Raj Board Class 12 Book - Rajasthani Adhyayan

7/25/2019 Raj Board Class 12 Book - Rajasthani Adhyayan

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jktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;uHkkx&4Hkkx&4Hkkx&4Hkkx&4Hkkx&4

d{kk&12d{kk&12d{kk&12d{kk&12d{kk&12

20122012201220122012

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj

jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esa fu%'kqYd forj.k gsrq

izks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjvkfFkZd iz'kklu ,oafokh; izcU/k foHkkx

jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;

t;iqj

la;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyls-fu- la;qDr funs'kd]dkWyst f'k{kk] jktLFkku]

bZ&2@211] fp=dwV] t;iqj

MkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukls-fu- la;qDr funs'kd]dkWyst f'k{kk] jktLFkku]

ch&1] ,e-ch-,l- uxj dksVk taD'ku] dksVk

MkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjfoHkkxk/;{k] bfrgkl foHkkx]

jkt- yk-o-'kk- Lukrdkskj egkfo|ky;]dksViwryh] t;iqj

MkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjfoHkkxk/;{k] bfrgkl foHkkx]

tsch-'kkg Lukrdkskj egkfo|ky;]>qa>quw

ys[kdx.kys[kdx.kys[kdx.kys[kdx.kys[kdx.k

AglaSem School
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jktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;ujktLFkku v/;;uHkkx&4Hkkx&4Hkkx&4Hkkx&4Hkkx&4

d{kk&12d{kk&12d{kk&12d{kk&12d{kk&12

20122012201220122012

ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesjek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ] jktLFkku] vtesj

izks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjizks- ,u- Mh- ekFkqjvkfFkZd iz'kklu ,oafokh; izcU/k foHkkx

jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;

t;iqj

la;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdla;k std ,oa ys[kdMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyMkW- nqxkZizlkn vxzokyls-fu- la;qDr funs'kd]dkWyst f'k{kk] jktLFkku]

bZ&2@211] fp=dwV] t;iqj

MkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukMkW- gfjeksgu lDlsukls-fu- la;qDr funs'kd]dkWyst f'k{kk] jktLFkku]

ch&1] ,e-ch-,l- uxj dksVk taD'ku] dksVk

MkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjMkW- ih-Mh- xqtZjfoHkkxk/;{k] bfrgkl foHkkx]

jkt- yk-o-'kk- Lukrdkskj egkfo|ky;]dksViwryh] t;iqj

MkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjMkW- dqekjh deys'k ekFkqjfoHkkxk/;{k] bfrgkl foHkkx]

tsch-'kkg Lukrdkskj egkfo|ky;]>qa>quw

ys[kdx.kys[kdx.kys[kdx.kys[kdx.kys[kdx.k

AglaSem School
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fl

la Ldj.klaLdj.kla Ldj.klaLdj.klaLdj.k %%%%% 20122012201220122012

izfr;kaizfr;kaizfr;kaizfr;kaizfr;ka %%%%%

jktLFkku ljdkj }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ks a esajktLFkku ljdkj }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esajktLFkku ljdkj }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ks a esajktLFkku ljdkj }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esajktLFkku ljdkj }kjk jktdh; fo|ky;ksa esafu%'kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%'kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%'kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%'kqYd forj.k gsrqfu%'kqYd forj.k gsrq

cksMZ}kjk miyC/k djk, x;s58 th-,l-,e- heokWo isij IS:18481848184818481848/20072007200720072007 ,oa130 th-,l-,e-doj isij IS:69566956695669566956/19731973197319731973 iz;qDrA

eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %

U U U S U U -U U

U/U U fl

fl flfl U fl U U

fl U UU/U UU -, fl S U

L/L Q CU

flUU L/L

fl fl DU U

U/U U U fl U

fl U h U U

AglaSem School
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cksMZ }kjk miyC/k djk, x;s58 th-,l-,e- heokWo isij IS:18481848184818481848/20072007200720072007 ,oa130 th-,l-,e-doj isij IS:69566956695669566956/19731973197319731973 iz;qDrA

eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %eqnzd %

U U U S U U -U U

U/U U fl

fl flfl U fl U U

fl U UU/U UU -, fl S U

L/L Q CU

flUU L/L

fl fl DU U

U/U U U fl U

fl U h U U

fl la Ldj.klaLdj.kla Ldj.klaLdj.klaLdj. k %%%%% 20122012201220122012

izfr;kaizfr;kaizfr;kaizfr;kaizfr;ka %%%%%

ewY; vadksa esaewY; vadksa esaewY; vadksa esaewY; vadksa esaewY; vadksa esa %%%%% :i;s:i;s:i;s:i;s:i;s

'kCnksa esa'kCnksa esa'kCnksa esa'kCnksa esa'kCnksa esa %%%%%

AglaSem School
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izkDdFkuizkDdFkuizkDdFkuizkDdFkuizkDdFku

ek/;fed fk{kk cksMZus,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- }kjk rS;kj djokbZxbZ iqLrdksadsek/;e lsviusikB~;e lapkfyr djusdk iz;kl fd;k gSA ,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dh iqLrdksadh xq.korkvlafnX/k gS vr% fu'p; gh Hkfo"; esaek/;fed fk{kk cksMZ dk ;g fu.kZ; jkT; dsfo|kfFkZ;ksads'kSf{kd Lrj dk mUu;u djusokyk fl) gksxkA cksMZus,d dne vkSj vkxsc


6/154

fofofofofo"k"k"k"k"k; lwph ; lwph ; lwph ; lwph ; lwph

1-1 -1-1 -1- jktLFkku ds Hkk Sxk sfyd izn s'kjktLFkku ds Hkk Sxk sfyd izns'kjktLFkku ds Hkk Sxk sfyd izn s'kjktLFkku ds Hkk Sxk sfyd izns'kjktLFkku ds Hkk Sxk sfyd izns'k 1 & 211 & 211 & 211 & 211 & 21

2-2 -2-2 -2- jktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu iz'kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu iz' kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu iz'kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu iz' kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu iz' kklfud O;oLFkk 22 & 3122 & 3122 & 3122 & 3122 & 31

3-3 -3-3 -3- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa jktLFkku dh HkwfedkHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa jktLFkku dh HkwfedkHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa jktLFkku dh HkwfedkHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa jktLFkku dh HkwfedkHkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa jktLFkku dh Hkwfedk 32 & 5232 & 5232 & 5232 & 5232 & 52

4-4 -4-4 -4- vk/kqfud jktLFkku esa lkekftd fodklvk/kqfud jktLFkku esa lkekftd fodklvk/kqfud jktLFkku esa lkekftd fodklvk/kqfud jktLFkku esa lkekftd fodklvk/kqfud jktLFkku esa lkekftd fodkl 53 & 6353 & 6353 & 6353 & 6353 & 63

5-5 -5-5 -5- jktLFkku esa uxjh; Lo'kklujktLFkku esa uxjh; Lo'kklujktLFkku esa uxjh; Lo'kklujktLFkku esa uxjh; Lo'kklujktLFkku es a uxjh; Lo'kklu 64 & 7964 & 7964 & 7964 & 7964 & 79

6-6 -6-6 -6- jktLFkku esa i;kZoj.kh; pqukSfr;kajktLFkku esa i;k Zoj.kh; pqukSfr;k ajktLFkku esa i;kZoj.kh; pqukSfr;kajktLFkku esa i;k Zoj.kh; pqukSfr;k ajktLFkku esa i;k Zoj.kh; pqukSfr;k a 80 & 9880 & 9880 & 9880 & 9880 & 98

7-7 -7-7 -7- lwpuk dk vf/kdkj % fopkj vkSj O;ogkjlwpuk dk vf/kdkj % fopkj vkSj O;ogkjlwpuk dk vf/kdkj % fopkj vkSj O;ogkjlwpuk dk vf/kdkj % fopkj vkSj O;ogkjlwpuk dk vf/kdkj % fopkj vkSj O;ogkj 99 & 10999 & 10999 & 10999 & 10999 & 109

