Slide title In CAPITALS 50 pt Slide subtitle 32 pt ETNO Paris 2006-12-14 Telecom NW Power Consumption Tomas Edler Business Unit Access Ericsson AB [email protected]

Slide titleIn CAPITALS

50 pt

Slide subtitle 32 pt

ETNO Paris

2006-12-14

Telecom NW Power Consumption

Tomas EdlerBusiness Unit Access

Ericsson AB

[email protected]

Source:[email protected]

Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example.

Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt

Bullets level 2-520 pt

Ericsson Confidential 061214 ETNO Paris presentation 2006-12-132

Content Digital Power Part omitted

LCA, Telecom systems Life Cycle Assessment– LCA method– Fixed & Mobile NW results– Way Forward – upcoming LCA on Fixed NW

Power Consumption and Efficiency of Teleocm Equipment

– Code of Conduct versus standardization. – ETSI EE/EEPS contributions. Power efficiency as a base

for benchmarking of performance & improvements.DSL efficiency figures – based on simulations.

– Example. Traffic and site models applied to EC CoC DSL equipment power targets. Operator and Subscriber Power costs.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



LCA Method


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



End-of-life treatment(This is a worst case example from China)

Manufacturing(e.g. copper miningand smelting)

Operation(e.g. coal basedelectricity production)

Transports&Travel

LCA - Life Cycle AssessmentEricsson Kista(xxx)


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



LCA explained on one slide...

Physical description - studied product/system, system boundaries, functional unit - sets the LCA start parameters.

LCI, Life Cycle Inventory - Starts with your product/system, ends with a lot of data for resource consumptions and emissions from all life cycle phases and activities associated with your product/system.

LCIA, LC Impact Assessment - Takes on where the LCI stops. Translates LCI end data into environmental impact data.

LCSEA, LC Stressor-Effects Assessment - A more advanced LCIA, sets further requirements on LCI data.

Results interpretation - The LCA results can be summed accross environmental impact categories, life cycle phases, parts of the product/system. An LCA gives complex results and a lot of time must be spent on understanding and presentation.

An LCA is a very iterative process

log [”Effort”]

”The truth”X

(An LCA is a very resource hungry method...But to come near the truth is better than just guess.And life cycle thinking is the key, with that, you cancome a long way.)

Your results


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



LCA model

Manuf. Use EoLT

Recycling

Output ofproduct(s)

Emissions to air(ex: CO2, NOX)

Emissions to water(ex: Cu)

Output of waste(incl. recycling)

Input of energy andenergy carriers

Input ofproducts

Input of ancillaryproducts

Emissions toground (ex: RHW)

Use of landresources

Use of natural resources(ex: Crude Oil)

Site model

Transports

1. General LCA Model Total “Site” View

Model examples(1 model built fromseveral suppliers:• 2 ICs• PCBs• 9 component fam.• LCDs• Batteries• PBA processes• 3 diff. mech. proc.

Model examples(1 model built fromseveral suppliers:• 2 ICs• PCBs• 9 component fam.• LCDs• Batteries• PBA processes• 3 diff. mech. proc.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Equipment Quantity Weight Lifetime W/L Use phaseton years ton/year MWh/year

Terminals 1 500 000 975 2,5 390 2 250RBS sites 3 023 76 800- RBS 3202, 3*1 525 5 105- Battery cells 382 3,5 109- Site materials 5 180 10-20 446RNC + Core network 51 150 10 15 1 670Mini-link 5 912 135 15 9 2 080Cables 120 20 6

Equipment Quantity Weight Lifetime W/L Use phaseton years ton/year MWh/year

Terminals 1 500 000 975 2,5 390 2 250RBS sites 3 023 76 800- RBS 3202, 3*1 525 5 105- Battery cells 382 3,5 109- Site materials 5 180 10-20 446RNC + Core network 51 150 10 15 1 670Mini-link 5 912 135 15 9 2 080Cables 120 20 6

