SP PHOTON DETECTION CONSORTIUM

ETTORE SEGRETO

COLLABORATION CALL

APRIL 17TH, 2020

● The final design of the SP PD will appear very similar to the protoDUNE one:

● Bar shaped modules slided inside the APA frame between wire planes

● Each photon collector module will have approximate linear dimensions of 200 cm x 10 cm

● 10 modules per APA

● Photon Collector based on the X-ARAPUCA

● Light r read-out based on SiPM

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• A new area with 100m2 was added to the laboratory which will be dedicated to assembly, testing and storage.

• The total area of LabLepton is now around 350m2.

ASSEMBLY & TEST AREAASSEMBLY & TEST AREA

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MeetingRoom

StudentRoom

ElectronicRoom

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ASSEMBLY & TEST AREAASSEMBLY & TEST AREA

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SBND modules @ UNICAMP

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SBND modules @ UNICAMP

● We selected one company for producing the mechanical components of the modules up to now (Matool, Campinas)

● Aiming at finding at least one more vendor before production for protoDUNE II starts

● We selected one company for producing the mechanical components of the modules up to now (Matool, Campinas)

● Aiming at finding at least one more vendor before production for protoDUNE II starts

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NEW disc for evaporator with 28 filters holder

Filters production and evaporation

● Filters are being produced in Brazil (OPTO eletronica – SP)● We are working on the optimization of the performances of the filters with

OPTO => new samples almost ready● Evaporator at UNICAMP equipped with a rotating disc which can hold 28

filters

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X-ARAPUCA Testing plan

Milan MadridMadridMilan

● First supercell test is expected to happen at Milano Bicocca

● Another set-up for testing a supercell will be installed @ CIEMAT to confirm and cross-check the result

● A complete half-module (two supercells) will be tested in a dewar @ Milano Statale in liquid nitrogen (initially) => will allow to test all the electrical boards for DUNE

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Photosensors – baseline plan● The Consortium has selected two vendors, Hamamatsu and

FBK (Fondazione Bruno Kessler), which were asked to develop SiPMs within DUNE specification (Dark Counts, Cross talk, afterpulses,…)

● Both vendors have already developed cryogenic devices (for example FBK developed SiPM for DarkSide experiment).

● Hamamatsu and FBK are producing few different sensor types (splits) specifically designed for DUNE. The sensors will be tested by the Consortium and down-selected (hopefully!!! ) during this year.

● One sensor from each company will equip the X-ARAPUCAs of protoDUNE Run II (4,000 pcs for each type)

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Photosensors - Hamamatsu● First two Hamamatsu splits arrived in Milano-Bicocca on

April 10th and were collected by the janitors that are allowed to stay in the Physics Department:● 25 sensors of S13360-6075HX-HR● 25 sensors of S13360-6050HX-HR

● Two other splits will arrive on April 24th: S13360-6050HX-LRQ and S13360-6075HX-LRQ (S13360-9934). Important, since the S13360-6075HX-LRQ is the “standard DUNE split”

● Testing plan:

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Photosensors -FBK● The production run for the «standard DUNE split» (Dark-side like) and Triple

Trench is in progress. The run is made, as in the baseline mass production plan, by Lfoundry.

● Lfoundry is in partial lockdown due to the COVID-19 emergency and reduced the non-essential productions (e.g. research-related). Fortunately they are producing two wafers of «Standard DUNE split» even during the lockdown.

● They will deliver the two wafers to FBK in about 10 days.

● FBK is currently in full lockdown due to COVID-19 but they are going to ramp-up again. 25 SiPM belonging to the first split should be packaged by May 15th and delivered in Milan. Tested by the end of May by the SPPD labs

● Triple trench split should arrive in June

Planning for the SiPM tests in the DUNE pre-production phase

DUNE-doc-18234-v1

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Photosensors - testing● The Consortium will adopt a standard protocol for testing

the sensors in different labs in Italy, Spain and Czech Republic

● The first samples (hundreds) will be tested using facilities already available

● Dedicated set-up will be built for testing the protoDUNE and DUNE sensors

Bologna

Valencia

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DAPHNE read-out boards

● 40 channels/65 Msps/14 bits

● Bias-Trim Voltage supply

● Cold Electronics power supply + 3V

● Gigabit link up to 6.6 Gb/s to FELIX DAQ/full-mode protocol

● DUNE Timing interface

● Firmaware and Gateware being developed

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DAPHNE read-out boards● Design completed and Layout of the board is at an advanced point

● Firmware development is ongoing in parallel

● Planning to have at least 5 prototypes boards to be shared among the Consortium for testing.

● In order to reduce costs and save time first prototypes will be produce in the USA

● Several interactions with the DAQ Consortium to solve the issue of the mismatch in communication speed between DAPHNE (4.8 Gb/s) and FELIX (9.6 Gb/s). An agreement has been reached and the current version of interface document is here: https://edms.cern.ch/ui/file/2088726/2/2088726_DID_DAQSC_PDS_V2.4.docx

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Cold ganging board

● Cold ganging board which actively sums the signals of the 8 arrays of 6 SiPM (48 SiPM). Evolution of G. Cancelo design

● Good S/N ratio (> 4 with very simple filtering. Can go to 20 with optimum filter)

● For further details: arXiv:1911.06562 | 2020 JINST 15 P01008

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● Single channel cold amplifier PCB 10x produced by MiB group

● Component values optimized for tests with single SiPMs

● 1 or 2 amplifiers will be sent to each testing site (Bologna, Madrid, Valencia, Prague, NIU)

● Shipments difficult right now, since INFN personnel is forced to work at home

Cold ganging board

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New, single channel smaller board is being developed → to be installed on the ganging board

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• Design

- Based on highly-successful ProtoDUNE system.