8-8 -8-8 -8- lk aLd`frd jktLFkkulk aLd`frd jktLFkkulk aLd`frd jktLFkkulk aLd`frd jktLFkkulk aLd`frd jktLFkku 110 & 132110 & 132110 & 132110 & 132110 & 132

9-9 -9-9 -9- lkfg fR;d jktLFk kulk fgfR;d jktLFk kulkfg fR;d jktLFk kulk fgfR;d jktLFk kulk fg fR;d jktLFk ku 133 & 148133 & 148133 & 148133 & 148133 & 148

AglaSem School
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v/;k; & 1jktLFkku dsHkkxkfyd izns k

HkkSxksfyd ns'k lsrkRi;Z mu fof'k"V {ks=ksa lsgSa ftudk fu/kkZj.k HkkSxksfyd rRoksa ds

vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA ;sos ns'k gksrsgSa] ftuesa mPpkop] tyok;q] kfrd ouLifr]

e`nk esa i;kZIr ,d:irk n`f"Vxr gksrh gSA bl dkj dh lekurk ;k ,d:irk dsdkj.k

;gk dsvkfFkZd ,oalkekftd Lo:i esa Hkh lkekU;r;k lekurk ns[kh tkrh gSA ;|fi R;sd

{ks= viuslehiLFk Hkkx ls fHkUu gksrk gS] fdUrq muesa ,d vkUrfjd ,d:irk vUrfuZfgr

gksrh gSA ;gh ,d:irk ns'kksa dh igpku gksrh gSA R;sd ns'k dh HkkSxksfyd fof'k"Vrk;saml ns'k dsvkfFkZd ,oalkekftd Lo:i dksu dsoy Hkkfor vfirq fu/kkZfjr djrh gSA ;s

ns'k ek= lS)kfUrd u gksdj {ks=h; fodkl dk vk/kkj Lrqr djrsgS rFkk {ks=h; fu;kstu

dk ekxZ'kLr djrsgSaaA

jktLFkku ,d ,slk jkT; gS tgk vR;f/kd HkkSxksfyd fofo/krk;sa] ;gk ds u dsoy

fodkl dksHkkfor djrh gS] vfirq lfn;ksa ls;gk dstu&thou esa fofo/krk dslkFk ,drk

dk lw=ikr djrh jgh gSA jktLFkku ds e/; esa vjkoyh ioZr Jsf.k;ksadk foLrkj gS] rks

if'pe esafo'kky e:ns'k gSA iwohZ jktLFkku dk eSnkuh {ks= vkSj nf{k.k&iwoZ dk iBkjh {ks=

viuh fof'k"V igpku j[krk gSA vr% bu ns'kksa dk v/;;u ;gk ds kfrd] vkfFkZd ,oa

lkekftd Lo:i dksle>usds fy;s vko';d gS] D;ksafd blh dsek/;e lsge ;gk dh

le`) laLfr dksle> ldrsgS rFkk fodkl dh ;kstukvksa dksubZ fn'kk nsldrsgSaA

jktLFkku ds HkkSxksfyd ns'kksa dk fu/kkZj.k loZFke ks- oh-lh-feJk us^jktLFkku dk

Hkwxksy* iqLrd esa fd;k ftldk dk'ku ^us'kuy cqd VLV* }kjk 1968 esa fd;k x;kA mUgksaus

jktLFkku dkslkr HkkSxksfyd ns'kksa esa foHkDr fd;k] tksfuEu rkfydk esa iznf'kZr gS&

rkfydk 1-1 k-oh-lh-feJk }kjk Lrkfor Hkkxkfyd ns'k-la- Hkkxkfyd n'k fo'k krk fty1 if'peh 'kq"d ns'k 'kq"d jsfxLrkuh eSnku]

okf"kZd o"kkZ 15 ls25 ls-eh-

tSlsyesj] ckM+esj] n-iw- chdkusj]

if'peh tkS/kiqj] n-i-pw: rFkk

if'peh ukxkSj

2 v)Z&'kq"d ns'k vjkoyh ds if'pe dk

'kq"d ns'k] okf"kZd o"kkZ 25

tkykSj] ikyh] ukxkSj] >qa>quw] m-iw -

pw: o n-iw - tkS/kiqj

AglaSem School
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8/154

2

ls50 lseh-

3 ugjh {ks= flafpr jsfxLrkuh eSnku]

okf"kZd o"kkZ 15 ls25 ls-eh-

xaxkuxj] if'peh chdkusj vkSj

mkjh tSlsyesj

4 vjkoyh ns'k vjkoyh dh igkfM+;k]

okf"kZd o"kkZ 30 ls60 lseh-

mn;iqj] n-iw- ikyh o if'peh

Mwxjiqj

5 iwohZ f"k &

vkS|ksfxd ns'k

eSnkuh o iBkjh v)Z 'kq"d

ns'k okf"kZd o"kkZ 50 lseh

lsvf/kd

t;iqj] vtesj] lokbZ ek/kksiqj]

HkhyokM+k] cwUnh] vyoj] Hkjriqj]

/kkSyiqj vkSj dksVk 'kgj

6- nf{k.kh&iwohZ f"kZns'k

foU/;u o ykok iBkj]of"kZd o"kkZ 50 lseh ls

vf/kd

iwohZ Mwxjiqj] cklokM+k] fpkkSM+xkykokM+

7 pEcy chgM+ns'k pEcy ds chgM+] okf"kZd

o"kkZ50 ls-eh- ls vf/kd

lokbZ ek/kksiqj vkSj tks/kiqj

blh dkj ks-jke ykspu flag us1971 esa Hkkjr dk kns'khdj.k djrsgq, jktLFkku

dksnksogr ns'kksa ;Fkk jktLFkku vkSj jktLFkku iBkj esa foHk dj budspkj mi&ns'k

vkSj 12 y?kq ns'kksaesa foHkDr dj mudk fooj.k Lrqr fd;kA ,d vU; foHkktu ks- frokjh

vkSj lDlsuk us ^jktLFkku dk izknsfkd Hkwxksy* iqLrd esa 1994 esa Lrqr fd;kA blesa

jktLFkku ds/kjkry] tyok;q] unh&csflu vkfn dksvk/kkj cukdj mUgsa 'kklfud lhekvksa

dslkFk lefUor dj jktLFkku dseq[k] xkS.k] r`rh;d ,oalw{e ns'kksa dk fu/kkZj.k fd;kA

mi;qZDr knsf'kdj.k dh tfVyrkvksa esa u tkdj ge ;gk jktLFkku ds lkekU;HkkSxksfyd ns'kksa dk fooj.k Lrqr dj jgs gSa tks jkT; ds HkkSxksfyd] vkfFkZd ,oatulka[;dh; Lo:i dks rks Li"V djrs gh gSa lkFk esa fodkl dh vk/kkjfkyk Hkh gSaA

lkekU;r;k jktLFkku dkspkj HkkSxksfyd ns'kksa esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gS tks fuEufyf[kr gS&ekufp= 1-1

1- e:LFkyh; ns'k2- vjkoyh iorh; ns'k3- enkuh ns'k4- nf{k.kh&ioh iBkjh n'k gkM+krh ns'k