Materials 0,7 kg Operation electricity 55 kWhWaste 6,7 kg Other electricity 25 kWhFossil fuel resources 25 kg

Key indicators: Per subscriber and year (/Subyear)Materials 0,7 kg Operation electricity 55 kWhWaste 6,7 kg Other electricity 25 kWhFossil fuel resources 25 kg

Key indicators: Per subscriber and year (/Subyear)

Other importantparameters: • Traffic model• Geography• Cap&Cov• Climate• Site types

2. Life Cycle Inventory - LCIWorld average 3G system, annual operationOriginal green field system end 2001

42 GWh (mid 2005)

28 GWh(end 2006)

New design:


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Rawmaterials

Products Ericsson Equip.Operation

Operator EoLT

kg CO2-eqv. persubscriber and year

End-of-lifetreatment

Manufacturing Operation

Terminal

Transportsno. 1 at E.

”Comercials”Service Equip.Transmission

Service Equip.Terminal ++

RBS mid 2005

(RBS end 2001)

Recycling

3. LCIA, Life Cycle Impact Assessment Climate Change (CC) CO2-eqv

Traffic ModelNew RBSsTerminal

RBS end 2006Estimate

Reduction of ”operator” per subscriberSite material

important


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



4. LCSEA (Stressor-Effect Assessment)

Resource Depletion, Raw Materials RDmat kg (RDF50) Resource Depletion, Energy RDerg kg Oil-eqv. Climate Change CC kg CO2-eqv. Acidification of Natural Ecosystems ACid kg SO2-eqv. Terrestrial Eutrophication TerrEtr kg N-tot.-eqv. Aquatic Eutrophication AqEtr kg N-tot.-eqv. Photochemical Ozone Generation - Human impact

POGhum kg NO2-eqv.

Photochemical Ozone Generation - Vegetation impact

POGveg kg NO2-eqv.

Human Toxicity HumTox kg PM-10-eqv. Ecosystem Toxicity EcoTox m3 soil and water Stratospheric Ozone Depletion StratO3 kg CFC-11-eqv. Physical Disruption of Land LandUse m2*year

Seven regions studied: Sweden, UK, EU, Japan, US average, US Texas and Taiwan.A unique ECF (Environmental Characterization Factor) is calculated for each region and each environmental impact category:

..a World average is also calculated for each environmental impact category.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



5. LCA Result Interpretation3 views

Global, Branches & Ericsson


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Energy, Material, LandTelecom’s share - Global

Energy Material LandCO2-eqv. resources use

World Telecom 0.4% 0.05% 0.2% (50ppm)

+3G (LCA, 50%)* 0.2% 0.03% 0.1% (20ppm)

Total telecom revenues = 1 500 billion $, 4% compared toWorld GDP (at 36 000 billion $). Operators = 1 100 billion $.*) Add on scenario of 50% penetration = 3,2 billion subscribers

User equipmentFixed CablesAntenna towers

User equipmentFixed CablesAntenna towers

Energy (CO2)…Phone booksNode sites

Energy (CO2)…Phone booksNode sites

According to WWF analysisFossil energy ”biological footprint”

Ericsson originalLCA results in ppm


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



$, kWh and CO2 Overview

Figures on a global scale Users 2000[millions]

Revenue/GDP[A]

Energy CO2-eqv.

[B]

Indicator[B/A]

Wireless telecom 2 600 1.5% 0.12% 0.08% 0.05

Other telecom 1 300 (Fixed)160 (BB)

2.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.08

ICT (excl. telecom) 1 000 (PCs) 3% 0.9-1.5% 0.6-1% 0.2-0.33

Entertainment & Media 1 500 (TVs) 5% 2.5-3% 1.7-2% 0.34-0.4

Travel & Transports(pkm & tonkm)

650 (cars)2 000 (air pass.)

