QUN TR RI ROThS. Nguyn Minh Thoi

GIANG VIENThS. Nguyn Minh ThoiKhoa Qun tr Kinh doanhTrng i hc Kinh t - LutEmail: thoainm@uel.edu.vnD: 0919163238

TI LIU THAM KHO1. Nguyn Quang Thu, Ng Quang Hun, V Th Qu, Trn Quang Trung (1998), Qun tr ri ro, NXB Gio dc2. Nguyn Quang Thu (2008), Qun tr ri ro v bo him trong doanh nghip, NXB Thng k3. on Th Hng Vn (2009), Qun tr ri ro v khng hong, NXB Lao ng X hi4. Michel Crouhy, Dan Galai, Robert Mark (2006), The Essentails of Risk Management, Mcgraw Hill5. Scott E.Harrington, Gregory R. Niehaus (1999), Risk Management and Insurance, McGraw Hill International Editions

THANG IMThuyt trnh : 25% Phn Bin: 25% Cui k : 50%

RI ROThin nhinBo, lng tSng thnPhp lutRR u tTTCKVng, ngoi tu t sxkdKinh doanhXNKT/trngSpKHMi trngV mVi mNgun nhn sCht lng NSnh cngS hp tc ca ngi lao ng vi doanh nghipRR ti chnh.CCH CHN TI

NI DUNGTng quan v rui ro 1 Quan tr rui ro2Nhan dang rui ro 3o lng rui ro4 Kiem soat rui ro 5 Tai tr rui ro 6 Quan tr rui ro nguon nhan lc7

KHNG HONG TI CHNH TON CU

Vedan x nc thi cha qua x l ra thng sng Th Vi trong nhiu nm NHIM MI TRNG

KHO HANHN HN

LU LUT TAI PAKISTANSNG THN

HA HON

NG T

TAI NN

BIU TNH

CHIN TRANH

DN NHP

Chung ta ang song trong moi trng nh the nao? Hien tai chung ta ang co nguy c rui ro g? Lam the nao chung ta kiem soat c nhng rui ro o?

THT NGHIP

PH SN

T l thanh nin tht nghip Hy Lp v Ty Ban Nha l 53% T l thanh nin tht nghip B o Nha l 36% T l thanh nin tht nghip Italia l 34% T l thanh nin tht nghip Php l 23%(Ngun: bo SGGP ngy 7/9/2012)

T chc Lao ng quc t (ILO) cnh bo khng hong kinh t ton cu s khin 75 triu lao ng tr t 15-24 tui, tng ng 12,7% lao ng trn ton th gii, tht nghip trong nm 2012. ILO d bo tnh trng trn s ko di n nm 2016(Ngun: Tuoitre online ngy 23/5/2012)

LA O

CHY MU CHT XM

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V RI ROTHEO TRNG PHI C IN

-Ri ro l iu khng lnh, khng tt, bt ng xy n (T in Ting Vit)-Ri ro (ng ngha vi ri) l s khng may (GS. Nguyn Ln)-Ri ro l kh nng gp nguy him hoc b au n thit hi(T in Oxford)-Ri ro l nhng bt trc ngoi mun xy ra trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip, tc ng xu n s tn ti v pht trin ca doanh nghip (Ngun khc..)

Ri ro l nhng thit hi, mt mt, nguy him hoc cc yu t lin quan n nguy him, kh khn hoc iu khng chc chn c th xy ra cho con ngi.

THEO TRNG PHI TRUNG HARi ro l nhng bt trc c th o lng c (F. Knight)Ri ro l s bt trc lin quan n vic xut hin nhng bin c khng mong i (A. Willett)Ri ro l s bin ng tim n ca nhng kt qu; c th xut hin trong hu ht hot ng ca con ngi; nguy c ri ro pht sinh bt c khi no mt hnh ng dn n kh nng c hoc mt khng th on trc (A. William, Jr. Micheal, L. Smith)

Ri ro l nhng bt nh c th o lng c, c th mang tnh tch cc hoc tiu cc (mt mc, tn tht, nguy him nhng cng c th l c hi)

THNH PHN C BN CA RI RO Mi e da: cc loi nguy him c th mang li li ch hoc tn tht, s tr thnh him ha nu nh c gia tng kh nng xy ra v tn tht nu c l rt ln. Ngun: m trong mi e da tn ti. Cc nhn t thay i: c xu hng tng hay gim KH NNG v TN THT ca ri ro:- a s mi nguy him l nguyn nhn ca mt bin s- S thay i dn n s bt nh v gy ra nhng hu qu khi c s c ri ro Hu qu: kt qu xut hin khi bin c xy ra

BN THNH PHN C BN CA RI ROMI E DA Nng lng t nhinSai lm ca con ngiCh tm gy hiTnh hung xu

NGUN Nht v MMTBNguyn vt liuLao ngSn phm

CC NHN T THAY ITnh hung c thXy dngPhng ngaTheo diKim sotThit kHU QA H hng ti snTn tht thu nhpTrch nhim php lTai nn/ t vongGin on kinh doanhPh sn

PHN LOI RI RODa trn c s ti chnhRi ro khng c tn tht v ti chnhS mt nim tin ca cc ng vin tng thng, chnh tr gia t pha ngi dn, ngi ng h; mt nim tin ca nhn vin i vi lnh o doanh nghip.. Ri ro c tn tht v ti chnhS st gim mnh v doanh thu, gia tng nhanh v ch ph ca doanh nghip.

Da trn nguyn nhn tc ng Ri ro ng: Xut hin khi c thay i t mi trng kinh doanh dn n nhng tn tht cho ring cng ty (th phn, khch hng, cng ngh)Cn bao gm mt s tn tht khc: thin tai, ha hon, chy n, o c, hnh vi con ngi trong cng ty..(BP n gin khoan du trn vnh Mexico, Nike vi phm s dng lao ng ti cc nc nam )

- Ri ro tnh: Ri ro tnh l kt qu ca s thay i trong mi trng kinh doanh (thay i s thch ngi tiu dng, thay i cng ngh, thay i li sut) tc ng n tt c cc cng ty, doanh nghip, c nhnRi ro tnh c th nh hng n nhiu c nhn v h thng ch quan cho rng n khng nguy him bng ri ro ng

Gi s anh/ch l ch cng ty sn xut ng h, my tnh b ti, my nghe nhc, in thoi c nhHy cho kin v s nh hng ca smartfone n lnh vc kinh doanh ca mnh? nh hng tnh cc hay tiu cc trin vng pht trin trong tng lai

Da trn c s c pht sinh li ch Ri ro thun ty: l loi ri ro ch mang li nhng hu qu khng c li hoc nhng tn tht- Phn loi ri ro thun ty:Ri ro c nhn: cht sm, tui gi, mt sc lao ng, tht nghipRi ro v ti sn: tn tht trc tip, gin tipRi ro php lRi ro pht sinh do s ph sn ca ngi khc

Ri ro suy on: l loi ri ro va c th mang li tn tht nhng cng c th mang li li ch- Phn loi ri ro suy on:Ri ro do thiu kinh nghim v k nng qun lRi ro do s thay i th hiu ca khch hngRi ro do lm phtRi ro do iu kin khng n nh ca thuRi ro do thiu thng tinRi ro tnh hnh chnh tr bt n

V DUV du rui ro thuan tuy: ngi chu mot chiec xe co rui ro ton that tiem an lien quan en mot vu ung xe. Neu co ung xe, ngi o se b thiet hai ve tai chnh. Neu khong, ngi o se khong co li g ca, v the tnh trang tai chnh cua ngi o van khong thay oi . V du rui ro suy oan: au t vao mot d an von co the co li nhuan hay co the that bai. Nhng rui ro thuan tuy th luon luon lam ngi ta kho chu, nhng nhng rui ro suy oan co mat hap dan nao o.

Hy nhn dng 3 ri ro thun ty v 3 ri ro suy on m bn gp phi khi theo hc i hc

Da trn c s ngun gc:Ri ro do mi trng thin nhin: cc hin tng thin nhin nh ng t, ni la, l lt, sng thn, hn hn..(ng t thng xuyn ti Nht Bn, sng thn ti In, l lt ti Vit Nam, hn hn ti Trung Quc..)Ri ro do mi trng vn ha: do s thiu hiu bit v phong tc, tp qun, tn ngng, li sng, ngh thut..ca dn tc khc t dn n cch hnh x, tip cn khng ph hp, gy ra nhng thit hi, mt c hi kinh doanh(qung co Sony ti Thi Lan, tng qu cho ngi Trung Quc, bn hng Coca Cola ti Trung Quc)

Ri ro do mi trng x hi: s thay i cc chun mc gi tr, hnh vi ca con ngi, cu trc x hi..l mt ngun ri ro quan trng(kinh doanh ti Nht Bn, Hn Quc phi bit cc chun mc trng tui tc, a v x hi, trng nam, t nng mi quan h; hay ti cc nc hi gio trng tn gio, trng nam..)Ri ro do mi trng chnh tr: Mi trng chnh tr c nh hng ln n bu khng kh kinh doanh, khi mi trng chnh tr thay i c th lm o ln mi trng kinh doanh ca nhiu doanh nghip, t chc(mi trng chnh tr ti Thi Lan, Hoa k)

Ri ro do mi trng Lut php: lut php t ra nhng chun mc m mi ngi phi thc hin v nhng bin php trng pht nhng ai vi phmNu cc chun mc lut php khng theo kp bc tin ca x hi hay thay i qu nhiu, qu nhanh, khng n nh th cng to nn nhiu ri ro cho doanh nghip(xut khu hng ha sang Hoa k phi nm r lut Lin bang, Lut Tiu ban; u t vo Vit Nam chun b y th tc, giy t, h s theo quy nh ca nh nc; chnh ph Nht p thu nhp khu khn cp i vi 3 loi nng sn nhp t Trung Quc)

Ri ro do mi trng Kinh t: mi hin tng, bin ng din ra trong mi trng kinh t nh tc tng trng GDP, ch s gi c (CPI), lm pht, t gi hi oi, gi c xng duu c th nh hng trc tip/gin tip n hot ng ca cc doanh nghip(tc tng trng nhanh ca kinh t Trung Quc, s mt gi lin tc ca ng bn t Hy Lp, tnh trng tng trng m ca kinh t Nht)Ri ro do mi trng hot ng ca t chc, doanh nghip: ri ro c th pht sinh nhiu lnh vc nh cng ngh, t chc b my, vn ha cng ty, tuyn dng, m phn kinh doanh(my mc b h hng, xy ra tai nn lao ng, b i th cnh tranh cho ko nhn s, qung co, tip th b sai st)

Ri ro nhn thc ca con ngi: nhn din v phn tch khng ng th tt yu s a ra kt lun sai, gia thc t v nhn thc hon ton khc nhau th ri ro s v cng ln(nh gi ch quan ca ngi thc hin cng vic i vi tnh hung c th)

Da trn mi trng qun tr:Ri ro mi trng bn trong: Theo cc lnh vc: qun tr (hoch nh, t chc, thc y, lnh o v kim tra); marketing (nghin cu th trng, sn phm/dch v, gi c, phn phi, chiu th); ti chnh-k ton, sn xut-tc nghipTheo b phn, phng banTheo dy chuyn chui gi tr: cc hot ng u vo, qu trnh tc nghip, quy trnh nghip v, cc hot ng u ra, marketing, bn hng, dch v

Ri ro mi trng bn ngoi:Theo mi trng v m: kinh t, chnh tr chnh ph, lut php, vn ha x hi, nhn khu, a l, cng ngh thng tinTheo mi trng vi m: khch hng, nh cung ng, i th cnh tranh.

Da trn c s i tng ri ro:Ri ro v ti sn: kh nng c hay mt i vi ti sn vt cht (nh my, thit b, phng tin vn ti..), ti sn ti chnh (vn, tin mt, c phiu, tri phiu..), ti sn v hnh (danh ting, thng hiu..)(gi tr my mc, thit b, nh xng b h hao do vn hnh sai, do bo qun km dn n tn tht; gi tr c phiu cng ty trn th trng st gim v ha hon ti nh xng; danh ting cng ty b nh hng xu Nike, Vedan)(ti sn cng c th tng ln thng qua u t vo d n, cng ngh mi)

Ri ro v nhn lc: gy tn thng, thng vong, gim thu nhp, mt mc nhn s cp qun l, nhn vin hay cc i tng c lin quan(lm vic trong cc iu kin nguy him hm m, nh cao tng, ting n ln, ha cht, kim loi nng; c th b gim thu nhp, cho ko t pha i th cnh tranh..)