AglaSem School
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3

ekufp= 1-1 jktLFkku dsHkkxks fyd inske:LFkyh; n'k

jktLFkku dsif'pe esa foLr`r ,oafo'kky e:LFky u dsoy jkT; dk vfirq lEiw.kZ

Hkkjr dk ,d fof'k"V HkkSxksfyd ns'k gS ftlsHkkjr dk fo'kky e:LFky] vFkok ^Fkkj dke:LFky*dsuke lstkuk tkrk gSA bl ns'k dk foLrkj jkT; esa 250mkjh ls300mkjhv{kka'k vkSj 690300 iwohZ ls700450 iwohZ ns'kkUrj ds e/; gSA vjkoyh ioZr ka[kyk dsif'pe

esa ;g ns'k 300 fe-eh- lsde o"kkZ okys {ks= ij QSyk ckywdk fo'kky {ks= gSA bldsvUrxZr jkT; ds ckM+esj] tks/kiqj] tSlyesj] chdkusj] xaxkuxj] guqekuxqU>quwa] lhdj ftys v)Z e:LFkyh; gSA kfrd ,oa

ekuoh; fofo/krkvksa dsdkj.k bl ns'k dksek% e:LFkyh] ugjh e:LFky] ckxM+ iznsk

vkfn esa foHkDr fd;k tkrk gSA

e:LFky dk mnHkojktLFkku dse:LFky dh mRifk dsfo"k; esa HkwxHkZoskkvksa ds erksesafHkUurk gSA dqN

fo}ku ;g Lohdkj djrsgsa fd tgk vkt e:LFky gS ogk iwoZ esa mitk ou vkPNkfnrvknzZ ns'k Fkk tksdkykUrj esa HkwxkfHkZd ifjorZuksa ls'kq"d e: Hkwfe esa ifjofrZr gksx;kA

HkwxfHkZd ek.k Li"V n'kkZrsgSa fd ieksZ&dkcksZfuQsjl dky esa if'peh jktLFkku ij

foLr`r leqnz FkkA T;wjsfld] fVsf'k;l vkSj b;kslhu HkwxkfHkZd ;qxksa esa ;g {ks= leqnzdsuhps

Fkk vkSj /khjs&/khjs;gk lsleqnz f[kldusyxk] rRi'pkr~ IyhLVkslhu dky esa ;gk euq";ksa dk

knqHkkZo gqvk] tkse'k% foLr`r gksrk x;k vkSj ekuoh; f;k&dykiksa usblse:LFkyh; {ks=

cukusesa egkh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA QyLo:i bZlk iwoZ 4000 ls1000 o"kZ dse/; bl {ks= esaiw.kZ

AglaSem School
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e:LFkyh; n'kkvksa dk fodkl gksx;kA ;gk fo|eku [kkjs ikuh dh >hyksa dksleqnzksa dk

vo'ks"k ekuk tkrk gSA

lj flfjy QkDldsvuqlkj] e:LFky dk nf{k.kh&if'peh ,oafla/k dk fupyh ?kkVhokyk Hkkx vij Vf'kZ;jh ;qx rd leqnzdsuhpsjgkA ;g rF; ;gk tk;stkusokyh pkuksa

esa kIr leqnzh thok'e lsLi"V gksrk gSA

cys.MQkMZ us Hkh blh dkj ds fopkj Lrqr fd;s gSaA muds vuqlkj leqnz dsfujUrj ihNsgVusdsifj.kkeLo:i fldqM+u&f;k lsmfRFkr leqnz ryh use:LFkyh; {ks=

dkstUe fn;k] ftldk ek.k bl {ks= dh yo.kh; >hysa gSarFkk dPN dk nynyh Hkkx Hkh

mlh dk vo'ks"k gSA,d vU; fopkj dsvuqlkj fujUrj gokvkas dslkFk gksusokyk ckywokg Hkh bldk

dkj.k ekuk tkrk gSA okLro esa Fkkj dk e:LFky ckywdk fo'kky {ks= gSA ;gk ckyw dk

mn~xe ,oafoLrkj dsfuEu dkj.k gS&

1 pkuksa ds fujUrj vi{kj.k ds QyLo:i ckyw dk mn~Hko gqvk] ;g f;k

gtkjksa o"kksZalsvuojr :i lspy jgh gS vkSj vkt Hkh tkjh gSA

2 ok;q }kjk mM+kdj ykuk vFkkZr~ ok;w


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vkSj fujUrj ;g f;k pyuslsfeh jsr esa cny tkrh gSA i'kqpkj.k 'kq"d ns'kksa dk eq[k

m|e jgk gS vkSj vkt Hkh gS vkSj ;g e:LFkyhdj.k dk ,d dkj.k gSA

kfrd Lo:ie:LFkyh; ns'k jkT; dk gh ughavfirq Hkkjr dk ,d fof'k"V kfrd ns'k gS]

tks;gk dsmPpkoph; Lo:i] tyok;q] izkd`frd ouLifr] e`nk vkfn dh fo'ks"krkvksa lsLi"V

ifjyf{kr gksrh gSA

/kjkry vFkok mPpkop dh n`f"V ;g ns'k ,d fo'kky jsr dk lkxj gS tgk nwj&nwj

rd ckyqdk&Lrwi ,oa jsr dk lkxj ygjkrk jgrk gS] ;|fi dgha&dgha pkuh {ks= Hkh

n`f"Vxr gksrsgSaA vr% bl e:LFky dksjsrhyk e:LFky ,oaiFkjhyk e:LFky nksHkkxksaesafoHkDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA jsrhyse:LFky dk foLrkj lEiw.kZ {ks= dsyxHkx 85 fr'kr

{ks= ij gSA bl ns'k dh fof'k"V Hkw&vkfr ckyqdk&LrwiSand-dunes gSatks fofo/k :iksa

esa foLr`r gSA ;gk ds ckyqdk Lrwiksa esa v)Z pUnzkdkj cj[kku] vuqLFk ,oa ns'kkUrjh;

ckyqdk&Lrwi gSA ;sckyqdk Lrwi vfr NksVsls 100 ls 200 ehVj dh pkSM+kbZ vkSj 10&20

ehVj lsvf/kdre 60 ehVj dh pkbZ rd ns[ksa tk ldrsgSaA ;sckyqdk Lrwi fLFkj u gksdj

LFkkukUrfjr gksrsjgrsgS rFkk budsLo:i esa Hkh ifjorZu vkrk jgrk gSA

blds foijhr iFkjhyk e:LFky tSlyesj] chdkusj dsmkjh Hkkx rFkk tks/kiqj dh

QykSnh rglhy dsdqN Hkkxksa esa fLFkr gSA ;gk cyqvk vkSj pwusdsiRFkj ds'kSy gS] ftudk

mi;ksx LFkkuh; bekjrh iRFkj ds:i esa fd;k tkrk gSA

e:LFkyh; ns'k dsmkjh Hkkx vFkkZr~ guqekux


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esa 15 lseh] tks/kiqj esa 35 lseh- rFkk tSlyesj esa 10 lseh- jgrk gSA ;g o"kkZ tqykbZ&flrEcj

dse/; gksrh gSA 'khrdky esa if'peh pokrksa ls;gkdqN o"kkZ gkstkrh gS ftls ^ekoB^dgrsgSaA dHkh&dHkh e:LFkyh; ns'kksa esa if'peh pokrksa lsdqN o"kkZ gksrh gS ftlls;gk

rd fd ckkfM+;ksa

dsvfrfjDr ccwy] [kstM+h] dhdj] ukxQuh vkfn ikbZ tkrh gSA ;gk ikbZ tkusokyh ?kkl esa

lhou ,oarqjfMxe eq[k gSA e:LFky dsftu Hkkxksa esa ty miyC/k gksjgk gS] ogk jksfir

ouLifr lsi;kZoj.k ifjn`'; esa ifjorZu vk jgk gSA

enk& bl ns'k dh e`nk mitk gSfdUrq ;g rHkh lEHko gksrk gS tc mlsty miyC/kgksrk gSA ;gkok;w