11% 23% 20% 1.8

Buildings (m2) # 20% 47% 35% 1.75

Food & Drink 6 500 (…) 10% 10% 20% 2

Banking, Insurance & Finance

# 14% 0.2% 0.15% 0.01


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Ericsson View: Use Phase CO2Produced products 2006 and life time in operation = 10 years, unless otherwise stated

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

GSM RBS WCDMARBS

Mini-link AXE + CPP Mobileplatforms

BB Access PBXs Otherproducts

Mton CO2

Ericsson ”direct”CO2: 0,8 Mton

transports,sites, travel

Ericsson total use phase CO2 2006: 21,5 MtonReduction for 2006 (WCDMA + GSM): -2,2 Mton CO2 (-10%)

(3 yrs.)

15 yrs.

Supply chainCO2: ~4 Mtonraw materials,manufacturing

Other life cyclephases for

comparison,Ericsson total

Refers to manufacturingof chip sets and not use

-7%, Grey bar = Scenario: same productionvolumes but with only the older product generation.

-27%

Dotted line = whole terminal

For each typical product: annual volume * typical electricity consumption* est. life time (10 yrs. = 87660 h) * 0.6 kg CO2/kWh


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



5. LCA Result InterpretationCO2 – Use Phase

= Energy

5 examples.ICT, Telecom & BB


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Fixed & Wireless kWh/sub, line

Operator overview Fixed

kWh/lineyear

Wireless

kWh/subyear

Telecom Italia 31 7

Telefonica 33 9

NTT ~651 ~341

Verizon ~552 ~352

Vodafone - 15

DT ~322 ~112

Telia (SWE) 48 16

1) Offices included in original figure have been withdrawn by -15% (based on other operators)2) Besides offices, a split between wireless and fixed have also been made based on subscriber averages


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



ICT/Broadband “Energy Map” W/subW / Heavy User. Based on US figures.

BB Access: (+)2.6 W[/line]Home network: 11 W

PC: 28 W

Transport: 8 W[4W/PC] ”The Net”: 20 W

LANs, Intranets,Internet

[10W/PC]

PC: 28 W

1 PC at home, 1 at the office (Trp & “Net” impact)A worst case scenario but with average use figures2006, there was 1 000 million PCs, 160 million broadbandconnections and LAN-PCs is estimated to about 200 million

TOTAL: 97.6 W = 855 kWh, equal to 55% of an oil barrel per year… or 425 kg CO2 / year


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Telecom & ICT ”Energy Map”W/Average User

GSM RAN: 2 Wincl. Mobile Core

[/subscriber]

WCDMA RAN: ~4 Wincl. Mobile Core

[/subscriber]

Ordinary Fixed: 4.5 W[/line]

BB Access: (+)2.6 W[/line]

PBX: 1.1 W[/line]

Home network: 11 W

PC: 28 W

Mobile phone: 2.6 W

Transport: 1 W[/(line+subs)] ”The Net”: 10 W

LANs, Intranets,Internet

[10W/PC]

”Wireless” phone: 5 W(IP-phone: ~4 W)

”Old Analog”: 0.2 W

PC: 28 W

Manufacturing

Operation

At home At the Operator At the office

User Equipment Access Network Transport Network ”The Net” Work PC


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Study of Broadband in Japan

Approx. 275 kWh operation electricity per BAP and year (Broadband Access Point)

Equal to 2% of electricity in Japan, equal to 0,7% of energy (2005, 10 MBAP)

200 kg CO2 per BAPyear Modem+network always on... The PC in the study are ”the

internet part of a PC” (?) Operator’s activities also

included (offices)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

PC Modem Network

Production

Operation

?

% CO2-equivalents

Two other studies of ”the Internet” in the US give resultsof total energy consumption of about 2-3% of US total.

Two other studies of ”the Internet” in the US give resultsof total energy consumption of about 2-3% of US total.

