• Breathing Basics

• Bigger Breaths

• Breathing for Speech

Expiration

Abdominal

Muscles

Internal Intercost

als

Inspiration

Diaphragm

External Intercost

als

Accessory

Muscles

Accessory

Muscles?

Abdominal

Muscles: down and

out

Diaphragm: down

External Intercostals: ribs up and

out

InspirationInspiration

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Origins: manubrium of sternum and clavicle

• Unite and course upward

• Insertion: mastoid process of temporal bone

• Contract: when head is fixed, bilateral contraction elevates sternum, clavicle, ribcage

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5086/

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

• Scalenus• Origin: cervical

vertebrae• Insertion: ribs 1 & 2• Contract: raises ribs

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5270/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5267/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5262/

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

• Levatores costarum

• Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae

• Insertion: rib below origin

• Contract: elevate ribs (similar to external intercostals)http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5238/

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

• Serratus anterior• Origin: ribs• Insertion: scapula• Contract: elevates ribs

• Serratus posterior superior

• Origin: cervical/thoracic vertebrae

• Insertion: upper ribs• Contract: elevates ribs

• Serratus posterior inferior

• Origin: thoracic/lumbar vertebrae

• Insertion: lower ribs• Contract: depresses ribshttp://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5505/

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5285/ http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5284/

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Pg. 16.

• Transversus thoracis

• Origin: lower sternum

• Insertion: upper ribs

• Contract: depresses ribs

http://www.anatomyexpert.com/structure_detail/5289/

Expiration

Abdominal

Muscles

Internal Intercost

als

Inspiration

Diaphragm

External Intercost

als

Accessory

Muscles

Accessory

Muscles

Sternocleido-

mastoid

Scalenus

Levatores

Costarum

Serratus Posterior Inferior

Transversus

Thoracis

Serratus: Anterior

& Posterior Superior

• Breathing Basics

• Bigger Breaths

• Breathing for Speech

• Tidal breathing excursion: 10% VC

• Inspiration for conversation: 60% VC

• Inspiration for loud reading: 80% VC

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 31.

• Measured in cm H2O

• Sustained vowel: 6 cm H2O

• Conversation: 3-20 cm H2O

• Loud yell: 80 cm H2O

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 34.

• Boyle’s Law: PV = constant

• How do we maintain the same expiratory pressure for speech when lung volumes are changing?•Passive forces•Muscle effort starts at 55% VC

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 91.

• Muscle contractions oppose relaxation pressure with desired pressure as the end result

• Relaxation pressure – Subglottal pressure =

Amount of muscle activity

• 55% VC relaxation pressure maintains subglottal pressure

Zemlin, W.R. (1998). Pg. 92.

http://www.homebusinessandfamilylife.com/larynx.html http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/normal-vocal-cords

glottis

• Measured in cm H2O

• Sustained vowel: 6 cm H2O

• Conversation: 3-20 cm H2O

• Loud yell: 80 cm H2O

Hixon, T.J., et al. (2008). Preclinical Speech Science: Anatomy, Physiology, Acoustics, and Perception. Pg. 34.

• Clavicular: shoulders move up and down during breathing

• Thoracic: balance of movement during breathing between the thoracic and abdominal regions

• Diaphragmatic (Abdominal): most of the movement during breathing occurs in the abdominal area

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vYPv69FEK2M