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lkeatL; gSA ckM+esj] tSlyesj] tks/kiqj] ukxkSj] pw: Vksa dsfy, fl) gSA xk; ,oacSyksa

dh ;gk mke uLysa ikyh tkrh gSA ckM+esj esa dkdjst] tSlyesj esa Fkkjikjdj]chdkusj&xaxkuxj esa jkBh uLy dh xk;sa nw/k ds fy, fl) gSA chdkusj nqX/k m|ksx dk

eq[k dsUnzA cSyksa dsfy, ukxkSj lEiw.kZ ns'k esa fo[;kr gSA HksM+ikyu rFkk cdjh ikyu ;gk

vf/kdrk lsgksrk gS D;ksafd ;snksuksa tkuoj ?kfV;k ?kkl ,oafdlh Hkh dkj dh ouLifr ij

thfor jg ldrsgSaA HksM+ksa ls;gk u m|ksx fodflr gqvk gSA chdkusj bldk eq[k dsUnz

gSA tcfd cdfj;kekal dsfy, vf/kd ikyh tkrh gSA

[kfut lEink &bl ns'k esa vusd dkj ds[kfut miyC/k gSA ftIle dseq[k Hk.Mkjchdkusj dstk;lj] ywudjulj {ks=] ukxkSj] tks/kiqj] pq:] guqekux


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eq[k lM+d ekxksZa esa tks/kiqj&vgenkckn lM+d ekxZ] tks/kiqj & chdkusj] chdkusj &

xaxkuxj] tks/kiqj & ikyh & fljksgh] jrux


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gSA tSlyesj] tks/kiqj rFkk chdkusj ds i;ZVu LFky fonsf'k;ksa ds vkd"kZ.k ds dsUnz gSaA

fulUnsg bl ns'k dsfodkl dh i;kZIr lEHkkouk, gSaA

vjkoyh ns'kHkkSxksfyd n`f"V ls ^vjkoyh* jktLFkku dk fof'k"V ns'k gS ftlsioZrh; ns'k Hkh

dgk tk ldrk gSD;ksafd ;gk vjkoyh ioZr ka`[kyk,foLr`r gSA jkT; dse/; esa d.kZor~

nf{k.k&if'pe lsmkj&iwoZ dh vksj foLr`r vjkoyh ioZr Js.kh fo'o dh kphure ioZr

Jsf.k;ksa esals gSA vjkoyh dh igkfM;ksa usjktLFkku dkstgk ,d vksj kfrd fof'k"Vrk

nku dh gS] oghanwljh vksj ;gk dsvkfFkZd ,oalkaLfrd fodkl dksHkh Hkkfor fd;k gSA

bldsvUrxZr jktLFkku dsfljksgh] mn;iqj] jktleUn] vtesj] t;iqj] nkSlk] vyoj] ftyseq[;r;k lfEefyr gSA fdUrqbudh 'kk[kkvksa ,oa Hkko dksn`f"Vxr j[krsgq, blesa Mwxjiqj]

cklokM+k] fpkkSM+xqa>quw

ftysdh dqN rglhysa Hkh blesa lfEefyr dh tkrh gSaA ;g lEiw.kZ ns'k ek= ,d HkkSxksfyd

ns'k gh ughavfirq ,d ^;kstuk ns'k* gSA ftldsfodkl gsrq fof'k"V ;kl fd;stk jgsgSA

kfrd Lo:iHkw&vkfrdh dh n`f"V ls vjkoyh Jsf.k;k Hkkjr esa fof'k"V gSA vjkoyh Jsf.k;k

xqtjkr dseSnku lskjEHk gksdj nsgyh rd jktLFkku dse/; lsd.kZor nf{k.k&if'pe ls

mkj&iwoZ rd yxHkx 700 fd-eh- yEckbZ esa QSyh gqbZ gSA HkwxkfHkZd lajpuk dh n`f"V lsvjkoyh Jsf.k;k h&dsfEcz;u 'kSyksa ls lEcfU/kr gSa ftUgsa nsgyh e vkSj vjkoyh e ds

vUrxZr of.kZr fd;k tkrk gSA vjkoyh Jsf.k;ksa dksrhu eq[k mi&ns'kksa esa foHk fd;k

tkrk gS&

v nf{k.kh vjkoyh ns'kc e/; vjkoyh ns'kl mkjh vjkoyh ns'k

v nf{k.kh vjkoyhnf{k.kh vjkoyh {ks= okLro esa eq[; vjkoyh gSA bl Hkkx esa ioZr Jsf.k;ksadk foLrkj

100 fdeh- pkSM+kbZ rd gksx;k gS rFkk vkSlr pkbZ1000 ehVj gSA bl {ks= esa 8 ls10

Jsf.k;ksa dk lekukUrj foLrkj gSA nf{k.kh vjkoyh {ks= pkbZ esa de gksrs tkrsgSarFkk os

Mwxjiqj] cklokM+k vkSj iwohZbZMj dh igkfM+;ksa esa cny tkrsgSaA ekm.V vkcwds{ks= esa ioZr

Jsf.k;k l?ku gSa] ;gha ij vjkoyh dk loksZPp f'k[kj x# f'k[kjgS ftldh pkbZ leqnz ryls 1722 ehVj gSA ;gk dh vU; Jsf.k;k lsj 1597ehVj] vpyx


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gS] ftldh pkbZ 1431ehVj gSA ;gk dh vU; Jsf.k;k dqEHkyxhygSA mn;iqj dsfudV Hkh fiNksyk] Qrg lkxj] t;leUn >hysgSaA bu Jsf.k;ksa esa xzsukbV dh

/kkurk ds lkFk&lkFk nsgyh vkSj vjkoyh DokVZtkbV Hkh /kkurk ls gSaA bl ns'k dk

viokg rU= lekukUrj vkSj nf{k.korhZgS tkscukl] lkcjerh] ikejh] ck[ky ufn;ksa }kjk

rFkk nf{k.k&iwoZ esa xkserh vkSj lkse ufn;k gSaA

c e/; vjkoyhe/; vjkoyh dk foLrkj mn;iqj] jktleUn vkSj vtesj ftyksa esa gSA bl {ks= esa

igkfM+;kas dh vkSlr pkbZ700 ehVj gS fdUrq ?kkfV;ksa 550 ehVj ph gSA ;sJsf.k;k yxHkx30 fdeh- pkSM+h vkSj 100 fdeh- rd foLr`r gSA vtesj ds fudV rkjkx


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jksfgM+k vkfn dso`{k ik;stkrsgSA orZeku esa fljksgh ftysdk vkcw ioZr {ks= i;kZIr l?ku

ouLifr ls;qDr gSA

enk& dh fofo/krk bl ns'k esa vR;f/kd gSA ;gk Hkwjh&jsrhyh dNkjh feh vyoj {ks= esagS] rkst;iqj&ekyiqjk {ks= esa dN~Nkkjh feh gSA yky&ihyh feh dk {ks= vtesj] if'peh

HkhyokM+k] if'peh mn;iqj vkSj fljksgh gS] tcfd Mwaxjiqj] ckalokM+k esa yky ykSeh e`nk dh

/kkurk gSA fefJr yky&dkyh e`nk cklokM+k] fpkkSM+x


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12

mn;iqj esa rFkk csjkbV~l vyoj esagSA lEiw.kZ vjkoyh esa Hkou fuekZ.k gsrq mke dkj dk

iRFkj feyrk gS fdUrq ;fn bldh vfu;fU=r [kqnkbZ gksrh jgh rksvusd igkfM+;ksa dk vfLrRogh [krjsesa iM+tk;sxkA bl ns'k esa miyC/k vU; [kfutksa esa QsYlikj] dkp ckywdk] phuh

feh] MksyksekbV] ;wjsfu;e] rkeM+k] pwusdk iRFkj] LysV vkfn gSaA dgk tk ldrk gS fd

vjkoyh ns'k [kfutksa dh n`f"V ls,d le`) ns'k gSA

m|ksxk dk fodkl bl ns'k esa i;kZIr gqvk gS D;ksafd ;gk vkS|ksfxd dPpk eky miyC/k gS]tkZ ty dslkFk&lkFk foi.ku gsrq cktkj Hkh jkT; essavkSj jkT; lsckgj gSA bl ns'k esa