Ri ro v php l: thng a n tranh chp kin tng ko di c th nh hng n hot ng kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. Ri ro php l c ngun gc t:Do thay i v lut php lin quan n kinh doanh (lut php ti M, Chu u lc a chng bn ph gi vi mt hng thy sn ca Vit Nam)Thiu kin thc v php l (Nhiu DN VN khi thc hin hp tc kinh doanh vi i tc nc ngoi cn kh l l trong vic tm hiu php lut nc bn v vn lm n vi h theo kiu VN)Thiu cht ch trong nhng hp ng kinh t hoc u t (Trong n kin, ng Liberati cho bit t thng 9/1991 n thng 12/1992, c Falcomar - vi t cch i din ca Vietnam Airlines - thu lm mt s vic, song cha c thanh ton tin cng)Vi phm php lut quc gia nh lut chng c quyn

Anh (ch) hy nu nhng ri ro hin nay ca doanh nghip khi gi xng du, in nc tng, sc mua gim, hng tn kho cao? Anh (ch) c gii php no gim thiu cc ri ro cho doanh nghip ca mnh?THO LUN

CHNG 2: QUN TR RI ROKIN THC MC TIU1. Khi nim Qun tr ri ro2. Cc yu t tc ng n Qun tr ri ro3. Nhim v ca nh qun tr ri ro4. Ni dung Qun tr ri ro:Nhn dng - Phn tch o lngKim sot Phng ngaTi tr

KHI NIM QUN TR RI ROQuan im truyn thng: n thun l vic mua bo him, b p nhng tn tht, mt mc c th xy ra t pha th qua hp ng bo him Quan im hin i: Qu trnh tip cn ri ro mt cch khoa hc, ton din v c h thng nhm nhn dng, kim sot, phng nga v gim thiu nhng tn tht, mt mt, nh hng bt li ca ri ro (Kloman v Haimes) ng thi, tm cch bin ri ro thnh nhng c hi thnh cng

CC YU T TC NG N QUN TR RI ROQuy m t chc: ln th ri ro ln, nh ri ro nh(ri ro ca tp on, tng cng ty s ln hn nhiu ri ro ca h kinh doanh c th)Tim lc t chc: ti chnh, con ngi mnh hay yu(ngn hng, tng cng ty lun u t mnh vo hot ng qun tr ri ro hn so vi cc cng ty TNHH, kinh doanh c th, h gia nh)Mi trng, lnh vc, ngnh ngh kinh doanh m t chc hot ng: t hay nhiu ri ro(ngn hng, chng khon, ngoi hi, xut nhp khu.)Nhn thc lnh o t chc: c coi trng cng tc qun tr ri ro hay khng?(c t chc, doanh nghip hnh thnh b phn qun tr ri ro, phng qun l ri ro; c t chc khng..)

NHIM V NH QUN TR RI ROGip t chc nhn dng, phn loi, phn tch, o lng ri ro v s n vi t chc.Xy dng v thc hin kim sot ri ro bng nhng bin php ph hp:Ph bin cc quy nh ca c quan nh nc, c quan hu quanNghin cu, ph bin thng tin v th trng, lut php, vn ha tiu dng, tp qun ti th trngNghin cu v khch hng, nh cung ng, i th cnh tranhHun luyn, o to, nng cao chuyn mn nghip v nhn vinGii quyt khiu ni

Xy dng, thc hin tt chng trnh ti tr ri ro khi n xy ra:Thc hin nhanh chng cc hp ng bo him c lin quanS dng qu t bo himTranh th s ng h ca chnh ph, c quan hu quan, khch hng, nh cung ngXy dng cc chin lc v k hoch kinh doanh nhm bin ri ro thnh nhng c hi thnh cng

Cc loi ri ro thng xut hin trong kinh doanh:Ti sn b hy hoi, b h hngHnh ng phm php: n cp, la diNgi lao ng b thng tt, tai nn ngh nghipPht sinh trch nhim php l khi c tai nn ngh nghip, h hng ti sn ca khch hng, nhn vin, ngi lao ngNng lc qun l kmCng ngh lc hu, km hiu qu kinh tS thay i c cu dn s, th hiu tiu dngS thay i t chnh ph, lut phpLm pht, khng hong kinh tThin tai, bin i kh hu

Cc loi tn thtTn tht trc tip: nhng tn tht ban u v ngi v ti sn nu ri ro c xy ra(h hng my mc, dy chuyn sn xut, mt nhn vin gii..)Tn tht gin tip: nhng tn tht hu qu do tn tht trc tip gy ra(chi ph sa cha hay mua mi my mc, dy chuyn sn xut, thit hi v hp ng k khi khng sn phm giao hng, mt khch hng, mt bi mt kinh doanh.)Tn tht php l: pht sinh lin quan n tn tht trc tip, gin tip v ngi lao ng(tranh chp, kin tng gia t chc v ngi lao ng, khch hng, i tc..)

Tn tht ngun nhn lc: ngi lao ng b thng tt, tai nn khng th lm vic c na; nhn s cht xm trong t chc b cho ko v pha i th cnh tranh..(chi ph bi thng, n b, chu cp cho ngi lao ng; trnh , cng ngh, thng tin kinh doanh cng theo chn nhn s qua i th cnh tranh)

NI DUNG QUN TR RI RONHN DNG RI ROQu trnh xc nh lin tc v c h thng cc ri ro trong hot ng kinh doanh ca t chc:Tm kim thng tin v: ngun gc, mi nguy him, him ha, i tng ri ro v cc loi tn tht c thThng k cc loi ri ro v ang xy ra, d bo nhng dng ri ro mi c th xut hin

PHNG PHP NHN DNG RI ROLp bng cu hi nghin cu v ri ro v tin hnh iu traCu hi c sp xp theo ngun ri ro, mi trng tc ng (nhng loi ri ro no?, tn sut xut hin ri ro ?, tn tht nu c xy ra?)Nhng bin php phng nga, bin php ti tr ri ro c s dng (bin php no?, kt qu t c?)Nhng ri ro cha xy ra nhng c th xut hin (nguyn nhn?)Nhng kin nh gi, xut v cng tc qun tr ri ro

Phn tch cc bo co ti chnhBng cch phn tch bng tng kt ti sn, cc bo co hot ng kinh doanh, cc ti liu b tr khc xc nh c nguy c ri ro v ti sn, ngun nhn lc, trch nhim php lKt hp phn tch cc s liu trong k bo co c so snh vi s liu d bo xc nh c cc ri ro c th pht sinh trong tng laiKhng ch thy c cc ri ro thun ty, nhn dng c cc ri ro suy on

Phng php lu Cn xy dng lu trnh by tt c cc hot ng ca t chc(DN xut khu: u vo (cung cp nguyn-nhin-vt liu, nhn cng quy trnh sn xut (sn xut, thng tin, kim nh cht lng) t chc thc hin xut khu (giao nhn, thanh ton, chm sc khch hng))Trn c s lu , tin hnh lit k cc ri ro v ti sn, nhn lc, trch nhim php l trong tng khu nhn dng cc ri ro m t chc gp phi(nguyn vt liu c th b chy, n, khng s lng, km cht lng, nhn cng b tai nn; sn xut b nh n v my mc h hao, cht lng sn phm km; giao sai hng, thanh ton chm, khch hng khng hi lng)

Thanh tra hin trng/nghin cu ti ch: nh quan st theo di trc tip hot ng ca cc b phn trong t chc, trn c s tin hnh phn tch, nh gi kh nng xy ra ri ro nh qun tr c kh nng nhn dng c cc ri roPhn tch hp ng:Phn tch tt c cc b phn ca hp ng (m u, ch th, cc iu kin, iu khon, k kt), c bit quan trng trong lnh vc xut nhp khu, k kt hp ng quan trng..(tn hng, cht lng yu cu, s lng yu cu, gi c, iu kin giao hng, iu kin thanh ton, bo hnh, bo him, pht.)

PHN TCH RI ROXc nh c nhng nguyn nhn no gy ra ri ro, trn c s tm ra bin php phng ngaKhng phi mi ri ro ch do mt nguyn nhn n nht, m thng do nhiu nguyn nhn..C th p dng l thuyt Dominoca H.W. Henrich

O LNG RI ROThu thp s liu v phn tch, nh gi theo hai kha cnh: tn sut (tn s) xut hin ri ro v mc nghim trng (tc ng) ri roTn s: s ln xy ra tn tht, kh nng xy ra bin c nguy him i vi t chc trong mt khong thi gian nht nh (thng, qu, nm)Mc nghim trng: nhng tn tht, mt mt, nguy him

Lp ma trn ri ro

I tp trung nhng ri ro c mc nghim trng cao v tn sut xut hin cao II tp trung nhng ri ro c mc nghim trng cao, tn sut xut hin thp III tp trung nhng ri ro c mc nghim trng thp, tn sut xut hin cao IV tp trung nhng ri ro c mc nghim trng thp, tn sut xut hin thp u tin qun tr ri ro thuc nhm I v II v mc tn tht nu c s rt ln

KiM SOT PHNG NGA RI ROKim sot Phng nga ri ro l vic s dng cc bin php, k thut, cng c, chin lc, cc chng trnh hot ng.. ngn nga, n trnh hoc gim thiu nhng tn tht, nh hng khng mong i n t chc, doanh nghip.Cc bin php c bn kim sot ri ro:N trnh ri roNgn nga tn thtGim thiu tn thtChuyn giao ri roa dng ri ro

N TRNH RI ROL vic n trnh nhng hot ng, nhng nguyn nhn l pht sinh tn tht, mt mt c th c.C 2 bin php n trnh ri ro:Ch ng n trnh t trc khi xy ra ri ro(nu nhn thy du hin la gt, yu km ti chnh ca i tc c th ngng ngay hot ng hp tc u t)Loi b nhng nguyn nhn to nn ri ro(u t thm my mc, thu ngoi, nh t vn thc hin tt hp ng; o to nhn s tt hn trong vic qun l d n)

NGN NGA TN THTS dng cc bin php gim thiu s ln xut hin cc ri ro hoc gim mc thit hi do ri ro mang liC 3 bin php ngn nga tn tht:Tc ng vo chnh mi nguy him, him ha ngn nga tn tht(khi vn chuyn hng ha phng tin vn ti c th gp ti nn,hng hc.. mua bo him cho hng ha, thng xuyn duy tu, bo tr phng tin vn ti)Tc ng vo mi trng ri ro(khi u t ra nc ngoi, c th gp ri ro v s khc bit kinh t, lut php, vn ha.. o to, hun luyn v vn ha, thu t vn v lut php, bo co chuyn su v kinh t..)Tc ng vo s tng tc ca mi nguy him v mi trng ri ro(u t vo bn th 3 khi tham gia vo th trng nc ngoi)

GiM THIU TN THTCc bin php gim thiu nhng thit hi, mt mt do ri ro mang liBao gm cc bin phpCu vt nhng ti sn cn dng c(khi ha hon, c gng dp la n cu ly nhng ti sn cha b chy, cn s dng c; gp tai nn khi vn ti hng ha, thu nht nhng hng ha cha b h hng.)Xy dng cc k hoch phng nga ri ro(k hoch phng chy, cha chy; k hoch vn ti hng ha hiu qu, an ton, tit kim; o to hun luyn nhn vin v an ton cng vic..)D phng(c k hoch d phng v my mc thit b phc v sn xut, nu c trc trc bt ng c th thay th v tip tc sn xut ngay)Phn tn ri ro(la chn nhiu loi hnh vn ti giao nhn hng ho; xy dng nhiu c s sn xut)

CHUYN GIAO RI ROChuyn ti sn hoc hot ng c ri ro n cho ngi khc/t chc khc(thc hin mua bo him hng ha, ti sn, outsourcing sn xut cho cc cng ty d tha nng lc sn xut..)

A DNG HA RI ROa dng ha th trng; a dng ha sn phm; a dng ha khch hng; a dng ha nh cung cp

TI TR RI ROC 2 hng ti tr ri ro:Lu gi ri ro (t khc phc ri ro)Chuyn giao ri ro Lu gi ri ro: L bin php m t chc, doanh nghip b ri ro t mnh thanh ton cc tn tht. Ngun b p ri ro l ngun t c ca chnh t chc kt hp vi cc ngun khc(cc qu t bo him ngh nghip, qu phc li cng on, qu ph cp cng vic c tnh cht c hi..)

Chuyn giao ri ro:L bin php m t chc, doanh nghip chuyn giao vic thanh ton cho tn tht n pha th 3 (mua bo him ton phn, bn phn..)

