )

3. Tonny Dian Effendy, M.Soc. Sc ( )

4. Havidz Ageng Prakoso, MA ( )

KATA PENGANTAR

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

Alhamdulillah segala puji syukur kepada Allah SWT Tuhan semesta alam,

yang telah melimpahkan kekuatan dan pertolongan, sehingga penulis bisa

menuntaskan tanggungjawab skripsi ini dengan penuh suka cita. Sholawat serta

salam dihaturkan kepada suri tauladan kita Rasulullah Muhammad SAW, yang

telah menunjukkan cahaya kebenaran Islam sebagai Rahmatan Lil „alamin.

Skripsi dengan judul “Proses Pengambilan Kebijakan Amerika Serikat

Dalam Mendukung Rezim Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa Terhadap Konflik

Bahrain (2011-2016)” disusun sebagai bentuk apresiasi terhadap Ilmu Hubungan

Internasional yang terus berkembang hingga saat ini. Penuntasan karya ilmiah ini

pun merupakan tiket masuk untuk meraih gelar sarjana strata 1 (S1), jurusan Ilmu

Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas

Muhammadiyah Malang.

Penulisan ini diharapkan bisa membawa manfaat bagi para pembaca

maupun penulis, terkhusus bagi para pejuang ilmu pengetahuan yang memiliki

minat dalam Studi Hubungan Internasional di FISIP UMM. Semoga kekurangan

yang terdapat dalam skripsi ini bisa diperbaiki dalam penelitian selanjutnya.

Malang, 21 Februari 2018

Penulis,

Dewi Kusuma Astuti

DAFTAR ISI

Lembar Cover/Sampul ........................................................................................ i

Lembar Persetujuan Skripsi ................................................................................ ii

Lembar Pengesahan ............................................................................................ iii

Lembar Pernyataan Orisinalitas .......................................................................... iv

Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi .......................................................................... v

Kata Pengantar .................................................................................................... vi

Lembar Persembahan .......................................................................................... vii

Abstract ............................................................................................................... x

Abstrak ................................................................................................................ xi

Daftar Isi ............................................................................................................. xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang ..................................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 6

1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................ 6

1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian ....................................................................... 6

1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian ..................................................................... 6

1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu ..................................................................... ....... 7

1.5 Kerangka Teori : Model Birokratik ..................................................... 13

1.6 Metode Penelitian ................................................................................ 15

1.6.1 Jenis Penelitian .......................................................................... 15

1.6.2 Metode Analisis ........................................................................ 15

1.6.3 Tingkat Analisa .......................................................................... 16

1.6.4 Variabel Penenlitian .................................................................. 16

1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian ......................................................... 16

1.6.5.1 Batasan Materi ...................................................... ....... 16

1.6.5.2 Batasan Waktu .............................................................. 17

1.6.6 Teknik dan Alat Pengumpulan Data .......................................... 17

1.7 Hipotesa ............................................................................................... 17

1.8 Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 19

BAB II BENTUK DUKUNGAN AMERIKA SERIKAT TERHADAP

REZIM HAMAD BIN ISA AL-KHALIFA DALAM KONFLIK

BAHRAIN

2.1 Bahrain dibawah Kekuasaan Hamad bin Isa Al-Khalifa ..................... 22

2.1.1 Kondisi Politik Bahrain ............................................................. 22

2.1.2 Kondisi Ekonomi Bahrain ......................................................... 24

2.1.3 Tantangan Sosial-Ekonomi dalam Proses Politik ..................... 26

2.2 Konflik Bahrain ................................................................................... 28

2.3 Hubungan Amerika Serikat dan Bahrain ............................................. 33

2.4 Bentuk Dukungan Amerika Serikat terhadap Rezim Hamad bin

Isa Al-Khalifa dalam Konflik Bahrain ............................................... 35

2.4.1 Bantuan Militer .......................................................................... 35

2.4.1.1 Bantuan Finansial .......................................................... 35

2.4.1.2 Bantuan Persenjataan .................................................... 38

BAB III KEBIJAKAN AMERIKA SERIKAT MENDUKUNG REZIM

HAMAD BIN ISA AL-KHALIFA DALAM KONFLIK BAHRAIN

3.1 Struktur Pengambilan Kebijakan Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ........ 42

3.2 Struktur Pemerintahan Amerika Serikat ............................................ 46

3.3 Aktor-aktor dalam Proses Pengambilan Kebijakan ............................. 50

3.3.1 Menteri Luar Negeri, Wakil Presiden, Menteri Pertahanan, Juru

Bicara Departemen Luar Negeri Amerika Serikat ....................... 50

3.3.2 Sekretaris Pertahanan, Sekretaris Pers Pentagon, Laksamana

Angkatan Laut Amerika Serikat ................................................... 53

3.3.3 Kelompok Hak Asasi Manusia Internasional, Kelompok Kontrol

Senjata (Arms Control Groups), Senator Amerika Serikat, Human

Right First (HRF), Human Right Watch (HRW), Pusat Kebijakan

Masyarakat Terbuka, Anggota Fraksi Demokrat ....................... 58

BAB IV PROSES SOSIAL DAN INTERAKSI DALAM PENGAMBILAN

KEBIJAKAN AS DALAM MENDUKUNG REZIM HAMAD BIN

ISA AL-KHALIFA

4.1 Rundingan-rundingan (Bergaining) ................................................... . 63

4.2 Kompromi (Compromise) ................................................................... 65

4.3 Penyesuaian-penyesuaian (Adjustment) .............................................. 67

BAB V PENUTUP

5.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 74

5.2 Saran .................................................................................................. 76

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Tabel 1.1 Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................... 11

Tabel 2.1 Bantuan Amerika Serikat ke Bahrain ................................................. 36

Tabel 3.1 Pembagian Wewenang Dalam Kebijakan Luar Negeri AS ................ 43

Tabel 3.2 Kerangka Pengambilan Kebijakan Luar Negeri AS ........................... 44

Tabel 3.3 Letak Armada Militer Kelima Angkatan Laut AS .............................. 56

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