vusd vkS|ksfxd {ks= gS ftuesa eq[k gS& vyoj] fHkokM+h] t;iqj] vtesj] HkhyokM+k ,oa

mn;iqjA blds vfrfjDr C;koj] edjkuk] Qqysjk] fd'kux


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lsok gSA t;iqj dk gokbZvk vUrjkZ"Vh; Lrj dk gSA ;gk lsnsgyh] tks/kiqj] mn;iqj] cEcbZ

dksfu;fer lsok gSA t;iqj rFkk mn;iqj fons'kh i;Zvdksa dsdsUnzgSA

tula[;kvjkoyh ns'k ;|fi ioZrh; gS fdUrq ioZrh; foLrkj lhfer pkSM+kbZ esa gksusdsdkj.k

blesa lEefyr vusd ftysa l?ku tula[;k dksJ; nsusgSaA bl ns'k esa lokZf/kd tula[;k

2011 esa t;iqj ftysdh jgh] tks66-639yk[k vafdr dh xbZA bldsi'pkr~ vyoj ftysdh

36-719 yk[k] vtesj ftysdh 25-849 yk[k] rFkk HkhyokM+k ftysdh 24-104 yk[k jghA ml

ns'k esa lclsdc tula[;k okyk ftyk o"kZ 2011 dh tux.kuk dsvuqlkj izrkix


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bl ns'k dk Hkw&vkfrd Lo:i fofo/krk ls ;qDr gSA ns'k dk mkjh Hkkx esa

tyks


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enk & bl ns'k esa eq[;r;k tyks


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ifjogu dk fodkl iwohZ jktLFkku ds eSnkuh ns'k esa i;kZIr gqvk gSA bls ns'k dks^jktLFkku dk iwohZ }kj*Eaxtern Gateway of Rajasthan dgk tkrk gSA e/;dkyhu

;qx lsgh ;g ns'k ifjogu dh n`f"V lsegoiw.kZ jgk gSA bl ns'k esa lM+dksa dk l?ku

tky gSA ;gk lsjk"Vh; jktekxZ 11 ,oa2 xqtjrsgSA t;iqj&dksVk ekxZ ,d eq[k ekxZgS

tksfuokbZ] Vksad] nsoyh ls tkrk gSA Vksad & lokbZek/kksiqj] ekyiqjk & VksMkjk;flag] ekyiqjk

& nwnw] /kkSyiqj & Hkjriqj] Hkjriqj & Mhx] Mhx lsuxj] uxj lslseyh] lokbZ ek/kksiqj &

nkSlk] e.Mkjoj & djkSyh] xaxkiqj & ykylksV vkfn vU; eq[k lM+d ekxZ gSA

jsyekxks dh lqfo/kk lokbZek/kksiqj esa i;kZIr gSA lokbZ ek/kksiqj ,d cM+k jsy taD'ku gS tkst;iqj] dksVk] fnYyh] eFkqjk] vkxjk lstqM+k gSA t;iqj&eEcbZ vkSj fnYyh&cEcbZekxZ jsyekxZ;ghals tkrk gSA Hkjriqj&/kkSyiqj {ks= esa Mwifj;k lsjkuhdq.M] c;kuk ls:iokl] uncbZ ls

Hkjriqj] Hkjriqj ls fpdlkuk rFkk efu;k ls tktu vU; jsyekxZ gSA /kkSyiqj lsokUriqjk

jkT; dh ,d ek= uSjksxst jsy ykbu gSA Vksad ,d ,slk ftyk eq[;ky; gS tgkjsy ekxZ dh

lqfo/kk ughagSA ;gk pkukuh] fuokbZ] fljl] t;iqj&lokbZ ek/kksiqj jsy ekxZ ds LVs'ku gSA

t;iqj&VksMkjk;flag ekxZ ij ekyiqjk] VksMkjk;flag eq[k LVs'ku gSaijUrq bl jsy&ekxZ dks

vc gVk fn;k x;k gSA

tula[;kiwohZeSnkuh ns'k jkT; dk ,d l?ku tula[;k okyk ns'k gSA o"kZ 2011 esa ;gk

lokZf/kd tula[;k Hkjriqj ftysdh 25-49 yk[k vafdr dh xbZA blh ftysesa 503 O;fDr

fr oxZ fdyksehVj dk ?kuRo ;gk ds l?ku clko dk Li"V djrk gSA Vksad ftys dh

tula[;k 14-21 yk[k rFkk tula[;k ?kuRo 198 O;fDr froxZ fdeh- gSA tcfd lokbZ

ek/kksiqj dh tula[;k 13-38 yk[k ,oa tula[;k ?kuRo 297 O;fDr gSA djkSyh ftys dh

tula[;k 14-58 yk[k vafdr dh xbZ tcfd /kkSyiqj dh tula[;k 12-07 yk[k rFkk

tula[;k ?kuRo 398 O;fDr froxZ fdeh- vafdr fd;k x;kA bl ns'k dk lclscM+k uxj

Hkjriqj gSA iwohZ eSnku dsvU; uxj Vksad] lokbZ ek/kksiqj] /kkSyiqj] djkSyh] xaxkiqj flVh]dkek] uxj] Mhx] uncbZ] dqEgsj] Hkqlkoj] oSj] c;kuk] ckM+h] jktk[ksMk] nsoyh] fuokbZ] mfu;kjk]

fg.Mksu] VksMkHkhe vkSj egqvk gaSA

mi;qZDr fooj.k lsLi"V gSfd iwohZ eSnkuh ns'k jkT; dk HkkSxksfyd nf"V lsfof'k"V

ns'k gSA f"k ij vk/kkfjr ;gk dh vFkZO;oLFkk gSA [kfut lhfer gksus ls] m|ksxkaas dk

fodkl Hkh cgqr de gqvk gSA ifjogu dh mke lqfo/kk gSA Hkjriqj dk ^?kuk i{kh fogkj* vkSj

lokbZ ek/kksiqj dk jk"Vh; oU; tho m|ku rFkk j.kFkEHkkSj dk fdyk i;ZVdksa dsvkd"kZ.k ds

dsUnz gSA

AglaSem School
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nf{k.kh&ioh iBkjh n'k gkM+krh dk iBkjjktLFkku dk nf{k.kh&iwohZ {ks= ,d lqfuf'pr HkkSxksfyd bdkbZ gS ftls ^gkM+krh dk

iBkj*dsuke lstkuk tkrk gSA bldsvUrxZr pkj ftysdksVk] ckjka] cwUnh ,oa>kykokM+lfEefyr fd;stkrsgSA bl iznsk dk {ksf=; foLrkj 24]185 oxZ fd-eh- gS rFkk bldh iwohZ]

nf{k.kh ,oanf{k.kh&ifpeh lhek;sae/; iznsk lsfeyrh gSA

HkkSxksfyd ik:imPpkopdh n`fV ls;g iznsk ekyok dsiBkj dk mkjh Hkkx gSA ewy:i ls;gk

dk /kjkry iBkjh gS] blh dkj.k bldks^gkM+kSrh dk iBkj^ uke fn;k tkrk gSA bl iznsk esa

vR;f/kd /kjkryh; fofo/krk gS] ftudsdkj.k bls ikp /kjkryh; iznskksa esa foHkDr fd;k

tkrk gS] ;sgSa&(i) v)Z&pUnzkdkj ioZr Jsf.k;k](ii) unh fufeZr eSnku](iii)'kkgckn dk

mPp LFky](iv) >kykokM+dk iBkj vkSj (v) Mx&xax/kkj dsmPp {ks=A

bl iznsk esa v)Z&pUnzkdkj :i esa ioZr Jsf.k;ksa dk foLrkj gStksek% cwnh vkSj

eqdqUnokM+k dh igkfM+;ksa dsuke lstkuh tkrh gSA cwnh dh Js.kh ,d nksgjh ioZrekyk gS

ftldh yEckbZ yxHkx 90 fd-eh- gS rFkk pkbZ leqnzry ls 300 ls 350 ehVj gSA

eqdqUnokM+k Js.kh dk foLrkj yxHkx 120 fd-eh- dh yEckbZ esa gS rFkk bldh vkSlr pkbZ