QUN TR RI RO TRONG MT T CHCChnh sch qun tr ri roMc tiu chung:Nh qun tr cn phi bit r ri ro i vi thu nhp ca con ngi (hay ti sn)B phn qun tr phi c trch nhim nhn dng cc ri ro v bo co kp thi ln cp trnB phn qun tr ri ro s phi d tr nhng tn thng ca con ngi, tn tht hay h hng ti sn di quyn kim sot ca hTrch nhim ca qun tr ri ro l tr gip cc nh qun tr ri ro v ban gim c iu hnh cng ty cho tt

Ngoi ra chnh sch qun tr ri ro cn c th:Thit lp mc tiu chung ca phng QTRR v chc nng ca n trong phm vi ca t chcThit lp nhim v ca phng QTRR v mi quan h lnh o ca nThit lp mt trt t phi hp cc hot n QTRR gia cc b phn khc nhau trong mt t chcThit lp v ci tin thng xuyn knh thng tin QTRR v h thng tin hc qun trChun b chng trnh QTRR d qun l, thc hin v c th d dng chuyn i trong trng hp phi thay i nhn s D tr trch nhim php l i vi cc loi ti sn khng c bo him hoc khng c bi thng thit hi

Qu trnh qun tr ri ro- Lin quan n cng vic nhn dng cc ri ro, phn tch cc ri ro, kim sot ri ro, chn la v sng lc kt quT chc qun tr ri ro- H thng tin hc qun tr ri ro- Qun tr ri ro th cng- Qun tr bng bo co

THO LUNTrong qu trnh hi nhp v m ca ra bn ngoi nh hin nay, theo anh (ch) cc doanh nghip Vit Nam nc ta ang ng trc nhng c hi v ri ro g? Cc doanh nghip chng ta phi lm g nhm tn dng c hi mi v hn ch nhng ri ro ny?

CHNG 3: NHN DNG RI ROMT S KHI NIMNhan dang rui ro ? Nhan dang rui ro la qua trnh xac nh lien tuc va co he thong cac rui ro va bat nh cua mot to chc. Cac hoat ong nhan dang nham phat trien thong tin ve nguon rui ro, cac yeu to mao hiem, hiem hoa, va i tng chu rui ro.Nguon rui ro? Nguon rui ro la nguon cac yeu to gop phan vao cac ket qua tieu cc hay tch cc.

Yeu to nguy him? Moi nguy hiem la cac nguyen nhan cua ton that. Yeu to hiem hoa? Moi hiem hoa gom cac ieu kien tao ra hoac lam tang cac kha nang ton that va mc o cua rui ro i tng chu rui ro? La cac oi tng chu cac ket qua, co the la c hay mat.

V DTa nhng ming gi c dnh du gn bn l si thMing gi l: him haLa t l si l: mi nguy himCn nh l: i tng chu ri ro

NGUN RI RONGUN RI ROMI TRNGVT CHTMI TRNGVN HA XHVN NHN THCMI TRNGKINH TMI TRNGCHNHTRMI TRNGLUTPHPMI TRNGHOT NG

MI TRNG VT CHTRo rang, mot trong nhng nguon rui ro c ban nhat la moi trng vat chat xung quanh ta. (ong at, han han, ma dam eu co the dan en ton that)S bat lc cua chung ta trong viec hieu biet moi trng chung ta ang song, cac anh hng cua chung ta oi vi no cung nh cua no oi vi chung ta la nguyen nhan chu yeu cua nguon rui ro nay. Moi trng vat chat cung co the la nguon phat sinh cac rui ro suy oan, chang han oi vi nong nghiep, du lch, au t bat ong san

Cc ngun ri ro vt cht c th l: Thin tai ng t Sng thn Bo l, gi ma

MI TRNG VN HA X HIS thay i cc chun mc gi tr, hnh vi, cu trc x hi..l nhng ngun ri ro (s khc bit ln v chun mc x hi Nht, Hn, Trung v nhng nc Chu l nhng ri ro nht nh i vi cc cng ty t phng Ty, M..)S thay i, khc bit cc chun mc gi tr cng c th mang n nhng li ch, im tch cc(quan im tiu dng, s pha trn vn ha, quan im v ph n trong lc lng lao ng m ra mt ngun lao ng mi)

MI TRNG CHNH TRTrong mt t nc, mi trng chnh tr c th l mt ngun ri ro quan trng(nhng chnh sch, quyt nh, nh hng pht trin c tc ng ln n c hi v ri ro ca doanh nghip: thu ht u t, bo h cng nghip, quy nh v th tc, giy php)Trong quc t, mi trng chnh tr cn phc tp hn; c s khc bit ln trong th ch chnh tr ca mi quc gia(quan im v kinh doanh, kinh t rt khc nhau; ti sn ca nh u t c th b xung cng; chnh sch thu thay i lin tc theo chiu hng bt li)

Ri ro chnh tr bao gm:

Chnh sch v ng li pht trin kinh t - x hi, chnh sch thu, hn gch Tnh hnh n nh chnh tr Quan im ca quc gia hay mc can thip ca nh nc i vi doanh nghip t nhn v u t nc ngoi Ri ro lin quan n chuyn giao quyn s hu ti sn hay nhng ri ro v chuyn giao (chuyn giao qu, li nhun)

MI TRNG LUT PHPCo rat nhieu s bat nh va rui ro phat sinh t he thong phap luat. Luat phap khong phai ch e ra cac chuan mc va cac bien phap trng phat, van e la ban than xa hoi co s tien hoa va cac chuan mc nay co the khong tien lieu c het. pham vi quoc te con phc tap hn v cac chuan mc luat phap co the thay oi rat nhieu t ni nay sang ni khac. Moi trng luat phap cung tao ra cac ket qua tch cc nh cung cap moi trng xa hoi on nh, bao ve cac quyen cong dan.

MI TRNG HOT NGQa trnh hot ng ca t chc lm pht sinh nhiu ri ro v bt nh(chng trnh khuyn mi, trng thng gy tranh mi; tuyn dng, sa thi nhn vin c th dn n nhng ri ro php l; cng nhn c th gp tai nn trong qu trnh sn xut; quy trnh sn xut ca t chc c th gy tc hi cho mi trng..)Kinh doanh quc t cn gp nhiu ri ro hn(giao, nhn hng ha; thanh ton, chm sc khch hng, bo hnh bo dng)V kha cnh ri ro suy on, mi trng hot ng c th gip t chc, doanh nghip ci thin quy trnh, phng thc hot ng kinh doanh; sn phm, dch v mi em li nhiu li nhun

Ri ro mi trng hot ng bao gm: Tuyn dng v sa thi lao ng H hng ti sn vt cht Tai nn lao ng nhim mi trng do thi cht c Kin tng do tranh chp hng ha, hp ng kinh t

MI TRNG KINH TS pht trin rng ln v giao thoa ca th trng ton cu, khu vc to mi trng kinh t chung, tim n nhiu ri ro(tnh trng lm pht, bong bng ti sn, v n, suy thoi, nh n sn xut..) phm v hp, bin ng ca li sut, tn dng, t gi c th dn n nhng ri ro thun ty v suy on(nu li sut tng nhanh, chi ph sn xut s tng t chc gp kh khn v vn, hiu qu kinh doanh gim; tn dng b tht cht khan him vn, kh tn ti; nu li sut gim kch thch tiu dng, sn xut..)

Cc ri ro kinh t c th l: Suy thoi kinh t Lm pht Mt kh nng thanh ton do t l n ngn hn ln hn mc d tr ngoi t N nc ngoi ln

VN NHN THCKha nang cua mot nha quan tr rui ro trong viec hieu, xem xet, o lng, anh gia cha phai la hoan hao mot nguon rui ro quan trong oi vi hau het cac to chc la s nhan thc va thc te hoan toan khac nhau. Moi trng nhan thc la nguon rui ro ay thach thc trong viec nhan dien va phan tch rui ro, v nhng phan tch o oi hoi tra li nhng cau hoi nh: lam sao hieu c anh hng cua s bat nh len to chc? hay lam sao biet c cai mnh nhan thc la ung vi thc te?

Ri ro vn nhn thc bao gm: Nhn thc ca mi ngi v ri ro thc ca mi ngi v s nguy him S bt cn ca con ngi gy tai nn cht ngi Khng tun th nhng quy nh v an ton lao ng Tham nhng Li bing

NGUY C RI RO CA MT T CHCNguy c ri ro v ti snNguy c rui ro la kha nang c li hay chu tn tht v tai san vat chat, tai san tai chnh hay tai san vo hnh (danh tieng, ho tr ve chnh tr, quyen tac gia) va cac ket qua nay xay ra do cac hiem hoa hoac rui ro. Tai san co the b h hong, b huy hoai hay tan pha, mat mat hoac giam gia theo nhieu cach khac nhau. Viec khong the s dung tai san trong mot thi gian - ton that ve mat thi gian la v du cho mot loai ton that thng b bo qua. That vay, mot bien co nh s sup o th trng tai chnh cac nc chau A gan ay lam ngng tre cac hoat ong cua nhieu doanh nghiep nhng nc nay va a gay ra ton that ln lao ve tai san cho cac doanh nghiep nay. Nguy c ve tai san cung co the tao ra cac ket qua tch cc.

Nguy c rui ro ve trach nhiem phap ly

La cac nguy c co the gay ra cac ton that ve trach nhiem phap ly a c quy nh. Nha nc ban hanh hien phap, cac luat, quy nh va ch th ap at cac gii han theo luat cho mot so hoat ong. Cac trach nhiem phap ly thay oi theo tng quoc gia cung la mot van e phai lu y. Nguy c rui ro ve trach nhiem phap ly thc s la mot bo phan cua nguy c rui ro ve tai san.

Nguy c ri ro v ngun nhn lcLa nguy c rui ro co lien quan en tai san con ngi cua to chc. Rui ro co the gay ton thng hoac t vong cho cac nha quan ly, cong nhan vien hay cac oi tng co lien quan en to chc nh khach hang, ngi cung cap, ngi cho vay, cac co ong Ve phng dien rui ro suy oan, nang suat lao ng, s sang tao cua ho co the co ket qua tch cc. S bat on ve kinh te cung la nhng ton that pho bien (nh that nghiep hay ve hu) la rui ro khong kem phan quan trong oi vi ngi lao ong v vay quan tr rui ro ve nguon nhan lc phai quan tam en cac li ch ve kinh te va the chat cua con ngi.

CC PHNG PHP NHN DNG RI ROPHNG PHP BO CO TI CHNH- Bng vic phn tch cc khon mc ca bng cn i k ton hoc bo co sn xut, theo di chng t cc nh qun tr ri ro c th nhn dng c cc ri ro - Nh qun tr ri ro phi xc nh cc loi ri ro tim nng c lit k trong cc bo co ti chnh cho tng t chc c bit- Nh qun tr ri ro ging nh mt thanh tra, lm tt cng vic cn phi hiu cc t s ti chnh, cc ngun thng tin khc v ti chnh hoc cc chng t hp php ca t chc

Phng php lu Trc ht, xy dng mt hay mt dy cc lu trnh by tt c cc hot ng ca t chc, bt u t khu nguyn vt liu, ngun nng lng, tt c cc u vo khc ni ngi cung cp v kt thc vi thnh phm trong tay ngi tiu dng K , mt bng lit k cc ngun ri ro v ti sn, php l v ngun nhn lc c th c s dng cho tng khu trong lu nhn dng cc ri ro m t chc c th gp.

V DNh cung cp ANh cung cp BNh cung cp CKho 1NM 1Kho 3Kho 4NM 2Kho 2Ngi bn l 1Ngi bn l 2Ngi bn l 3Khch hng

CC TN THT TIM NNG C TH Tn tht v ti sn: vic thay th hay sa cha xe c, nh my sn xut, my mc u gn vi him ha trong vic sn xut hoc dch chuyn Tn tht v php l: Cc vn v php l do tn thng thn th hay h hi ti sn Tn tht v ngun nhn lc: cc tn tht do cht hay mt kh nng lm vic ca cc nhn vin ch cht. Tn tht i vi gia nh ca nhn vin do cht, ngh hu hay tht nghip ca nhn vin

Phng php thanh tra hin trngBng nhng quan st v nhn xt thc t v tng th b tr mt bng, v cc hot ng sn xut kinh doanh dn n nhng ri ro hin hu, nh qun tr ri ro c th nhn dng c nhng nguy c ri ro i vi doanh nghip

Cc nghin cu cn thc hin khi s dng phng php thanh tra hin trng V tr a l (thnh th, nng thn..) V tr ta lc (trung tm, vng ven) S t chc bn trong ca doanh nghip Vn an ninh khu vc Mi trng xung quanh

Phng php hp tc vi cc phng chc nng khc trong t chcThng xuyn thm ving cc cn b qun l v nhn vin ca cc b phn nghip v khc trong cng ty nm bt c y cc thng tin v hot ng sn xut kinh doanh Tham kho, c cc bo co bng vn bn ca cc b phn nghip v theo h thng bo co thng xuyn gip nh qun tr c th nm c nhng thng tin cn thit

Phng php thng qua t vnThng qua t vn, nh qun tr ri ro c th nm bt thm c nhng thng tin cn thit v mi him ha v nguy c ri ro i vi t chc t ngun tin bn ngoi Cc nh t vn c th l: Chuyn vin k ton kim ton c cng ty thu lm bn thi gian Cc lut s ca cng ty Cc nh u t ca cng ty Chuyn vin thng k

Phng php phn tch hp ng Cc hp ng kinh t lun b vi phm dn n ri ro php l v ri ro khc pht sinh trong qu trnh thc hin hp ng. trnh ri ro cc hp ng phi nghin cu k tng iu khon

Cc ri ro pht sinh t cc hp ng kinh t Ri ro trong k kt hp ng Ri ro ch th Ri ro t ngn t Ri ro t ni dung k kt Ri ro php l Ri ro trong thc hin hp ng Ri ro v thi gian giao hnh Ri ro trong vn chuyn, bc d, lu kho Ri ro trong nghim thu hng ha

Phng php nghin cu cc s liu thng k S liu thng k cho php chng ta nh gi xu hng pht trin ca cc tn tht m doanh nghip phi i mt S liu thng k cho php chng ta nghin cu, phn tch mt s vn nh: nguyn nhn, thi im, v tr xy ra s c, ngi b nn v mt s cc yu t nguy him khc c th nh hng n bn cht ca tai nn

30 DAU HIEU CANH BAO RAC ROI CO THE XAY RACong ty ban la mot doanh nghiep mi thanh lap?Nhom ban chuan b tung ra mot san pham mi hoac mot dch vu mi?Ban ang thiet lap mot qui trnh mi?Doanh nghiep cua ban thuoc lng vc cong nghe tien bo nhanh?Gan ay cong ty ban a trai qua mot cuoc cai to trong quan ly?Phong hay cong ty cua ban va hoac chuan b co mot cuoc tai c cau quan trong?Li nhuan cua phong hay cong ty cua ban b giam sut?Viec kinh doanh cua cong ty ban c chnh on ang ke?

