ResveratrolResveratrolA Phytochemical With Health A Phytochemical With Health Benefits Found in Red WineBenefits Found in Red Wine

Chem 11Spring 2008

Resveratrol is a stilbeneResveratrol is a stilbene

Stilbene:Stilbene:

ResveratrolResveratrol

ResveratrolResveratrol

Health Benefits of Health Benefits of PhytochemicalPhytochemicalss

Antoxidant activityAntoxidant activity

Cancer inhibitionCancer inhibition

Cholestrol regulation Cholestrol regulation

Anti-inflammatory activiAnti-inflammatory activityty

What are Antioxidants?What are Antioxidants?– They are substances that slow or prevent They are substances that slow or prevent

the oxidation of other molecules, the oxidation of other molecules, particularly by such oxidizing agents as particularly by such oxidizing agents as free radicals.free radicals.

What are Free Radicals?What are Free Radicals?– They are molecular or atomic species with They are molecular or atomic species with

one or more unpaired electrons making it one or more unpaired electrons making it very reactive.very reactive.

Free RadicalsFree Radicals

Where do they come from?Where do they come from?– Many are produced in the body from OMany are produced in the body from O22

as part of normal metabolic activity.as part of normal metabolic activity.

– Most of the OMost of the O22 is consumed in the is consumed in the electron chain transport, but some electron chain transport, but some escapes this pathway.escapes this pathway.

Free Radical FormationFree Radical Formation

2O2O2 2 + NADPH 2O+ NADPH 2O22-- + NADP + NADP++ + H + H++

2O2O22- - + 2H+ 2H+ dismutase + dismutase HH22OO2 2 + O+ O2 2

HH22OO2 2 + O+ O22-- + H + H+ + HH22O + OO + O2 2 + + OHOH

Effects of Free RadicalsEffects of Free Radicals

Negative EffectsNegative Effects– Aging Aging – Cancer Cancer – Disruption of normal cell Disruption of normal cell

activitiesactivities– Heart diseaseHeart disease– Damage DNADamage DNA

Positive EffectsPositive Effects– The body uses the most

dangerous free radicals for use in the immune system and in inflammatory reactions.

Other Sources of Free Other Sources of Free RadicalsRadicals

DrugsDrugs Air PollutionAir Pollution Radiation, e.g. sunlight, Radiation, e.g. sunlight,

TV and microwavesTV and microwaves

Free radicalsFree radicals A common Free Radical is A common Free Radical is OHOH This is created in body during normal metabolism This is created in body during normal metabolism

in the ETC.in the ETC.

Free Radicals Attack Cellular Free Radicals Attack Cellular MembranesMembranes

Free radicals break the double bonds Free radicals break the double bonds of lipids found in cellular membranes:of lipids found in cellular membranes:

-C=C- + -C=C- + OH - C – C - OH - C – C -

OH OH

Antioxidants Mop Up Loose Free Antioxidants Mop Up Loose Free RadicalsRadicals

+ OH OH OH

+ H2OO O

Antioxidant Free Radical

Antioxidant Capabilities of Antioxidant Capabilities of ResveratrolResveratrol

Research Studies Of Research Studies Of ResveratrolResveratrol

Studies are still in initial stages. Studies are still in initial stages.

Anti-cancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-aging Anti-cancer, antiviral, neuroprotective, anti-aging and anti-inflammatory.and anti-inflammatory.

Anti-cancer – Resveratrol interfers with all three Anti-cancer – Resveratrol interfers with all three stages; it has anti-angiogenic propertiesstages; it has anti-angiogenic properties

Anti-aging – enzyme SIR2 increases life span of Anti-aging – enzyme SIR2 increases life span of yeast cell and Resveratrol increases its activityyeast cell and Resveratrol increases its activity

Drinking a glass of red wine a day may cut a Drinking a glass of red wine a day may cut a man's risk of prostate cancer in half. man's risk of prostate cancer in half.

Bottom LineBottom Line

There may not be enough Resveratrol There may not be enough Resveratrol in a glass of wine to yield clinical in a glass of wine to yield clinical benefits, but it’s like chicken soup …benefits, but it’s like chicken soup …

A little bit won’t hurt you and it A little bit won’t hurt you and it might do you some good.might do you some good.

Works citedWorks citedNational Cancer Institution. “Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention: Fact Sheet.” 2008 May 10.

<http://www.cancer.gov/ cancertopics/factsheet/antioxidantsprevention>.National Cancer Institution. “Red Wine and Cancer Prevention: Fact Sheet.” 2008 May 10.

<http://www.cancer.gov/ cancertopics/factsheet/red-wine-and-cancer-prevention>.“New Insights into the Mechanism of Action of Antioxidants.” 2008 May 10

<http://ods.od.nih.gov/news/conferences/ ada2002/Milner_ abstract.html>Sharma, H. M.D., C. Clark, M.D. An excerpt from the medical textbook Contemporary Ayurveda.

Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1998. 2008 May 10.< http://www.bsherman.org/freeradicals.htm>.

Silverthorn, Dee Unglaub. Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach. 4th ed. San Francisco: PearsonEducaton Inc. 2007. 22

J Bauer, D Sinclair, J Bauer, D Sinclair, “Therapeutic potential of Resvertrol: the in vivo evidence”, “Therapeutic potential of Resvertrol: the in vivo evidence”, National Revue Drug National Revue Drug Discovery, Discovery, 2006, 5(6): 494 – 5062006, 5(6): 494 – 506

K Huwitz, D Sinclair, K Huwitz, D Sinclair, “Small molecule activatiors of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae “Small molecule activatiors of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan”, lifespan”, Nature, Nature, 2003 Sep 11:425 191 – 62003 Sep 11:425 191 – 6

Ming-Tsan Lin, Men-Luh Yen, Chia-Yi Lin, and Min-Liang Kuo, “Ming-Tsan Lin, Men-Luh Yen, Chia-Yi Lin, and Min-Liang Kuo, “ Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Resveratrol through Interruption of Src-Dependent Vascular Growth Factor-Induced Angiogenesis by Resveratrol through Interruption of Src-Dependent Vascular Endothelial Cadherin Tyrosine Phosphorylation”, Endothelial Cadherin Tyrosine Phosphorylation”, Mol PharmacolMol Pharmacol 2003, 64:1029-1036 2003, 64:1029-1036