BB operation fraction


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



PSTN Energy Map (based on LCA)

Business Activities Total1996

/subscriber1996

/subscriber2005

Manufacturing of equipment 90 GWh 12 kWh >-90%

Telestations, electricity 350 GWh 46 kWh -3%

Service cars, petrol 210 GWh 28 kWh -50%

Offices, electricity 150 GWh 20 kWh -70%

District heating and fuels in offices 100 GWh 13 kWh -70%

Business travel 70 GWh 9 kWh -50%

Paper production (phone books) 60 GWh 8 kWh -

Total 1030 GWh 136 kWh -45%

Energy Consumption


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



CO2, Energy & Mtrl Reduction over time

3 examples


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



PSTN Energy (based on LCA)

Energy Consumption

Total1996

/subscriber1996

/subscriber2005

Total, all parts of business 1030 GWh 136 kWh -45%


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



LTE?

Total CO2 Wireless EvolutionCO2 / subscriber and year, based on LCA results

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

1st generationmobile systemsNMT, AMPS

2nd generationD-AMPS, GSM (90 kg)

RBS 884/2000(45 kg)

100 kg CO2 /subscriber

and year

GSM Hi-cap RBS(33 kg)

First 3G systems (55 kg)New 3G system (37 kg)

New GSM (25 kg)- “full” traffic model

Terminalbreakpoint?(> RBS?)

25 kg CO2 equalsdriving 125 km -

“~1 hour on the motorway”,or 45 kWh global electricity

(LCA: 600 g/kWh)

50

200

3G 2006 est. (29,5 kg)


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Less material and energy per function, Switching Center (MSC)

200218000 E

19986000 E

19922400 E

200632000 E

Typical 500 W / cabinet

Typical 1000 W / cabinet


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



LCA Findings Extensive database with a number of models/studies Manufacturing of electronics

– ICs and PCBs needs a lot of energy and chemicals during production (don’t let their low weight share fool you)

Cooling need - for our products in use and in offices Transports & Travel Building ”overhead” (Offices, ”Malls”, Warehouses)

– These buildings has not gone through the same dematerialization process as our products

Mobile terminals and PCs– It’s not the use phase, rather the manufacturing phase that

require most of the energy. One important reason is of course the short commercial lifetime.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



LCA and the Future

Conduct a full scale LCA of broadband, with particular emphasis of total energy consumption.

Operator cooperation imperative Update the fixed and wireless studies with new models

and data In the end, study ICT’s impact on society now and

potential impact in the future, on a per service base


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Content

LCA, Telecom systems Life Cycle Assessment– LCA method– Fixed & Mobil NW results– Way Forward – upcoming LCA on Fixed NW

Power Consumption and Efficiency of Telecom Equipment– Code of Conduct versus standardization. – ETSI EE/EEPS contributions. Power efficiency as a base for

benchmarking of performance & improvements.DSL efficiency figures – based on simulations.

– Example. Traffic and site models applied to EC CoC DSL equipment power targets. Operator and Subscriber Power costs.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



EC Code of Conduct, Ericsson view

EC initiative, Code of Conduct for BB equipment.– EC view - Pace of industry driven improvements too slow– Non transparent process.– Measurement conditions to be defined.– Proving compliance to CoC is demanding – much more than technical

compliance like reporting, supporting initiatives etc– Relation to other EC initiatives like EUP - unclear

ETSI standardization– Democratic process – open to all parties– Technical competence and experience as needed to provide accurate

specifications. Taking end-to-end considerations into account.– Speed is an issue – but aggressive time plan for the Broadband power

consumption TS.– Compliance process is efficient.

Ericsson view:– Recommending ETSI standardization. Ericsson will contribute to ETSI

EE/EEPS WI’s – for an early and accurate standard.– Ericsson will comply to operator requirements, EC CoC as well as ETSI

standards.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Energy EfficiencyStandardization

ETSI proposals Energy efficiency modelling

– Reference models, interfaces– Operational conditions, traffic models and energy efficiency– Energy eff. Examples DSL – simulated values

Example BB– Estimated traffic models, operational modes– Using models on CoC BB target figures.– Substantial savings if low power modes were operational.

