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Respiration & Breathing
Respiration
What is respiration?
It is the release of energy from food
substances in living cells.
respirationSugar is oxidised to release energy, carbon
dioxide and water are formed.Equation: sugar + oxygen energy + carbon dioxide + water
(i) sugar comes from food(ii) oxygen comes from air(iii) carbon dioxide is excreted thru’ lungs(iv) energy is used for life processes or lost
as heat (keeps body warm).
Breathing system
To move air in and out of lungs for gaseous exchange.
Gaseous exchange
Diffusion of oxygen from lungs into blood.
Movement of carbon dioxide from blood into lungs.
Respiration- Wee SC
Breathing System - Nasal Passage
nasal cavity
voice box
windpipe
epiglottis
Path taken by air to lungs.
1 Air passes through nasal passages, wind pipes and alveoli.
2 Wind pipes are kept open by cartilage rings.
3 Gaseous exchange takes place in alveoli.
Air Sacs - Alveoli
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The Rib cage
How air enters and leaves the lungs
Breathing
1 Chest expands to inhale
2 Chest contracts to exhale
Is breathing voluntary?
Inhalation
Exhalation
The Rib Cage The Bell jar
Compare and Contrast
Composition of air in the lungs
Gas Percentage ininhaled air
Percentage inexhaled air
Oxygen 21% 16%
Carbon dioxide 0.04% 4%
Nitrogen 79% 79%
Water vapour a little a lot
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Experiment to show that exhaled air contains
Carbon Dioxide
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Indicator used to test for presence of Carbon Dioxide
calcium hydroxide (lime water)
To test for presence of Carbon dioxide in Expired air
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Gaseous exchange in alveoli
Pulmonary Circulation
Respiratory System
Air Sacs
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Gaseous Exchange
Respiratory System
Return
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Exercise- Breathing Hard
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Recovery period
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What is energy needed for?
• Animals - for movement, sending messagesthrough nerves, transport of food, keeping warm.
• Plants - for taking up minerals from soil, openingand closing of stomata, and transport of food.
• All organisms - for growth, cell division, andmoving molecules against a concentration gradient
Energy
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Respiration in animal and plant
Gills of fish Fish breathe with gills.
Gills are feather-like structures with a rich supply of blood vessels.
Gills are found under the gill covers of fish.
Gillcover
Water entersthe mouth of the fish …
How a fish breathes in …How a fish breathes in …
Water entersthe mouth of the fish …
… and flows over the gills.
Oxygen passes through the walls of the blood vessels and into the blood.
How a fish breathes in …How a fish breathes in …
Gills
Carbon dioxide passesthrough the wallsof the blood vesselsand dissolves in the water.
How a fish breathes out …How a fish breathes out …
Water with dissolved carbon dioxide flows out from under the gill cover.
Carbon dioxide passesthrough the wallsof the blood vesselsand dissolves in the water.
How a fish breathes out …How a fish breathes out …
… through special nostrils called blowholes on top of their heads.
Dolphins and whales breathe …
blowhole
blowhole
How do different animals breathe? Lungs eg. Man, whale, seal, bat, snake, dog, cow Moist skin eg. Frogs, toads, salamander, earthworm Gills eg. Fish, tadpole, mudskipper Breathing tube eg. Wriggler, water stick insect Breathing holes eg. Ant, dragonfly
My Pals are Here! Science 4B © 2003 Times Media Private Limited
Respiratory System in Plants
underside of a leafstoma
• Plants exchange gases with their surroundings through the stoma.
You are reminded that under the Copyright Act, it is an offence to reproduce or copy any part of this presentation without permission from Times Media Private Limited.
At nightAt night
oxygen
carbon dioxide
During respiration
oxygencarbon dioxide
During photosynthesis
oxygen
carbon dioxide
During respiration
In the dayIn the day
You are reminded that under the Copyright Act, it is an offence to reproduce or copy any part of this presentation without permission from Times Media Private Limited.My Pals are Here! Science 4B My Pals are Here! Science 4B © 2003 Times Media Private Limited© 2003 Times Media Private Limited
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Which is faster?What does it depend on?
Respiration and Photosynthesis