Spanish - Lone Star College · ¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y usted? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs ee oosTEHDTH) ... Hola. English Spanish 1 Hello. Hola…

Mango Educator Edition™

Spanish

Unit 1Course Guide

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Table of Contents

Table of ContentsChapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and GoodbyesChapter 2: Do You Speak English?Chapter 3: Names and IntroductionsChapter 4: Getting AroundChapter 5: Shopping and PaymentChapter 6: Drinks and DiningChapter 7: Numbers and CurrencyChapter 8: Getting HelpChapter 9: What Does That Mean?Chapter 10: Languages and CommunicationVocabulary ReviewPhrase ReviewCultural NotesGrammar Notes

Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, andGoodbyes

Saludos, Agradecimientos yDespedidas

Chapter 1: Greetings, Gratitude, and Goodbyes

Conversational GoalsExpress GratitudeExpress How Someone FeelsGreet PeopleIntroduce YourselfMake Small Talk with Strangers

Grammar GoalsBe Introduced to Subject-Verb AgreementCreate Affirmative Sentences and QuestionsLearn the Two Forms of the Verb "To Be"Recognize Gender Agreement of AdjectivesUse Personal Pronouns

ConversationEnglish Spanish

Hello! How are you? ¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted? (OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)

Good morning! I'm fine, thanks. And you?¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Yusted? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehnGRAHsyahs ee oosTEHDTH)

I'm fine too. Thank you. Estoy bien también. Gracias. (ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN GRAHsyahs)

Well, have a good day. Bueno, que tenga un buen día. (BWEHnoh keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah )

Likewise. Goodbye. Igualmente. Adiós. (eewahlMEHNteh ahDTHYOHS)

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Hello. Hola.English Spanish

1 Hello. Hola. (OHlah)

2 Good morning. Buenos días. (BWEHnohs DEEahs)

3 Hello. Good morning. Hola. Buenos días. (OHlah BWEHnohs DEEahs)

4 Good afternoon. Buenas tardes. (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)

5Did you notice that "Good morning" is Buenos días, but "Good afternoon" is Buenas tardes? This is because in Spanish every noun has either a masculine or feminine gender, and theadjective has to reflect this gender. You will learn more about this later in this chapter.

6 "Good afternoon" (Buenas tardes) is used from 12 p.m. all the way until around 7 p.m.

7 Good night. Buenas noches. (BWEHnahs NOchehs)

8 In Spanish, Buenas noches can be used as both a greeting and a farewell.

9In most Spanish speaking countries when entering a home it is customary to greet everyone in theroom by shaking his or her hand when you enter. It is also customary for two women, or a manand a woman who know each other well, to kiss on the cheek.


5





How are you? ¿Cómo está usted?English Spanish

1 How are you? ¿Cómo está usted? (KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)

2 how cómo (KOHmoh)

3 to be estar (ehsTAHR)

4 Estar is only one of two verbs meaning "to be" in Spanish. It is often used for temporary statesof "to be."

5 (you) are está (ehsTAH)

6 In Spanish, está is the form of the verb estar used when saying "he/she is" or "you are" in aformal way.

7 you usted (oosTEHDTH)

8 Hello, how are you? Hola, ¿cómo está usted? (OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH )

9 (you) are estás (ehsTAHS)

10 Notice that the formal way to say "you are" (está) becomes estás when used informally.

11 you tú (too)

12

In Spanish, the use of pronouns is not necessary when the person whom you are speaking aboutis easily understood from context. This is because in Spanish the verb endings change to indicatethe person being referred to. It's not always necessary to use the informal "you" (tú) because it isreflected in the verb ending. But, the formal form of "you" (usted) is often used. This is becauseit is not totally obvious from the form of the verb whom the speaker is referring to. Está is usedfor usted (you [formal]), él (he), and ella (she). This is something that happens with allthe verbs in Spanish. Keep in mind that these three persons will always have the same form ofthe verb just like in English when we say "he is," "she is," and "it is."

13 How are you? ¿Cómo estás? (KOHmoh ehsTAHS)

14 Hello, how are you? Hola, ¿cómo estás? (OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAHS)

15 she ella (EHyah)

16 How is she? ¿Cómo está ella? (KOHmoh ehsTAH EHyah)

Continued on next page


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English Spanish

17 Remember you could have also said, "¿Cómo está?" without saying ella as long as the personwhom you are speaking about is clear from the context of the conversation.

18 he él (ehl)

19 How is he? ¿Cómo está él? (KOHmoh ehsTAH ehl)


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I'm fine. Estoy bien.English Spanish

1 I'm fine. Estoy bien. (ehsTOY byehn)

2 I yo (yoh)

3 (I) am estoy (ehsTOY)

4 fine bien (byehn)

5 Thank you. Gracias. (GRAHsyahs)

6 I'm fine. Thank you. Estoy bien. Gracias. (ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs)

7 and y (ee)

8 And you? ¿Y usted? (ee oosTEHDTH)

9 I'm fine. And you? Estoy bien. ¿Y usted? (ehsTOY byehn ee oosTEHDTH)

10 too también (tahmBYEHN)

11 I'm fine too. Estoy bien también. (ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN )

12 You're welcome. De nada. (deh NAHdthah)

13 She is fine. Está bien. (ehsTAH byehn)

14 Ella está bien is also correct.

15 He is fine. Está bien. (ehsTAH byehn)

16 tired cansado (kahnSAHdthoh)

17 He is tired. Está cansado. (ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)



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English Spanish

18 She is tired. Está cansada. (ehsTAH kahnSAHdthah)

19Did you answer Está cansado or *Ella está cansado? This is almost correct. However, inSpanish the adjective must reflect the gender of the noun it modifies. In general, masculinenouns and their adjectives end in "-o," and feminine nouns and adjectives end in "-a."

20 You are tired. Usted está cansado. (oosTEHDTH ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)

21Since in Spanish all adjectives have to agree with the gender of the noun they modify, in thiscourse we will adopt the masculine gender as the default. Remember the masculine gender isusually indicated by an "-o" at the end of the word. Moving forward, we will be sure to let you knowwhen to use the feminine gender.


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Have a good day. Que tenga un buen día.English Spanish

1 Have a good day. (That have a good day.)

Que tenga un buen día. (keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)

2 a day un día (oon DEEah)

3 good bueno (BWEHnoh)

4 a good day un buen día (oon bwehn DEEah)

5

Did you say *un bueno día? Good guess! However, if an adjective ending in "-o" comes beforea singular masculine noun, then we drop the "-o." Again, this only happens if the adjective comesbefore the noun. For example, we say un hombre bueno (a good man) but un buen hombre(a good man) if the adjective comes first. Remember, this rule only applies to singular masculinenouns. So buenos días always gets to keep the "-o"!

6 to have tener (tehNEHR)

7 have [imperative] tenga (TEHNgah)

8 The imperative verb form is the command form. That is, we use the imperative form to givecommands like "Stop!" or "Hurry!" and so on.

9 that que (keh)

10 Que is the subordinate conjunction "that" as in, "I hope that you have a good day."

11 Likewise. Igualmente. (eewahlMEHNteh)

12 to see ver (behr)

13 See you. (We see each other.)

Nos vemos. (nohs BEHmohs)

14 until hasta (AHStah)

15 later luego (LWEHgoh)

16 See you later. (Until later.)

Hasta luego. (AHStah LWEHgoh)

17 tomorrow mañana (mahNYAHnah)



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English Spanish

18 See you tomorrow. (Until tomorrow.)

¡Hasta mañana! (AHStah mahNYAHnah)

19 soon pronto (PROHNtoh)

20 See you soon. (Until soon.)

¡Hasta pronto! (AHStah PROHNtoh)

21 Goodbye. Adiós. (ahDTHYOHS)

22 Goodbye. Have a good day.Adiós. Que tenga un buen día. (ahDTHYOHS keh TEHNgah oon bwehnDEEah)


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Chapter 2: Do You Speak English? ¿Usted Habla Inglés?

Chapter 2: Do You Speak English?

Conversational GoalsAsk and Tell Where Someone is FromAsk Whether Someone Speaks a LanguageGet Someone's Attention

Grammar GoalsLearn Simple NegationLearn to Conjugate the Verb HablarUnderstand the Basic Structure of QuestionsUse the Preposition DeUse the Verb Ser


Excuse me, do you speak English?Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblaheenGLEHS)

Yes, I speak English. Sí hablo inglés. (see AHbloh eenGLEHS)

Do you speak Spanish? ¿Usted habla español? (oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)

I speak a little bit of Spanish. Hablo un poco de español. (AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)

Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted? (deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)

I am from the United States. Soy de los Estados Unidos. (soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)


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Excuse me, do you speak English?Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés?

English Spanish

1 Excuse me, do you speak English?Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblaheenGLEHS)

2 to speak hablar (ahBLAHR)

3 (you) speak habla (AHblah)

4 English inglés (eenGLEHS)

5 Do you speak English? ¿Usted habla inglés? (oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)

6 Did you notice there is no word in Spanish equivalent to the English “do” when used in questions?

7 Excuse me! ¡Disculpe! (deesKOOLpeh)

8 Excuse me! ¡Disculpa! (deesKOOLpah)

9 Spanish español (ehspahNYOHL)

10 Do you speak Spanish? ¿Usted habla español? (oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)

11 German alemán (ahlehMAHN)

12 Do you speak German? ¿Usted habla alemán? (oosTEHDTH AHblah ahlehMAHN)

13 French francés (frahnSEHS)

14 Remember that personal pronouns are not necessary in Spanish. Try the following questionwithout the pronoun usted.

15 Do you speak French? ¿Habla francés? (AHblah frahnSEHS)

16 you speak hablas (AHblahs)

17 Do you speak Spanish? ¿Hablas español? (AHblahs ehspahNYOHL)

18 Do you speak French? ¿Hablas francés? (AHblahs frahnSEHS)



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English Spanish

19The number of English/Spanish bilinguals in Mexico is increasing. Over the past couple of years, agreat number of schools have incorporated many English courses. On the other hand, a lot ofindigenous dialects spoken in the country have been losing speakers.


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I speak a little bit of Spanish.Hablo un poco de español.

English Spanish

1 I speak a little bit of Spanish. Hablo un poco de español. (AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)

2 (I) speak hablo (AHbloh)

3 I speak Spanish. Hablo español. (AHbloh ehspahNYOHL)

4 a little bit un poco (oon POHkoh)

5 of de (deh)

6 a little bit of Spanish un poco de español (oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)

7 yes sí (see)

8 Yes, I speak a little bit of French. Sí, hablo un poco de francés. (see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh frahnSEHS)

9 She speaks a little bit of English.Ella habla un poco de inglés. (EHyah AHblah oon POHkoh deheenGLEHS)

10 Did you remember that in Spanish él, ella and usted use the same form of the verb? Therefore,we have él habla, ella habla or usted habla with the verb hablar.

11 Italian italiano (eetahLYAHnoh)

12 He speaks a little bit of Italian.Él habla un poco de italiano. (ehl AHblah oon POHkoh deheetahLYAHnoh)

13 Yes, I speak French. Sí, hablo francés. (see AHbloh frahnSEHS)

14 no no (noh)

15 Do you remember that in Spanish there is no equivalent to "do" when used in questions? Well,similarly in negation there is no equivalent to "don't", you simply use "no".