Doanh nghiep cua ban phu thuoc vap mot san pham hay mot dch vu duy nhat?Cong ty cua ban phu thuoc vao mot vai nha cung cap ln?Cong ty cua ban phu thuoc vao mot vai khach hang ln?He thong cong nghe thong tin cua ban yeu kem?Gan ay cong ty cua ban c a dang hoa vao th trng mi hay a iem mi?Thai o chung cua phong hay nhom ban co kieu cang, de kch ong va mao hiem?Hoat ong kinh doanh cua ban co lam ton hai moi trng khong?Cong ty cua ban co thieu ngi thay the cac nhan vien chnh hoac co ke hoach chuyen tiep khong?

Phong hay cong ty cua ban gan ay co trai qua s tang trng nhanh chong khong?San pham hay cong ty cua ban co b giam sut th phan khong?Cong ty cua ban co dnh vao kien tung hay trang cai vi kiem toan ben ngoai khong?Cong ty cua ban co phu thuoc vao he thong tai chnh ke toan m ho hay chieu le khong?Doanh nghiep cua ban co phu thuoc vao quyen s hu hay quan he gia nh khong?Cong ty cua ban co de anh hng bi thien tai khong?Mc o tn nhiem cua cong ty cua ban co kem khong?Phong hay cong ty cua ban co mc o thay the nhan vien hoac gap kho khan trong viec gi chan nhan tai khong?

Cong ty cua ban co de b la gat khong? Ban hay cong ty cua ban co tam nhn anh hng manh me en cong chung khong?Lc lng lao ong trong cong ty co quan he xau vi ban quan ly hay khong?Cong ty cua ban co hoat ong trong mot nc co bat on ve kinh te hoac chnh tr khong?Cong ty ban co thieu nguon d tr tiemn mat khong?Phong hay cong ty cua ban co dung nguyen lieu oc hai hay san xuat san pham oc hai khong?Neu tra li co cho 15 cau tr len : Chuan b khung hoang; 10-14 cau cong ty ban ang gap rac roi; 6-9 ban co the gap rac roi; 5 cau tr xuong tot. Ban co chac la mnh ang kinh doanh?

TNH HUNG1. Uy tn cng ty ang gim st2. o to MBA3. Khng th th ny mi c

Cng ty c phn Ton Thnh Pht l cng ty chuyn sn xut g xut khu. Ngun vn cng ty l vn c phn ca gia nh.. Tng s nhn vin ca cng ty l 156 ngi. Trong c 20 k s, 7 nhn vin vn phng v 129 cng nhn sn xut v lao ng tp v khc. Tng chi ph ca cng ty mt nm khong 30 t. Ti sn ca cng ty bao gm: nh vn phng c tr gi 120 t, tng gi tr my mc, xe ti, thit b1. Hy cho bit cc loi tn tht tim nng ca cng ty?2. Hy a ra cc phng php nhn dng ri ro ca cng ty?

CHNG 4: O LNG RI ROChi ph trc tip v gin tipS phan biet gia chi ph trc tiep va gian tiep la nen tang cho viec c lng cac hau qua ve tai chnh co the co (li ch trc tiep va gian tiep cung c chu y). Chi ph trc tiep la hau qua trc tiep nguy hiem gay ra cho ngi hay vat. (Chang han khi la thieu rui mai nha cua mot ca hang ban le, ton that trc tiep la chi ph sa cha hay thay phan mai nha b hong.)Chi ph gian tiep lien he en s h hong trc tiep gay ra do moi nguy hiem(Chang han that thu cua chu ca hang ban le khi ca hang phai ong ca e sa cha la ton that gian tiep. Cac chi ph gian tiep thng kho thay, mac du hau qua cua no co the ln hn cac chi ph trc tiep nhieu)

Chi ph n ca tai nnTheo Heinrich, chi ph tai nan cong nghiep thng ch c thay qua cac khoan boi thng cho cong nhan b nan trong thi gian ho khong lam viec va cac chi ph thuoc men. Tuy nhien chi ph that s ln hn nhieu, v ong thay cac chi ph an ln hn cac khoan boi thng bon lan. Simonds va Grimaldi a ra mot cach khac e tnh chi ph cho cac tai nan thong thng, trong o cac chi ph khong c bao hiem c trnh bay nh cac he so n gian cua chi ph c bao hiem.Bird va German e xuat khai niem cac chi ph so cai, s d goi nh the la v no ch lien quan en cac chi ph co trong so cai cua cac bo phan. Phng phap nay co the ap dung cho moi tai nan ch khong phai ch cho cac tai nan gay ton thng c the hay le ra a gay ton thng.

QUAN IEM CUA HEINRICHChi ph thi gian b mat cua ngi b nanChi ph thi gian b mat cua cac cong nhan khac do phai ngng viec e giup ngi b nanChi ph thi gian b mat cua cac quan oc va cac vien chc khac e chuan b bao cao va ao tao ngi thay theChi ph do nguyen lieu, may moc, dung cu va cac tai san khac b hongChi ph cua ngi chu do phai tiep tuc tra lng ay u cho ngi b nan khi ho tr lai lam viec, trong khi nang suat cua ho, do cha hoi phuc, co the thap hn so vi trc kia.Cac chi ph xay ra nh la hau qua ve mat tinh than cua tai nan (s lo s, cang thang)

QUAN IEM SIMONDS VA GRIMALDITong chi ph = Chi ph bao hiem ++A* So trng hp mat thi gian +B* So trng hp a en bac s (khong mat thi gian) +C* So trng hp ch can s cu +D* So tai nan khong gay ton thng nhng gay thiet hai ve tai san vt qua mot gii han xac nhTrong o A,B,C,D la cac chi ph khong c bao hiem trung bnh cua tng loai trng hp trong thi gian quan sat.

QUAN IEM BIRD VA GERMANDa tren cach phan loai chi ph trong ke toan e xac nh, nh chi ph nhan cong, nguyen vat lieu, san xuat chungTong chi ph tr cap cho cong nhan.Lng va chi ph thuoc men a tra trong thi gian khong lam viec ngoai phan tr cap.Thi gian b mat trong ngay xay ra tai nan va cac ngay sau o.Thi gian cong nhan b nan phai lam viec nhe hoac nang suat giam.May moc, thiet b, nguyen vat lieu:- Chi ph sa cha hoac thay the thiet b.- Thi gian san xuat b mat

Cc yu t cn o lng oi vi rui ro thuan tuy:Tan so cua cac ton that co the xay ra Mc o nghiem trong cua cac ton that nay. oi vi rui ro suy oan: Tan so cua cac ket qua tieu cc va tch cc Mc o nghiem trong hay o ln cua cac ket qua nay.

O LNG TAN SO TON THAT Mot phng phap c lng tan so ton that la quan sat xac suat e mot nguy hiem se gay ra ton that trong mot nam. (1) hau nh khong xay ra (ngha la theo nha quan tr bien co nay se khong xay ra), (2) hiem khi xay ra (ngha la mac du co the xay ra, cho ti bay gi bien co van cha xay ra va khong co ve g la se xay ra), (3) thnh thoang co xay ra (ngha la no mi xay ra gan ay va co the hy vong se xay ra vao luc nao o trong tng lai), hay (4) thng xay ra (ngha la no a xay ra thng xuyen va co the hy vong con xay ra thng xuyen trong tng lai)

CAC MC O TON THATTon that ln nhat co the co (Maximum possible loss) la gia tr thiet hai ln nhat co the xay ra, co the nhan thc c. Ton that ln nhat co le co (Maximum probable loss), la gia tr thiet hai ln nhat nha quan tr tin la co the xay ra. thiet hai kho vt qua ton that co le co, trong khi thiet hai khong the vt qua ton that ln nhat co the co.Ton that toan bo hang nam ln nhat co le co la lng ton that ln nhat ma mot hay mot nhom oi tng rui ro co the chu trong suot nam ma nha quan tr tin la co the xay ra.

PHNG PHP NH TNHTHANG O NH HNG

nh ginh hng tim nngNghim trngTt c mc tiu u khng tNhiuHu ht cc mc tiu u b nh hngTrung bnhMt s ch tiu b nh hng, cn c s n lc iu chnhtCn t n lc iu chnh cc mc tiuKhng ng knh hng rt nh, u chnh bnh thng

Thang o kh nng xy ra

nh giXc sutHu nh chc chn xy raC th xy ra nhiu ln trong mt nmD xy raC th xy ra 1 ln/nmC th xy raC th xy ra trong thi gian 5 nmKh xy raC th xy ra trong thi gian 5 10 nmHim khi xy raC th xy ra sau 10 nm

Sp xp th t u tin

nh hng/xc sutKhng ng ktTrung bnhNhiu Nghim trngHu nh chc chn Trung bnhTrung bnhCao CaoD xy raThpTrung bnhTrung bnhCaoC th xy raThpTrung bnhTrung bnh CaoCaoKh xy raThpTrung bnhTrung bnh CaoHim khi xy raThpThpTrung bnh Cao

CC PHNG PHP NH LNG PHNG PHAP TRIEN KHAI TON THATBc 1: Xac nh he so trien khai.Phan tch tn that trong qua kh nham xac nh he so trien khai. He so trien khai tng ky bang tong so khieu nai co the co chia cho khieu nai cng don cua ky o.Bc 2: D bao khieu nai co the coKhieu nai co the co tng lo hang se bang so khieu nai a bao cao nhan vi he so trien khai tng ng.Bc 3: D bao dong khieu nai boi thng theo thi gianBc 4: D bao dong tien thanh toan va hien gia ve thi iem d bao

V DUMot ca hang ban may vi tnh co bao hanh 3 thang t luc ban may. So lieu thong ke cho thay, khi thang th nhat khi ban hang nhan c 50% khieu nai, thang th 2 nhan c 30%, phan con lai vao thang th 3. Moi khieu nai chi ph het 50USD, thanh toan lam 2 lan cuoi thang, ngay khi nhan khieu nai 60% phan con lai vao thang ke tiep. Khieu nai a bao cao cua lo hang ban thang 9 la 40 va lo hang ban thang 10 la 35. Gi s hin ti la thang 10. Hay d bao so khieu nai co the co cho hai lo hang tren, dong tien boi thng va hien gia ve thi iem thang 9 vi lai suat 1%/thang.

BC 1 XAC NH HE SO TRIEN KHAI(1) Thi gian c quyen khieu nai boi thng(2) So khieu nai c bao cao tng thang(3) Tong so khieu nai cong don tng thang(4) He so trien khai bang tong so khieu nai co the co chia cho so khieu nai cong don tng thang

(1)(2)(3)(4)150%50%2 = 100%: 50%230%80%1,25 = 100% : 80%320%100%1

BC 2 D BAO KHIEU NAI CO THE CO

LO HANGKhiu ni bo coS thi han c bo hanhH s trin khaiKhiu ni c th cT.94021.2550T.10351270TONG75120

BC 3 D BAO DONG KHIEU NAI

LO HANGKhiu ni c th c9101112T.950251510T.1070352114TONG12025503114

BC 4 D BAO DONG TIEN BOI THNGt

Tong91011121Dong k/n12025503114TT 60%36007501500930420TT 40%24005001000620280Tong 60007502000193010402801/(1+k)0,990,980,970,960,95Hien gia5839742,519601872,1998,4266

PHNG PHAP D BAO DA TREN NGUY C RUI ROBc 1: Phan tch oi tng ganh chu rui ro thanh nhng nhom co nguy c xay ra rui ro gan giong nhau, va tnh xac suat.Bc 2: Chon mot oi tng lam chuan tnh he so qui oi cua cac oi tng khac sang oi tng chuan.Bc 3: D bao nhu cau oi tng rui ro cho ky ti.Bc 4: D bao rui ro co the xay ra, so tien boi thng, sau o hien gia ve thi iem d bao.