335 ls503 ehVj gSA bl Js.kh dk loksZPp fk[kj panokM+h {ks= esa517 ehVj pk gSA bliBkjh Hkkx ij pEcy] dkyh flU/k] ikoZrh] est ,oamudh lgk;d ufn;ksa lsfufeZr mitk

eSnku gSA iBkj dsiwohZ Hkkx esa 'kkgckn dk mPp {ks= rFkk nf{k.kh&iwohZ Hkkx esa Mx&xax/kkj

dk mPp {ks= gSA tc fd eqdqUnokM+k Js.kh ds nf{k.k esa 300 ls 450 ehVj pkbZ dk

>kykokM+dk iBkjh iznsk gSA

HkwxfHkd cukoV dh n`f"V ls;gkdsmkjh {ks= esa vjkoyh e okyh flLV dh iz/kkurk gSrFkk DokVZtkbV dsvofk"V nsgyh e dsgSaA dksVk&ckajk ftyksa dk vf/kdkak Hkkx foU/;u

e dk gSA 'kkgckn ,oaNcM+k {ks= esa 'kSyksa dh cukoV nDdu dsiBkj dsleku gSA bliznsk esa vij foU/;u lS.MLVksu dh iz/kkurk gSA tcfd lEiw.kZ e/; iBkjh Hkkx ij tykskykokM+ftysdk vf/kdkak Hkkx nDdu dsiBkj dsrqY; gSrFkk tyks


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;gk U;wUre 4-20ls-xsz- rkieku vafdr fd;k x;k gSA e/; twu vFkok tqykbZ dsizFke lIrkg

esa ;gkekuwlu nLrd nsrk gSA gkM+kSrh dk iBkj jkT; esa vU; {ks=ksa dh rqyuk esa vPNh o"kkZizkIr djrk gSA ;gk dk okf"kZd o"kkZ dk vkSlr 95 ls -eh- gSA blesa >kykokM+,oacwnh dkmkjh&ifpeh Hkkx vf/kd o"kkZ izkIr djrk gS tcfd e/; {ks= esa60 ls80 ls-eh- rd o"kkZ

gksrh gSA vf/kdkak o"kkZ twu lsflrEcj ekg dse/; gksrh gSA 'khrdky easa dqN o"kkZ gksrh gS

ftls^ekoV^dgrsgS tksxsgw vkfn Qlyksa dsfy;svR;f/kd ykHkdkjh gksrh gSAikd`frd ouLifr ds:i esa ;gk m".k&kq"d ir>M+okysiu ik;stkrsgSaA blesa /kksadM+k ou]fefJr ou] [ksj dsou] ?kkl dseSnku vkSj >kfM+;k lfEefyr gSA ;gk dsouksa esa /kksdM+k]rsanw] [ksj] csy] xqtZu] fljl] [kstM+k] lykj] vkaoyk] cgsM+k] tkequ] f[kjuh] lseyh vkfn ds

o`{kksa dh iz/kkurk gSA gkM+kSrh dsdqN Hkkx tSlsnjk] 'kkgckn] m-i- cwnh vkfn l?ku ouksa lsvkPNkfnr gSa] fdUrq ouksa dh fujUrj dVkbZ lsvf/kdkak Hkkxksa esaou lekIr gksrstk jgsgSaA

?kkl dschM+Hkh ;gk gSavkSj loZ= daVhyh >kfM+;ksa dksns[kk tk ldrk gSA

enk gkM+kSrh iznsk dh e`nk esa fofo/krk gSA ,d vkSj dNkjh tykskykokM+] ckajk vkSj dksVk ftyksa dsvusd {ks=ksa esagSA yky feh

cwnh dh igkfM+;ksa] fg.Mksyh {ks= vkSj eqdqUnokM+k dh igkfM+;ksa ij gSA ioZrh; kykokM+vkSj cwnh dsdqN Hkkxksa esa rkck vkSj yksgk gksusdsizek.k gSa fdUrq O;kikfjdn`f"V ls;g mi;ksxh ughagSaA bl iznsk dk okLrfod [kfut bekjrh iRFkj gSA f?k;k iRFkj

AglaSem School
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cwnh] rkysM+k] lqdsr] >kyjkikVu] ykM+iqjk] [kkuiqj vkSj Hkokuhe.Mh {ks=ksa esa feyrk gSA LysV

dksVk ftysa esa i;kZIr gS rFkk bl ij ikfyk gksusij ;g fpduk vkSj pednkj gks tkrk gSA;g ^dksVk LVksu^ dsuke lstkuk tkrk gSA bldsizeq[k dsUnz jkexate.Mh] eksM+d] lqdsr]njk ,oadksVk gSA pwuk Hkh vusd {ks=ksa esa feyrk gS cwnh dk yk[ksjh {ks= pwuk mRiknu esa

egRo j[krk gSSA Xykl lS.M] MksyksekbV Hkh ;gk miyC/k gSA lM+dksa dsfuekZ.k esa mi;ksx esa

vkusokyk iRFkj fxh ;gk cgqrk;r lsgSA

m|ksx gkM+kSrh iznsk esa dqVhj m|ksxksa dk i;kZIr fodkl gqvk gS fdUrq o`gn~ m|ksxksa esa HkhorZeku esa ;g jkT; vxz.kh gSA tkZ ,oaty dh miyfC/k usbl iznsk dsvkS|ksfxd fodklesa egRoiw.kZHkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSSA dksVk dk vkS|ksfxd {ks= u dsoy gkM+kSrh vfirq jktLFkku esaegRoiw.kZ vkS|ksfxd {ks= gSA dksVk esa fodflr m|ksxksa esa ljdkjh {ks= dsbULVqesUku fyfeVsMdh LFkkiuk 1968 esa dh xbZA fonskh lg;ksx ls fodflr bl m|ksx esa lw{e ;U=] rki

fu;a=d la;U=] fo|qr pqEcdh; midj.k vkfn dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA vU; m|ksxksa esaJh jkejs;Ul] Jhjke QvhZykbtj] owy VkWIl] izhfe;j isij cksMZ fey dsvfrfjDr NksVh ekhusa] yksgs

ds rkj] IykfLVd] jlk;u] dikl] d`f"k ;a=] rsy fey] fo|qr ;a= vkfn m|ksxksa dk Hkh

fodkl gqvk gSA dksVk dsfudV xkykokM+gksrk gqvk

tcyiqj rd pyk tkrk gSA ,d vU; jk"Vh; jktekxZ 76 e/; iznsk ds fkoiqjh lsckjk]dksVk gksrsgq, tkrk gSA bldh ,d 'kk[kk fpkkSM+xkykokM+&vdysjk]

dksVk&ckjk&kkgckn ls e/; iznsk esa fkoiqjh&Xokfy;j rd] bUnjxkykokM+&Mx&xax/kkj] cwnh&fpkkSM+x


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nqzrxkeh jsy lsokvksa ls tqM+k gSA dksVk&fpkkSM+x


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4- ekm.V vkcwij fLFkr >hy dk uke D;k gSa\

v vkuk lkxj c uh

l fiNksyk n lhyh ls


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v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2v/;k; & 2

jktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu 'kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu 'kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu 'kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu 'kklfud O;oLFkkjktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu 'kklfud O;oLFkk

ifjHkk"kk %&ifjHkk"kk %&ifjHkk"kk %&ifjHkk"kk %&ifjHkk"kk %&,d O;ofLFkr jkT; dsfy;s'kklfud O;oLFkk vfuok;Zro gSA e/;dky esa jktLFkku dh