16 I don't speak English. No hablo inglés. (noh AHbloh eenGLEHS)


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Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted?English Spanish

1 Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted? (deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)

2 where dónde (DOHNdeh)

3 from de (deh)

4 From where? ¿De dónde? (¿deh DOHNdeh?)

5 In Spanish, de is used for both "from" and "of." But don't worry, the context of the conversationwill help you decide which one is being used!

6 to be (for permanent states of being) ser (sehr)

7Do you remember "to be" is also estar in Spanish? This is because "to be" using the verb ser isused for states of being that do not change; for example, Soy una mujer. (I am a woman).Whereas, Estar is used for states of being that can change; for example, Estoy cansada (I amtired).

8 (you) are (for permanent states of being) es (ehs)

9 (you) are (for permanent states of being) eres (EHrehs)

10 Where are you from? ¿De dónde eres? (deh DOHNdeh EHrehs)

11 (they) are (for permanent states of being) son (sohn)

12 they ellos (EHyohs)

13 Where are they from? ¿De dónde son ellos? (deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyohs)

14 they ellas (EHyahs)

15 Did you notice that the English personal pronoun "they" has two Spanish equivalents: ellas andellos?

16 Excuse me. Where are they from?Disculpe. ¿De dónde son ellas? (deesKOOLpeh deh DOHNdeh sohnEHyahs)

17 Where is she from? ¿De dónde es? (deh DOHNdeh ehs)


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I'm from the United States.Soy de los Estados Unidos.

English Spanish

1 I'm from the United States.Soy de los Estados Unidos. (soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohsooNEEdthohs)

2 (I) am (for permanent states of being) soy (soy)

3 the United States los Estados Unidos (lohs ehstAHdthohs oonEEdthohs)

4 from the United States de los Estados Unidos (deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)

5 You are from the United States.Usted es de los Estados Unidos. (oohstEHDTH ehs deh lohs ehstAHdthohsoonEEdthohs)

6 Excuse me. Are you from the United States?Disculpe. ¿Usted es de los EstadosUnidos? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH ehs deh lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)

7 Mexico México (MEHheekoh)

8 I'm from Mexico. Soy de México. (soy deh MEHheekoh)

9 Mexican mexicano (MEHheekahnoh)

10 I'm Mexican. Soy mexicano. (soy mehheeKAHnoh)

11 American estadounidense (ehstahdthohooneedthEHNseh)

12 You are American.Usted es estadounidense. (oosTEHDTH ehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh )

13 You are American. Eres estadounidense. (EHrehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh)

14 Canada Canadá (kahnahDTHAH)

15 You are from Canada. Usted es de Canadá. (oosTEHDTH ehs deh kahnahDTHAH)

16 Canadian canadiense (kahnahDTHYEHNse)

17 I'm Canadian. Soy canadiense. (soy kahnahDTHYEHNse)



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English Spanish

18 You are Canadian. Eres canadiense. (EHrehs kahnahDTHYEHNse)

19 They are from Mexico. Ellos son de México. (EHyohs sohn deh MEHheekoh)

20 They are Mexican. Son mexicanos. (sohn mehheeKAHnohs)

21Did you get it right? You might have said son mexicano. Remember that in Spanish there aresingular and plural nouns, as well as adjectives that apply to every person. Therefore, sonreferring to "they are," needs a plural adjective such as mexicanos.

22 (they) speak hablan (AHblahn)

23 They are not from Mexico and they don'tspeak Spanish.

Ellos no son de México y no hablanespañol. (EHyohs noh sohn deh MEHheekoh ee nohAHblahn ehspahNYOHL)

24 Yes, I speak a little bit of Spanish. I'm fromthe United States and I speak English.

Sí, hablo un poco de español. Soy delos Estados Unidos y hablo inglés. (see AHbloh oon POHkoh dehehspahNYOHL soy deh lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs ee AHbloheenGLEHS)


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Chapter 3: Names and Introductions Chapter 3: Names and Introductions

Conversational GoalsAsk Someone's NameIntroduce Yourself and OthersRecognize Common Latin American NamesRespond to IntroductionsSay that You Are Not Someone or Something

Grammar GoalsBe Introduced to Number AgreementConjugate the Reflexive Verb LlamarseCreate Affirmative Sentences and QuestionsLearn More PrepositionsRecognize Attached Personal Pronoun Clitics


Hi, my name is María. Hola, me llamo María. (OHlah meh YAHmoh mahREEah)

What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)

My name is Tom. It's nice to meet you.Me llamo Tom. Es un gusto conocerla. (meh YAHmoh tom ehs oon GOOStohkohnohSEHRlah)

It is nice to meet you too Tom. This is my husbandCarlos.

Igualmente, Tom. Él es mi esposo, Carlos. (eewahlMEHNteh tom ehl ehs meeehsPOHsoh KAHRlohs)

Nice to meet you. Gusto en conocerlo. (GOOStoh ehn kohnohSEHRloh)


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What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted?English Spanish

1 What is your name? (How do you call yourself?)

¿Cómo se llama usted? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)

2Did you say, "*¿Cómo usted se llama?" Good guess! However, personal pronouns like usted,etc., can either come at the beginning or end of the sentence. So, you can say, ¿Usted cómose llama? or ¿Cómo se llama usted?

3 to call oneself llamarse (yahMAHRseh)

4

Llamarse is a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs show that the action of the subject of the sentenceis being carried out on the subject itself. That is why "to call" (llamar) alone is not reflexivebecause this can mean that I call you on the phone. However, if you want to say that I call myself,as in "my name is," I am performing the action on myself, so I would use the reflexive verbllamarse (to call oneself), and say me llamo, literally "I call myself." For he / she and you(formal) the pronoun is se, so you say, Él se llama, etc.

5 you call yourself usted se llama (oosTEHDTH seh YAHmah)

6 Did you notice that se from the end of the verb llamarse moved to the front when we saidusted se llama?

7In many countries in Latin America people are very friendly towards foreigners. Don't be surprisedif they approach you to say hi and ask questions about where you are from and what you're doingin their country.

8 you call yourself te llamas (teh YAHmahs)

9 What is your name? ¿Cómo te llamas? (KOHmoh teh YAHmahs)

10 she calls herself ella se llama (EHyah seh YAHmah)

11 What is her name? ¿Cómo se llama ella? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah EHyah)

12 Notice how se llama can be used to refer to he, she or the formal you. This is similar to the useof está and many other verbs.

13 he calls himself él se llama (ehl seh YAHmah)

14 For this next slide, remember that in Spanish, when the person you are referring to can beunderstood from the context of the conversation, it is not necessary to use the pronoun.

15 What is his name? ¿Cómo se llama? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah)


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My name is Tom. Me llamo Tom.English Spanish

1 My name is Tom. (I call myself Tom.)

Me llamo Tom. (meh YAHmoh tom)

2 I call myself me llamo (meh YAHmoh)

3 Her name is Maria. Ella se llama María. (eyah seh yahmah mahREEah.)

4María is one of the most common names in Spanish. It is a Catholic name that makes referenceto the Virgin Mary. The use of biblical names is very common in Spanish speaking countries. Forexample, a common male name is Jesús which means Jesus.

5 His name is Carlos. Él se llama Carlos. (ehl seh YAHmah KAHRlohs)

6 they call themselves ellos se llaman (EHyohs seh YAHmahn)

7Did you say *ellos se llama? This is almost correct. However, similar to how verbs change theirending to agree with the subject of the sentence, they must also agree with the subject innumber, that is, singular or plural. This is why se llama changed to se llaman to create theplural form of llamarse.

8 Their names are Carlos and María. Se llaman Carlos y María. (seh YAHmahn KAHRlohs ee mahREEah)

9 Other popular male names in Spanish are: Pedro, Juan and José which also have biblical origins. For females, Guadalupe, Claudia and Laura are among the most common names.

10 I'm John. Soy John. (soy )

11 I'm not Maria. My name is Juana.No soy María. Me llamo Juana. (noh soy mahREEah meh YAHmohHWAHnah )

12 Hi, my name is Tom and I'm from the UnitedStates.

Hola, me llamo Tom y soy de losEstados Unidos. (OHlah meh YAHmoh tom ee soy deh lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)


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This is my husband. Él es mi esposo.English Spanish

1 This is my husband. (He is my husband.)

Él es mi esposo. (ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)

2 For this next slide remember that "he is / she is / it is" and "you are (formal)" all use the sameform of the verb.

3 Remember that ser is used for permanent states such as Soy María (I'm Maria), which issomething that would not normally change, or Soy de México (I'm from Mexico).

4 my mi (mee)

5 husband esposo (ehsPOHsoh)

6 my husband mi esposo (mee ehsPOHsoh)

7In Spanish, it is not common to say "This is ...," and then the name, to introduce a person. Insteadwe say "He is ..." or "She is...," and then the person's name or relationship to the personintroducing them.

8 My husband speaks Italian. Mi esposo habla italiano. (mee ehsPOHsoh AHbla eetahLYAHnoh)

9 wife esposa (ehsPOHsah)

10 my wife mi esposa (mee ehsPOHsah)

11 brother hermano (ehrMAHnoh)

12 my brother mi hermano (mee ehrMAHnoh)

13 He is my brother. Él es mi hermano. (ehl ehs mee ehrMAHnoh)

14 He's not my brother. He's my husband.Él no es mi hermano. Es mi esposo. (ehl noh ehs mee ehrMAHnoh ehs meeehsPOHsoh)

15 sister hermana (ehrMAHnah)

16 my sister mi hermana (mee ehrMAHnah)

17 She is my sister. Ella es mi hermana. (EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah)



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English Spanish

18 My sister speaks a little bit of English.Mi hermana habla un poco de inglés. (mee ehrMAHnah AHblah oon POHkoh deheenGLEHS)

19 This is my sister and her name is Guadalupe.Ella es mi hermana y se llamaGuadalupe. (EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah ee sehYAHmah gwahdthahLOOpeh)

20 friends amigos (ahMEEgohs)

21 my friends mis amigos (mees ahMEEgohs)

22 Did you say *mi amigos? If you did, no biggie. Just remember that mi (my) has to agree innumber with the noun amigos (friends). So, the correct answer is the plural form mis amigos.

23 They are my friends. Ellos son mis amigos. (EHyohs sohn mees ahMEEgohs)

24 Introducing people is very important for Spanish speakers in Latin America. You should alwaysremember to introduce everyone to each other. It is considered bad manners if you don't.


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It is nice to meet you. Es un gusto conocerlo.English Spanish

1 It is nice to meet you. (It is a pleasure to meet you.)

Es un gusto conocerlo. (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)

2 to meet; to know conocer (kohnohSEHR)

3 Conocer can be both to meet or to know. But don't worry, you will know which meaning is beingused by the context of the conversation.

4 to meet you conocerlo (kohnohSEHRloh)

5 a pleasure un gusto (oon GOOStoh)

6You may also hear people say Es un placer conocerlo. Placer literally means "pleasure." So,you can use either Es un gusto conocerlo or Es un placer conocerlo. Both phrases havethe same meaning.