V DUMot nha quan tr rui ro mot cong ty xay dng ang phai d bao rui ro ve tai nan lao ong cong ty trong nam ti. Anh ta a phan toan bo lc lng lao ong cua cong ty thanh 4 nhom: cong nhan xay dng, nhan vien van phong, oc cong, quan ly. Thu nhap bnh quan 1 cong nhan xay dng la 24 trieu/nm, 1 nhan vien van phong la 30 trieu/nam, 1 oc cong la 42 trieu/nam, 1 quan ly la 60 trieu/nm. Gi nh thu nhap cung c coi la nguy c rui ro tai nan lao ong trong moi quan he gia lao ong tai nan. Trung bnh 1 nam 1 cong nhan co 1 tai nan, nhan vien van phong la 20 nam co 1 tai nan, oc cong la 5 nam co 1 tai nan, quan ly la 10 nam co 1 tai nan. Nhu cau nam ti cua cong nhan la 300 ngi, nhan vien van phong la 50 ngi, oc cong la 20 ngi, quan ly la 4 ngi .

Hay xac nh:- Tong so tai nan co the co cua cong ty trong nam ti?- Neu moi tai nan chi ph het 15 trieu va thanh toan 50% khi tai nan xay ra 30% vao nam ti, phan con lai vao nam tiep theo, hay xac nh tong so tien phai thanh toan, dong tien thanh toan va hien gia ve thi iem d bao neu lai suat chiet khau la 10%/nam (i)?

BC 1

Loai lao ngThu nhp bq/nmKh nng tai nnNhu cu nm tiCn xy dng24 tr1 nm - 1tai nn300Nv vn phng3020 nm 150c cng425 nm 120Qun l6010 nm - 14

BC 2 & 3

Loai Lao ngThu nhp bnh qun/nmKh nng tai nnNhu cu nm tiH s qui i Lao ng qui iCnxd24 tr1- 13001300Nvvp3020 15025 = (30:24) x (20:1) x (1 : 1)2c425 1208,752,29Ql6010 - 14250,16TONG374304,45

BC 4Tong so tai nan co the co la 304,45 x 1 = 304,45 tai nan; tong so tien boi thng la 304,45 x 15 = 4.566,75 trieu VN. Tong so tien hien gia : 4.566,75 x 0.8527 = 3.894,07 trieun

Nm Thanh tonTha s hin gi (1/(1+i)Hin gi10.50.90910.454520.30.82640.247930.20.75130.1503Tng10.8527

Mt cng ty ang phi thit lp d bo v ri ro tai nn trong nm ti. Cng ty chia lao ng thnh 3 nhm: cng nhn, nhn vin vn phng v qun l. Theo s liu thng k, trung bnh cng nhn 1 nm/ 1 tai nn, nhn vin vn phng 3 nm/ 1 tai nn v qun l th lu hn 5 nm/1 tai nn. i vi h, mt mt ngun thu nhp cng l ri ro bit rng trung bnh cng nhn thu nhp 40tr/nm; nhn vin vn phng 60tr/nm v qun l 80tr/nm. chia s ri ro ny vi h, cng ty c k hoch ph cp cho nu c xy ra tai nn vi mc 30tr/1 tai nn. S tin ny c thanh ton thnh 3 t: 50% cui nm xy ra tai nn; 30% vo cui nm tip theo v phn cn li vo cui nm tip theo na.Yu Cu:Tng s tai nn c th c m cng ty c th gp phi trong nm ti?Tng s tin thanh ton; hin gi v hin ti vi mc chit khu l 10%/nm?

C LUNG O CHNH XACCong thc tong quat MPC Ton that ln nht co th co K la ton that trung bnh Z he so c tnh t o tin cay Deta la o lech chuan

MOT SO PHAN PHOI XAC SUAT Phn phi chun Phn phi nh thcXc sut ca r tai nn = Phn phi PoissonXc xut ca r tai nn =

n!r! (n r)! pr(1 p) n - rr!mre- mTrong m chnh l k vng ca s lng tai nne = logarit t nhin = 2,718r! = r (r 1)(r 2)(2)(1) (c gi l r giai tha)

BAI TAP Mot doanh nghiep san xuat 2 loai san pham (n = 2). Trong qua trnh van chuyen, xac suat e xay ra rui ro cua mot loai san pham la p = 0.1. Tnh xac suat e co 0, 1, 2 ton that xay ra?

Pr = 0 =

2!0! (2 0)! 0.10(1 0.1) 2- 0 = 0.81

Pr = 1 =

2!1! (2 1)! 0.11(1 0.1) 2- 1 = 0.18

Pr = 2 =

2!2! (2 2)! 0.12(1 0.1) 2- 2 = 0.01

BI TP

Gi s phn phi Poisson vi k vng l 2. Hy tnh xc sut c 0, 1, 2, 39 tai nn

m = 2; e = 0,1353Xc sut khng c tai nn = (2^0)(0,1353)/(0!) = 0,1353Xc sut c 1 tai nn = (2^1)(0,1353)/(1!) = 0,2706Xc sut c 2 tai nn = (2^2)(0,1353)/(2!) = 0,2706Xc sut c 3 tai nn = (2^3)(0,1353)/(3!) = 0,1804Xc sut c 4 tai nn = (2^4)(0,1353)/(4!) = 0,0902Xc sut c 5 tai nn = (2^5)(0,1353)/(5!) = 0,0361Xc sut c 6 tai nn = (2^6)(0,1353)/(6!) = 0,0120Xc sut c 7 tai nn = (2^7)(0,1353)/(7!) = 0,0034Xc sut c 8 tai nn = (2^8)(0,1353)/(8!) = 0,0009Xc sut c 9 tai nn = (2^9)(0,1353)/(9!) = 0,0002Tng cng = 0,9997

5

CHNG 5: KIM SOT RI ROMt s cac bien phap kiem soat rui ro trong thc te Lap at he thong bao an e ngan chan s xam nhap bat hp phap vao nhng d lieu.Lap at nhng he thong cha chay, bao am an toan cho con ngi, tai san.Thc hien nhng chng trnh ao tao va giao duc cho cong nhan nham nang cao nhan thc, hieu biet cua ho ve rui ro va giup ho biet s dung ky thuat e han che nhng trng hp ang tiec khi co rui ro xay ra.Phat trien va thi hanh nhng luat le a c quy nh, thng xuyen hng dan nhan vien thc hien nhng luat le quy nh o, vi muc tieu la quan tr nhng s mat mat, va thng vong trong c cau oi vi sc manh cua t nhien...

MT S VN C BN V KIM SOT RI ROKhi nim Kim sot ri ro bao gm nhng ky thuat, nhng cong cu, nhng chien lc, va nhng qua trnh nham bien oi rui ro cua mot to chc thong qua viec ne tranh, ngan nga, giam thieu bang cach kiem soat tan suat va mc o cua rui ro va ton that hoac li ch.Mt khac, kiem soat rui ro con bao gom ca nhng phng phap hoan thien cac kien thc va s hieu biet trong hanh vi to chc co tac ong en rui ro.

Cc trng hp kim sot ri ro c s dng Chi ph ti tr ri ro thng ln hn chi ph tn tht Tn tht pht sinh gin tip hay nhng chi ph n khng c pht hin trong thi gian di Tn tht gy nn nhng tc ng bn ngoi nh hng khng tt n t chc. (t chc lm nhim mi trng lm tng chi ph kim sot ri ro)

Mi quan h ca kim sot ri ro i vi cc vn khc trong qun tr ri ro Vi nh gi ri roChuoi rui ro bao gom nam mat xch c ban sau: 1. Moi hiem hoa: la nhng ieu kien dan en ton that. (Mot bo phan cua may moc c bao quan khong ung cach)2. Yeu to moi trng : la boi canh ma trong o nguy hiem ton tai. (San cua phan xng ni bo phan may moc nay c lap at)3. S tng tac: la qua trnh ma moi hiem hoa va moi trng rui ro tac ong lan nhau, oi khi khong co anh hng nhng oi khi dan en ton that. (Mot ngi cong nhan van hanh thiet b khong c bao quan ung cach co the b tai nan v tam chan bao ve khong c at ung cho khi mui khoan b gay.)

4. Ket qua co the la tot hay xau : la ket qua trc tiep cua s tac ong. (trong trng hp nay la viec b ton thng nghiem trong mat).5.Nhng hau qua : khong phai la nhng ket qua trc tiep (viec b ton thng mat) ma la nhng hau qua lau dai cua s co xay ra (s khieu nai boi thng cua cong nhan khi b ton thng, sa cha may moc, chi ph thuoc men, y te....)

Mi lin h gia kim sot ri ro v ti tr ri roKim sot ri ro c mi lin h cht ch vi ti tr ri ro v n c nh hng n tn sut v ln ca tn tht cn c ti trKim sot ri ro c hiu qu nh hng tch cc n chi ph ti tr ri ro ca t chc

CC CNG C V K THUT KIM SOT RI RO N TRNH RI ROMot trong nhng phng phap kiem soat rui ro cu the la ne tranh nhng hoat ong, con ngi, tai san lam phat sinh ton that co the co bi khong tha nhan no ngay t au hoac bi loai bo nguyen nhan dan ti ton that a c tha nhan. Bien phap au tien cua hoat ong ne tranh rui ro la chu ong ne tranh trc khi rui ro xay raBien phap th hai la loai bo nhng nguyen nhan gay rui ro.

ay la giai phap kha n gian, triet e va chi ph thap, tuy nhien co mot so han che:Rui ro va li ch song song ton tai v vay neu ne tranh rui ro cung co the mat i li ch co c t tai san va hoat ong o.Rui ro va bat nh ton tai trong moi hoat ong cua con ngi va to chc, v vay coi chng tranh rui ro nay chung ta co the gap rui ro khac.Trong nhieu tnh huong khong the at ra giai phap ne tranh, hoac nguyen nhan cua rui ro gan chat vi ban chat hoat ong do vay khong the ch loai bo nguyen nhan ma khong loai bo hoat ong

V DUMot cong ty hoa chat hang au d tnh tien hanh hang loat nhng th nghiem tai mot vung nong thon, bao gom ca mot th tran nho oc lap. Trong khi chuan b cho cuoc th nghiem nay, cac nha nghien cu a kham pha ra rang cong cuoc nghien cu nay co the se gay nhng thiet hai nghiem trong cho cong ong c dan o. Ngi ta yeu cau nha quan tr rui ro mua bao hiem cho nhng ton that co the xay ra nhng ch co mot vai cong ty bao hiem san sang ap ng nhu cau nay va so tien mua bao hiem ln hn nhieu so vi so tien cong ty san sang tra. Ket qua la cong ty chong lai viec tien hanh nhng cuoc th nghiem.

NGN NGA TN THTChng trnh ngan nga ton that tm cach giam bt so lng cac ton that xay ra hoac loai bo chung hoan toan. Chuoi rui ro la rat quan trong v cac hoat ong ngan nga rui ro tm cach can thiep vao ba mat xch au tien cua chuoi: s nguy hiem, moi trng rui ro, s tng tac gia moi nguy hiem va moi trng. ieu o co ngha la cac hoat ong ngan nga rui ro tap trung vao:Thay the hoac sa oi mi nguy himThay the hoac sa oi moi trngThay the hoac sa oi c che tng tac (gia moi nguy hiem va moi trng)

V DU MI NGUY HIM, HIEM HOA Bao ve cong ty bat can - Chng trnh huan luyen, ao toa va sat hach nghiem ngat tieu chuan cong viec; theo doi nh ky anh gia lai..Han han, lu lut Chu ong nguon nc ti; xay ap quan ly nguon ncHoa hoan, chay no tai nha kho, nha xng - Cam hut thuoc hay bat c vat g co kha nang tao tia la, tch thu trc khi vao khu vc..Nan o nhiem cong ty ban hanh quy trnh hng ve viec s dung va thai cac chat gay o nhiem trong qua trnh san xuatVe sinh thc pham kem - a ra qui nh, tieu chuan chat lng yeu to au vao, au ra; tang cng kiem tra giam sat qua trnh san xuatau t sai d an, la chon sai oi tac - Nghien cu, ieu tra, thu thap thong tin co lien quan ve d an; tm hieu thong tin, lch s kinh doanh cua oi tac t cac ben co lien quanGia tang chi ph kiem soat, anh gia lai c cau chi ph hien tai, e xuat cac giai phap tiet kiemBan hang kem ao tao lai nhan vien ban hang, nang cao them cac ky nang nhan biet nhu cau, t van va thuc ay mua hang..

