“REVOLUTION AND REFORM

IN FRANCE”

1815 TO 1873

Chapter 15 Section 3

I.) BACKGROUNDA. Congress of Vienna restores Louis XVIII to throne in France

1. accepted constitution which limits his power2. kept reforms made by previous revolution (1789-1815)3. dies in 1824

B. Charles X becomes king of France (brother)

1. believes in absolute monarchy2. get rid of liberal reforms3. raises taxes to repay noblesOutcome: Revolution of 1830 forces Charles

gives up throne

II.) REVOLUTION LEADS TO CHANGES

A. Louis Philippe is chosen to be king of France after revolution1. calls himself “Citizen King”………..2. but represents landowners w/policy

B. Bonapartists were those in France who opposed Louis Philippe & wanted to revive Napoleon’s empire

C. Revolution of 1848 erupts after freedom of speech is restricted (food shortages & unemployment high also)

1. riots take place & troops sent in

2. Louis Philippe abdicates the throne (flees to England)

3. Second French Republic established

D. Second French Republic:1. republican form of govt.2. president (one term limit) 3. legislature (all males can vote)4. “national workshops” created

E. Louis-Napoleon (nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte) chosen by voters as president

III.) LOUIS-NAPOLEON’S RULE

A. Goal: Amend constitution so he can serve more than 1 term1. National Assembly vote no

Result: coup d'état

2. New vote approves new constitution (10 years)

B. 1852: declared “emperor”1. citizens loose basic rights2. authoritarian rule3. domestic affairs stable

IV.) FOREIGN CONFLICTS

A. Crimean War1. Why? Land disputes in Palestine between Russia,

Ottoman Empire, and France2. Who & When? Alliance between France, Britain,

Ottoman Empire declares war on Russia in 18543. What? Russia defeated & France gains military glory

B. Overseas Empires Created1. France gains control of:

C. Franco-Prussian War1. Prussia trying to unite all 39 German States

2. France was against the union3. Prussia lead by Otto von Bismarck “egg on”

Louis-Napoleon to declare war in 1870

4. Prussia invades France, 5. Paris falls in 1871 and war ends Outcome: Treaty of Frankfurt: forces France to

give up territory & pay reparations to

Prussia

V.) THE THIRD REPUBLICA. Third Republic

1. Constitution of 1875 officially makes France a “Republic”

2. President (7yr term) and two house legislature

3. Two parties: Conservatives and Republicans

B. Reforms in the late 1800’s1. legalized trade unions2. free education (13 & under)3. coalitions form in govt.