7 Pleasure to meet you. Gusto conocerlo. (GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)

8 to meet you conocerla (kohnohSEHRlah)

9 It is nice to meet you. Es un gusto conocerla. (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRlah)

10 to meet you conocerte (kohnohSEHRteh)

11 It is nice to meet you. Es un gusto conocerte. (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh)

12 It´s nice to meet you. See you later!Es un gusto conocerlo. ¡Hasta luego! (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRtehAHStah LWEHgoh)


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Chapter 4: Getting Around Explorando el Lugar

Chapter 4: Getting Around

Conversational GoalsAsk for DirectionsGet Help Finding Places Using a MapIdentify Important Places and FacilitiesAround TownUnderstand Directions as They Are Given toYou

Grammar GoalsLearn New Uses of the Verb "To Be"Learn to Recognize Noun GenderPractice Gender Agreement with AdjectivesRecognize Gender Agreement of ArticlesRecognize Number Agreement with the VerbEstar


Excuse me. I'm lost. Disculpe, estoy perdido. (deesKOOLpeh ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)

Where is the bathroom? ¿Dónde está el baño? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)

The bathroom is a little far away. El baño está un poco lejos. (ehl BAHnyoh ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)

Go straight and then to the left.Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda. (BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah laheesKYEHRdthah)

Thank you very much! ¡Muchas gracias! (MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)

You're welcome. De nada. (deh NAHdthah)


25





I'm lost. Estoy perdido.English Spanish

1 I'm lost. Estoy perdido. (ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)

2 lost perdido (pehrDTHEEdthoh)

3 Good afternoon. Are you lost?Buenas tardes. ¿Usted está perdida? (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs oosTEHDTHehsTAH pehrDTHEEdthah)

4 bored aburrido (ahbooRREEdthoh)

5 I'm bored. Estoy aburrida. (ehsTOY ahbooRREEdthah)

6 I'm a little bit bored. And you?Estoy un poco aburrido, ¿y tú? (ehsTOY oon POHkoh ahbooRREEdthoh eetoo)

7 ready listo (LEEStoh)

8 I'm ready. Estoy lista. (ehsTOY LEEStah)

9Did you remember that most adjectives have a masculine and feminine form? Usually adjectivesthat describe a male will end with an "-o" like perdido (lost) and listo (ready), whereas adjectivesthat describe a female will end with an "-a" such as perdida and lista.

10 Good morning. Are you ready? Buenos días. ¿Estás lista? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTAHS LEEStah)

11 Yes, I'm ready. Sí, estoy lista. (see ehsTOY LEEStah)

12 okay bien (byehn)

13 Hi, are you okay? Hola, ¿estás bien? (OHlah ehsTAHS byehn)

14 very muy (mwee)

15 I'm very tired. Estoy muy cansada. (ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah)

16 Although many times the use of personal pronouns in Spanish is optional, they are used when wewant to add emphasis. In this next slide, add emphasis to who is tired and who is bored.

17 You are tired and I'm bored.Tú estás cansada y yo estoy aburrido. (too ehsTAHS kahnSAHdthah ee yohehsTOY ahbooRREEdthoh)


26





Where is the bathroom? ¿Dónde está el baño?English Spanish

1 Where is the bathroom? ¿Dónde está el baño? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)

2

In many Spanish speaking countries you will likely see signs that read, "W.C." This stands for "washcloset." Also, in most Latin American countries, bathrooms have a drawing attached to the doorsthat clearly identifies the men's and women's rooms. For example, a pipe might identify themen's room, and a hand-held fan, the ladies' room. However, sometimes they only use a signthat says caballeros (gentlemen) and damas (ladies).

3 Where is... ¿Dónde está...? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH )

4 bathroom baño (BAHnyoh)

5 the bathroom el baño (ehl BAHnyoh)

6Sometimes there may be a small fee to enter public restrooms. It is also a good idea to carryyour own toilet tissue as bathroom attendants will only give you a certain amount. Both in publicrestrooms and in people's homes, flushing toilet paper causes problems in the sewer system. Throw the paper into the small trash can provided.

7 hotel hotel (ohTEHL)

8 Where is the hotel? ¿Dónde está el hotel? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)

9 I'm lost. Where is the hotel?Estoy perdida. ¿Dónde está el hotel? (ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthah DOHNdehehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)

10 restaurant restaurante (rrehstahwRAHNteh)

11 Excuse me, where is the restaurant?Disculpe, ¿dónde está el restaurante? (deesKOOLpeh DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehlrrehstahwRAHNteh)

12 the bus stop la parada de autobús (lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)

13Bus stop (la parada de autobús) can literally be translated, "the stop of bus." In Spanish,when a noun works as a modifier, for example "bus" in "bus stop," these two words are usuallyjoined with the preposition de (of).

14 Good morning. Where is the bus stop?Buenos días. ¿Dónde está la parada deautobús? (BWEHnohs DEEahs DOHNdeh ehsTAH lahpahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)

15Public Transportation is a good way to move around in most Latin American cities. There are citybuses (autobuses), subways (metro), vans (camionetas), and taxis. Many of these modes oftransportation are cheap. However, walking is the cheapest and most popular way to explore anew city.



27





English Spanish

16The different forms of public transportation are called by different names depending on whichLatin American country you are in. In Mexico you may hear camión, colectivo, or urbano forbuses. Public vans in Mexico are called peseras, micros , or combis. La guagua is a famousname for the bus in Cuba, while lanchones is used in Peru.

17 keys llaves (YAHbehs)

18 Where are the keys? ¿Dónde están las llaves? (DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lahs YAHbehs)

19 You might have said, "¿Dónde está las llaves?" Almost, but remember that llaves (keys) isplural, so we must make the verb plural. The correct answer is ¿Dónde están las llaves?

20 tickets boletos (bohLEHtohs)

21 Where are the tickets? ¿Dónde están los boletos? (DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lohs bohLEHtohs)

22 map mapa (MAHpah)

23 the map el mapa (ehl MAHpah)

24 You might have said la mapa. However, mapa is one of the exceptions to the general rule thatmasculine nouns end with "-o." Mapa is actually a masculine noun. So, "the map" is el mapa.

25 on en (ehn)

26 on the map en el mapa (ehn ehl MAHpah)

27 Where is the restaurant on the map?¿Dónde está el restaurante en el mapa?(DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl rrehstahwRAHNtehehn ehl MAHpah)


28





It is a little bit far. Está un poco lejos.English Spanish

1 It is a little bit far. Está un poco lejos. (ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)

2 far lejos (LEHhohs)

3Recall that in Spanish, many times pronouns like, you/ he/ she/ and it, are not used since thesubject of the sentence is reflected on the verb. Therefore, when we say "it is," we only use theproper form of the verb ser or estar.

4 It is far. Está lejos. (ehsTAH LEHhohs)

5 close cerca (SEHRkah)

6 It is close. Está cerca. (ehsTAH SEHRkah)

7 The hotel is very close. El hotel está muy cerca. (ehl hohTEHL ehsTAH mwee SEHRkah)

8 The bus stop is very far.La parada de autobús está muy lejos. (lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOSehsTAH mwee LEHhohs)

9Exploring a new city is sometimes exciting and scary at the same time. Don't be afraid to ask thelocals for help. You will find that people are usually friendly when you ask for directions. Also,remember that most cities in Latin America are walkable, and you'll see that places are not veryfar away.

10 here aquí (ahKEE)

11 It's here. Está aquí. (ehsTAH ahKEE)

12 It's far from here. Está lejos de aquí. (ehsTAH LEHhohs deh ahKEE)

13 The bus stop is a little bit far from here.La parada de autobús está un pocolejos de aquí. (lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOSehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs deh ahKEE )

14 kilometer kilómetro (keeLOHmehtroh)

15 Countries in Latin America do not use miles to measure distance. Distance is measured inkilometers (kilómetros). One mile is about 1.6 kilometers.

16 six (6) seis (6) (seys)



29





English Spanish

17 It's six kilometers from here.Está a seis kilómetros de aquí. (ehsTAH ah seys keeLOHmehtrohs dehahKEE)

18 Did you notice the little word a? It doesn't have a real meaning here. Just remember that it'snecessary to always use a between the verb estar and the distance.

19 Six kilometers is far! ¡Seis kilómetros es lejos! (seys keeLOHmehtrohs ehs LEHhohs)


30





Go straight and then to the left.Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda.

English Spanish

1 Go straight and then to the left. (Go straight and later to the left.)

Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda. (BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah laheesKYEHRdthah)

2 to go ir (eer)

3 Pay attention to this little verb ir. It does not follow the regular verb pattern that we have seen sofar.

4 Go. [imperative] Vaya. (BAHyah)

5 straight derecho (dehREHchoh)

6 Go straight. Vaya derecho. (BAHyah dehREHchoh)

7 to a (ah)

8 left izquierda (eesKYEHRdthah)

9 to the left a la izquierda (ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

10 Then, go to the left. (Later, go to the left.)

Luego vaya a la izquierda. (LWEHgoh BAHyah ah laheesKYEHRdthah)

11 right derecha (dehREHchah)

12 towards hacia (AHsyah)

13 In order to say "to" or "towards" you can use a or hacia. Both prepositions are equivalent in thiscontext.

14 Go to the right. Vaya hacia la derecha. (BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah)

15Go to the right and then to the left. (Go towards the right and later towards theleft.)

Vaya hacia la derecha y luego hacia laizquierda. (BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah eeLWEHgoh AHsyah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

16 more más (mahs)

17 slow despacio (dehsPAHseeoh)

18 slower (more slow)

más despacio (mahs dehsPAHseeoh)


31







32





English Spanish

19 please por favor (pohr fahBOHR)

20 Slower, please. Más despacio por favor. (mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR)

21

There are many beautiful places to visit in Latin America. There are famous archeological sitessuch as Palenque, and Chichén Itzá in Mexico; Peten in Guatemala; or Machu Picchu inPeru. There are also many beautiful mountains, parks, and beaches like Cancún in Mexico; ElSalto de Ángel in Venezuela; La Catedral de Sal in Bogota; or Las Torres del Paine inChile.

22 I speak a little bit of Spanish. Slower, please.Hablo un poco de español. Másdespacio, por favor. (AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHLmahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR )

23 Thank you very much! ¡Muchas gracias! (MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)


33





How can I find the embassy?¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada?

English Spanish

1 How can I find the embassy?¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada? (KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lahehmbahHAHdthah )

2 to be able poder (pohDTHEHR)

3 (I) can puedo (PWEHdthoh)

4 to find encontrar (ehnkohnTRAHR)

5 I can find puedo encontrar (PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)

6 How can I find...? ¿Cómo puedo encontrar...? (KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)

7 embassy embajada (ehmbahHAHdthah)

8 to turn doblar (dohBLAHR)

9 Turn. [imperative] Doble. (DOHbleh)

10 Turn left. Doble a la izquierda. (DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

11 Turn right and then go straight.Doble a la derecha y luego vayaderecho. (DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah eeLWEHgoh BAHyah dehREHchoh)

12 Turn. [imperative] Dobla. (DOHblah)

13 street calle (KAHyeh)

14 San Martín street calle San Martín (KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)

15 Turn left on San Martín street.Doble a la izquierda en la calle SanMartín. (DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah ehn lahKAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)

16 corner esquina (ehsKEEnah)

17 It's on the corner. Está en la esquina. (ehsTAH ehn lah ehsKEEnah)



34





English Spanish

18 the office of tourism la oficina de turismo (lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)

19 Excuse me. I'm American. How can I find theoffice of tourism?

Disculpe, soy estadounidense. ¿Cómopuedo encontrar la oficina de turismo? (deesKOOLpeh soyehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh KOHmohPWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lahohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)

20 The office of tourism is very far. Go straightand then turn right at the corner.

La oficina de turismo está muy lejos.Vaya derecho y luego doble a laderecha en la esquina. (lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmohehsTAH mwee LEHhohs BAHyahdehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh DOHbleh ah lahdehREHchah ehn lah ehsKEEnah)


35





Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment Comprando y Pagando

Chapter 5: Shopping and Payment

Conversational GoalsCount up to 99Deal with CurrencyNegotiate Basic Transactions at Stores

Grammar GoalsAsk About Quantities Using CuántoForm the Genitive CaseLearn the Conditional Verb ConjugationUse DemonstrativesUse the Quantifiers Mucho and Poco


Excuse me. Do you have maps? Disculpe, ¿tiene mapas? (deesKOOLpeh TYEHneh MAHpahs)

Yes, would you like to buy one? Sí, ¿le gustaría comprar uno?

