JR

00 SUSAN N. JOHNSON-ROEHRP.O. BOX 1603, BLOOMINGTON, IN, 47402-1603PHONE: (812) 360-4896 • E-MAIL: SNJR@SNJR.NET

EDUCATIONPH.D. ARCHITECTURE, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 2011M.A. HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, 1997M.A. ART HISTORY, UNIVERSITY OF OREGON, 1994B.A. ART HISTORY, WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, 1991B.A. RUSSIAN, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, 1989A.A.S. DESIGN TECHNOLOGY, IVY TECH COMMUNITY COLLEGE, 2004

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYINFORMATION MANAGEMENT ASSISTANT, USDA FOREST SERVICE, 2003ELECTRONIC RESOURCES COORDINATOR, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 2000-2002SYSTEMS SPECIALIST, INDIANA UNIVERSITY, 1998-2000CUSTOMER SERVICE REPRESENTATIVE, SYMANTEC SOFTWARE, 1995

HISTORY, PRESERVATION & DESIGNRESEARCH FELLOW, RUTGERS CENTER FOR HISTORICAL ANALYSIS, 2012-2013 Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow in “Networks of Exchange” working group, with researchfocused on the design and construction of astro- nomical observatories in India, United Kingdom.VISITING LECTURER, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 2011-2012 Full-time faculty in the School of Architecture, History and Preserva- tion Division. Courses taught: Modern Architecture (c. 1860-1990), 20th-Century American Architecture, Architecture & Science, History of South Asian Cities.EDITING ASSISTANT, UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS, 2006 Worked on edited collection (P. Pyla, ed., Landscapes of Develop- ment: The Impact of Modernization Discourses on the Physical Envi- ronment of the Eastern Mediterranean. Harvard U Press, 2012.DESIGN ASSISTANT, LOUIS JOYNER, ARCHITECT, COLUMBUS, IN, 2004-2005 Projects included: measured drawings and written description of a former school; renovation of a historic storefront to accommodate a children’s museum; design development of church rectory, private residences, and emergency medical clinic; redemise and renovation of commercial spaces; organization of sample library.CONSULTANT, BLOOMINGTON RESTORATIONS, 2002-2004, 2010-PRESENT Construction management for historic preservation/affordable housing progran; surveyed properties; produced measured drawings, specifications, and contract documents; IT support; historical research in local history archives.ADJUNCT FACULTY, DESIGN TECHNOLOGY, IVY TECH STATE COLLEGE, 2002-2003 Taught Architectural Layout, Construction Materials and Specifications, introductory and intermediate levels; introduced students to computer-aided drafting, model building, project manu- als, construction drawings, and residential construction methods.

PUBLICATIONS“Centering the Charbagh: The Mughal Garden as Design Module for the Jaipur City Plan,” Journal for the Society of Architectural Historians 17, no. 2 (March 2013): forthcoming.“The Archaeological Survey of India and Communal Violence in Post- Independence India,” International Journal of Heritage Studies 14, no. 6 (2008): 506-23“Commodification and Spectacle in Architecture,” PAST 32 (2009), 137-140 (book beview)“The Middle Class City: Transforming Space and Time in Philadelphia 1876- 1926,” Material Culture 39, No. 2 (2007), 79-82 (book review)“William Henry Jackson: Framing the Frontier,” Annals of Wyoming 72, no. 2 (2000), 40-1 (book review)

01TABLE OF CONTENTS

HISTORIC PRESERVATION 902 & 904 W. SEVENTH STREET 934 W. SIXTH STREET 405 N. OAK STREET 1200 S. STULL STREET

CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS ELSTON HAMILTON HOUSE KIDSCOMMONS

DISSERTATION INTRAMURALITY SPECTACLE AND POWER INSTITUTIONS IN THE LOCAL LANDSCAPE EXTRAMURAL PASSAGES

PHOTOGRAPHY ABANDON IN PLACE (COURAGE) NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORY AESTHETIC HYBRIDITY POLITICAL HYBRIDITY WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

02030405

0608

12131415

1617181920

02 BLOOMINGTON RESTORATIONS, INC.A non-profit organization dedicated to rescuing historic build-ings in Bloomington and Monroe County, Indiana, Bloomington Restorations, Inc. (BRI) provides affordable housing in historic neighborhoods. The organization was founded in 1976 in re-sponse to the threatened demolition of properties in the historic North Walnut Street area of Bloomington. From its inception, BRI has worked to secure funding sources for local historic preserva-tion projects, and much of its success during the past thirty-five years comes from the organization’s ability to marshal local, state, and federal funds for its preservation initiatives. City grants, together with loans from Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, allowed for the establishment of a revolving grant fund that helps BRI purchase, restore, and re-sell endangered properties. Much of the hands-on work (research, registering of historic properties, publicity, and designing) is done by volun-teers working together with local contractors and vendors.

