Section 4 (The Growth of Nationalism)

Nationalism at home – Two Parties at home

Key Terms• Dartmouth College v. Woodward- 1819 case in which

the Supreme Court ruled that states could not interfere with private contracts.

• McCulloch v. Maryland- 1819 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that Congress has the authority to take actions necessary to fulfill its Constitution duties.

• Gibbons v. Ogden- 1824 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that states could not regulate commerce on interstate waterways.

Key Terms (continued)• Monroe Doctrine- Declaration by President

Monroe in 1823 that stated the United States would oppose efforts by any outside power to control a nation in the Western Hemisphere.

• American System- A combination of government backed by economic development and protective tariffs aimed at encouraging business growth.

Nationalism at Home• President Monroe’s two terms were thought of the

Era of Good Feelings.• Federalist Party was “disappearing” leaving just the

Jeffersonian Republicans.• In 1816 Congress expressed their positive feelings of

buying merchandise made by Americans, which would create foreign goods to be more expensive.

• Supreme Court was in control by Chief Justice John Marshall.

Nationalism at Home Continued• Protecting Contracts:

• An 1819 ruling prohibited New Hampshire from changing the charter of Dartmouth College, this case known as Dartmouth College s. Woodward.• Chief Justice John Marshall’s court ruled that

states couldn’t interfere with private contracts.• The Long term effect was to protect business

from regulation, which helped to stabilize the economy.

Nationalism at Home Continued

• Supporting the National Bank:– In 1816 Congress created the Second Bank of the United States.– The Constitution did not grant the federal government the right to

charter a national bank.– In 1819 the issue reached the Supreme Court.– Maryland took action by putting heavy taxes on the bank.– This action challenged Congress’s authority to create the bank.– In the McCulloch vs. Maryland case, the Supreme Court ruled that

Congress didn’t have enough authority to do that.– Those who strictly interpreted the Constitution, saw that the bank was

a convenience and not a necessity.– Arguments arose over the Necessary and Proper Clause over time on

how to interpret it.

Nationalism at Home Continued• Regulating Commerce:

– Aaron Ogden purchased a state license to operate his steamboat from New York to New Jersey.

– When Tomas Gibbons started to do the same thing, Ogden sued him.– Gibbons stated that he was operating under a federal license.– This case made it to the Supreme Court in 1824 as the Gibbons vs.

Ogden case.– Court declared that the state’s couldn’t interfere with the

Constitutional right to regulate business’s on interstate waterways.– It reinforced the federal government’s authority about interstate

commerce.– Congress took away states rights to sell exclusive licenses like Ogden’s

which led towards helping open the American West for settlement.

Nationalism Abroad

• President Monroe– Main goal was to ease tension with Great Britain

(remained a high goal after the War of 1812)– Was concerned that other European countries would take

over the Western Hemisphere.• (After) The War of 1812– In 1817 the USA & Britain signed the Rush-Bagot

Agreement.• Made both sides reduce # of warships in the Great Lakes

Nationalism Abroad (continued)• Monroe Doctrine– On December 2, 1823 President Monroe gave a speech to

Congress about the Monroe Doctrine (has 4 main parts)• US would not become involved in the internal affairs of European

countries, nor would it take sides in wars among them.• US recognized the existing colonies & states in the Western

Hemisphere & would not interfere with them.• US would not permit any further colonization of the Western

Hemisphere• Any attempt by a European power to take control of any nation in

the Western Hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile action toward the US.

Nationalism Abroad (continued)

* The US did NOT have the armed forces necessary to back up the warning in the Monroe Doctrine. It was a bold declaration for the US because the capital was burned down by a foreign army less than a decade earlier.

The Controversial Election of 1824

• July 4 , 1826, 50th anniversary of the declaration of independence–Thomas Jefferson and John Adams die.

• Economic problems began and spread of slavery–Monroe’s second term ends

John Quincy Adams• In 1803, John Quincy Adams became a politician

– Joined congress as a federalist and adopted views of an independent lawmaker

• 1808 lost his seat after supporting a bill opposed by the federalist• - No other candidate’s knowledge could match that of Adams’ in

politics and foreign affairs.– Joined Monroe’s cabinet – After years as a diplomat in Europe he returned to the United

States and became secretary of state.– Once secretary of state he negotiated the treaty with Britain

that extended the American border to the Rockies, and helped create the Monroe doctrine.

Known as “Harry of the West” Energetic and charming Had a gift for speechmaking Spoke in support of what he called the

American System. Even though he had slaves, he was

uncomfortable with owning them and so in his will, he freed slaves.

• Served in the House of Representatives and as Monroe’s Secretary of War.

• Joined in Congress, supported nationalism and sponsoring a variety of economic measures to help unify the nation.

• Turned his attention more toward defending southern sectional interests.

• Nicknamed “Old Hickory” for his toughness.• Gained widespread popularity for his victories

in the War of 1812• His opponents saw him as a poorly educated,

ill-tempered roughneck.

• In the 1824 election, Jackson won the most votes in the electoral college, but he did not win a majority.

• Clay used his influence as speaker of the House to give Adams his victory.

• Jackson’s supporters charged that Adams and Clay had made a “corrupt bargain” to deny Jackson the win.

Two New Parties Face Off

• Adams wanted to use federal power to strengthen the nation’s economy.

• Adams and Clay wanted legal authorization for the federal building of roads, canals, bridges, lighthouses, universities, and many other public improvements to promote the American System

Adams and Clay

• Adams and Clay wanted:– the legislation for authorizing the federal building

of roads, canals, bridges, lighthouses, universities and many other public improvements.

– Protective tariffs• In 1828 supporters of Adams and Clay started

calling themselves the Adams party or the National Republicans.

Jackson

• Jackson’s supporters tried to block Adams and Clay’s plans. – Jackson himself prepared for the election and

revenge.• Jackson supporters called themselves

Jacksonians or Democratic Republicans.– They believed in limited government.

Election

• 1828 election was important because 3x as many men voted in this election than in 1824.– Most of these new voters supported Jackson.• Jackson won 178 to 83 (Adams)

Pop Quiz!!!!

Who did the National Republicans follow?

Adams & Clay

What did the Democratic Republicans believe in?

A limited government

Why was the election in 1828 important?

Because three times as many men voted than in

1824

Fun Facts about James Monroe

• First president to ride in a steamboat

• He was the first to have an outdoor inauguration.

• He ran “unopposed” in his second term, he captured all electoral votes, but one.

• http://encarta.msn.com/media_461577437/james_monroe_quick_facts.html