Yes please. How much does it cost? Sí, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta? (see pohr fahBOHR KWAHNtoh KWEHStah)

It costs eight pesos and fifty cents.Cuesta ocho pesos con cincuentacentavos. (KWEHStah OHchoh PEHsohs kohnseenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)

Ok. Give me two, please. Ok. Deme dos, por favor. (ohKEY DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)

Seventeen pesos, please. Diecisiete pesos, por favor. (dyehseeSYEHteh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)

Here you are. Aquí tiene. (ahKEE TYEHneh)

Thank you very much. Muchas gracias. (MOOchahs GRAHsyahs )



36





Do you have maps? ¿Tiene mapas?English Spanish

1 Do you have maps? ¿Tiene mapas? (TYEHneh MAHpahs)

2 (you) have tiene (TYEHneh)

3 maps mapas (MAHpahs)

4 I have tengo (TEHNgoh)

5 one (1) uno (1) (OOnoh)

6 I have one map. Tengo un mapa. (TEHNgoh oon MAHpah)

7Did you say *uno mapa? That's almost correct. However, recall the phrase buen día (goodday) and how bueno dropped the -o when it preceded the masculine noun día. For this samereason uno drops the -o when followed by a masculine noun and we say, un mapa.

8 one key una llave (OOnah YAHbeh)

9 Did you say una llave? Well done! This shows that the feminine form of the number uno is una.

10 two (2) dos (2) (dohs)

11 Do you have two maps? ¿Tiene dos mapas? (TYEHneh dohs MAHpahs)

12 Here you are. (Here you have.)

Aquí tiene. (ahKEE TYEHneh)

13 three (3) tres (3) (trehs)

14 postcard postal (pohsTAHL)

15 I have three postcards. Tengo tres postales. (TEHNgoh trehs pohsTAHlehs)

16When forming the plural of postal you may have said *postals. That's close. However, inSpanish, to make the plural of a noun that ends with a consonant, you have to add -es to the endof the noun. That's why the plural of postal is postales.

17 Do you have more maps? ¿Tiene más mapas? (TYEHneh mahs MAHpahs)



37





English Spanish

18

In English, we use "a little bit" when referring to uncountable nouns like milk, money, and water,and "a few" when referring to countable things like maps and postcards. However, in Spanish thesame word is used for both. The only trick is to make poco plural for the countable nouns. Forexample, Tengo poco dinero (I have a little bit of money), but Tengo pocos mapas (I havefew maps). Generally if in English we would use "few," then in Spanish you will use pocos orpocas.

19 a few maps pocos mapas (POHkohs MAHpahs)

20 a few postcards pocas postales (POHkahs)

21 I have a few postcards and a few maps.Tengo pocas postales y pocos mapas. (TEHNgoh POHkahs pohsTAHlehs eePOHkohs MAHpahs)

22 to want querer (kehREHR)

23 (I) want quiero (KYEHroh)

24 I want more postcards of Mexico.Quiero más postales de México. (KYEHroh mahs pohsTAHlehs dehMEHheekoh)

25 four (4) cuatro (4) (KWAHtroh)

26 I have four more postcards. Tengo cuatro postales más. (TEHNgoh KWAHtroh pohsTAHlehs mahs)

27 something algo (AHLgoh)

28 anything else (something more)

algo más (AHLgoh mahs)

29 (you) want quiere (KYEHreh)

30 Do you want anything else? (Do you want something more?)

¿Quiere algo más? (KYEHreh AHLgoh mahs)

31 No, thank you. No, gracias. (noh GRAHsyahs)


38





How much does it cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta?English Spanish

1 How much does it cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStah )

2 how much cuánto (KWAHNtoh)

3 to cost costar (kohsTAHR)

4 (it) costs cuesta (KWEHStah)

5 How much is it? ¿Cuánto es? (KWAHNtoh ehs)

6 How much do three tickets cost?¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn trehsbohLEHtohs)

7Did you answer *¿Cuánto cuesta tres boletos? You were almost correct, but remember thatverbs in Spanish have to agree with the number of the noun, that is, singular or plural. Cuestaliterally means "it costs." Cuestan is the plural form (they cost). Therefore the correct answer is¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos?

8 this este (EHSteh)

9 book libro (LEEbroh)

10 How much does this book cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta este libro? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStah EHSteh LEEbroh)

11When buying products from a salesperson on the streets of Mexico and other Latin Americancountries, it is common to negotiate the price. You can get a good discount if you make the sellerbelieve that you are very interested in their product, but that you think it is too expensive. InSpanish, this is called regatear (to bargain).

12 these estos (EHStohs)

13 How much do these cost? ¿Cuánto cuestan estos? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn EHstohs)

14 money dinero (deeNEHroh)

15 How much money do you have? ¿Cuánto dinero tiene? (KWAHNtoh deeNEHroh TYEHneh)

16 a lot mucho (MOOchoh)



39





English Spanish

17 I don't have a lot of money. No tengo mucho dinero. (noh TEHNgoh MOOchoh deeNEHroh)

18 how many cuántos (KWAHNtohs )

19 how many [feminine] cuántas (KWAHNtahs )

20 How many postcards do you want? ¿Cuántas postales quiere? (KWAHNtahs pohsTAHlehs KYEHreh )


40





It costs five pesos and fifty cents.Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos.

English Spanish

1 It costs five pesos and fifty cents. (It costs five pesos with fifty cents.)

Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuentacentavos. (KWEHStah SEENkoh PEHsohs kohnseenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)

2 five (5) cinco (5) (SEENkoh)

3 pesos pesos (PEHsohs)

4 five pesos cinco pesos (SEENkoh PEHsohs)

5Did you know that although pesos are used in many Latin American countries, it is not the onlycurrency of Latin America? Costa Rica, for example, uses colones (named after ChristopherColumbus); Perú uses soles; Guatemala uses quetzales; Honduras uses lempiras; Boliviauses bolivianos, and there are even more.

6 fifty (50) cincuenta (50) (seenKWEHNtah)

7 cents centavos (sehnTAHbohs)

8 fifty cents cincuenta centavos (seenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)

9 with con (cohn )

10 five pesos and fifty cents (five pesos with fifty cents)

cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos (SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtahsehnTAHbohs)

11 In many areas of Latin America bartering (trueque) is still a common practice.

12 seven (7) siete (7) (SYEHteh)

13 eight (8) ocho (8) (OHchoh)

14 nine (9) nueve (9) (NWEHbeh)

15 It costs nine pesos. Cuesta nueve pesos. (KWEHStah NWEHbeh PEHsohs)

16 ten (10) diez (10) (dyehs)

17 eleven (11) once (11) (OHNseh)



41





English Spanish

18 twelve (12) doce (12) (DOHseh)

19 ten pesos and twelve centsdiez pesos con doce centavos (dyehs PEHsohs kohn DOHsehsehnTAHbohs)

20 thirteen (13) trece (13) (TREHseh)

21 eleven pesos and thirteen centsonce pesos con trece centavos (OHNseh PEHsohs kohn TREHsehsehnTAHbohs)

22 fourteen (14) catorce (14) (kahTOHRseh)

23 fifteen (15) quince (15) (KEENseh)

24 This costs fourteen pesos and fifteen cents.Este cuesta catorce pesos con quincecentavos. (EHSteh KWEHStah kahTOHRseh PEHsohskohn KEENseh sehnTAHbohs)

25The Spanish numbers for 16 to 29 are easy! They are actually contractions. For example, 16 isdiez (ten) and seis (six), dieciséis. And, 21 is veinte (20) and uno (one), veintiuno. Remember this rule when saying the following numbers!

26 seventeen (17) diecisiete (17) (dyehseeSYEHteh)

27 nineteen (19) diecinueve (19) (dyehseeNWEHbeh)

28 twenty (20) veinte (20) (BEYNteh)

29 twenty-four (24) veinticuatro (24) (beynteeKWAHtroh)

30 thirty (30) treinta (30) (TREYNtah)

31Numbers treinta y uno (thirty-one) through noventa y nueve (ninety-nine) are really easy! These numbers are formed by combining the tens and the single digits with y (and). Rememberthis rule for the next set of numbers!

32 thirty-two (32) (thirty and two (32))

treinta y dos (32) (TREYNtah ee dohs)

33 forty (40) cuarenta (40) (kwahREHNtah)

34 forty-five (45) cuarenta y cinco (45) (kwahREHNtah ee SEENkoh)

35 sixty (60) sesenta (60) (sehSEHNtah)



42





English Spanish

36 sixty-seven (67) sesenta y siete (67) (sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)

37 seventy (70) setenta (70) (sehTEHNtah)

38 seventy-six (76) setenta y seis (76) (sehTEHNtah ee seys)

39 eighty (80) ochenta (80) (ohCHEHNtah)

40 eighty-one (81) ochenta y uno (81) (ohCHEHNtah ee OOnoh)

41 ninety (90) noventa (90) (nohBEHNtah)

42 ninety-three (93) noventa y tres (93) (nohBEHNtah ee trehs)


43





Would you like to buy one?¿Le gustaría comprar uno?

English Spanish

1 Would you like to buy one? ¿Le gustaría comprar uno? (leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)

2 to like gustar (goosTAHR)

3In Spanish, many times you don't need to use pronouns because the verb ending tells whom youare talking about. Well, gustar (to like) is a special verb in Spanish, it always needs anaccompanying pronoun. For example, me gusta (I like), le gusta (he/ she likes; you [formal]like), and so on.

4 you like le gusta (leh gOOstah)

5 you would like le gustaría (leh goostahrEEah)

6 Would you like...? ¿Le gustaría...? (leh goostahrEEah)

7 to buy comprar (kohmPRAHR)

8 Would you like to buy...? ¿Le gustaría comprar...? (leh goostahrEEah cOHmprahr)

9 shoes zapatos (sahpAHtohs)

10 Would you like to see these shoes?¿Le gustaría ver estos zapatos? (leh goostahrEEah vehr EHstohssahpAHtohs)

11 I would like me gustaría (meh goostahrEEah )

12 those esos (EHsohs)

13 No. I would like to see those shoes, please.No. Me gustaría ver esos zapatos, porfavor. (noh meh goostahREEah behr EHsohssahPAHtohs pohr fahBOHR)

14 you would like te gustaría (teh goostahREEah)

15 tee shirt camiseta (kahmeeSEHtah)

16 Would you like to buy this tee shirt?¿Te gustaría comprar esta camiseta? (teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHStahkahmeeSEHtah)



44





English Spanish

17 that ese (EHseh)

18 that tee shirt esa camiseta (EHsah kahmeeSEHtah)

19You might have said *ese camiseta. Like adjectives and other describing words in Spanish,"this," "that," "these," and "those" also need to agree with the gender of the noun they describe. So the correct answer is esa camiseta.

20 I wouldn't like to buy that tee shirt.No me gustaría comprar esa camiseta. (noh meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHREHsah kahmeeSEHtah)

21 Stores in Mexico usually open around 10:00 a.m. and close late in the evening, around 8:00 p.m. Some of them may have a small break between 2:00 and 4:00p.m. for lunch.