V DU MOI TRNGNha kho nha xng hanh kho au t thiet ke kien truc thoat hi nc, co bao chay t ong; lap at cac phng tien PCCC tai choD lieu quan trong trang b may moc thiet b cho toan the nhan vien, quan ly kho d lieu bang phan mem, phan quyen trc tiepBan hang kem hieu qua Xay dng moi trng ban hang, cham soc khach hang tieu chuan, van hanh theo cac tieu ch ban hang quy nhVe sinh, an toan thc pham xay dng khu vc san xuat at tieu chuan chat lng, mo hnh san xuat sach, an toan, tiet kiem

V DU - C CHE TNG TACQuy trnh san xuat tai nha xng gay tch nhiet xay dng he thong lam mat tai cho, thiet ke lai quy trnh san xuat, lap at day chuyen miD lieu mat cap ma truy cap cho tng nhan vien tng ng, ai truy cap ngi o phai xac nhan maBan hang kem Co c che giam sat noi bo, giam sat cheo, trien khai lay y kien anh gia t khach hangVe sinh an toan thc pham Ra soat, thay oi ngien cu quy trnh san xuat mi; thay the cac c che, quy trnh a xay ra rui ro, ton that.

GIM THIU TN THTCac bien phap giam thieu ton that tan cong vao cac rui ro bang cach lam giam bt gia tr h hai khi ton that xay ra (tc giam nhe s nghiem trong cua ton that)

Nhng hoat ong giam thieu ton that la nhng bien phap sau khi ton that a xay ra. Giam thieu ton that tap trung vao mat xch th 3 (ch thnh thoang, khong thng xuyen) va mat xch th 4 va th 5 (thong thng hn)

GIAM THIEU TON THATCu lay nhng tai san con s dung cChuyen nKe hoach giai quyet hiem hoaD phongPhan chia rui ro

CU LAY NHNG TAI SAN CON S DUNG CMot bien phap giam thieu ton that c s dung rong rai la cu lay nhng tai san con s dung c. Hiem khi to chc b thiet hai hoan toan va nha quan tr rui ro co the toi thieu hoa ton that thong qua viec cu lay nhng tai san con lai.(Mot chiec xe hi co the b ban lam phe lieu trong khi mot bo phan thiet b a b h hong nhng sa cha c co the em ban ch cu)(Cong ty bao hiem thu hoi nhng tai san con lai sau ton that nham toi thieu hoa tac ong cua nhng ton that ma ho phai ganh chu)

CHUYEN NMot ky thuat giam thieu khac c e cap ay la s chuyen n. Khi mot cong ty bao hiem boi thng thiet hai cho ngi mua bao hiem th cong ty bao hiem co the co c hoi lay lai tien boi thng t ben th ba trong vu kien.

KE HOACH GIAI QUYET HIEM HOAGiam thieu ton that tm cach giam thieu s tac ong cua ton that hoac la thong qua viec kiem soat nhng s kien khi no xuat hien, kiem soat ket qua tc thi cua s kien hoac la thong qua viec kiem soat nhng hau qua lau dai cua no. Nhng ke hoach giai quyet hiem hoa hoac nhng bien co bat ng la mot s tiep can hp nhat oi vi s giam thieu ton that. Mot ke hoach giai quyet nhng hiem hoa la mot no lc to ln cua to chc trong viec xac nh nhng khung hoang hoac tai hoa co the xay ra va thiet lap cac ke hoach e oi pho vi nhng bien co nay. Ke hoach phong nga nhng bat trac thng bao gom mot qua trnh nghien cu va anh gia tng oi dai nhng cuoi cung cung phai nhng lai cho mot ke hoach ngau nhien co the s dung c trong trng hp to chc b ton that.

LAP KE HOACH GIAI QUYET S CO BAT NGTo chc mot nhom hoach nh e thu thap ky nang, kinh nghiem va y kien cua nhieu ngi.anh gia pham vi va anh hng cua s co tc la tat ca nhng th co the dien ra theo tnh huong xau.Trien khai ke hoach d phong s co bat ng e vo hieu hoa hoac cha ng moi kha canh quan trong cua cuoc khung hoang co the xay ra. Giao tiep la mot phan quan trong cua ke hoach nay.ng bao gi cho rang ke hoach giai quyet s co bat ng se thc s hieu qua. Hay luon th nghiem ke hoach trong ieu kien thc tien hay tnh huong dan dng.Thng xuyen cap nhat ke hoach.

KE HOACH GIAI QUYET HIEM HOANhng hoat ong di ay la mot phan cua nhng ke hoach phong nga nhng hiem hoa, rui ro : Nhng nhan vien a c trai qua huan luyen.Lu tr ho s a c vi tnh hoa.Kiem tra thng xuyen e hoan thien he thong cha chay.Bao am tn dung t viec cho cac to chc vay.Huan luyen nhan vien ve cac trng hp an toan khan cap.Lap ke hoach va cach oi pho vi nhng hiem hoa thong qua bo phan cha chay va cac to chc chnh phu co lien quan.Kha nang chuyen t lanh sang nong cua may tnh.Sa oi lai cau truc, v du nh lap at he thong tng ngan chay.Phat trien chien lc ve nhng moi quan he cong ong.Thanh lap cac oi cap cu khan cap.

NG QUEN VIEC GIAO TIEP TRONG THC HIEN KE HOACH Ch truyen at mot so thong iep a c chon loc ky nham thong bao mot cach chnh xac van e va cac ong thai cua cong ty. Chon mot ngi quan ly e thong bao cac van e chnh yeu. ng tm cach giam nhe tnh nghiem trong cua tnh hnh. ng o loi cho cac nan nhan Thong bao tat ca cac tin xau cung mot luc. ng bao gi quen nhan vien cua ban.

MOT SO LU YNeu ban khong biet bat au cac ke hoach giai quyet cac s co bat ng t au th hay bat au t nhng viec n gian nh lut loi hay hoa hoan.Viec lap ke hoach giai quyet s co bat ng khong co tac dung oi vi cac khung hoang khong the d bao trc. Giai phap tot nhat trong trng hp nay la trong cac nhom giai quyet khung hoang phai co nhng ngi linh ong, quyet oan va co kha nang hanh ong.

D PHONGMot tai san d phong khong c s dung tr phi co rui ro xay ra. S d phong thng c s dung trong nhng trng hp co ton that gian tiep, la nhng ton that nay sinh t nhng ton that trc tiep ti tai san(phng an d phong ve may moc, thiet b, nha cung ng, nhan lc)ong vai tro kep trong viec ngan nga ton that va giam thieu ton that. S d phong lam giam kha nang ton that gian tiep xay ra bi v tai san d phong san sang c s dung neu tai san nguyen thuy khong con s dung c na.

PHN CHIA RI ROMinh hoa cuoi cung cho ky thuat giam thieu ton that la phan chia rui ro. S phan chia rui ro la mot ky thuat trong o mot to chc co gang ngan cach nhng rui ro cua no vi nhau thay v cho phep chung gay hai cho mot s kien n le. (Nhng bc tng ngan la trong mot cau truc . No chia pha ben trong cua cau truc thanh nhieu ngan rieng biet bang cac vat lieu chong la) ong lc ang sau cua s phan chia rui ro la lam giam bat ky s phu thuoc gia nhng rui ro cua to chc bang cach lam giam s giong nhau ma mot s kien n le tac ong len toan bo nhng rui ro cua to chc.

QUN TR THNG TIN Thong tin bat nguon t phong quan tr rui ro cua mot to chc co mot anh hng quan trong trong viec giam thieu nhng bat nh cua nhng ngi co quyen li gan lien vi to chc.

Phong quan tr rui ro cua mot to chc phai cung cap thong tin e xac nh hieu qua cua viec o lng kiem soat rui ro va nhng muc tieu trong tng lai ho can at c.

Thong tin ang tin cay t phong quan tr rui ro co the cung cap cho nhng ngi co quyen li gan lien vi to chc s am bao rang to chc khong va se khong hanh ong co hai en li ch cua ho.

Mot lnh vc khac ma thong tin co the han che s bat nh la s hieu biet cua ca nhan ve qua trnh tao nen ton that, v du nh chuoi rui ro. S hieu biet ve tien trnh nhng moi hiem hoa xay ra gay ton that co the giam thieu s bat nh cac oi tng co lien quan, bi v s hieu biet nay cho phep ta d bao tot hn ve nhng trng hp ton that co the xay ra va t o giup cac ca nhan canh giac phong nga.e nang cao kha nang hieu biet van e nay, chung ta s dung phng phap bao cao va he thong tng thng cho nhng nhan vien co e ngh ve nhng hoat ong an toan hn.

GII QUYT KHNG HONG

Thi gian khong phai la ngi ban ong hanh trong thi gian xay ra khung hoang. C moi ngay khung hoang tiep dien cang lam lu m hnh anh cua cong ty va tao a e hnh anh ay b trt doc xa hn. V vay mot khi ban a xac nh c khung hoang la g th hay hanh ong nhanh chong va quyet oan e giai quyet no.Nhng thong tin ve khung hoang se thay oi khi no c giai quyet. Do o, hay tiep tuc thu thap thong tin. Lam nh vay se giup cho nhom giai quyet khung hoang co c bc tranh toan canh ro net ve tnh hnh thc te.

Viec giao tiep khong ngng se cung cap thong tin cho cac nhan vat then chot va tran ap nhng tin on va suy oan.Lu tr d lieu ve khung hoang va nhng giai phap kem theo khi ban hang ong. Co nh vay th sau nay ban mi co the anh gia hieu qua hoat ong cua nhom quan ly khung hoang va rut ra bai hoc cho lan sau.Nhieu khung hoang co the c giai quyet bang nhng ky thuat quan ly khung hoang, bao gom viec xac nh muc tieu, lap ke hoach, quan ly thc hien va ket thuc d an.Tat ca moi ngi eu ky vong nhng nha lanh ao tai nang, t tin va sang suot trong khi xat ra khung hoang.

B QUYET GIAI TOA CANG THANG DO KHUNG HOANGNgu u giacNgh ngi va lam ieu g o e bi i s cang thang trong ban: i dao, ap xe, bi loi, nghe nhac neu ban biet chi nhac cu, moi ngay hay thc hien mot vai giai ieu.ng ngh nhieu ve nhng ieu co the sai lam. Thay vao o, hay nhn vao cac mao hiem mot cach khach quan, va chuyen s chu ycua ban vao li ch cua viec lam ung moi chuyen.Tranh suy ngh qua nhieu. Hay danh nghieu thi gian vi nhng ngi bnh thng tc la nhng ngi khong phai oi mat vi khung hoang.

B QUYET GIAO TIEP KHI XAY RA KHUNG HOANGLuon trung thcCh cung cap s thatNoi that ve nhng ieu ban biet va nhng ieu ban khong bietTo chc mot ng day nong e kiem soat nhng tin on.Ghi am lai mot li nhan tren ng day thong tin cua cong ty hang ngay vi nhng thong tin mi nhat.ng suy oan.

NHNG HANH ONG CUA NGI LANH AO KHI BIET C GOC RE S VIECSang suot. Hay ch ra ngi nam trong trach va ieu hanh cong viec tien trien tot hn.oi mat vi khung hoang. Bien noi lo s thanh hanh ong tch cc.Canh giac, than trong.hay tm kiem hng phat trien mi va nhan biet tam quan trong cua thong tin mi.Duy tr tam iem chu y ti nhng u tien cua cong ty. Hay bao am an toan cho moi ngi la u tien hang au, sau o giai quyet nhng viec can lam quan trong tiep theo.anh gia va giai quyet nhng viec trong tam kiem soat cua ban. Bo qua nhng viec ngoai tam kiem soat cua banPham quy neu can thiet. Nhng quy tac, ngan sach,chnh sach cua cong ty khong may khi c ap dung ung luat khi xay ra khung hoang.

TUYEN BO CHAM DT KHUNG HOANGNhng dau hieu khang nh khung hoang a troi qua:Nhan vien a quay tr lai cong viec thng ngay.Khach hang va nha cung cap van muon tiep tuc hp tac vi cong ty cua ban.ien thoai reo nhng khong phai la cua phong vien thi sDoanh so ban hang, thu nhap va nhng ch so hoat ong kinh doanh khac tr ve trang thai bnh thng.Chuyen hng s chu y vao nhng nhiem vu c ban cua cong ty: tang trng va li nhuan.

