Social Behavior

Members of the same speciesUsually live full-time in groupsCan refer to predator-prey

interactions

Group Living

Animal society – stable group of individuals of the same species that have cooperative relationships outside of mating and raising young.

Invertebrates and vertebrates

Advantages to Group Life

Protection from predatorsIncrease feeding efficiencyProtection from elementsEasy access to potential mates

Mating Behavior

Disadvantages of Group Life

Competition for resourcesDiseasesParasites

Aggression

Agonistic behaviorAttacksThreat displaysMaintains territoryMaintains dominance hierarchy

Altruism

Individual sacrifices reproductive potential for the benefit of others in the group– Honeybees– Turkeys– Naked mole rats

Kin selection