22 store tienda (TYEHNdah)

23 clothes ropa (RROHpah)

24 clothing store (store of clothes)

tienda de ropa (TYEHNdah deh RROHpah)

25 shoe store tienda de zapatos (TYEHNdah deh sahPAHtohs)

26 Would you like to go to the shoe store?¿Te gustaría ir a la tienda de zapatos? (teh goostahREEah eer ah lah TYEHNdahdeh sahPAHtohs)

27 I would like to buy those shoes. How much dothey cost?

Me gustaría comprar esos zapatos.¿Cuánto cuestan? (meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsohssahPAHtohs KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn)

28 Would you like to buy clothes from that store?¿Te gustaría comprar ropa de esatienda? (teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR RROHpahdeh EHsah TYEHNdah)

29Even though many countries like Mexico have big department stores, there are still lots of smallstores and markets where you can buy all kinds of groceries. Be sure to ask the locals about theirmarkets.


45





Give me two, please. Deme dos, por favor.English Spanish

1 Give me two, please. Deme dos, por favor. (DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)

2 to give dar (dahr)

3 give me [imperative] deme (DEHmeh)

4 Give me three maps, please. Deme tres mapas, por favor. (DEHmeh trehs MAHpahs pohr fahBOHR)

5 (you) give me me da (meh dah)

6 Could you give me a book, please? (You give me a book, please?)

¿Me da un libro, por favor? (meh dah oon LEEbroh pohr fahBOHR)

7 (you) give me me das (meh dahs)

8 Could you give me those shoes? ¿Me das esos zapatos? (meh dahs EHsohs sahPAHtohs)

9

In Mexico, there are special markets known as tianguis. The word comes from the indigenouslanguage Nahuatl , and means "they are only in town for one day." The concept is similar to afree market and you can basically find all kinds of tianguis. There are different ones for food,groceries, clothes, furniture, books, pets, and even cars. You will be surprised by the things youcan find there!

10 (you) give us nos da (nohs dah)

11 Could you give us a map of Mexico, please?¿Nos da un mapa de México, por favor?(nohs dah oon MAHpah deh MEHheekohpohr fahBOHR)


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Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining Comidas y Bebidas

Chapter 6: Drinks and Dining

Conversational GoalsGain Insight into the Latin American FoodCultureOrder Drinks and MealsUnderstand Common Phrases Used atRestaurants

Grammar GoalsConvey Future Tense Using Ir aLearn the Prepositions Con, Sin, and ParaRecognize the Position of Adjectives in aSentenceUse the Conditional Verb Form PodríaUse the Impersonal Form of the Verb Haber


Good evening. Buenas tardes. (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)

What are you going to drink? ¿Qué va a tomar? (keh bah ah tohMAHR)

French wine, please. Vino francés, por favor. (BEEnoh frahnSEHS pohr fahBOHR )

There is no French wine. Do you want Italian wine?No hay vino francés. ¿Quiere vino italiano? (noh ay BEEnoh frahnSEHS KYEHreh BEEnoheetahLYAHnoh)

Yes, thank you. Sí, gracias. (see GRAHsyahs)

Are you ready to order? ¿Está listo para ordenar? (ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

Yes. Could you bring me the paella, please?Sí. ¿Podría traerme la paella, por favor? (see pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lahpahEHyah pohr fahBOHR)

Sure. Claro. (KLAHroh)


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Are you ready to order? ¿Está listo para ordenar?English Spanish

1 Are you ready to order? (Are you ready for order?)

¿Está listo para ordenar? (ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

2 You are ready. Está listo. (ehsTAH LEEStoh)

3 for para (PAHrah)

4 to order ordenar (ohrdthehNAHR)

5 to order (for order)

para ordenar (PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

6 ready to order (ready for order)

listo para ordenar (LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

7 María, are you ready to order?María, ¿estás lista para ordenar? (mahREEah ehsTAH LEEStah PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

8 Did you remember to change listo to lista because Maria is a female?

9 (you) are están (ehsTAHN)

10 Are you ready to order?¿Están listos para ordenar? (ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

11 to wait esperar (ehspehRAHR)

12 wait espere (ehsPEHreh)

13 Wait! I'm not ready to order.¡Espere! No estoy listo para ordenar. (ehsPEHreh noh ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

14 I want to wait. My friends are not ready toorder.

Quiero esperar. Mis amigos no estánlistos para ordenar. (KYEHroh ehspehRAR mees ahMEEgohsnoh ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

15 now ahora (ahOHrah)

16 (we) are estamos (ehsTAHmohs)

17 Now we are ready to order!¡Ahora estamos listos para ordenar! (ahOHrah ehsTAHmohs LEEStohs PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)



48





English Spanish18 Did you remember to change listo to listos to indicate that it's plural?

19

You will find that the menus in many Latin American countries are generally divided intoentradas (starters), plato principal (main course), bebidas (drinks) and postres (desserts).If you choose to eat out you may find it interesting to try the plato del día literally, "plate of theday" and, if you like to enjoy your meal surrounded by nature, you can go to restaurants thathave comidas para llevar (take-out food).


49





Could you bring me the paella?¿Podría traerme la paella?

English Spanish

1 Could you bring me the paella?¿Podría traerme la paella? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lahpahEHyah)

2 (you) could podría (pohDTHREEah)

3 to bring traer (trahEHR)

4 Could you bring...? ¿Podría traer...? (pohDTHREEah trahEHR)

5 to bring me traerme (trahEHRmeh)

6 Could you bring me...? ¿Podría traerme...? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh)

7Paella is a very popular dish in Spain and southern Latin American countries like Argentina. Itsmain ingredients are rice, vegetables and sea-food (such as lobster and shrimp). Some paellasare also cooked with meat or chicken but all of them have saffron, the ingredient that gives thepaella its characteristic color.

8 bottle botella (bohTEHyah)

9 water agua (AHwah)

10 bottle of water botella de agua (bohTEHyah deh AHwah)

11 Could you bring me a bottle of water?¿Podría traerme una botella de agua? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh OOnahbohTEHyah deh AHwah)

12 wine vino (BEEnoh)

13 bottle of wine botella de vino (bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh)

14 French francés (frahnSEHS)

15 to bring us traernos (trahEHRnohs)

16 Could you bring us a bottle of French wine?¿Podría traernos una botella de vinofrancés? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRnohs OOnahbohTEHyah deh BEEnoh frahnSEHS)



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English Spanish

17 to give me darme (DAHRmeh)

18 glass vaso (BAHsoh)

19 soda refresco (rrehFREHSkoh)

20 Could you give me a glass of soda?¿Podría darme un vaso de refresco? (pohDTHREEah DAHRmeh oon BAHsoh dehrrehFREHSkoh)

21 Could you bring me a little bit of Spanishpaella?

¿Podría traerme un poco de paellaespañola? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkohdeh pahEHyah ehspahNYOHlah)

22Did you notice that español changed to española? This is just another example of genderagreement. Since paella is a feminine noun it's adjective must agree and also becomefeminine.

23 sauce salsa (SAHLsah)

24 tomato tomate (tohMAHteh)

25 tomato sauce (sauce of tomato)

salsa de tomate (SAHLsah deh tohMAHteh)

26 salt sal (sahl)

27 doesn't have no tiene (noh TYEHneh)

28 The sauce doesn't have salt. Could you bringme a little, please?

La salsa no tiene sal. ¿Podría traermeun poco, por favor? (lah SAHLsah noh TYEHneh sahlpohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkohpohr fahBOHR)

29 sugar azúcar (ahSOOkahr)

30 coffee café (kahFEH)

31 coffee with sugar café con azúcar (kahFEH kohn ahSOOkahr)

32 Could you bring me a coffee with sugar?¿Podría traerme un café con azúcar? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon kahFEHkohn ahSOOkahr )

33 mushrooms hongos (OHNgohs)



51





English Spanish

34 without sin (seen)

35 without mushroom sauce sin salsa de hongos (seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)

36 chicken pollo (POHyoh)

37 Could you bring me the chicken withoutmushroom sauce?

¿Podría traerme el pollo sin salsa dehongos? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh ehl POHyohseen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)

38Each country in South America has a unique cuisine due to the different history, geography, andculture that each of them possess. The result is a wide variety of traditions and flavors. So, if youlike chicken, meat, or pasta you will find plenty of choices that will satisfy you. Don't worry if youare vegetarian! Many native foods are elaborated with vegetables and different herbs.


52





What are you going to drink? ¿Qué va a tomar?English Spanish

1 What are you going to drink? ¿Qué va a tomar? (keh bah ah tohMAHR)

2 to drink tomar (tohMAHR)

3 (you) are going to va a (bah ah)

4 are you going to drink ¿va a tomar? (bah ah tohMAHR)

5 what qué (keh)

6You may recall that que is the relative pronoun "that." However, qué with the accent over the "e"is the question word, "what." So in Spanish, one little accent mark can change the meaning of aword!

7 I am going to voy a (boy ah)

8 I'm going to drink a soda. Voy a tomar un refresco. (boy ah tohMAHR oon rrehFREHSkoh)

9 What are you going to order? ¿Qué va a ordenar? (keh bah ah ohrdthehNAHR)

10 I'm going to order the mushrooms with sauce.Voy a ordenar los hongos con salsa. (boy ah ohrdthehNAHR lohs OHNgohskohn SAHLsah)

11 you are going to vas a (bahs ah)

12 meat carne (KAHRneh)

13 Are you going to order the meat? ¿Vas a ordenar la carne? (bahs ah ohrdthehNAHR lah KAHRneh)

14 Wait. I'm not going to order now.Espere. No voy a ordenar ahora. (ehsPEHreh noh boy ah ohrdthehNAHRahOHrah)

15 to eat comer (kohMEHR)

16 I am going to eat. Voy a comer. (boy ah kohMEHR)

17 I'm not going to eat. No voy a comer. (noh boy ah kohMEHR)



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English Spanish

18 I'm ready to order. I'm going to eat the meatwith mushrooms.

Estoy listo para ordenar. Voy a comer lacarne con hongos. (ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHRboy ah kohMEHR lah KAHRneh kohnOHNgohs)

19 dessert postre (POHStreh)

20 Are you going to order dessert now?¿Va a ordenar el postre ahora? (bah ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStrehahOHrah)

21 we are going to vamos a (BAHmohs ah )

22 Are we going to go to the Italian restaurant?¿Vamos a ir al restaurante italiano? (BAHmohs ah eer ahl rrehstahwRAHNteheetahLYAHnoh)

23Do you remember that in Spanish in order to say "to" we used the preposition a? You may havenoticed that in this case we said al, not a. That is because al is actually a union of a and el fromel restaurante.

24 We are going to eat the dessert now.Vamos a comer el postre ahora. (BAHmohs ah kohMEHR ehl POHStrehahOHrah)

25 chocolate chocolate (chohkohLAHteh)

26 chocolate dessert (dessert of chocolate)

postre de chocolate (POHStreh deh chohkohLAHteh)

27 I'm going to order the chocolate dessert.Voy a ordenar el postre de chocolate. (boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh dehchohkohLAHteh )

28

Did you know that the seeds of chocolate were discovered 2,000 years ago in America? The firstpeople known to have tasted the chocolate were the ancient cultures of Mexico and CentralAmerica. The seeds of chocolate were then taken to Spain and used in a wide variety of recipes. It was at that moment that its popularity was spread throughout Europe and it still remains asone of the world's favorite flavors.