Way Forward


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt




ETSI proposals Energy efficiency modelling

– Reference models, interfaces– Operational conditions, traffic models and energy efficiency– Energy eff. Examples DSL – simulated values

Example BB– Estimated traffic models, operational modes– Using models on CoC BB target figures.– Substantial savings if low power modes were operational.

Way Forward


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



ETSI proposals TR BB power consumption

Need to compare different products on fair grounds – base for bench-marking

Move from power consumption to energy efficiency A number of terms and models proposed

– Define the ”useful output”. Distance and bitrate important factors.

Example: Bitrate [Mbps] x distance [km]– Define consumption

Equipment/site reference models. Site view based consumption Climate models Traffic/User models

– Energy efficiency proposal:NPC: Normalized Power Consumption – per subscriber line:

NPC: Avg Power Consumption/Useful Output

[mW/Mbps*km]. Typical best value: 40 - 50.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Power Efficiency model, Telecom NW

FieldData

NWEnergyEfficiencyModel

Node A

Node B # 1

Network model

Node B # N

. .

Traffic Model

Useful Entity

Climate Model

Site Model

Product Data - Equipment

ACInput

~

”UsefulOutput”


50 pt


LineInput /OutputSignal

Split-ter

Recti-fier

ClimateUnit POTS

/ISDN

DSLAM...

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.Battery

ACInput

-48V

AC1 AC2 DC2 DC3

DSLAM Site

DC1

3pp/Aux Eq

Site factor DC3 to AC1: 1,7 (Rectifier& Climate AC part)

Enclosure


50 pt

Slide subtitle 32 pt Out-

putSignal

Recti-fier

ClimateUnit

RadioBase

Station

.

.

.

BatteryACInput

-48V

AC1 AC2 DC1 DC2

Enclosure

RF1 RF2

FeederCable

An-tenna

DC3

3pp/Aux Eq

RBS Site

Site factor DC3 to AC1: 1,6 (Rectifier& Climate AC part)


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



DSLAM Performance / Energy Efficiency

Tier2 VDSL2+,DSLAM line performance

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

Distance km

Mb

ps

1,15

1,20

1,25

1,30

1,35

1,40

1,45

1,50

1,55

Po

wer

Co

nsu

mp

tio

n

W

DS Mbps US Mbps Power Consumption

Tier2 VDSL2+,DSLAM line performance

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

80,00

0,20 0,40 0,60 0,80 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00

Distance km

Mb

ps

0102030405060708090100

NP

C m

W/M

bp

s*km

Total Mbps NPC mW/Mbps*km

Tier1 ADSL2+ DSLAM line performance

0,002,004,006,008,00

10,0012,0014,0016,0018,0020,00

0,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,505,00

Distance km

Mb

ps

1,15

1,20

1,25

1,30

1,35

1,40

1,45

1,50

1,55

Po

wer

Co

nsu

mp

ion

W

DS Mbps US Mbps Power Consumption

Tier1 ADSL2+ DSLAM line performance

0,00

5,00

10,00

15,00

20,00

25,00

0,50 1,00 1,50 2,00 2,50 3,00 3,50 4,00 4,50 5,00

Distance km

Mb

ps

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

NP

C m

W/M

bp

s*km

Total Mbps NPC mW/Mbps*km

Bitrate UL/DL /Power cons

Bitrate UL+DL/NPC

VDSL2+T2

ADSL2+T1


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt




ETSI proposals

Energy efficiency modelling– Reference models, interfaces– Operational conditions, traffic models and energy efficiency– Energy eff. Examples DSL – simulated values

Example BB– Estimated traffic models, operational modes– Reference models for NW Site AC consumption.– CoC target figures used– Using traffic models on CoC target to estimate savings.

Substantial savings on L0 mode power reduction. ? Additional, substantial savings if low power modes were

operational.