902 & 904 W. SEVENTH STREETThe gabeled-ell at 902 W. Sixth Street and the shot-gun at 904 W. Seventh Street were renovated together. The shot-gun once func-tioned as a neighborhood store. It was unsuitable for habitation at the time of renovation, with rotted and missing floorboards and exposed wiring. The attic, which originally was used to store dry goods, was converted into a sleeping loft accessed via a spiral staircase. The kitchen was a later addition to the house and the remodel retained the exterior siding on the south wall of that room. The house at 902 W. Seventh required less work, most of which was focused on the removal of an illegal exterior staircase and the fittings for apartments on the second floor.

03934 W. SIXTH STREETThe siding of this corner-lot Queen Anne cottage was severely water-damaged. The original sawdust insulation was saturated and had degraded over time. During renovation, the cottage was stripped back to the studs on the interior. Approximately 60% of the wood siding was replaced on the exterior. New windows were installed and a new rear entrance and utility room were constructed to replace a dilapi-dated lean-to porch.

04 405 N. OAK STREETThis limestone-clad single-story residence was relocated to N. Oak Street to save it from demolition. Structurally, the house was sound but a new hipped roof was installed and the chimney reset after relocation. The house originally had a basement, the stairway to which opened off the central hall. The new founda-tion provided clearance for a crawl space only, so BRI recovered the former stairwell and transformed it into a laundry area and closet. To minimize expenses, the bathtub was salvaged; other-wise, new features were installed in the bathroom and kitchen. Much of the structure’s historic detailing—front porch supports, interior moldings, tongue-and-groove flooring—was salvaged, restored, and reinstalled as appropriate. The building envelope was sealed, the crawlspace and attic were insulated, new plumb-ing, electrical, and mechanical systems were installed.

051200 S. STULL STREETThis house once stood just south of the Indiana University cam-pus on N. Dunn Street. Built as a private residence, the structure functioned as an office building before being vacated and board-ed up by the university. BRI purchased the building at auction with the understanding that it would be relocated to a different lot. After surveying the house and preparing initial renovation plans, BRI contracted with MCF House Movers to transport the house to a neighborhood with houses of a similar scale and style. The move required the demolition of the gable roof before transferring the main structure to the towing system. At the new site, the house was placed on a concrete block foundation. The original rusticated limestone entrance steps were retained and reset; the block foundation was treated to match at the street facade. BRI replaced all roofing matieral to meet current building code requirements. The rhythm of the new rafters echoes that of the original roof.

06

07ELSTON HAMILTON HOUSE3660 Woodhouse Place, Columbus, INThe design and construction of an observatory for an 8-inch telescope complicated the site plan for the Elston Hamilton project. The location of the observa-tory was constrained by sight lines to open sky, the routing of data cables for the astrophotography program used to operate the telescope remotely,

and the location of the family lap pool. Louis Joyner, Architect, worked with Home-Dome to design a substructure capable of supporting a dome with integrated robotics, and with Astro Pier to produce a vibration dampening system for a permanent telescope mount.

08 KIDSCOMMONS CHILDREN’S MUSEUM309 Washington Street, Columbus, INThe firm of Louis Joyner, Architect, was involved in this community adaptive reuse project from its inception. Housed in a former J.C. Penney building, Kids-commons has exhibits on three floors, all accessible by ramp or elevator. The interactive exhibits were designed to accommodate children ranging in age from infant to fourteen years.

BUBBLE ROOMThe “Bubbl-ology” room was designed as a contained space with surfaces impervi-ous to water and soap. A stainless steel countertop installed at a height appro-priate for grade-school aged children and epoxy wall finishes aid the museum staff in water stain prevention. Plastic laminate countertops in the wash-up area were introduced as a cost-saving measure. The underflooring was sloped to a central drainage point and speci-fied with a gritted epoxy surface (later replaced with low pile carpet). The vinyl wall decorations echo the color scheme used in the museum’s logo and wipe clean with a damp cloth. The overhead light fixtures repeat the circular motif. Birch wall caps visually link the bubble room to other programmed areas on the second and third floors of the museum.

