RETENTION ENERGY In the fish 

By : 

Name  : Novi AriyantiNIM  : B1J0112205The group  : IGroup  : IAssistant  : Ivan Aprianto

CONSOLIDATED PRACTICUM PHYSIOLOGY ANIMALS I

MINISTRY of education and culture JENDERAL SUDIRMAN UNIVERSITY

FACULTY of BIOLOGYPURWOKERTO

2013

I. INTRODUCTION

I.1 Background

Energy capacity is to do a job and is very much needed in all our activities

metabolism. Livestock Feed that given to fish cultivation is a source of energy,

the majority of which is used to such metabolism on energy for life, move or

swimming, such digestion and growth. Most of the energy food must be kept

internally to use in the future of the energy that is more and more stored (with the

limits) connected with the needs, an animal that much longer can survive without

food. More and more more energy that are stored, the more that can be used for

the process expenses such as growth, reproduction energy, migration, hibernasi,

or the expenses that promotes the temperature changes environment. Almost all

enzymes are proteins (Djajasewaka, 1990).

Protein is most important essential constituent assembly which is used for

growth. Growth in the fish can be seen from the increase in the components

make up the body of fish that covers  protein, fat, carbohydrate and protein, fat

vitamins., carbohydrates and vitamins in livestock feed when consumed by fish,

after undergoing a process digesti and absorbed will be used as a source of

energy for financing such voluntari, replace damaged tissue and growth. Growth

can be measured from the weight bertambahnnya fish. The increase means the

weight gains in the components building blocks this body can be considered in

the unit energy or calories dikandungnnya. So the gains weight can also be

considered as much energy body (Yuwono, 2001).

Measuring The importance retention practicum energy in this time to know

how much of the energy consumed fish feeds that will be stored in the

body. During this time using a fish Lele (Clarias batrachus). The reason the fish

Lele is because it easy to get, can easily be kept, and make them affordable.

1.2. The goal

The purpose of retention practicum energy is to see how much of the

energy nutrient that is consumed by fish can be stored in the body (energy

retention, and also learn the difference quality livestock feed also produce the

differences retention energy.

II. MATERIALS and methods of work 

2.1. Matter

As well as the tools that used in practicum is an aquarium 30 x 50 x 25 cm

as many as two , a thermometer, weight analytic, oven, blander and bomb

calorimeter.

The materials used in practicum is Ikan (Clarias batrachus), pelet,

akuades, aluminum foil.

2.2. How to work

1. Two aquarium prepared and contents of the aquarium with water as high as

25 cm, then placed heater between the two aquarium.

2. Fish weighed and sown with its population density 3-4 fish in each aquarium.

3. Fish with the size of taken then weighed out to be known weight. 

4. Fish are stored in aluminum foil and then dioven for 7 days, after dried fish

weighed to know the weight dried fish, then diblender for 2 minutes until

smooth and printed to form of pellet.

5. Done measurement calory fish samples by using bomb calorimeter.

6. Counted the Retention Energy by using equations ANER

ANER = [body energy - energy body home / number of livestock feed that is

consumed by x 100%.

III. RESULTS and DISCUSSION

3.1. Result

Diket  : Bobot wet fish early    :  2 Gr

 The wet fish end : 7  gr

 The weight dried fish early : 0.28  g

 The weight dried fish end : 1.8076 gr

 Energy fish bombs early : 416.3622/gr

 Energy bomb fish end   : 3575.8825 Kal

 Energy feeds tragedy    : 3983.67 Kal/gr

Asked : Retention energy big fish?

Including : 

1. Σ E. fish Early = weight Dried fish Early x Energy fish bombing Early

   = 0.28 X 4,164.3622

   = 2,090.0214 Kal

2. Σ  E. Fish end = dry weight End x Energy fish bombing Early

= 1.8076 X 3,575.8825

     = 6,463.7652 Kal

3. Σ nutrient that is consumed by   = 2.5 percent x 14 x weight wet fish Early

    = 2.5 PERCENT x 14 x 14

    = 0.7 Grams

4. Σ  E. Livestock Feed = Σ Nutrient that is consumed by  x  Energy Feeds

bomb

 = 0.7 x 3983.67

   = 2,788.541 Kal

5. ANER = Σ Energy fish End - Σ Energy fish Early x 100 percent.

Σ Energy fish feeds

= 6,463.7652 Kal/g - 2,090.0214 kal/gr  x 100 percent.

2788.541 Kal 

= 156.84703

3.1. Discussion

During this time using Ikan (Clarias batrachus) as an object or retention

energy. Aquarium function to place the fish will be tested retention energy, a filter

fish work to make life easier for illegal fishing fish, digital scales to weigh the

weight fish, oven function to drain fish in a short time of 1 weeks, aluminum foil to

wrap fish that will plugged into oven to use, mortar and pestel used to sublimate

fish that will be made pelet, mold pelet function to score a pelet that have

been crushed by mortar and pestel and bomb calorimeter to measure the calories

livestock feed, fish samples beginning and end fish fish Lele in pellet form.