Way Forward


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



DSLAM Operational Modes & user traffic models

L0

L2

L3

User type L0 time/Day L2 time/Day L3 time/Day

Private DSL 1hr 1hr 22hr

Private 3-play & SOHO

6hr 2hr 16hr

Average user 3,5hr 1,5hr 19hr

< 5 mininterrupt

5 - 30 mininterrupt

> 30 min interrupt

Today

Stair- Way Forward?


50 pt


LineInput /OutputSignal

Split-ter

Recti-fier

ClimateUnit POTS

/ISDN

DSLAM...

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.Battery

ACInput

-48V

AC1 AC2 DC2

DSLAM Site

DC1

3pp/Aux Eq

Site factor from DC3 to AC1: 1,7 (Rectifier& AC Climate)

Enclosure

EC CoC Power Req

DC3


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



DSL-Modem Operational Modes & user traffic models

ON

Std By

OFF

User type ON, time/Day Std By, time/Day OFF

Private DSL 2hr 22hr 0hr

Private 3-play & SOHO

8hr 16hr 0hr

Average user 5hr 19hr 0hr

Transition

< 30 mininterrupt

> 30 min interrupt

Manual

Today

Stair- Way Forward?


50 pt

Slide subtitle 32 pt Line

Input /OutputSignal

Split-ter

Recti-fier

Phone

DSL-Modem

ACInput

DC

Modem – End User

~

EC CoCReq’s


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



EC CoCPower Consumption Target Values, 0607 Rev.

DSL Modem AC power

Tier 1. 2007 Tier 2. 2008

Mode Off On Off Standby On

ADSL 0,3W 6W 0,3W 2W 4W

VDSL 0,3W 8W 0,3W 2W 6W

DSLAM – 48V power. (X Site factor – for SIte AC power)

Tier 1. 2007 Tier 2. 2008

Mode L0 L2 L3 L0 L2 L3

ADSL2+ 1,5W 1,1W 0,9W 1.1W 0,8W 0,4W

VDSL2 2,75W - - 1,5W 1,2W 0,8W


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



DSLAM Site AC costsAverage traffic model. L0 only and L0-L3 modes.

00,5

11,5

22,5

33,5

44,5

ADSLTier1

ADSLTier2

VDSLTier1

VDSLTier2

L0 only

L0-L3

Euro/Sub, Y

9kWh/Euro


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



DSL-Modem AC costsAverage traffic modelOn only and ON/StdBy modes

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

ADSLTier1

ADSLTier2

VDSLTier1

VDSLTier2

ON only

StdBy/ON

Euro/Sub, Y

9kWh/Euro


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Way Forward Move on - reducing power consumption of BB equipment at L0

modes. Provide an ETSI Specification/Standard. However - L2-L3 CoC specs has no impact today!

– DSLAM L2-L3 and Modem Stand By not operative. Make DSLAM L2-L3 and Modem StdBy modes operative. Do what

is needed – Field testing, disturbance simulations and measurements, – Standardization– Implementation

Improve power consumption operational models– include site models, traffic models adding low power mode power

impact - when the modes are operational(Ev nämna stör-studier som finns/föreslagits av operatörer)

Your feedback? I appreciate your comments.


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt




Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



ResMat

ResErg

CC (GWP)

ACid

POGhum

POGveg

AqEutr.

TerrEutr.

HumTox

EcoTox

StratO3

LandUse

0% 100%

Raw materials - EoLT

Manuf.

Operator

Operation

0% 1%of total impact (per capita) 100%

No data available (no world average) – 0,011%

No data available (no world average) – 0,15%

0,54%

0,39%

0,072%

0,18%

0,42%

0,35%

0,060%

0,55%

0,00046%

0,0032%

2005 Relative Results / Normalization

World EoLT-

Scenario

EoLT and Supply Chain aspects most uncertain


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Materials, Energy and GDP

0,00

1,00

2,00

3,00

4,00

5,00

6,00

1935 1970 2005

Food (ton/capita)

Materials (ton/capita)

Energy (toe/capita)

GDP (k$/capita)

World 2005 compared to 1935: Food production x4, Material production x8, Energy production x10.5, GDP x14.5Population x3 (2.2 6.5 billion people)

Materials where slowly decoupled from GDP growth in the late 60’s and energy in the mid 70’s

Change 1935-2005 (/capita):Food: +35%Materials: +170%Energy: +250%GDP: +400%

We need an energy consumptionreduction as strong as this (or evenstronger), or a complete new energysystem...

