Session 5 Light SAR Operations 1

Light Search & Rescue Operations

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Module 4 - Light Search and Rescue Operations

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Module 4 - Light Search and Rescue Operations

Class 4 is dedicated to light search and rescue techniques.

Students are taught evacuation, search techniques, building construction, rescue methods, cribbing, and shoring.

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Module 4 - Points for the Instructor

Immediately following almost every major disaster, experience has shown that the first response to trapped and injured victims is by spontaneous, untrained, and well-intentioned persons paying little or no regard to personal safety.

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Module 4 - Points for the Instructor

This class will give participants the knowledge to formulate rescue plans according to situational needs, while weighting personal safety considerations.

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Module 4 - Methodology

This class will utilize a PowerPoint slide presentation, interactive lecture, and overhead transparencies.

Participant will practice techniques of patient lifting and carrying, and participate in demonstration of leverage and cribbing operation.

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Size-Up

How to size-up the situation in which the search and rescue team will operate.

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Search Techniques

How to search systematically for disaster victims.

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Search Techniques

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Rescue Techniques

Safe techniques for lifting, leveraging, cribbing, and victim removal.

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Rescue Techniques

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Rescuer Safety

How to protect your own safety and your buddy’s during search and rescue.

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What is Search and Rescue?

The search and rescue function is really two separate activities: Search. To look through a place and / or

an area carefully in order to find something missing or lost.

Rescue. To free or deliver from confinement.

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Objectives

Objectives of The search and rescue are to: Acknowledge that

the most important person in a rescue attempt is the rescuer.

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Objectives

Rescue the greatest number of people in the shortest amount of time.

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Objectives

Rescue lightly trapped victims first.

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The Need for Planning

To avoid the problems associated with spontaneous actions, rescue efforts should be planned and practiced in advance. Risk involved. Doing the greatest good for the

greatest number of people.

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Search and Rescue

Time may be very limited for some victims. The first 24 hours after a disaster has been called the “GOLDEN DAY” - 80% survival chance.

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After Math of a Disaster

CERT search and rescue teams can make their efforts more effective in the time available through: Planning and practicing implementing

those plans. Size up of the situation. Careful attention to rescuer safety.

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Planning

Involves assessing probable needs, risks, and resources before disaster strikes and developing an action plan.

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Needs and Risks

Are determined to some extent by the types of occupancies in the local area.

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Resources

Identify local resource before a disaster even occurs.

Personnel, equipment, and tools.

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Who lives and/or works in the area?

Personnel

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Personnel

During which hours are these people most likely to be available?

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Personnel

What skills or hobbies do they have that might be useful in search and rescue operations?

What might be the most effective means of mobilizing their efforts?

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Equipment

What equipment is available locally that might be useful for search and rescue?

Where is it located?How can it be accessed?On which structures might it be

most effective?

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Tools

What tools are available that might be useful for lifting, moving, or cutting disaster debris?

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Size-Up

Continuous analysis of facts that forms the basis for decision making and planning.

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Size-Up

Step 1: Gather factsStep 2: Assess damage to the

building

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Size-Up

Step 3: Identify your resourcesStep 4: Establish the rescue priorities

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Size-Up

Step 5: Develop a rescue planStep 6: Conduct the rescue

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Size-Up

Step 7: Evaluate your progress

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Step 1: Gather Facts

Consider the types of structure and construction, location, and severity of damage, as well as environmental conditions and hazards, the probable number of victims, and their condition.

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Step 2: Assess Damage

Light: Superficial or cosmetic damage, broken window.

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Step 2: Assess Damage

Moderate: Questionable structural stability, fractures, tilting, foundations movement or displacement.

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Step 2: Assess Damage

Heavy: Obvious structural instability; partial or total wall collapse, ceiling failures.

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Step 3: Identify Your Resources

Identifies all of the resources, such as personnel, equipment, and tools, that are available to assist in rescuing victims.

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Step 4: Establish the Rescue Priorities

The rescuers must determine what the priorities are for the situation at hand.

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Step 5: Develop a Rescue Plan

Decide specifically how they are going to complete the tasks that they have determined are the highest priorities.

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Step 6: Conduct the Rescue

The rescue team puts the plan into action and begins the rescue.

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Step 7: Evaluate Your Progress

The rescuers must continually monitor the situation to prevent any harm to the rescuers.

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Safety Considerations

Buddy System.Hazards.Safety Equipment.Rotate Teams.

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Evacuation

The organized withdrawal from an area for purposes of protecting the safety of the area’s inhabitants. Determine the need Identify and relocation area Communicate Designated routes

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Conducting Search Operations

Locating Potential Victims. Areas of Entrapment.

Pancake Void Lean-to Void “V” Void

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Search Methodology

Is systematic and thorough.Avoids unnecessary duplication of

efforts.Provides for documentation of search

results.

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Search Methodology

Call out.Be systematic.Listen Carefully.Triangulate.Use the Buddy System.Mark Searched Areas.Document Results.

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Documentation

Document damageDocument injuriesKeep track of team

membersRecords of the

incidents

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Search and Rescue

Never conduct a search and rescue alone

Conduct a perimeter search

Mark the door or outside wall

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Search and Rescue

Constantly look around and above you

Finish the “X”Degree of damage

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Questions?