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Risk Management an Element of Loss Control
A Review of Risk
Management
Fundamentals
A.4
Contributed by: Ben Sheppard, CMSP
BWS&A – Building Stones, Inc.P.O. Box 90
Cataldo, ID 83810Phone: 208-682-4774
www.bwsassociates.com
The Fundamentals of Risk Management
Recognize that loss potential exists
Identify all loss potentials
Eliminate or control all potentials to an acceptable level
Assessment and Management of Hazards
Hazard Identification Risk Assessment Risk Control Measurement and Record Keeping
Hazard Identification
– consists of identifying any condition that has potential to cause a loss to persons, property, production or planet.
Risk Assessment
• – consists of determining what the actual loss potential may be.
Risk Control
• – consists of eliminating and/or reducing the risk to an acceptable level
Measurement and Record Keeping
• – consists of measuring the control and documenting the results.
Hazard/Nonconformance Inspections
• Record each nonconformance/substandard act and/or practice
• Categorize each nonconformance
* Establish a numerical system for
prioritizing each nonconformance
Developing Categories for Establishing Priorities
• Establish a system of classification that will set a priority for fixing or correcting each nonconformance found during an inspection.
* I.E., class 1-2-3-4-etc. or class A-B-C-D-etc.
Give each item on the nonconformance
list a number or letter that sets a firm
action priority.
Priority Actions - Examples
• Class 1 or A = Emergency – Correct Immediately
• Class 2 or B = Urgent – Correct within 24 hours• Class 3 or C = Correct within one week• Class 4 or D = Correct within one Month• Etc.
Priority Actions
Priorities are based on event consequences and/or probability of occurrence
Or another way of saying the same thing
Frequency of exposure and severity potential
Priority Actions – Hazard Classifications
• Class “A” Hazard A condition or practice likely to cause permanent disability, loss of life or body part, and/or extensive loss of structure equipment or material.
• Example 1 - a large slab of loose hanging wall at a
haulage cross cut.• Example 2 - unmarked and unplugged misfire in a face
being drilled.
Priority Actions – Hazard Classifications
• Class “B” Hazard A condition or practice likely to cause serious injury of illness (resulting in temporary disability) or property damage that is disruptive, but less severe than Class “A.”
• Example 1 - Loading operations in a blasted end
commencing before watering down. • Example 2 - Missing step in the middle of a
stepladder.
Priority Actions – Hazard Classifications
• Class “C” Hazard A condition or practice likely to cause minor (non-disabling) injury or illness or non-disruptive property damage.
• Example 1 - Worker handling timber without using gloves.• Example 2 - Slippery footwall in travel way.
6 Key Subjects for Risk Decisions
• CLASSIFICATION OF EXPOSURE
• PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
• COST OF CONTROL
• DEGREE OF CONTROL
• ALTERNATIVES
• JUSTIFICATION
6 Key Questions of Risk Decisions
1. CLASSIFICATION OF EXPOSURE
What is the potential severity of loss if
an incident occurs?
A - Major
B - Serious
C - Minor
6 Key Questions of Risk Decisions
2. PROBABILITY OF OCCURRENCE
What is the probability that a loss will occur from this exposure of hazard?
A - High
B - Moderate
C - Low
6 Key Questions of Risk Decisions
3. COST OF CONTROL
What is the cost of the recommended control?A - High (establish meaningful cost ranges for your own organization)
B - Medium
C - Low
6 Key Questions of Risk Decisions
4. DEGREE OF CONTROL
What degree of control will be achieved
by this expenditure? A - Substantial or Complete (67 - 100%)
B - Moderate (34 - 66%)
C - Low (1 - 33%)
6 Key Questions of Risk Decisions
5. ALTERNATIVES
What are the alternative controls?
6. JUSTIFICATION
Why is this one suggested?
Identifying Hazards
Hazard identification is the most important and critical component of risk assessment.
And
Hazard analysis is the most important safety process.
If these fail – all other processes will most likely be defective.
Identifying Hazards
ASK THE QUESTION(S)
HOW COULD PERSONS BE INJURED?
HOW COULD PROPERTY BE DAMAGED?
HOW COULD PRODUCTION BE DELAYED?
HOW COULD THE ENVIRONMENT BE HARMED?
Identifying Hazards
A few examples of methods used to identify hazards
• Common sense & experience• Potential contacts with energy and/or substance• Standard reviews• Utilize the manufactures recommendations• Utilize the operator or process user• Utilize similar processes• Utilize checklists• Analyze incident reports• Analyze industry historical information• Etc.
Reduce or Eliminate Risk
Beginning with the Most Effective Control Measures and Ranking to the Least Effective Control
1. Eliminate or control hazards and risks through System design and redesign.
2. Reduce risk by utilizing materials and methods that reduce the hazard and risk.
3. Utilize barriers (I.e., guards, fences, that prevent contact)
4. Utilize warning systems (I.e., alarms, lights and etc.)
5. Utilize administrative controls (I.e., training, exposure frequency, etc.)
6. Utilize Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Risk Assessment Updating
Risk assessments should be updated when:
• A design is changed
• The process is changed in any way
• Controls are changed or modified
• Contiguous processes with potential to affect are modified
Review Questions (Answers on the next slide)
1. In order to eliminate or reduce risk, the use of PPE should be the ______ choice utilized:
a. Firstb. Last
2. What is the first step in the assessment and management of risk?.
a. Hazard identificationb. Risk assessment c. Risk controld. Cost analysis
3. Which of the following should not be a factor in risk management decisions?
a. Severityb. Probabilityc. Cost of controld. Degree of controle. Legal cost of no action
Answers to the Review Questions
1. In order to eliminate or reduce risk, the use of PPE should be the ______ choice utilized:
b. Last
2. What is the first step in the assessment and management of risk?.
a. Hazard identification
3. Which of the following should not be a factor in risk management decisions?
e. Legal cost of no action
Answers to the Review Questions
1. A Hearing Conservation Program includes all of the following, except:
b. Predictive Equipment Maintenance
2. ___ dBA, called the Action Level, are required to be enrolled in a Hearing Conservation Program.
a. 85
3. A Standard Threshold Shift (STS) is a decrease in a miner’s hearing by an average of ___ dB compared to his baseline audiogram.
b. 10