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7/12/2010
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© Crown copyright Met Office
Satellite issues relevant to Thorpex
Roger Saunders, Chris Velden + many others
Overview
C rrent stat s• Current status
• Future Geostationary
• Future Polar
K i• Key issues
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Current status
• All geostationary satellites operational (GOES changes, JMA just switched from MTSAT-1R to -2, COMSAT jlaunched)
• Last of polar NOAA satellites operational + METOP-A
• Failure of Quikscat (Ascat ok, Oceansat scat coming??)
• Failure of F-13 SSM/I data delivery
• F-18 SSMIS better quality measurements
• Chinese FY-3 series providing good data for NWP
• Extension of EOS and ENVISAT for ~ 5 years
• Terra MODIS deteriorating?
NASA Operating Missions – January 2010
OSTM/Jason 2 XX
X
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Impact of loss of QuickScat/SSM/I
© Crown copyright Met Office
Comparison of The Impact of Scatterometers on Met Office ForecastsTrial compared with
NO-SCAT control
Score against observations
• The table shows that ASCAT gives approximately the same impact as
NO-SCAT control(+/- 0.05)
ALLSCAT +0.97
ASCAT only +0.61
QuikSCAT only +0.66
The table shows that ASCAT gives approximately the same impact as Seawinds on Met Office forecasts - from the June 2007 assimilation trial
• It is also clear that “Two global coverage scatterometer missions provide significantly greater benefit to the numerical weather prediction community than a single mission can deliver alone.”
- Met R&D Technical Report 511, Met Office, March 2008.
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a. NCEP/EMC Study
Data denial experiments 2005/6: – No QuikSCAT
QuikSCAT wind vectors processed– QuikSCAT wind vectors processed by NESDIS
Overall conclusion: Assimilating QuikSCAT data had little impact on NCEP GFS hurricane track errors
• Conservative QC; observation error (3.5 m/s)
• Super-obs: obs averaged in 1o x 1o boxes
– Significant wind vectors (>20 m/s) are compromised
• Short vertical error correlation lengthscale, appropriate for tropical cyclone?
WindSat v QuikScat Impacts
PMSL improvements (%) Scatterometergives good
1.5
2
2.5
3
QuikScat WindSat improvement to forecast inshort range.Windsat loses sensitivity forwinds below 5 m/s.
0
0.5
1
24 48 72 96 120 144
Forecast time (hours)
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Closing the wind void...
Incentive: not much other wind data in AMV data voids.
© Crown copyright Met Office
Useful for constraining polar front jets.
New METOP polar AMVs
MODIS AMVs METOP AMVs
More coverage
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Future GeostationarySatellites (next decade)
• Meteosat Third Generation
L h i 2016 i t llit i i 3 i t bili d• Launch in 2016, six satellites in series, 3 axis stabilised• High spectral IR Sounder 700-1210 and 1600-2175cm-1
• 16 channel VIS+IR Imager (10min scan, 2km fov)• Lightning Imager• UVNS Sounder for atmospheric chemistry (Sentinel-4)
• GOES-R Series
R launch in 2015 S launch in 2017• -R launch in 2015, -S launch in 2017
• Advanced imager
• Lightning mapper
• Space Weather instrument suite
Current GOES Launch ScheduleCurrent GOES Launch Schedule
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GOESGOES--R SpacecraftR Spacecraft
Specifications
Size: ~5.5 meters (from launch vehicle interface f )
Extreme UV/X-ray Irradiance Sensorto top of ABI)
Mass: Satellite (spacecraft and payloads) dry mass <2800kg
Power Capacity: >4000W at end‐of‐life (includes accounting for limited array degradation)
Advanced Baseline
Geostationary Lightning Mapper(GLM)
Solar UV Imager (SUVI)
Magnetometer
Space EnvironmentIn-situ Suite (SEISS)
Irradiance Sensor (EXIS)
Current Status
• Lockheed‐Martin Space Systems Co (LMSSC)
13
Imager (ABI)(GLM)
Unique Payload Services:• High Rate Information Transmission/Emergency Managers Weather
Information Network (HRIT/EMWIN)• Data Collection System (DCS)• Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (SARSAT) Repeater• GOES-R Re-Broadcast (GRB)
began work on July 22, 2009
• Spacecraft System Definition Review (SDR) completed March 9‐10, 2010
• Conducted Integrated Baseline Review (IBR) Apr 27, 2010
Future GeostationarySatellites (next decade)
• Advanced Hyperspectral Sounder Update (U.S)
• GeoMetWatch (GMW), a commercial entity, has responded to a solicitation by NOAA to provide an innovative approach of co-hosting an operational, hyper-spectral Geo sounder on one of the many existing commercial satellite systems.
• Fee-for-Service, 24/7 operational sounder data
• The GMW commercial sounder would restore most of the capabilities of the previously proposed HES.
• The spectral resolution of the GMW sounder is currently proposed to be the same as the GIFTS spec and comparable with 2 of the original HES bands trade studies.
• Proposed coverage implementation: 2014-2020 (6 operational sounders, global coverage)
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Proposed Coverage Implementation: 2014-2020
Six Commercial Sounders give global coverage with overlap enabling cross-
calibration.
Two spares (on-orbit or on-ground) will provide redundant capability.
Future PolarSatellites (next decade)
• ESA ADM delay to 2013 due to laser reliability
• Japanese GCOM-W will provide AMSR continuity and new• Japanese GCOM-W will provide AMSR continuity and new scatterometer from NASA
• JPSS (replaces NPOESS)
• NPP no sooner than Sept. 2011
• First JPSS 2014-15 launch in PM orbit
• VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS and CERES/ERBS
• DWSS to replace DMSP ~ 2018
• Post EPS
• Under definition studies
• Base payload: Vir/IR imager, IR sounder, MW sounder, scatterometer, UVNS sounder
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NASA Foundational Mission Status
OCO-reflight???
GLORY11/2010
AQUARIUS12/2010
NPPNET 9/2011
LDCM12/2012
with TIRS
GPM7/2013, 11/2014
NASA Earth Science Decadal Survey Missions2010-2018 ~2018-2025 ~2025-2032
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High resolution models
1.5km Model
How to assimilatesatellite data in this model ?
Meteosat IR
Main messages
• Loss of Quikscat and SSMI/I is degrading NWP
• Extended life of some research satellites helps to mitigate losses elsewhere
• Hyperspectral sounder in GEO orbit now approved by Europe on MTG
• Contribution to GOS by nations increasing (e.g. FY-3, Oceansat)
• Further delay in wind lidar
• Challenge of assimilation of satellite data in high resolution local area models