Based on the result practicum retention by energy group 1 of fish with the

weight of wet fish beginning 2 grams, heavy wet fish end 7 gram, heavy dried fish

beginning of 0.28 grams and weight of dried fish end 1.8076 gram, energy fish

bombing beginning of 4164.3622 kal/gram, energy bomb feeds end of 3575.8825

and energy feeds bomb beginning of 398.67 /g. Based on the results obtained

practicum retention 156.84703 energy that high-percent. According to Lagler

(1972) said that energy retention normal is 60-68 percent, while from the result

practicum produced by percentage is slightly different, this happens is possible

because energy produced by many issued by the body metabolism, activities for

reproduction, biosynthesis and lost in the form a dip heat energy seprerti intak, as

well as the proportion energy lost through feces, as well as energy expatriates

who lost through urine, as well as energy that was used to produce heat, as well

as the energy relative the fish which are larger or due to all the combined factors.

Retention energy is the large energy nutrient that is consumed

by fish that can be stored in the body . Energy Retention shows the extent the

energy nutrient that is consumed by energy to increase the body of fish. Energy

is Retention maximum feeds energy that is consumed by living creature can be

stored in the body. Retention or high energy efficiency can increase the amount

is reflected from the ratio energy body to feeds amount of energy consumed by

fish. The great energy that feeds terkontribusi gains in energy body energy body

also described the retention energy. Retention energy in the fish only a small

allocated for the growth and a half-total energy that is taken from nutrient to

waste in the form feces and excretion. Energy that converted from nutrient

consumed, a majority of them will be lost in the form heat, and only about 1/5 of

the total energy that, in the form growth. Retention Role energy plays an

important role in determining amount of energy that is absorbed by the body in

the fish (Zonneveld et al, 1991).

Factors that affect retention energy is body size. The proportion energy that

is allocated on various components energy budget change as well as body size

fish Retention energy was also affected. by a number of factors, such as weaker

energy intake, meningakatnya proportion energy lost through feces, urine tests,

as well as energy that was used to proiduksi summer, as well as the body, is

relatively energy the fish which are larger. Energy Retention

influenced temperature. When temperature rises, so the process of

metabolism also will rise and more stored energy . At high temperatures 30-

400 C will increase metabolism so rapidly  that will increase energy retention. But

in temperatures that are (denaturation high protein, protein (denaturation occurs

at high temperature 450 C or more precisely on the temperature 600 C where

more than the temperature and biological functions of proteins could be lost, so

graphic that produced from the relationship between retention energy with

temperature is curve dish (Susanto, 1992). According to Djarijah (1995), factors

that determine needs daily feeds in the fish is the measure weight and age, the

difference environmental resulted from water temperature, dissolved oxygen

content, and agresifitas fish to get protein.

A Cord used to measure the amount of calories that are released in burning

compounds (in O2 excessive) compound, food, fuel is a bomb calorimeter.

component bomb calorimeter namely thermometer function to measure the

temperature, stirring spoon or rod function to stir up water cooler, kutup oxygen

to include oxygen from tanks, the cup of to put material/sample that will be

burned, wire firesticks to burn, the bombing is a place of the occurrence of

burning, perenang penyelamat water for the laying a bomb. Oven to drain fish so

that it can become pounded so that it would be a powder, mortar and pastle

function to strike a fish collage understands that can be set up in a bomb with a

bomb calorimeter, weight technical work to know the weight fish before in oven

and after dioven, medical equipment maker pelet used to make pelet with

material ikan suggests that eventually will be easier for the bomb. Materials used

in during this time is ikan (Clarias batrachus) to know retention energy in the

animal tests (Marwan Effendi, 1979).

Retention metabolic rate in energy also influenced by body size. Livestock

feed their roles in fish cultivation because major factors in the nutrient that affect

the speed growth rate that is ration daily, protein concentration, and the energy

warp (Suhenda, 2004). According to Babalola and Adebaya (2007), protein is an

important factor that affects growth and the budget feeds. In general, protein

levels increase could add to the productivity fish. Excess energy in food

mengakinatkan can increase the accumulation of fat in the body and experienced

growth in the fish.

Livestock Feed is a matter after swallowed up by animals can be digested,

absorbed and should be used for survival. Livestock Feed containing nutrition in

which consists of protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, water, the level of water

and energy. Nutritional Needs for the cattle varied, but in animals that live in the

waters, for example, fish protein in livestock feed colonies are generally higher

than if it is compared with the kinds of birds and mammals that live on land. Most

of the energy food must be kept internally to use in the future of the energy that is

more and more closely associated with the needs are stored. More and more

more energy that are stored, the more that can be used for the process expenses

such as growth, reproduction energy, migration, hibernasi value or pebngeluaran

that promotes the temperature changes environment (Mantau, 2005).

Fish that were given nutrient composition with different shows retention

energy that is different from others. Nutrient is one of the factors that can support

in the development conducting of freshwater, brackish water or sea water. Main

function is to feeds survival and growth (Djajasewaka, 1990).

Efficiency livestock feed, from a comparison between body weight gains

and the number of livestock feed consumed. Although growth rate is relatively

different between treatment, but not followed by efficiency fodder for growing

each body weight treatment also compensated by the number of livestock feed

which is equivalent to the gains weight difference body of the fish (Mokoginta,

2004)

IV. CONCLUSION

Based on observation that has been done can be concluded that:

1. Retention energy in the fish Lele (Clarias batrachus) treatment for 7 days ,

156.84703 kal.

2. Factors that affect retention energy is protein in livestock feed, body size, the

number of energy that was issued , temperature, and quality feeds. 

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