54





Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor.

English Spanish

1 Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor. (mehSEHrah TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtahpohr fahBOHR)

2 bring me tráigame (TRAYgahmeh)

3 bill cuenta (KWEHNtah)

4 Bring me the bill. Tráigame la cuenta. (TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah)

5 waitress mesera (mehSEHrah )

6 waiter mesero (mehSEHroh)

7 menu menú (mehNOO)

8 Waiter. Bring me the menu, please.Mesero. Tráigame el menú, por favor. (mehSEHroh TRAYgahmeh ehl mehNOOpohr fahBOHR)

9 I want to see the menu, please.Quiero ver el menú, por favor. (KYEHroh behr ehl mehNOO pohrfahBOHR)

10 Sure. Claro. (KLAHroh)

11 Sure. Here you are. (Sure. Here you have. )

Claro. Aquí tiene. (KLAHroh ahKEE TYEHneh)

12 Enjoy! ¡Buen provecho! (bwehn prohBEHchoh)

13In Latin America it is very common to use the expression "buen provecho" which roughlytranslates to, "enjoy your meal." But be careful! Common does not mean correct! Consequently,try to avoid it if you are having a formal meal.


55





Is there a table for two? ¿Hay una mesa para dos?English Spanish

1 Is there a table for two? ¿Hay una mesa para dos? (ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)

2 there is / there are hay (ay)

3 table mesa (MEHsah)

4 Is there a table? ¿Hay una mesa? (ay OOnah MEHsah)

5 a table for two una mesa para dos (OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)

6 Good morning. Is there a table for four,please?

Buenos días. ¿Hay una mesa paracuatro, por favor? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ay OOnah MEHsahPAHrah KWAHtroh pohr fahBOHR)

7 Is there a bathroom here? ¿Hay un baño aquí? (ay oon BAHnyoh ahKEE)

8 people gente (HEHNteh)

9 a lot of people mucha gente (MOOchah HEHNteh)

10 There are a lot of people in this restaurant.Hay mucha gente en este restaurante. (ay MOOchah HEHNteh ehn EHStehrrehstahwRAHNteh)

11 There isn't. No hay. (noh ay)

12 I'm sorry. Lo siento. (loh SYEHNtoh)

13 I'm sorry. There aren't any sodas. Lo siento. No hay refrescos. (loh SYEHNtoh noh ay rrehFREHSkohs)

14You might hear people say Disculpe or Lo siento to mean "I'm sorry." These two phrases cangenerally be used interchangeably. However, Disculpe can be used to say "I'm sorry" or "Excuseme", while Lo siento is generally used only to say "I'm sorry." Don't worry about when to usethem! The context will help you decide.

15 There isn't any more. No hay más. (noh ay mahs)

16 There isn't any more coffee. I'm sorry. No hay más café. Lo siento. (noh ay mahs kahFEH loh SYEHNtoh)


56





Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency Números y Monedas

Chapter 7: Numbers and Currency

Conversational GoalsDeal with Large NumbersDiscuss Payment MethodsHandle Currency with EaseRide a Taxi and Pay the Fare

Grammar GoalsLearn the Use of AdóndeLearn the Verbs Usar, Pagar, and AceptarUse the Expression Tener Que to ExpressNeedsUse the Possessive Adjectives Su, Mi, andTheir Plural FormsUse Aquí and Allí to Talk About Locations


Good morning. Where are you going? Buenos días. ¿Adónde va? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ahDTHOHNdeh bah)

I'm going to San Martín Street. How much is itfrom here?

Voy a la calle San Martín. ¿Cuánto esdesde aquí? (boy ah lah KAHyeh sahn mahrTEENKWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)

It's one hundred ten pesos. Son ciento diez pesos. (sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)

Well, let's go. Bueno. Vamos. (BWEHnoh BAHmohs)

I'm getting off here. Can I pay with credit card?Bajo aquí. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta decrédito? (BAHhoh ahKEE PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohntahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)

I'm sorry but I do not accept credit cards.Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas decrédito. (deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtohtahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)

Ok. Here you have one thousand pesos. Bueno. Aquí tiene mil pesos. (BWEHnoh ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)

Here's your change. Aquí tiene su cambio. (ahKEE TYEHneh soo KAHMbyoh)

Gracias. Adiós.


57





Thank you. Goodbye. Gracias. Adiós. (GRAHsyahs ahDTHYOHS)


58





Where are you going? ¿Adónde va?English Spanish

1 Where are you going? (To where do you go?)

¿Adónde va? (ahDTHOHNdeh bah)

2 where (to where)

adónde (ahDTHOHNdeh)

3

Pay attention to this new word adónde and learn how to differentiate it from dónde. Dóndemeans "where" and is used to ask questions about the location of something. Adónde, on theother hand, is the form used to inquire about the destination of someone or something, as in "towhere..." Consequently, in Spanish you would say, ¿Adónde vas? (To where are you going?) However, you can not say "*To where is the book?" Instead you say, "Where is the book?"(¿Dónde está el libro?).

4 (you) go va (bah)

5 to have to tener que (tehNEHR keh)

6 (you) have to tiene que (TYEHneh keh)

7 Where do you have to go? ¿Adónde tiene que ir? (ahDTHOHNdeh TYEHneh keh eer)

8 (I) have to tengo que (TEHNgoh keh)

9 to take tomar (tohMAHR)

10 taxi taxi (TAHksee)

11 I have to take a taxi. Where can I go?Tengo que tomar un taxi. ¿Adóndepuedo ir? (TEHNgoh keh tohMAHR oon TAHkseeahDTHOHNdeh PWEHdthoh eer)

12Traveling by taxi may be one of the cheapest ways of getting around in Latin America. However, ifyou are planning to use a taxi, always remember to take authorized taxis with all the familiarmarkings (like a yellow car with the white taxi light on the roof). And if you are at the airport orimportant bus station, it is a good idea to buy your ticket from a clearly marked taxi booth.

13 free libre (LEEbreh)

14This taxi is available. Where do you want togo? (This taxi is free. To where do you want to go?)

Este taxi está libre. ¿Adónde quiere ir? (EHSteh TAHksee ehsTAH LEEbrehahDTHOHNdeh KYEHreh eer)

15 (you) want quieres (KYEHrehs)



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English Spanish

16 evening tarde (TAHRdtheh)

17 Do you recall that tarde can also mean "afternoon" and "late?" If you forgot, don't worry! You willknow which tarde is being used by the context of the conversation.

18 I'm free this evening. Where do you want togo?

Estoy libre esta tarde. ¿Adónde quieresir? (ehsTOY LEEbreh EHStah TAHRdthehahDTHOHNdeh KYEHrehs eer )

19 sir señor (sehNYOHR)

20 Good morning, sir. Where do you want to go?Buenos días, señor. ¿Adónde quiere ir? (bwEHnohs dEEahs sehnyOHr ahdOHndehkeeEHreh eer )


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How much is it from here? ¿Cuánto es desde aquí?English Spanish

1 How much is it from here? ¿Cuánto es desde aquí? (KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)

2 How much is it? ¿Cuánto es? (KWAHNtoh ehs)

3 from desde (DEHSdtheh)

4 from here desde aquí (DEHSdtheh ahKEE)

5 there allí (ahYEE)

6 How much is it to there? (How much is it until there?)

¿Cuánto es hasta allí? (KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah ahYEE)

7 airport aeropuerto (ahehrohPWEHRtoh)

8 hotel hotel (ohTEHL)

9 Did you remember that in Spanish the "h" is always silent?

10 How much is it from the airport to the hotel?¿Cuánto es desde el aeropuerto hastael hotel? (KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ehlahehrohPWEHRtoh AHStah ehl hohTEHL)

11 avenue avenida (ahbehNEEdthah)

12 How much is it to San Juan Avenue?¿Cuánto es hasta la avenida San Juan? (KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah lahahbehNEEdthahh san hwahn)

13 station estación (ehstahSYOHN)

14I'm going to the station. How much is it fromhere? (I go until the station. How much is it fromhere?)

Voy hasta la estación. ¿Cuánto esdesde aquí? (boy AHStah lah ehstahSYOHN KWAHNtohehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)


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I'm getting off here. Bajo aquí.English Spanish

1 I'm getting off here. Bajo aquí. (BAHhoh ahKEE)

2 to get off bajar (bahHAHR)

3 (I) get off bajo (BAHhoh)

4 Do you see the pattern here? Now try to apply this pattern to the new verb you just learned.

5 (we) get off bajamos (bahHAHmohs)

6 We get off there. Bajamos allí. (bahHAHmohs ahYEE)

7 We get off here. Can you wait, please?Bajamos aquí. ¿Puede esperar, porfavor? (bahHAHmohs ahKEE PWEHdthehehspehRAHR pohr fahBOHR)

8You have seen that verbs in Spanish must reflect their subject. Most follow a regular pattern. Given the verb hablar (to speak) and habla (you speak, formal), try to guess the answer to thisnext slide.

9 (you) get off baja (BAHhah)

10 Where do you get off? ¿Dónde baja? (DOHNdeh BAHhah)

11 Where do you have to get off? ¿Dónde tiene que bajar? (DOHNdeh TYEHneh keh bahHAHR)

12 next próxima (PROHkseemah)

13 stop parada (pahRAHdthah)

14 at the next stop (on the next stop)

en la próxima parada (ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)

15 Do you get off at the next stop?¿Baja en la próxima parada? (BAHhah ehn lah PROHkseemahhpahRAHdthah)

16 following siguiente (seeGYEHNteh)

17 No. I get off at the following one. (No. I get off on the following.)

No. Bajo en la siguiente. (noh BAHhoh ehn lah seeGYEHNteh)



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English Spanish

18 to get on subir (sooBEER)

19 I can get on at the next stop.Puedo subir en la próxima parada. (PWEHdthoh sooBEER ehn lahPROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)

20 Can I get on here? ¿Puedo subir aquí? (PWEHdthoh sooBEER ahKEE)

21 Where do I have to get on? ¿Dónde tengo que subir? (DOHNdeh TEHNgoh keh sooBEER)

22Always remember to research your destination before leaving and, as you are packing, think twiceabout the valuables you need to take! It is always recommended not to travel with things thatyou won't use.


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It's one hundred ten pesos. Son ciento diez pesos.English Spanish

1 It's one hundred ten pesos. (They are one hundred ten pesos. )

Son ciento diez pesos. (sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)

2 one hundred (100) cien (100) (syehn)

3Numbering in the hundreds also follows a regular pattern in Spanish. That makes it easy, right? All you have to do is add -to to the end of the word hundred. For example one hundred twenty isciento veinte and one hundred sixteen is ciento dieciséis.

4 one hundred ten (110) ciento diez (110) (SYEHNtoh dyehs)

5 one hundred ten pesos ciento diez pesos (SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)

6 change cambio (KAHMbyoh)

7 Do you have change? ¿Tiene cambio? (TYEHneh KAHMbyoh)

8 Do you have change for a hundred? (Do you have change of a hundred?)

¿Tiene cambio de cien? (TYEHneh KAHMbyoh deh syehn)

9 one hundred five (105) ciento cinco (105) (SYEHNtoh SEENcoh)

10 two hundred (200) doscientos (200) (dohsSYEHNtohs)

11 Did you notice that because two is plural we have to add an -s? This is why we say ciento doce(one hundred twelve), but doscientos doce (two hundred twelve).