KIEM SOAT CAC PHNG TIEN TRUYEN THONG

Gii truyen thong la mot trong nhng kenh thong tin quan trong qua o ban se lien lac vi cong chung va nhng nhan vat chu chot khac co lien quan en cong ty. V vay ban hay thang than, chnh xac va xay dng thong iep mang noi dung nhng g ban muon a tin. ong thi viec cung cap cho gii truyen thong s that se tr giup cho thong iep cua ban.Ban khong the che dau cau chuyen cua ban bang cach l i gii truyen thong. Viec o ch them kch ong phong vien tm moi cach e khi cau chuyen ma ket cuc la bai bao cua ho a tin co the khong nh ban mong i.

KIEM SOAT CAC PHNG TIEN TRUYEN THONGTrc khi gap gii truyen thong, hay thc hien hai ieu sau: (1) d oan nhng cau phong vien co the hoi va (2) lap danh sach nam cau hoi ma ban ghet nhat va chuan b san cau tra li cho nhng cau hoi o.Co thai o hanh vi ng x ton trong vi gii bao ch trong nhng luc thuan li e ho danh cho cong ty ban nhng u ai hn khi cong ty lan vao hoan canh kho khan.

KIEM SOAT CAC PHNG TIEN TRUYEN THONGKhi ban xay dng chien lc truyen thong, hay m au bang phan khuc oi tng. Sau o thiet ke thong iep ap ng moi quan tam cua oi tng. Cuoi cung, hay s dung phng tien truyen thong phu hp nhat e thong iep nay co the en c tng nhom oi tng ay.San sang ng pho trc mot kha nang mot tham hoa co the gay te liet moi ng day thong tin lien lac ien t ang c s dung.Thi iem tot nhat e tien hanh chien lc truyen thong la trc khi khung hoang no ra.

B QUYET LAM VIEC VI PHONG VIENSan sang oi pho vi nhng cuoc goi ti tap mot khi tin ve khung hoang hay s viec nao o b ro r ra ben ngoai.Nhanh chong ng pho. Ban se tang cng quan he vi gii truyen thong neu ban biet thong cam vi s that rang ho ang chu sc ep ve thi gian. V vay tra li cang nhieu cuoc goi cang tot. Ban se giup phong vien va long tot cua ban co the c en ap bang mot bai viet khach quan ve cong ty ban.Tao ieu kien thuan li cho cong viec cua phong vien. Phong vien chu sc ep lay tin va nhang chong hoan thanh tac pham ngay trong ngay. V vay, hay cung cap cho ho thong tin va phac hoa cau chuyen cho ho. Co nh vay, bai bao o mi co kha nang a theo ung y cua ban.

HOC HOI KINH NGHIEM T KHUNG HOANGNha lanh ao la ngi cong bo ket thuc khung hoang bang cach da vao nhng dau hieu the hien tnh tranh bnh thng a tr lai. Nhan vien can biet nhng dau hieu nay trc khi ho tiep tuc cong viec.

Bay to cam n oi vi nhng ngi a giup va tan tam vi cong ty trong thi gian khung hoang. Neu hau qua khong qua thiet hai, nen to chc an mng v a qua c cn khung hoang.

HOC HOI KINH NGHIEM T KHUNG HOANGTao mot ho s d lieu bao gom nhng thong tin lien quan en khung hoang. Cong viec thu thap thong tin tao nen mot so ghi chep bai hoc kinh nghiem ve sau.Khi khung hoang qua i, hay to chc mot cuoc hop e moi ngi trnh bay nhng viec lam tot, nhng viec lam cha tot, va can phai lam the nao e giai quyet khung hoang hieu qua hn. Lap mot danh sach co he thong nhng ieu can ghi nh a neu tren.

TI TR RI RO

Tai tr rui ro la nhng ky thuat va cong cu c s dung e tai tr cho chi ph cua rui ro va ton that

MT S PHNG PHP TI TR RI RO

Lu gi ri roMot phng phap pho bien e quan ly rui ro la lu gi ton that. Nguon bu ap rui ro la nguon t co cua chnh to chc o, cong them vi nguon vay mn ma to chc o phai co trach nhiem hoan tra.

Mt s vn cn xem xt khi ra quyt nh s dng phng php t bo him

Phi c s ri ro thun nht va ln tn tht mc tiu c ngn chnPhi c ngun ti chnh vng mnh c th b p cc tn tht khi ri ro xut hinCn ch trng qun l danh mc t bo him ca cng ty

K hoch v ngun ti tr tn tht lu giKhng c k hoch ti tr, mc nhin khi c tn tht s bi thng t ngun huy ng cTi khon ti sn d phng: l lng tin mt hay cc loi ti sn ti chnh khc d chuyn thnh tin mt thanh ton nhng khon tn tht khng c bo himCng ty bo him trc h: cc cng ty bo him trc h l cc cng ty bo him phn nhnh ring do mt hng hoc mt t chc thnh lp tin hnh bo him cho cc dch v ca h

Chuyn giao ri roChuyn giao bng hp ng bo himBao hiem la mot hnh thc chuyen giao tai tr rui ro, trong o ngi bao hiem chap thuan ganh vac phan ton that tai chnh khi rui ro xuat hien. Bao hiem co the c nh nghia nh mot hp ong chap thuan gia hai ben: ngi bao hiem va ngi c bao hiem. Theo hp ong nay, ngi bao hiem ong y bu ap nhng ton that c bao hiem (theo hp ong bao hiem) va ngi c bao hiem co trach nhiem ong nhng khoan ph bao hiem cung nh chi ph dch vu cho ngi bao hiem.

Chuyn giao bng hp ng phi bo himPhan ln chuyen giao tai tr rui ro phi bao hiem c thc hien thong qua mot hp ong nham giai quyet cac van e khac, nhng cung co mot vai trng hp hp ong c thiet ke nham muc ch chuyen giao nay rieng cho tnh huong o. Nhieu thoa thuan hp ong loai nay chuyen giao trach nhiem tai chnh oi vi ton that tai san trc tiep hoac ton that thu nhap, mot vai trng hp la ton that nguon nhan lc; hau het chuyen giao trach nhiem tai chnh ve phap ly cho thanh phan th ba.

Vi mot hp ong thue mn, ngi chu nha co the chuyen giao cho ngi thue trach nhiem tai chnh oi vi s h hong cua tai san c thue va cac ton thng than the c chuyen cho thanh phan th ba. Trng hp th hai, ngi thue co the chuyen cho ngi chu nha trach nhiem tai chnh khi xay ra ton that oi vi ngi thue trong trng hp hoa hoan, khong can biet ai la ngi co loi. oi vi cac hp ong xay dng, ngi chu co the chuyen giao cho ben hp ong xay dng mot phan hay tat ca trach nhiem boi thng ton that khi co tai nan xay ra oi vi ngi lao ong.

Mt s lu khi chn gia phng php lu gi v chuyn giaou im ca phng php lu tr v bo him

Phng php lu giPhng php bo him

T chc c nhiu ng c trong kim sot tn tht c th gnh chu ca mnhCng ty bo him c nhiu kinh nghim trong vic bi thng tn thtCc nh qun tr hiu r v t chc ca mnh nn c th tp trung gii quyt c cc vn quan trng ca t chcCng ty bo him c nhiu chuyn vin giiCng ty bo him c nhiu loi dch v bo him cung ng cho khch hng

C s ra quyt nh ti tr ri ro

Loi tn thtTn s xut hinMc tn thtD bonh hngQuyt nh ti trKhng ng kRt caoRt thpRt caoKhng ng kKhng bo himNhCao ThpMc va phi trong 1 nmBnh thngT bo himTrung bnhThpTrung bnhMc va phi trong 10 nmTrm trngT bo himBH bn phnBH ton phnLnHim khi xy raCaot nhtThm haBH ton phn

CC NGUN TI TR C SN SAU TN THT Tin mt v cc chng khon ngn hn Vay n Vn c phn Ngoi cc ngun vn c sn, doanh nghip c th huy ng ngun vn bn ngoi

BI TON V BO HIMDng: C nn tham gia tr chi, u t hay khng?Quyt nh da trn K vng tha dng ti sn khi KHNG tham gia/u t, E[U(w)k] v K vng tha dng ti sn khi C tham gia/u t, E[U(w)c]C 3 kh nng xy ra:E[U(w)k] > E[U(w)c] KHNG tham gia/u tE[U(w)k] = E[U(w)c] BNG QUANGE[U(w)k] < E[U(w)c] tham gia/u tTrong , U(w): tha dng ti sn ca bin c, c tnh ton da trn Hm tha dng bit trcEV(w): k vng mc ti sn khi tham gia/u t, c tnh ton bng gi tr k vng E(w), theo mc xc sut (p) tng ngE[U(w)]: k vng tha dng ti sn ca bin c, c tnh bng tha dng ti sn ca bin c * xc sut xy ra bin c

V d v gi tr k vng Cho cc bin c c th xy ra khi tham gia tr chi, hy la chn tham gia tr chi no di y, bit nu tham gia tr chi th tr ph 10A = {w=10 vi p=0.5; w=10 vi p=0.5} EV(w)=10B = {w=0 vi p=0.5; w=20 vi p=0.5} EV(w)=10C = {w=5 vi p=0.5; w=15 vi p=0.5} EV(w)=10D = {w=0 vi p=0.4; w=20 vi p=0.6} EV(w)=12E = {w=0 vi p=0.6; w=20 vi p=0.4} EV(w)=8F = {w=1 vi p=0.5; w=21 vi p=0.5} EV(w)=11Vy, u tin la chn l D>F>(A,B,C)>ECng thc tnh gi tr ti sn k vng:EVi = EVi: gi tr k vngXi: bin c c tnh bng gi tr tin tPi: xc sut ca bin c Xi

Hm tha dng (U): l mc tha mn m mt ngi nhn c khi tiu dng mt loi hng ha hay thc hin mt hot ngCc gi nh cho hm tha dng:Nhiu s chung hn tTha dng bin: phn nh mc tha dng tng thm khi thc hin thm mt tiu dng hay thc hin mt hnh ngQuy lut tha dng bin gim dn Nguyn tc hm tha dng:Cn bit chnh xc hm tha dng ca c nhn (nhn dng cc tnh cht chung, mt s dng c cho l gn ng)Tha dng gia cc la chn l c lp vi nhauHm tha dng ca t chc, doanh nghip xem nh l tha dng c nhn, di gc ca nhm li ch (c ng, nh qun l, ngi lao ng)

Gi tr k vng ca tha dng:EUi=EUi: k vng tha dng ca bin c iPi: xc sut ca bin c iU(Xi): gi tr tha dng ca bin c i, tnh bng gi tr tin t, thng qua hm tha dng

BI TON MINH HA

Mt ngi c ti sn ban u W=20, vi hm tha dng c dng U= -0.1*W^2+8W. Anh ny ang ng trc la chn khi tham gia mt tr chi may ri vi cc bin c nh bng sau:Hi: anh ny c tham gia tr chi ny khng? Gii thch

Vic c tham gia tr chi hay khng cn ph thuc vo gi tr k vng ti sn anh ta c c gia vic khng tham gia v tham giaTrng hp khng tham giaW=20, U(20)= -0.1*(20)^2+8*20=120 (vtd)EUktg=100%*U(20)=1*120=120 (vgt)Trng hp tham giaNu thng, W=30, U(30)= -0.1*(30)^2+8*30=150 (vtd)Nu thua, W=10, U(10)= -0.1*(10)^2+8*10=70 (vtd)EUtg=50%*U(30)+50%*U910)=0.5*150+0.5*70=110 (vgt)

So snh: EUktg>Eutg: ngi ny s khng tham gia tr chi, hay ni khc hn y l ngi s ri ro v gi tr k vng ti sn khi tham gia tr chi thp hn gi tr ti sn hin ti

Vy, lm sao ngi ny quyt nh tham gia tr chi:Tng xc sut thngTng gi tr thng

Tng xc sut thng ln 90%:EUtg=90%*U(30)+10%*U(10)=0.9*150+0.1*70=142 (vgt) Ngi ny s tham gia tr chiXc sut thng tr chi ny l bao nhiu? ngi ny bng quang vi tr chiEUtg=P*U(30)+(1-p)*U(10)=120 150P+70-70P=120 80P=50 => P=0.625 (tc l 62.5%) Nu xc sut thng ln hn 62.5% th ngi ny s tham gia tr chi, cn nu b hn th s khng tham gia (xc sut thng 50% chng minh iu )

BI TP THC HNHMt ngi c cho mi 1 game vi cc kh nng sau: thng th c thng 50, thua mt 30 vi xc sut tng ng l 30% v 70%. Bit ngi c mc ti sn ban u 100 v hm tha dng l U=W^1/2, Hy:1. Ngi ny c tham gia tr chi hay khng? Gii thch2. Tm mc xc xut thng P kch thch ngi ny tham gia tr chi?3. Tm mc thng khi thng ngi ny sn sng tham gia tr chiGi :1.Khng2. p=42.1%3. X=90.7