We need an energy consumptionreduction as strong as this (or evenstronger), or a complete new energysystem...


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



$, kWh and CO2 OverviewRevenue % Energy % CO2 % of CO 2 % /

of world GDP world total world total Revenue %Wireless telecom ~2 0,12 0,1 0,05Telecom (incl. wireless) 4 0,5 0,4 0,1ICT (incl. telecom) 7 2 1,6 0,2ICT + Entertainment & Media 12 5 4 0,3Light vehicles 7 12,6 14 2,0Air Travel 1,25 2,3 3 (~4,5*) 2,4Other transportation 1,6 6 7 4,4Energy 11 >95 ~90 (~75*) 8,6Raw materials 10 ~15 ~15 (~19*) 1,5Buildings (non-production) ~20 ~55 ~50 2,5Banking, Insurance & Finance 14 0,2 0,2 0,014Semiconductors 0,7 0,1 0,1 (~0,2*) 0,15Food 8 ~10 ~10 (~20*) >1,25Alcohol, tobacco, drugs+... 3 ~0,1 ~0,1 <0,03

1) PSTN and broadband consumes much more energy then wireless.2) PCs, Internet & datacom + office equipment consumes much more then ”just telecom”.3) TV and physical media (distribution & production of ”paper products”, CDs, DVDs) consumes even more then ”just ICT”.4) About 50% of Buildings energy / direct CO2 comes from households, making households share to about 25%.*) Air travel, raw materials, semiconductors and food production have their indirect GHG emissions (e.g. CH 4, NOX) figure in paranthesis. Because of this, all figures becomes a little bit lower, but only energy is recalculated.

1

2

3

(Revenue and GDP can be comparedbut are not ”the same thing”)


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Telecom/ICT and ”the Watt’s”

GSM RBS0.8 - 1.8 - 3 W

WCDMA RBS1.6 - 2.5 - 10 W

Mobile core network0.2 W

Mobile terminal0.25 - 0.6 - 2.5 W

Laptop / PDAB% of 1 - 100 W

PSTN phone(s)0 - 5 W

Core network / Transport network1 W (Telia SWE)

PBX0.5 – 1.1 W

PBX terminal0 - 1 - 3 W

Telestation4.5 W (Telia SWE)

PSTN, ISDN & BB (xDSL, Fiber)

PC / LaptopA% of 30 - 300 W

Home network5 - 9 - 20 W

LAN / Intranet ”Internet” / Data centers# W + Z% of 5.4 W

Can be distributedaccording to traffic volume

US studies: 42 W ICT total electricity or ”embodied energy” = 50 liter oil / year (includes manufacturing)

-9W-(both)

28 W

2 W


Slide title 40 pt


Text 24 pt



Direct CO2 - ”Employee View”

Ericsson total CO2

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

200520042003200220012000

kg/e

mp

loye

e Car travel

Air travel

Sites: Electricity

Sites: Other energy

Transports

Ericsson total CO2

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

200520042003200220012000

kg/e

mp

loye

e Car travel

Air travel

Sites: Electricity

Sites: Other energy

With transports I/O Greater product

volumes Fewer final

assembly sites Outsourcing

Fewer manufacturing sites (outsourcing)

Less air travel! Car travel includes

commuting Electronic equipment

future candidate (manuf.)

= Ericsson ”direct”-bar(from slide before)

Documents

Slide title In CAPITALS 50 pt Slide subtitle 32 pt ETNO Paris 2006-12-14 Telecom NW Power Consumption Tomas Edler Business Unit Access Ericsson AB [email protected]