12 two hundred twenty-two (222) doscientos veintidós (222) (dohsSYEHNtohs beynteeDTHOHS)

13 three hundred (300) trescientos (300) (trehsSYEHNtohs)

14 three hundred forty (340) trescientos cuarenta (340) (trehsSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah)

15 four hundred sixty-seven (467)cuatrocientos sesenta y siete (467) (kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah eeSYEHteh)

16 five hundred (500) quinientos (500) (keenYEHNtohs)

17 I'm sorry. I don't have change for fivehundred.

Disculpe, no tengo cambio dequinientos. (deesKOOLpeh noh TEHNgoh KAHMbyohdeh keenYEHNtohs)



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English Spanish

18 five hundred ninety-one (591) quinientos noventa y uno (591) (keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee OOnoh)

19 six hundred eleven (611) seiscientos once (611) (seysSYEHNtohs OHNseh)

20 seven hundred eighty-five (785)setecientos ochenta y cinco (785) (sehtehSYEHNtohs ohCHEHNtah eeSEENcoh)

21 eight hundred fifty-nine (859)ochocientos cincuenta y nueve (859) (ohchohSYEHNtohs seenKWEHNtah eeNWEHbeh)

22 nine hundred (900) novecientos (900) (nohbehSYEHNtohs)

23 It's nine hundred forty-eight pesos, please.Son novecientos cuarenta y ocho pesos,por favor. (sohn nohbehSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtahee OHchoh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)


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Can I pay with a credit card?¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito?

English Spanish

1 Can I pay with a credit card?¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito? (PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtahdeh KREHdtheetoh)

2 to pay pagar (pahGAHR)

3 Can I pay? ¿Puedo pagar? (PWEHdthoh pahGAHR)

4 credit card tarjeta de crédito (tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)

5 debit card tarjeta de débito (tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)

6 I can't pay with debit card.No puedo pagar con tarjeta de débito. (noh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohntahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)

7 to use usar (ooSAHR)

8 Can I use my credit card here?¿Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí?(PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah dehKREHdtheetoh ahKEE)

9 traveler's check cheque del viajero (CHEHkeh dehl byaHEHroh)

10 my [plural] mis (mees)

11 I'm going to use my traveler's checks.Voy a usar mis cheques del viajero. (boy ah ooSAHR mees CHEHkehs dehlbyaHEHroh)

12Did you notice that the words used in Spanish to show possession have singular and plural formsin order to agree with the noun? So, you will say mi tarjeta de crédito (my credit card) butmis tarjetas de débito (my debit cards). You say su cheque del viajero (your traveler'scheck) but sus dólares (your dollars).

13 your su (soo)

14 your [plural] sus (soos)

15 I'm sorry. You can't use your traveler's checkshere.

Disculpe. No puede usar sus chequesdel viajero aquí. (deesKOOLpeh noh PWEHdtheh ooSAHRsoos CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh ahKEE)

16 cash efectivo (ehfehkTEEboh)


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English Spanish

17 I don't have cash. Can I pay with my debitcard?

No tengo efectivo. ¿Puedo pagar conmi tarjeta de débito? (noh TEHNgoh ehfehkTEEboh PWEHdthohpahGAHR kohn mee tahrHEHtah dehDEHbeetoh)

18 I can use my credit card here.Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí. (PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah dehKREHdtheetoh ahKEE)

19The use of credit and debit cards is really convenient, but don't forget to have a back-up plan incase you lose your card (or have it swallowed by an ATM). It is always a good idea to travel withsome traveler's checks or a small amount of cash, just in case.


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I'm sorry, but I do not accept credit cards.Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas de crédito.

English Spanish

1 I'm sorry, but I do not accept credit cards.Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas decrédito. (deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtohtahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)

2 to accept aceptar (ahsehpTAHR)

3 I accept acepto (ahSEHPtoh)

4 I don't accept no acepto (noh ahSEHPtoh)

5 I m sorry but I don´t accept... Disculpe pero no acepto... (deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh)

6 I accept credit cards but I don't accepttraveler's checks.

Acepto tarjetas de crédito pero noacepto cheques del viajero. (ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs dehKREHdtheetoh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtohCHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh)

7 only sólo (SOHloh)

8 is accepted se acepta (seh ahSEHPtah)

9 Only cash is accepted. Sólo se acepta efectivo. (SOHloh seh ahSEHPtah ehfehkTEEboh )

10 Credit cards are not accepted in this taxi.No se aceptan tarjetas de crédito eneste taxi. (noh seh ahSEHPtahn tahrHEHtahs dehKREHdtheetoh ehn EHSteh TAHksee)

11Did you notice that se acepta (is accepted) changed to se aceptan (are accepted)? Remember the verb must always agree with the subject. So, since tarjetas de crédito is plural,we add the -n to end of the verb to make it plural as well.

12 Are traveler's checks accepted here?¿Se aceptan cheques del viajero aquí? (seh ahSEHPtahn CHEHkehs dehlbyaHEHroh ahKEE)

13 dollar dólar (DOHlahr)

14 No. But dollars and pesos are accepted.No. Pero se aceptan dólares y pesos. (noh PEHroh seh ahSEHPtahn DOHlahrehsee PEHsohs)


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Here you are one thousand pesos.Aquí tiene mil pesos.

English Spanish

1 Here you are one thousand pesos. (Here you have one thousand pesos.)

Aquí tiene mil pesos. (ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)

2 thousand (1,000) mil (1,000) (meel)

3 a thousand pesos mil pesos (meel PEHsohs)

4When dealing with numbers, pay attention to the use of commas and periods. Some countries inLatin America, like Argentina for example, use periods instead of commas to separate thousands,and they also use commas instead of periods to mark the decimal units. So, in Argentina 5,000would be 5.000 and 29.99 would be 29,99.

5 two thousand (2,000) dos mil (2,000) (dohs meel )

6 two thousand five hundred ninety-three(2,593)

dos mil quinientos noventa y tres(2,593) (dohs meel keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah eetrehs)

7 three thousand (3,000) tres mil (3,000) (trehs meel)

8 Can I pay with three thousand dollars?¿Puedo pagar con tres mil dólares? (PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn trehs meelDOHlahrehs)

9 four thousand nine hundred sixty-five (4,965)cuatro mil novecientos sesenta y cinco(4,965) (KWAHtroh meel nohbehSYEHNtohssehSEHNtah ee SEENcoh)

10 five thousand (5,000) cinco mil (5,000) (SEENcoh meel)

11 five thousand four hundred seventy-one(5,471)

cinco mil cuatrocientos setenta y uno(5,471) (SEENcoh meel kwahtrohSYEHNtohssehTEHNtah ee OOnoh)

12 six thousand forty-eight (6,048) seis mil cuarenta y ocho (6,048) (seys meel kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh)

13 seven thousand (7,000) siete mil (7,000) (SYEHteh meel)

14 eight thousand three (8,003) ocho mil tres (8,003) (OHchoh meel trehs)

15 nine thousand five hundred thirteen (9,513) nueve mil quinientos trece (9,513) (NWEHbeh meel keenYEHNtohs TREHseh)


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Chapter 8: Getting Help Obteniendo Ayuda

Chapter 8: Getting Help

Conversational GoalsAccept or Decline HelpAsk for and Offer HelpDescribe Emergency SituationsGain Knowledge of Emergency Services inLatin America

Grammar GoalsForm Subordinate Clauses Using QueForm the Past TenseLearn the Present Progressive TensePractice More Reflexive VerbsUse the Adjectives Algún and Ningún


What´s wrong? ¿Qué pasa? (keh PAHsah)

I don't feel well. I think I have a high fever.No me siento bien. Creo que tengo fiebrealta. (noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn KREHoh kehTEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)

Does something hurt? ¿Le duele algo? (leh DWEHleh AHLgoh)

Yes. My head hurts. Si. Me duele la cabeza. (see meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)

Is there a hospital close by? ¿Hay un hospital cerca? (ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)

No. Do you want me to call a taxi? No. ¿Quiere que llame a un taxi? (noh KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon TAHksee)

Yes, please. Sí, por favor. (see pohr fahBOHR)


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What's wrong? ¿Qué pasa?English Spanish

1 What's wrong? (What happens?)

¿Qué pasa? (keh PAHsah)

2 to happen pasar (pahSAHR)

3 it happens pasa (PAHsah)

4 Is something wrong? (Something happen?)

¿Pasa algo? (PAHsah AHLgoh)

5 nothing nada (NAHdthah)

6 The word nada means "nothing" and it can often mean "anything" as well.

7 Nothing is wrong. I'm fine. No pasa nada. Estoy bien. (noh PAHsah NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)

8

Did you notice that in Spanish you can negate a sentence twice? That's because in Spanishdouble negatives are very common, so you will frequently hear people saying No pasa nada(Nothing happens), No tengo nada (I have nothing), No quiero nada (I want nothing). Thisgenerally happens when nada is right after the verb so, you first negate the verb and then addthe word nada.

9 happened pasó (pahSOH)

10 How did it happen? ¿Cómo pasó? (KOHmoh pahSOH)

11 Are you okay? What happened? ¿Está bien? ¿Qué pasó? (ehsTAH byehn keh pahSOH)

12 happening pasando (pahSAHNdoh)

13Creating the -ing form in Spanish generally follows a regular pattern. For verbs that end in -ar yousimply drop the last -r of the verb and add -ndo. For verbs that end in -er or -ir you drop thisending and add -iendo. So, pasar becomes pasando, comer changes to comiendo, andsubir becomes subiendo etc.

14 What's happening? ¿Qué está pasando? (keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh)

15 with you contigo (kohnTEEgoh)

16 What's wrong with you? ¿Qué pasa contigo? (keh PAHsah kohnTEEgoh)



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English Spanish

17 What happened to you? (What happened with you?)

¿Qué pasó contigo? (keh pahSOH kohnTEEgoh)

18 ¿Qué pasa contigo? and ¿Qué pasó contigo? can also be used interchangeably to mean"What's wrong with you?"

19 with me conmigo (kohnMEEgoh)

20 What's going on with me? (What's happening with me?)

¿Qué está pasando conmigo? (keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh kohnMEEgoh)

21 to fall caer (kahEHR)

22 to fall oneself caerse (kahEHRseh)

23 I fell me caí (meh kahYEE)

24 Did you notice that you need to use me before the verb caí?

25 I fell. But nothing happened. I'm fine.Me caí. Pero no pasó nada, estoy bien. (meh kahEE PEHroh noh pahSOHNAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)

26In Latin America, emergency telephone numbers are usually a three-digit number that may differfrom country to country. In Mexico, depending on where you are you will dial 066, 060 or 080 foremergency services. And, the emergency numbers in Guatemala are 110, 120 and 123. So, besure to look for the number before entering a country and to have it on hand, just in case.


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I don't feel well. No me siento bien.English Spanish

1 I don't feel well. (I myself don't feel well.)

No me siento bien. (noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn)

2 to feel oneself sentirse (sehnTEERseh)

3Did you notice that sentirse is another reflexive verb? Remember that reflexive verbs mean theaction of the subject is being carried out on the subject itself. You must always include thepronoun with reflexive verbs. So, he feels is Él se siente.