'kklfud O;oLFkk ls rkRi;Zeqxyksals lEidZdsckn lsysdj 1818 bZ- esa vaxzstksa dslkFk gqbZlfU/k;ksa dh dky vof/k dsv/;;u ls gSA bl dky vof/k esa jktLFkku 22 NksVh&cM+h fj;klrsaFkh]vkSj vtesj eqxy lwck Fkk] bu lHkh fj;klrksadk viuk 'kklfud rU= Fkk] ysfdu dqN ekSfydfo'ks"krk;s,d:irk fy;sgq, Hkh FkhA fj;klrseqxy lwcsdsvUrxZr gksusdsdkj.k eqxy Hkko Hkh FkkA

jktLFkku dh e/;dkyhu 'kklfud O;oLFkk dsewyr% rhu vk/kkj Fks& Fke lkekU; ,oalSfud 'kklu] nwljk U;k; 'kklu] rhljk & Hkw&jktLo 'kkluA lEiw.kZ'kklu ra= jktk vkSjlkeUr O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr FkkA jktLFkku dh lkeUr O;oLFkk jDr lEcU/k vkSj dqyh; Hkkouk ij

vk/kkfjr FkhA loZFke duZy tsEl VkWM us;gk dh lkeUr O;oLFkk dsfy;sbaxyS.M dh ;wMyO;oLFkk dsleku ekursgq, mYys[k fd;k gSA blsfo}kuksa usdsoy jktuhfrd 'kCnkoyh ds:i esaughafy;k oju~lEiw.kZvFkZesa lkeUr O;oLFkk dksle>uk vko';d le>k] bl nf"V lsvc jktLFkkugh ughaoju~ Hkkjr dslaLFkkxr bfrgkl ds v/;;u dk u;k {ks= [kqy x;kA jktLFkku dh lkeUrO;oLFkk ij O;kid 'kks/k dk;Zdsckn ;g Li"V gksx;k fd ;gk dh lkeUr O;oLFkk duZy VkWM+}kjkmYysf[kr if'pe dsQ;wM+y O;oLFkk ds leku Lokeh jktk vkSj lsod lkeUr ij vk/kkfjr ughaFkh jktLFkku dh lkeUr O;oLFkk jDr lEcU/k ,oadqyh; Hkkouk ij vk/kkfjr iz'kklfud vkSj lSfudO;oLFkk FkhA

jktLFkku esa lkeUr O;oLFkk dk ewy rRo Fkk 'kkld firk dh eR;q dsckn cM+k iq= jktk

curk] jktk viusNksVsHkkb;ksa dksthou ;kiu dsfy;sHkwfe vkaofVr djrk] HkkbZ&cU/kqdksiznk mDrHkwfe dk Lokeh lkeUr dgykrk FkkA e/;dky esa Hkw&Lokeh lkeUr dkslkeUr tkxhjnkj dgk tkusyxk] lkeUr tkxhj ij lkeUr dk tUetkr vf/kdkj ekuk tkrk Fkk] vFkkZr jktk lkeUr tkxhj dks[kkylk vFkkZr dsU dh Hkwfe esa iqu% lfEefyr ughadj ldrk FkkA lkeUr O;oLFkk dksbl izdkjifjHkkf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSfd & lkeUr O;oLFkk jDr lEcU/k ij vk/kkfjr dqyh; 'kklfud vkSjlSfud O;oLFkk Fkh] ftlesa jktk led{kksa esa eq[k gksrk FkkA jkT; dks ,d ifjokj vkSj jktk dksmldk eq[k ekursgq,] lkeUr ifjokj ds lnL; gksusdsukrs mldh lqj{kk vkSj lapkyu dkmkjnkf;Ro jktk vkSj lkeUr lkewfgd :i lsekursFksA jktk vkSj lkeUrksa ds e/; HkkbZpkjsdklEcU/k FkkA

lkeUr O;oLFkk dk kjEHk %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk kjEHk %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk kjEHk %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk kjEHk %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk kjEHk %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dc kjEHk gqbZ] bl lEcU/k esa vcrd dksbZfuf'pr er ughacu ik;k gSAkS- jk;pkS/kjh usbldk mn;dky N%Bh 'krkCnh ekuk gSa] kS- Mh-Mh- dkS'kkEch usxqIr dky dscknlkeUr O;oLFkk dk fodkl dky ekuk gS] ks- vkj-,l- 'kekZ us pkSFkh 'krkCnh esa lkeUr O;oLFkk dkkjEHk gksuslslEcfU/kr rdZnsrsgq, blsX;kgjohavkSj ckjgoha'krkCnh esa fodflr gqvk Lohdkj fd;kgS] :lh bfrgkldkj dksokyLoh usblseqfLye vke.k ds ckn fodflr O;oLFkk ekuk gSA vf/kdka'k

AglaSem School
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bfrgkldkjksa dh ekU;rk gSfd lkeUr O;oLFkk lEHkor% xqIrdky esa zkjEHk gqbZ] ysfdu jktLFkku esabldk fodflr ,oaLi"V Lo:i jktiwrksa dk 'kklu LFkkfir gksusdslkFk kjEHk gksx;k jktLFkkuHkw&Hkkx ij jktiwrksa dh fofHkUu 'kk[kkvksa& pkSgku] xqfgy&fllksfn;k] jkBkSM+] dNokg] HkkVh] gkM+kvkfn usviuk jkT; LFkkfir fd;k] tksmudh fj;klrsa dgykbZviuh fj;klrksa dh lqj{kk vkSj lkekU;'kklu O;oLFkk lapkyu gsrq'kkld usviusifjokjtuksa] dqyh; lEcfU/k;ksa rFkk fo'oLr lsukuk;dksavkSj v/khuLFkksa dkstkxhjsa nsdj viuk lkeUr cuk fy;k] dkykUrj esa ;g jDr lEcU/k dqyh; ijEijkcuxbZA lkFk gh dbZfj;klrksa esa ;g ijEijk Hkh pfyr gksxbZfd lkeUr dksjktk [kkylk {ks= tksfd jktk ds}kjk 'kkflr ,oafu;af=r {ks= Fkk] ml lhekUr {ks= dh Hkwfe vkaofVr dh tkrh Fkh] ftllsckgjh vke.k dsle; [kkylk {ks= dh lqj{kk dk mknkf;Ro fuHkk;sA jktk dslg;ksxh ;g dqyh;Hkw&Lokeh e/;dky esa ^lkeUr tkxhj* dgykusyxhA tkxhj Qkjlh 'kCn gS] ks- bjQku gchc ustkxhj'kCn dksbl dkj ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS& tkxhj nks'kCn t;$xhj dk l;qDr :i gS] ftldk 'kkfCndvFkZ gS jkT; }kjk iznk Hkwfe dk og Hkkx ftllsml Hkw&{ks= lsjktLo olwy djusdk oS/kkfud vf/kdkjh

gksrk FkkAlkeUr O;oLFkk dk Lo:i %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk Lo:i %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk Lo:i %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk Lo:i %&lkeUr O;oLFkk dk Lo:i %&

duZy tsEl VkWM usbaXyS.M dh Q~;wMoy O;oLFkk dsleku gh jktLFkku dh lkeUr O;oLFkkdksekursgq, blsHkh baXyS.M dsleku Q;wMoy O;oLFkk ekuk gS] ysfdu jktLFkku dh lkeUr O;oLFkkdk Lo:i if'peh O;oLFkk lsiw.kZr% fHkUu gSA if'pe esajktk vkSj lkeUr dse/; Lokeh vkSj lsoddk lEcU/k gksrk gSabldsfoijhr jktLFkku dsHkkbZ&cU/kq dk lEcU/k gksrk gSa] ;gk jktk led{kksa esaeq[k gksrk gSjktk jkT; dk loksZPp lkk dk dsU gksrk Fkk vkSj mldsckn lkeUrksadk lewg gksrk]tksfd dqyh; O;oLFkk lslaxfBr gksrk Fkk] jktk jkT; dk /kku Fkk rkslkeUr viuh tkxhj esa izeq[kFks] lkeUr jktuhfrd vkSj lkekftd ekeyksaesa lekurk dk nkok djrsFksA bldkj jktLFkku esaizpfyr jktk vkSj lkeUr 'kklu O;oLFkk dk kFkfed Lo:i inlksiku O;oLFkk ij vk/kkfjr ughaFkkcfYd ,d VsUV dsleku LrEHkksa ij vk/kkfjr O;oLFkk Fkh] ftlesa jktk e/; esa fLFkr eq[; LrEHk gksrkFkkA VsUV ds,d Hkh LrEHk dsdetksj gksusij O;oLFkk fcxM+tkrh gS mlh dkj lkeUr vkSj 'kklddslEcU/k ijLij fuHkZj FksA