Dng: C nn mua bo him hay khng?Cng ty giy BT va u t mt dy chuyn sn xut nhp t nc ngoi vi gi tr khong 100 t. Theo s liu thng k, xc sut xy ra ha hon, chy n trong ngnh giy dp l 2%. Nu xy ra, thit hi c tnh l ton b gi tr dy chuyn. ng trc bin c , cng ty bo him cho mi BT mt gi sn phm bo him vi mc n b ton b gi tr ca thit hi nu c, km theo mc ph l 3 t.Hi Cng ty BT c mua bo him hay khng? Bit rng hm tha dng ca BT trong trng hp ny l U=W^1/2

Quyt nh c mua bo him hay khng? hon ton ph thuc vo vic gi tr k vng v ti sn ca BT khi khng mua v khi mua nh th no?Nu khng mua, k vng ti sn ca BT:EV=2%*0+98%100=98Gi tr k vng tha dng ti sn s l:EUkbh=2%*U(0)+98%*U(100)=0.98*100^1/2=9.8 (vgt)Nu mua, k vng ti sn BT:EV=100-3=97Gi tr k vng tha dng ti sn l:EUbh=2%*U(100-3)+98%*U(100-3)=2%*U(97)+98%*U(97) =100%*U(97)=97^1/2=9.85 (vgt) Nu ch da trn k vng ti sn, th BT s c khuynh hng la chn khng mua bo him Nu da trn gi tr k vng ca tha dng ti sn, th BT s chn mua bo him v khi gi tr k vng tha dng ti sn s ln hn

Nu cng ty bo him a mc gi 4.5 t thay v l 3 t. Hi cng ty BT c cn quyt nh mua bo him na hay khng?Ta xt, nu mua bo him:EUbh=2%*U(100-4.5)+98%*U(100-4.5) =2%*U(95.5)+98%*U(95.5)=100%*U(95.5)=95.5^1/2=9.77 EUbh G=9.8^2=96.04, vy X=W-G=100-96.04=3.96 t

Nhn xt:Nu Cng ty bo him cho mc gi di 3.96 t th BT s mua bo him (trng hp 1)Nu cho mc gi trn 3.96 t th BT s khng mua bo him (trng hp 2)Nu cho ng mc gi 3.96 t th vic mua hay khng mua bo him da trn quan im c nhn ca BT v ri ro

Dng: mua bo him bn phn (mc bi thng khi xy ra tn tht nh hn gi tr tn tht) tng ca bi ton l: cng ty bo him c th c s a dng trong danh mc sn phm bo him cung cp, vy cng ty cn mua quyt nh la chn la nh th no hay chng lun lun mua bo him ton phn vi mt mc gi kh cao?Mt cng ty c mc u t ban u vo ti sn c nh l 200 t nh nh xng, my mc, thit b, vt t..v thm 60 t tin mt. Cc s liu thng k cho thy lnh vc ny c kh nng xy ra nhng tn tht cho ti sn c nh nh sau:50% khng tn tht10% tn tht 20 t20% tn tht 40 t10% tn tht 100 t10% cn li l tn tht tt c ti sn c nhBit hm tha dng cng ty: U=W^0.8

Lo ngi v tn tht c th c, cng ty tm n bo him v c cho mi gi sn phm nh sau: - ton phn, bi thng tt c thit hi nu c vi mi ph 60 tBn phn, bi thng theo 3 dng chn la di y vi mc ph 45 tLa chn 1: Bi thng thp hn mc thit hi 20 t, tc l nu tn tht l A th mc bi thng l (A-20)La chn 2: Bi thng 75% mc tn tht, tc l 75%*ALa chn 3: Gii hn mc thanh ton bi thng 100 t, tc l tn tht l A th bi thng A, nu tn tht ln hn 100 th bi thng 100

Bng tng hp cc kh nng c th xy ra

Nu ch cn c vo EV th BT c th s la chn phng n khng bo him v ti sn k vng l cao nht so vi cc trng hp bo him, nu BT c khuynh hng chp nhn ri roNu cn c vo gi tr k vng tha dng EU th BT s la chn phng n no? (Khng bo him)Nu ban gim c BT l nhng ngi c khuynh hng ngi ri ro nn mun mua bo him th h chn phng n no? Ton phn hay bn phn, nu l bn phn th la chn 1/la chn 2/la chn 3 s c chn? (la chn 1)

QUN TR RI RO I VI NGUN NHN LCTM QUAN TRNG CA NGUN NHN LC I VI NH QUN TR RI RO

Hiu qu cc chi ph Nhng bt li do t vong, mt kh nng lm vic ca ngi lao ng c th nh hng n hot ng ca doanh nghipCc chng trnh phc li v s t vong, sc kha km hay vn hu tr l hnh thc bi thng cho ngi lao ng c hiu qu hn vic ti tr qua lng bng v n th hin mi quan tm ca doanh nghip i vi ngi lao ng

thc trch nhim ca ch doanh nghipCc ch doanh nghip quan tm n phc li ca ngi lao ng v h cm thy phi c trch nhim v vn ny

Cc mi quan h cng chngCng chng c th quy trch nhim cho ngi ch nu nhng tn tht xy ra i vi nhn vin h v ngi ch doanh nghip thy c gi tr t vic to ra mi quan h tt p vi cng chng

Thc hin theo qui nh ca nh ncNh nc ban hnh mt s iu lut nhm m bo quyn li chnh ng ca ngi lao ng v doanh nghip phi chp hnh nghim tc cc iu lut ny

Ngun nhn lc l yu t quan trng pht trin doanh nghipTrong thi k cnh tranh khc lit nh hin nay th ngun nhn lc tt l mt trong yu t hng u gip doanh nghip pht trin bn vng

MI NGUY HIM I VI NGUN NHN LCNGUN NGUY HiM DO CON NGINguy him v thc o cL loi nguy him khng nhn thy c, kh nh gi chnh xc; c quan h mt thit vi hnh vi ca con ngi Do vy hiu qu qun tr, cch thc t chc quan h lao ng, kim sot quy trnh cng vic, kim sot chi ph sn xut kinh doanh rt quan trng i vi cng vic xc nh hnh vi ca ngi lao ng ti ni lm vic sao cho tn tht ri ro l nh nht

Nhng sai lm ca con ngiMt s tai nn, tn tht xy ra bt ngun t nguyn nhn nhng sai lm do con ngi gy nn. Con ngi khng tin on trc c nhng vn c th pht sinh, h c nhng quyt nh sai lm da trn kin thc, kinh nghim lm vic, v mi trng lm vic tc ng

NGUN NGUY HiM DO MI TRNG LM ViC iu kin lm vicp sutnh sngTing n v rungQu trnh sn xut v nguyn vt liu s dng ni lm vicV sinh ni lm vic

p sutKhng kh trong sch, mt m, nhit v m thch hp s c tc dng trc tip ti ngi lao ngCon ngi c th lm vic trong iu kin qu nng hoc qu lnh nhng c gii hn nht nhCc loi qun o bo h lao ng s gip con ngi trnh c tai nn v bo v sc khe mnhTrong iu kin lm vic nhit cao, qu nng cn phi m bo nc ung y , thng xuyn

nh sng v mu scnh sng l mt trong nhng iu kin quan trng m bo cho ngi lao ng lm vicnh sng phi c thit k sao cho c phn phi ng u, trnh ni qu sng, ni th tinh sng s dng cng gn vi nh sng thin nhin th cng ttMu ca tng, trn nh v sn nh c tc dng phn phi n sng ni lm vic

Ting n v rung- Ting n v rung ni lm vic l mt loi rc nng lng, n cn phi loi b hoc gim thiu- Mt s phng php gim thiu ting n v rung:Trong thit k my hoc ni lm vic cn phi c cc thng s v ting n v rungBo dng tt hn, thay th cc nguyn liu mm ch ni trn b mt, s dng ming m nhng ch gcng ngun gy ting ng hay rung bng cc nguyn liu c bitTrang b cho ngi lao ng cc dng c phng chng ting n v rung

Nguyn vt liu s dng trong qu trnh lao ngi vi cc cht c hi: cha trong thng c np y v gi ni thong mt, cch xa vng nguy him, c cnh bo ngoi v thng, cc nguyn liu xung khc s tch ring v ct gi ringi vi nguyn liu n mn: bo qun trong thng c bit, bo qun tt, c thit b bo v s n mn, xa cc cht xung khc

T chc ni lm vicT chc sp xp tt ni lm vic Ngi lao ng c thc t chc tt Ni lm vic sch s, ngn np, gn gng Thng xuyn tp hun cc vn : anh ton v sinh lao ng, phng chng chy n C k hoch phng chng ri ro bt ng

THUYN CHUYN LAO NGMt s khi nim v thuyn chuyn lao ngT ngh vic: ngi lao ng t ngh vic ti cng tyGin th (trong mt thi gian ngn): cng ty nh ch (hay cho ngh vic) mt s lao ng gim bt p lc do nn kinh t suy thoic php ngh chnh thc: kt thc cng vic do nguyn nhn chuyn mnNguyn nhn khc: do n tui hu tr, cht, hoc au m thng xuyn

Tc ng ca thuyn chuyn lao ng

Chi ph cao v gy tn tht thu nhpLng trung thnh v s tha mn ca khch hng b gim Nng sut thpMt ngi tiGin on hot ng sn xut kinh doanh Tn tht uy tnLm tng t l b vic ca s lao ng cn li

Chi ph thuyn chuyn lao ng Chi ph cho ngi lao ng ri b cng tyChi ph tuyn dngChi ph o to Chi ph gim nng sutChi ph thu lao ng mi Chi ph tn tht doanh thu

Chi ph cho ngi lao ng ri b cng tyChi ph ngi lao ng thay thChi ph tn tht nng sutChi ph thi gian phng vn tuyn dngChi ph o to cho s ngi ngh vicChi ph tn tht v s hiu bit, k nng khi ngi b vic mang theo khi ra iChi ph tn tht khch hng do ngi b cng ty mang h theoChi ph cho thi gian cha c ngi thay th

Chi ph tuyn dngChi ph qung co tuyn dngChi ph thi gian tuyn chn ni bChi ph thi gian thc hin phng vnChi ph thi gian tm hiu v cc ng vin

Chi ph o toChi ph cho thi gian hc vic ca ngi lao ng miChi ph o toChi ph cho ngi ng lp o toCc chi ph hnh chnh khc phc v cho cng vic o toChi ph ca ngi qun l trc tip phi nh gi, gii thch v xem xt li cng vic

Chi ph gim nng sutThi gian u nng sut ca ngi lao ng mi khng caoChi ph gim nng sut ca ngi hng dn v ngi qun l trc tip do thi gian b mt phi hng dn ngi miChi ph ca sn phm b li do ngi mi lm trong qu trnh hc vic

Chi ph thu lao ng mi Chi ph thu lao ng mi (tt c cc chi ph c lin quan n lao ng mi)Chi ph thi gian ca nh qun tr khi phi sp xp li v ch dn cng vic cho ngi mi

Chi ph tn tht doanh thuTn tht doanh thu do ngi bn hng ngh vicTn tht doanh thu chung khi tnh trn tng s lc lng bn hng

Nguyn nhn thuyn chuyn lao ngTin lngTnh hnh kinh doanh ca cng tyVn ha cng tyTnh cht cng vico nh v cng tyDn s hcC nhn

Nguyn nhn ngh vic cn c th chia lm 3 loi c bn:Ngh vic t nguynL do v qun l: b phn qun l sa thi mt s nhn vin do lm vic khng hiu qu, do b k lutNgh vic khng t nguyn: do d tha lao ng, suy thoi kinh t hay ti cu trc cng ty

NH GI RI RO NGUN NHN LC CA MT T CHCTn tht do mt ngi ch chtNhng nhn vin c tay ngh cao, nghip v chuyn mn gii, kin thc hay mi kinh doanh rng l ngun lc rt quan trng ca t chc. Nu cc nhn vin ny cht, mt kh nng lm vic hay ngh vic gy tn tht ln cho cng ty

Tn tht do mt i nhng khon tn dngNhiu t chc thc hin m rng tn dng cho khch hng ca mnh. Tnh trng t vong, bnh tt ko di ca khch hng c th hoc lm gim kh nng thanh ton cc mn n, hoc to ra cc mi quan h khng tt vi cng chng nu s dng cc p lc i n

Tn tht do hot ng sn xut kinh doanh b gin onNgi lao ng b tai nn hay ngh vic s nh hng mt phn n hot ng sn xut kinh doanh ca doanh nghip. c bit khi ngi ny ng vai tr ch cht th c th gy hu qu nghim trng cho doanh nghip

THO LUN

Anh (ch) hy nu mt s bin php gi chn ngi ti trong doanh nghip

CHUC ANH/CH THANH CONG

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