09FIRST FLOOR FINISH PLANThe client requested finish treatments that incorporated a variety of colors and textures but avoided the use of solid primary colors. The initial finish schedule was inspired by programming concerns. High traffic, high spill areas were prime candidates for vinyl composition tile, while high traffic, low spill areas were treated with carpet. A durable cork floor was proposed for “Our House,” a collaborative exhibit highlighting Japanese culture. A second collabo-ration with the exhibit design team from the Cincinnati Museum Center produced the Children’s Garden, a permanent exhibt in which finish treatments were used to mimic natural surfaces (grass, moss, water, etc.). The entry was treated with earth-toned tiles to harmonize with a “kid-sized” wood block door.

TILETILE

CPT 1

TILE

RES 1

VCT 3

VCT 1 (70%)VCT 2 (10%)VCT 3 (10%) VCT 4 (10%)

CK 1

CPT 1

CK 1CPT 2

CPT 2

CPT 2CPT 2

RES 2

RES 1

RES 1

RES 2

RES 4RISERS

RES 5LANDING

RES 3TREADS

VCT 1

VCT 5

VCT 3

CPT 1

VCT 3

VCT 2

VCT 1

VCT 3

VCT 1VCT 4CPT 1

RES 1 VCT 1

VCT 1

VCT 1VCT 1

CLIMBING WALLThe 17-foot climbing wall on the second floor of the museum was designed by the firm of Entre Prises, Bend, Oregon, to resemble the facade of Kidscommons. The facade replica was meant to draw the attention of children to the shape and appearance of local architecture (a rejected design mimicked the county courthouse) and to give museum patrons a “hands-on” experience with the museum building. The climbing experience is echoed on the actual facade of the build-ing in the form of painted steel figures climbing above the entry awning. Before installation, the firm of Louis Joyner, Architect, designed the floor-to-ceiling support system to which the wall was then attached. This exhibit was designed to be suitable for all ages, infant through adult.

10

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12

Ajmer-Agra Road

Chandpol BazarTripolia

Bazar

Nahagarh

Fort

Talkatora

City Palace

Observatory

BadiChaupar

Surajpol Bazar

CharanM

andir

Am

erFort

JaigarhFort

Amer Road

Gangapol

Chaukari

Man Sagar

Suraj Pol

Chand Pol

Galtaji

Maotha

Lake

VidhyadharjiBagh

Dhruv

Pol

Brahmapuri

Ghat Darwaza

Shiv Pol(Sanganeri Gate)

Kishan Pol

Naya Gate

KanakVrindavanG

ardens

Jal Mahal

SisodiaRani ka Bagh

Amer-Sanganer Road

Susan Johnson-Roehr

N

INTRAMURALITYIt is one thing to declare that all knowledge is locally situated (turning locality into a universal condition) and another to produce a methodol-ogy that takes into account the particularities of a single urban landscape. We need a theoretical tool that allows us to demonstrate not just that spatiality matters, but that specific landscape configurations create and mobilize a specific, contingent knowledge. Although observatories at Jaipur and Delhi produced congruous results, they occupied divergent geographies that resulted in different construction, labor, and science prac-tices. This notion of specificity disappears in discussions centered on the “universal local,” but in deploying a vocabulary much more reflective of the built environment of the walled city of Jaipur, we can counteract that threat of loss.

“Intramurality” adds texture to these urban simplifications and draws attention to the actual boundaries raised by the architecture that simul-taneously prohibited and enabled the movement of knowledge. These demarcations are numer-ous: the mud brick walls of the observatory, the numerous masonry walls of the City Palace and its multitude of chowks (courtyards), the stone city walls of Jaipur, and the fortified walls and ramparts extending between Amer and Jaipur. The intramural simultaneously gestures to a contained and bound knowledge, available or comprehensible only to a privileged few, and to all that which stands outside the wall, hovering in a region of ambiguity, poised for departure. Moreover, it speaks to the dissolution of the divi-sion between interior and exterior, as the built environment of Jaipur sends up multiple signals, most of which indicate that Sawai Jai Singh planned for a certain permeability of the city.