lkeUr 'kklu Lo:i dh fo'ks"krk;sa %&lkeUr 'kklu Lo:i dh fo'ks"krk;sa %&lkeUr 'kklu Lo:i dh fo'ks"krk;sa %&lkeUr 'kklu Lo:i dh fo'ks"krk;sa %&lkeUr 'kklu Lo:i dh fo'ks"krk;sa %&jktk lstUetkr vf/kdkj ds:i esa kIr Hkwfe dslkFk gh lkeUr dsfo'ks"kkf/kdkj ,oamkjnkf;Ro

Hkh fu/kkZfjr gkstkrsFksA bl O;oLFkk dh fuEu fo'ks"krk;sFkh %&1 ;g jDr lEcU/k ij vk/kkfjr lxksf=; dqyh; O;oLFkk FkhA2 jktk egoiw .kZ 'kklfud inksa ij lkeUrksdksfu;qDr djrk FkkA3 fcuk lkeUrksalsijke'kZfd;s jktk dksbZHkh egoiw.kZ 'kklfud] lSfud ,oauhfrxr fu.kZ;

ughays ldrk FkkA4 jktk vkSj lkeUr ds lEcU/k Lokeh vkSj lsod dsughagksrsFks] bl rF; dkslEeku nsrsgq;s

;g vkpkj lfgark :ih ijEijk pfyr Fkh fd 'kkld lkeUr dksdkdkth ,oaHkkbZthlEcksf/kr djsa] blh dkj lkeUr Hkh jktk dksckith lEcksf/kr djrsFksA

5 lkeUr dk mRFkku vkSj iru jktk dslkFk gh gksrk FkkA bl nf"V lslkeUr fdlh vU; jkT;

AglaSem School
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ls;q) ,oalfU/k dk fu.kZ; ugha dj ldrk FkkA6 jkT; dh lqj{kk dsfy;slkeUr dks,d fuf'pr lsuk j[kuh gksrh Fkh ;g dk;Zdqyh; Hkkouk

dsvk/kkj ij gh dh tkrh Fkh osviuh iSrd lEifr dh j{kk djuk viuk mkjnkf;Ro le>rsFksA

7 jktk ds mkjkf/kdkjh ds fu.kZ; esa lkeUr fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrsFks] dbZckj 'kkld }kjkeuksuhr mkjkf/kdkjh dslkeUrksa dksLohdkj ughafd;k vkSj mlscny fn;kA ;gk t;s"B iq=dksmkjkf/kdkjh cukusdh ijEijk Fkh ysfdu ,slsmnkgj.k feyrsgSatc lkeUrksdkst;s"Biq= dh ;ksX;rk vkSj usrRo {kerk ij lansg gksrksos ;ksX; iq= ;k HkkbZdksflagklu ij cSBknsrsFksA

8 lEeku vkSj drZO; ij vk/kkfjr 'kklfud O;oLFkk Fkh jktk dks lkeUrksdsfo'ks"kkf/kdkjksadk lEeku djuk gksrk Fkk vkSj lkeUrksa dsjkT; vkSj 'kkld dsizfr fu/kkZfjr drZO;ksadkikyu djuk gksrk FkkA

9 e/;dky esa lkeUr O;oLFkk esaJs.kh O;oLFkk Hkh kjEHk gqbZA

e/;dky esa lkeUr O;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu %&e/;dky esa lkeUr O;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu %&e/;dky esa lkeUr O;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu %&e/;dky esa lkeUr O;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu %&e/;dky esa lkeUr O;oLFkk ,oa 'kklu %&jktLFkku dh lkeUr O;oLFkk ij e/;dky esa dqN ifjorZu fn[kkbZnsus yxrsgSaA 1562 esa

eqxy lezkV vdcj dk jktiwrksa ls lEcU/k ,oalfU/k;ksadk ;qx izkjEHk gksrk gS] mDr u;s lEidZ usjktLFkku dh fofHkUu fj;klrksadh 'kklfud O;oLFkk tks fd lkeUr O;oLFkk dsek/;e lsFkh ogizHkkfor gqbZA bldk ewy dkj.k Fkk fd eqxyksalslfU/k dsckn ;q) dh fLFkfr yxHkx lekIr gksxbZvr% vc 'kklu dh lSfud lg;ksx dsfy;slkeUrksaij fuHkZjrk de gks xbZ] bldsvfrfjDr eqxyksalslfU/k dsckn 'kkld eqxy eulcnkj cu x;svr% mUgseqxy laj{k.k izkIr FkkA

lg;k sxh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu %&lg;ksxh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu %&lg;k sxh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu %&lg;ksxh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu %&lg;k sxh dh fLFkfr esa ifjorZu %&mDr ifjofrZr fLFkfr dsdkj.k lkeUr iz'kklfud O;oLFkk ij ,d izeq[k izHkko ;g iM+k fd

lkeUr dh fLFkfr lg;ksxh dsLFkku ij lsod dh gksxbZA ;|fi lS)kfUrd :i ls'kkld led{kksaesa izeq[k gh Fkk] ysfdu O;kogkfjd :i esafLFkfr cny xbZ] vc jktk Lokeh dsleku O;ogkj djusyxkA vc rd lkeUr jktk dh eR;qdsckn mldsmRrjkf/kdkjh dsekeysesa fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk fuHkkrsFks] ysfdu vc fLFkfr cny xbZ] e/;dky esa esokM+jkT; dksNksM+dj vU; fj;klrstkseqxy eulcnkjFks] mu fj;klrksa dsmkjkf/kdkjh ekeyksaesa eqxy 'kkld #fp ysusyxs] fookfnr fLFkfr gksusij eqxy'kkld viusfoosd lsogkjktk cukrsFks,slsu;s'kkld dk lkeUr fojks/k ughadj ldrsFks] blizdkj tkslkeUr O;oLFkk ,d VsaV dk Li:i fy;sgq, Fkh] oghavc e/;dky esa eulcnkjh O;oLFkklsizHkkfor gksdj inlksiku O;oLFkk dsfudV igqp xbZ] ;|fi ewy Lo:i ;Fkkor~cuk jgkA

lsokvksa ds lkFk dj O;oLFkk%&lsokvks a ds lkFk dj O;oLFkk%&lsokvksa ds lkFk dj O;oLFkk%&lsokvks a ds lkFk dj O;oLFkk%&lsokvks a ds lkFk dj O;oLFkk%&ijEijkxr 'kklu O;oLFkk ds vuqlkj lkeUr ;q) ,oa'kkfUr ds le; jktk dks viuh

pkdjh vFkkZr~lsok;sansrk Fkk] ysfdu mlds lkFk dksbZ ^dj* lEcU/k ugha FkkA e/;dky e sa cM+kiz'kklfud ifjorZu gqvk] ubZO;oLFkk ds vuqlkj lsokvksa ds lkFk dj O;oLFkk fu/kkZfjr dj nh xbZAlkeUr 'kkld dksiV`k js[k vkSj Hkjrq js[k nsus yxk] ik js[k ls rkRi;Z Fkk jktk }kjk iznRr tkxhj

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Documents

Raj Board Class 12 Book - Rajasthani Adhyayan