- UV-LED flasher (warm) illuminates diffusers mounted to CPAs.

• Validation

- Operation in ProtoDUNE.

- ICEBERG validation late spring/summer 2020.

• Production

- All components DOE responsibility (Argonne and SDSM)

PD Monitoring

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Ash River X-ARAPUCA Module Test

• A mechanical model of a full-size PD module frame and several support rails have been assembled and shipped to Ash River

• Installation tests occurred the week of March 9.

• Basically successful, but some potential improvements identified

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PD Module Installation

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PD Electrical Connector- Easy Installation

Xenon doping● Doping LAr with small quantities of Xe is appealing => shifts the scintillation

wavelength from 128 nm to 174 nm. Consequently the Rayleigh scattering length increases (a factor 6 is expected) with benefits for uniformity. Could simplify the -ARAPUCA design => no need of the external shifter

● A Xe doping test is ongoing in protoDUNE-SP with very promising results

● LAr has been doped with Xe up to a level of 20 ppm in mass

● It allowed to recover the light quenched by N2 contamination (present in LAr because of the accidental injection of air happened in Summer 2019)

● Light yield is apparently increased and looks very stable. LAr purity is not affected by the presence of Xe.

● We need to verify the uniformity across the internal volume, the real effect on Rayleigh scattering and the effect on the TPC (which is currently switched off)

● Monte Carlo studies performed by the Manchester group (leaded by A. Szelc) showed that a combination of Xe doping and reflective foils would be the optimal combination to obtain an uniform light yield inside the active volume 21

Increasing Xe concentration

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Opportunities in the SPPD Consortium

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● We will have a monitoring system based on a set of led flashers and on light diffusers which will allow to measure the gain of each SiPM array and monitor the stability of the light collection of each Supercell

● We are studying the possibility of developing a broader strategy for an overall calibration of the PD system which could profit of other sources, such as 39Ar, the laser system and eventually neutron and other radioactive sources which will be used by the other detector subsystems

● Ideally one could aim to perform measurements of LY, of absolute detection efficiency of each module, of the (dis)uniformity of light collection inside the active volume, precise synchronization of the modules

● Requires not negligible simulation and analysis effort. Possibly also experimental tests.

● We are planning to form a specific Calibration WG. Few Consortium members already manifested their interest. But there is a lot of space here….

Calibration

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● ICEBERG (@ FNAL) is one of the most important test facility for SPPD. It allows to install 2 half modules (1 meter) and test the new XARAPUCA prototypes

● It will allow to extract the value of the absolute detection efficiency of the modules

● It will allow to test DAPHNE and cold electronics boards

● We want more people involved in the ICEBERG effort to prepare and run the tests.

● There is a good amount of simulation and data analysis work to be done to reach our goals

ICEBERG

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● Develop techniques which allow to perform fast simulations in the FD

● We have performed quite detailed MC studies on how the SPPD can contribute to SN and proton decay physics in DUNE. We need to explore what the contribution can be for beam physics

● Possible detection of solar neutrinos in DUNE. Role of the SPPD

● ProtoDUNE. The protoDUNE WG is doing an excellent work and it would highly benefit of having more people analyzing data

● It would also be interesting to have people willing to look at the possibilities related to the FD PD (Xe doping, reflective foils, etc)

● Development and management of QA/QC Database

Simulation and data analysis

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Summary

● SP PD Consortium is moving towards protoDUNE and the first Far Detector Module

● Photon Detection Factory is being prepared at UNICAMP

● Two SiPM vendors selected => One sensor for each vendor will be installed in protoDUNE II. First splits of specifically developed SiPM are being shipped to the Consortium. Planning for the tests

● Dedicated active ganging boards are being developed. Prototypes produced, which will be shared among the Consortium

● Daphne read-out electronics is making impressive progresses and is going towards the production of the first prototypes

● Xe doping test is producing very encouraging results which can open a new scenario for the SPPD system

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Foils + Xe Doping test at CERN

● Test done to investigate the effect of the reflector foil coated with TPB on the electric field → analysis ongoing

● Doped Ar with 100 ppm of Xe. First results encouraging in terms of stability in time and light signal pulse shape.

Kapton foil + reflector +TPB

Burak Bilki

X-ARAPUCA● The X-ARAPUCA represents a development and an optimization of the traditional

ARAPUCA

● X-ARAPUCA is a hybrid solution between an ARAPUCA and a light guide

● In an X-ARAPUCA the inner shifter is substituted by a wavelength shifter plate which has the WLS compound embedded. The active photo-sensors are optically coupled to one or more ends of the slab itself

DAPHNE plan

● DAPHNE test at Fermilab (IceBerg) > Late Q2 2020. AFE vs ADC comparison. Cold/Warm impedance matching

● DAPHNE test at local Labs. > Late Q3. Full Mode test

● DAPHNE test at ProtoDUNE > Late Q1 2021Timing Interface

● Needed for local test: 1 Felix module and 1 Timing Master unit