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aces

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f the

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ents

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he go

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nd th

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mer. W

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e no

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wing

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n Saw

ai Ja

i Sing

h mad

e th

e twi

sting

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ney f

rom

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e obs

erva

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ry, bu

t eac

h trip

was

prob

ably

well-

note

d and

clo

sely

watch

ed by

the k

ing’s

subje

cts. T

he sl

ow

move

ment

of th

e king

’s pr

oces

sion s

outh

to Ja

i-pu

r fun

ction

ed as

a po

litica

l spe

ctacle

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viding

am

ple op

portu

nity f

or th

e con

temp

lation

of th

e kin

g’s po

wer a

gains

t a ba

ckdr

op of

a lan

dsca

pe

shap

ed ac

cord

ing to

his d

esire

s. Th

e pag

eant

ry

of re

sour

ces i

nher

ent i

n the

roya

l ret

inue m

ade

a pow

erfu

l ass

ertio

n abo

ut th

e stre

ngth

of th

e ru

ler; t

o com

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t with

evide

nce o

f Saw

ai Ja

i Sing

h’s ab

ility t

o man

ipulat

e and

man

age

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pace

s of a

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ust h

ave m

ade t

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ment

of co

ntro

l eve

n mor

e emp

hatic

. And

no

wher

e was

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i Jai

Singh

mor

e cap

able

of

activ

ating

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aten

t pow

er of

the l

ands

cape

with

his p

rese

nce i

n this

man

ner t

han i

n the

sp

aces

betw

een t

he pa

lace a

t Ame

r and

the

Dhru

v Pol

of Ja

ipur. A

vita

l com

pone

nt of

the

new

urba

n dev

elopm

ent p

rojec

t, th

e Man

Saga

r em

bank

ment

, alon

g with

the l

inger

ing pa

rticip

a-tio

n of A

mer i

n this

mod

el, cr

eate

d a co

mplic

ated

loc

al ne

twor

k of t

rans

fer a

nd ex

chan

ge. T

he

intra

mura

l was

enca

psula

ted n

ot si

mply

by th

e wa

lls of

the o

bser

vato

ry, pa

lace,

and c

ity, b

ut by

th

e wall

s sur

roun

ding a

nd di

viding

the s

tate

of

Amer,

mos

t of w

hich p

re-d

ated

Sawa

i Jai

Singh

’s te

nure

on th

e cus

hion t

hron

e of A

mer a

nd Ja

ipur.

13AM

ER-JA

IPUR

TRAN

SPOR

TATIO

N CO

RRID

OR

14 NSusan Johnson-Roehr

Jaleb Chowk

Govinddevji

Temple

Diw

an-i Am

Chandra Mahal

Observatory

SirehD

eodhiD

arwaza

Naqqar

Khana

SIREH DEODHI BAZAAR

TRIPOLIA BAZAAR

Tripolia Gate

INSTITUTIONS IN THE LOCAL LANDSAPEThe Jaleb Chowk served as an intermediary between the privileged political spaces of court and the more scientific space of the observatory. The karkhanas dispersed around the perimeter of the courtyard enabled the production of purely scientific knowledge (the authoring of astronomical treatises and compila-tion of astronomical observations and interpreta-tions). The creation of this knowledge drew on the resources of multiple karkhanas, forcing them to work in concert. Between the king, the chowk, the karkhanas, and the observatory developed a complex but strictly organized relationship of trade, communi-cation, and movement, one cemented on a daily basis as the king passed through the productive spaces of the City Palace on his way to the observatory.

JAIPUR CITY PALACE COMPLEX

Susan Johnson-Roehr

Augrangabad

Gaya

Varanasi

Rajshahi

Kolkata(Calcutta)

Allahabad

Jaipur

Kota

Indore

Bhopal

Bundi

Gwalior

DatiaJhansi

Jabalpur

Shahjahanabad

Farid

abad

Chhata Serai

Palwal

Aligarh

Mathura

AgraGaughat

Firoza

bad

Shikohabad

Etah

ParasaoliNaella

Alwar DigBalodar

Ujjain

Jasw

antnagar

Etawah

Ajitmal

Sikandra

Kora

Jahanabad

Kajua

Fatehpur

Shahjadpur

Saidabad

Sarai Jagadish

Saidraja

Mohania

Jahanabad

Sasaram

Dehri Ghat

Sham

sher

naga

r

Mah

abal

ipur

Nau

batp

ur

Patna

Bahar

Bariapur

Suraigarha

Munger

Sultanganj

Bhagalpur

Kahalgaon

Sacragalli

Rajmahal

Chandpara

Cassimbazar

Ranchi

GorakhpurLucknow

Biratnagar

Khulna

BANGLADESH

SIKKIM

NEPAL

Uttar Pradesh

Bihar

West BengalJharkhand

Chhattisgarh

Madhya Pradesh

Rajasthan

Haryana

Panjab

Uttaranchal

HimachalPradesh

EXTRAMURAL PASSAGESSawai Jai Singh reached out to Jesuits in Bengal to circumvent the French colonial government and eliminate communication delays between India and Europe. However, three years passed between the date of Sawai Jai Singh’s invitation and the arrival of the Jesuits in Jaipur. The

journey from Chandernagore to Jaipur was arduous for the priests. During their travels, they-made certain “geographical observations” that were later deemed inadequate by colleagues

but, as reported in the Lettres Édifiantes, “this is all that they [Fathers Boudier and Pons] were permitted to do on this type of uncomfortable trip in this

country, especially when one needed to make it by land, and with their poor health, both had thought that before returning

they would die of disease caused by the hard-ships and the bad water that one is

forced to drink along the way.”

ROUTE OF FATHERS PONS & BOUDIER, C. 1734

15

16

ABANDON IN PLACE (COURAGE), 2011 Launch Complex 34 (LC 34) was the site of the 1967 Apollo 1 fire that claimed the lives of astronauts Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Edward H. White, and Roger B. Chaffee. LC 34 was officially abandoned by NASA in October 1973. In 1984, it was listed as part of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station’s National Historic Landmark District. Aside from the ad-dition of a Historical Site Kiosk and three memorial benches at the edge of the concrete pad, the complex has been abandoned in place per NASA’s 1973 instructions.

17

NATIONAL RADIO ASTRONOMY OBSERVATORYThe orchards of Brewster Flats, Washington, have long served as a stage for the development of space and communication technologies The hills rising behind the small town of Monse have hosted a COMSAT (now U.S. Electrodynamics Comsat Earth Station) dish since 1966. Shown here is the Brewster antenna of the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA), a radio telescope consisting of ten 82-foot receivers. Built in 1986, the VLBA dishes connect via transmission lines to form a massive high-resolution interferometer.

AESTHETIC HYBRIDITYThe chhatri (“umbrella” or “parasol” in Sanskrit, Hindi, and Rajast-hani) functioned as a symbol of power for Indic kings, serving as a metonym for territorial rule, military authority, heroism, and Hindu-ism. Under the Rajputs of northwestern India, the chhatri was devel-oped into an architectural marker, usually associated with permanent funerary monuments of the royal family. The chhatri, together with its symbolic potential, was absorbed into Mughal design culture at least by the era of Akbar (r. 1556-1605). The appearance of the chhatri at the Purana Qila, a fort built by Sher Shah Suri (r. 1540-1545 ) on the ruins of Humayun’s city, Dinpanah, suggests that the form was adopted from Rajasthani architecture even before Akbar deployed it in his imperial fiat city of Fatehpur Sikri.

CHHATRIS, PURANA QILA, DELHI

18

19POLITICAL HYBRIDITYThe jharokha window appears in both Rajasthani and Mughal architecture. The heavy vertical sup-ports, the designs for which were based on indig-enous wood building traditions, raise a stylized dome reminiscent of the chhatri above the window. Together, the dome and supports frame the viewer, emphasizing his separation from and elevation above the crowd. The jharokha windows at Purana Qila demonstrate not only the Mughal ability to absorb aesthetic forms from their Rajput neighbors, but also their practice of adapting religious forms in order to establish their authority over the local population. The daily appearance of the Mughal emperor in the jharokha echoed the familiar Hindu practice of darsana (“sight,” “vision,” or “glimpse” in Sanskrit). Hindu devotees gathered at the temple to receive darsana from their favored deity, a mo-ment usually enacted when the face of a sculpted icon was uncovered to permit visitors to make eye contact with the deity. Although Mughal rulers placed little emphasis on eye contact, they adopted the ceremonial practice of “revealing” oneself to one’s subjects by making regular appearances at the jharokha windows throughout the kingdom.

JHAROKHA, PURANA QILA, DELHI

20WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMSStepwells (baoli) have been used for centuries in the arid regions of India to access water stored in natural aquifers and to free villagers from dependence on seasonal rains. Deep trenches were dug to reach the water table. Masons lined the trenches with stabilizing stones and introduced flights of stairs down the steep slopes to the water. Thousands of these stepwells once dot-ted the landscape of northern Indian, offering not only a means of obtaining fresh water for drinking and cooking, but a place to escape the burning desert heat. Although some wells, such as the Agrasen ki Baoli, remained simple in design, with a single flight of steps leading to the exposed aquifer, many more were developed with spaces dedicated as temples or used for daily life.

AGRASEN KI BAOLI, DELHI, C. 14TH CENTURY

JRAZIM KHAN’S TOMB, LADOO SARAI, DELHI