4 (I) feel ((I) myself feel)

me siento (meh SYEHNtoh)

5 well bien (byehn)

6 I feel well. Me siento bien. (meh SYEHNtoh byehn)

7 I feel well. I'm not tired.Me siento bien. No estoy cansado. (meh SYEHNtoh byehn noh ehsTOYkahnSAHdthoh)

8 dizzy mareado (mahrehAHdthoh)

9 I feel dizzy! ¡Me siento mareada! (meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah)

10 (you) feel ((you) yourself feel)

se siente (seh SYEHNteh)

11 How do you feel? ¿Cómo se siente? (KOHmoh seh SYEHNteh)

12 Do you feel okay? ¿Se siente bien? (seh SYEHNteh byehn)

13 bad mal (mahl)

14 I feel bad. Me siento mal. (meh SYEHNtoh mahl)


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I believe that I have a high fever.Creo que tengo fiebre alta.

English Spanish

1 I believe that I have a high fever. Creo que tengo fiebre alta. (KREHoh keh TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)

2 to believe creer (krehEHR)

3 (I) believe creo (KREHoh)

4 I believe that I have... Creo que tengo... (KREHoh keh TEHNgoh)

5 fever fiebre (FYEHbreh)

6 I have a fever. Tengo fiebre. (TEHNgoh FYEHbreh)

7 high alto (AHLtoh)

8 Just a heads up, fiebre is a feminine noun.

9 I have a high fever. Tengo fiebre alta. (TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)

10 pain dolor (dohLOHR)

11 stomachache dolor de estómago (dohLOHR deh ehsTOHmahgoh)

12 he has él tiene (ehl TYEHneh)

13 I believe that he has a stomachache.Creo que tiene dolor de estómago. (KREHoh keh TYEHneh dohLOHR dehehsTOHmahgoh)

14 head cabeza (kahBEHsah)

15 headache dolor de cabeza (dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah)

16 I don't have a headache. I'm okay now.No tengo dolor de cabeza. Estoy bienahora. (noh TEHNgoh dohLOHR deh kahBEHsahehsTOY byehn ahOHrah)

17 to faint desmayarse (dehsmahYAHRseh)



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English Spanish

18 I faint. Me desmayo. (meh dehsMAHyoh)

19 Help! ¡Auxilio! (ahwksEElyoh)

20 (he) is going to va a (bah ah)

21 Heads up! Desmayarse is not the main verb in this next sentence. This means we will notchange its ending.

22 Help! I believe he is going to faint!¡Auxilio! ¡Creo que va a desmayarse! (ahwksEElyoh KREHoh keh bah ahdehsmahYAHRseh)

23

Traveling may be an extremely interesting and joyful experience but, did you know that thechances of contracting illnesses increase when traveling? Therefore, you should be prepared forsuch risks and seek appropriate advice before leaving your country. Ask your doctor for medicinesyou may need to take with you and whether there is a particular tablet or shot you are required totake before entering the country.


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My head hurts. Me duele la cabeza.English Spanish

1 My head hurts. (The head hurts me. )

Me duele la cabeza. (meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)

2 to hurt doler (dohLEHR)

3 it hurts me me duele (meh DWEHleh)

4Did you notice that in Spanish we don't use the possessive to refer to the part of the body thathurts? In English you say "My head hurts", but in Spanish you say ¡Me duele la cabeza! (not¡Me duele mi cabeza!).

5 stomach estómago (ehsTOHmahgoh)

6 I don't feel well. My stomach hurts.No me siento bien. Me duele elestómago. (noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn meh DWEHlehehl ehsTOHmahgoh)

7 it hurts you le duele (leh DWEHleh)

8 What hurts? ¿Qué le duele? (keh leh DWEHleh)

9 back espalda (eehsPAHLdah)

10 My back hurts! ¡Me duele la espalda! (meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah )

11 Where does it hurt? ¿Dónde le duele? (DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)

12 not anymore ya no (yah noh)

13 In Spanish, the structure ya no always goes at the beginning of the sentence. Remember thisrule for the next line!

14 My head doesn't hurt anymore. Now, my backhurts!

Ya no me duele la cabeza. ¡Ahora meduele la espalda! (yah noh meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsahahOHrah meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah)

15 leg pierna (PYEHRnah)

16 Does your leg hurt? ¿Le duele la pierna? (leh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)

17 No. My leg doesn't hurt anymore.No. Ya no me duele la pierna. (noh yah noh meh DWEHleh lahPYEHRnah)



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English Spanish

18 it hurts you te duele (teh DWEHleh)

19 Does your stomach hurt? ¿Te duele el estómago? (teh DWEHleh ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)

20 No. Not anymore. No. Ya no. (noh yah noh)


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Do you want me to call a doctor?¿Quiere que llame a un doctor?

English Spanish

1 Do you want me to call a doctor? (Do you want that I call to a doctor?)

¿Quiere que llame a un doctor? (KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)

2 to call llamar (yahMAHR)

3 (I) call llamo (YAHmoh)

4 Do you want me to call? (You want that I call?)

¿Quiere que llame? (KYEHreh keh YAHmeh)

5

You might have said *¿Quiere que llamo? or *¿Quiere que llamar? However in Spanish, weuse the subjunctive form of the verb when we want to convey Wishes, Impersonal Expressions,Emotions, Requests, Doubts/ Desires, Opinions, Negative Commands, Uncertainty, orTentativeness. (You can remember these with the acronym "WEIRDO NUT.") In Spanish, thisgenerally means that if the verb ends in -ar you drop this ending and add an -e. And, if the verbends in -er or -ir, you will drop this and add an -a. So, the subjunctive form of llamar is llame.

6 doctor doctor (dohkTOHR)

7 Call! [imperative] ¡Llame! (YAHmeh )

8 Call a doctor! ¡Llame a un doctor! (YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)

9 emergency emergencia (ehmehrHEHNsyah)

10 It is an emergency. Call a doctor!Es una emergencia. ¡Llame a un doctor!(ehs OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah YAHmeh ahoon dohkTOHR)

11 police policía (pohleeSEEah)

12 Do you want me to call the police?¿Quiere que llame a la policía? (KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah lahpohleeSEEah)

13 For this next slide remember that when you give a negative command, you need to drop the -rand change the last vowel accordingly to form the subjunctive form of the verb.

14 Don't call the police. It is not an emergency.No llame a la policía. No es unaemergencia. (noh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah noh ehsOOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah)

15 to steal robar (rrohBAHR)

16 (they) steal roban (RROHbahn)


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English Spanish

17 (they) stole robaron (rrohBAHrohn)

18 I was robbed! (They stole from me!)

¡Me robaron! (meh rrohBAHrohn)

19 passport pasaporte (pahsahPOHRteh)

20 They stole my passport. Call the police!Me robaron mi pasaporte. ¡Llame a lapolicía! (meh rrohBAHrohn mee pahsahPOHRtehYAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)

21

South America is a fascinating continent with plenty of gorgeous places to visit and friendlypeople to meet! But when visiting a country there, just like when you visit any other country in theworld, you need to take a few basic safety precautions. These include protecting your valuables byleaving them at home, trying not to look like a tourist when you go out and being cautious whenusing ATMs. In short, always rely on your common sense for your own safety and enjoy yourtravels, but be safe!


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I need an ambulance! ¡Necesito una ambulancia!English Spanish

1 I need an ambulance! ¡Necesito una ambulancia! (nehsehSEEtoh OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)

2 to need necesitar (nehsehseeTAHR)

3 (I) need necesito (nehsehSEEtoh)

4 I don't need no necesito (noh nehsehSEEtoh)

5 ambulance ambulancia (ahmbooLAHNsyah)

6 an ambulance una ambulancia (OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)

7 (you) need necesita (nehsehSEEtah)

8 What do you need? ¿Qué necesita? (keh nehsehSEEtah)

9 (you) need necesitas (nehsehSEEtahs)

10 medicine medicina (mehdtheeSEEnah)

11 Do you need to take your medicine?¿Necesitas tomar tu medicina? (nehsehSEEtahs tohMAHR toomehdtheeSEEnah)

12 (he / she) needs necesita (nehsehSEEtah)

13 Is he ok? What does he need? ¿Está bien? ¿Qué necesita? (ehsTAH byehn keh nehsehSEEtah)

14 to seat oneself sentarse (sehnTAHRseh)

15 My husband is dizzy. He needs to sit down.Mi esposo está mareado. Necesitasentarse. (mee ehsPOHsoh ehsTAH mahrehAHdthohnehsehSEEtah sehnTAHRseh)

16

Did you know that altitude sickness is a common illness for those going to altitudes over 2,438m? Well, be aware the highest point in Argentina is 6,960 m! Chile reaches as high as 6,880m! And, Peru's highest point is 6,768 m! So, if you are planning to visit countries such as Perú, Chileor Argentina you should consult your doctor before as there are some treatments for altitudesickness that can be prescribed.



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English Spanish

17 any algún (ahlGOON)

18 I feel dizzy. Are there any doctors here?Me siento mareada. ¿Hay algún doctoraquí? (meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah ayahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)

19 help ayuda (ahYOOdthah)

20 Do you need help? ¿Necesita ayuda? (nehsehSEEtah ahYOOdthah)

21 Yes. I need you to call an ambulance!Sí. ¡Necesito que llame a unaambulancia! (see nehsehSEEtoh keh YAHmeh ahOOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)


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Is there a hospital close by?¿Hay un hospital cerca?

English Spanish

1 Is there a hospital close by? ¿Hay un hospital cerca? (ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)

2 hospital hospital (ohspeeTAHL)

3 Did you remember the "h" is always silent in Spanish?

4 a hospital un hospital (oon ohspeeTAHL)

5 close by cerca (SEHRkah)

6 a hospital close by un hospital cerca (oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)

7 clinic clínica (KLEEneekah)

8 any clinic alguna clínica (ahlGOOnah KLEEneekah)

9 I feel bad. Are there any clinics close by?Me siento mal. ¿Hay alguna clínicacerca? (meh SYEHNtoh mahl ay ahlGOOnahKLEEneekah SEHRkah)

10Most people that travel to Latin America do not need medical attention. But accidents mayhappen anywhere! So, take into account that if you are in a remote or rural area and are in needof a doctor, you may want to travel to a bigger town or city where modern facilities will beavailable.

11 Are there any doctors here? ¿Hay algún doctor aquí? (ay ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)

12 none ninguno (neenGOOnoh)

13 No. There aren't any. (No. There aren't none.)

No. No hay ninguno. (noh noh ay neenGOOnoh)

14 Recall how Spanish allows for the use of double negatives. This is why we say, "There aren'tnone," instead of, "There aren't any."

15 There aren't any clinics close by.No hay ninguna clínica cerca. (noh ay neenGOOnah KLEEneekahSEHRkah)

16There aren't any doctors. Should I call anambulance? (There aren't none doctor. I call to theambulance?)

No hay ningún doctor. ¿Llamo a laambulancia? (noh ay neenGOON dohkTOHR YAHmoh ahlah ahmbooLAHNsyah)

17Did you say *ninguno doctor? Very close! However, remember what you learned about howadjectives drop the final -o when they precede a masculine noun. Therefore, if we were referringto a female doctor we would say, ninguna doctora.


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Chapter 9: What Does That Mean? ¿Qué Significa?

Chapter 9: What Does That Mean?

Conversational GoalsAsk and Tell What a Word or Phrase MeansAsk and Tell What a Written Word or PhraseSaysCommunicate One's Ability to UnderstandSomethingExpress Gratitude for a Past DeedRequest to Repeat, Slow Down, or Speak Up

Grammar GoalsForm ComparativesPractice More Demonstrative PronounsPractice More Verbs in the Past TenseRecognize Impersonal Pronoun Clitics


Excuse me, what does this sign say?Disculpe, ¿qué dice este letrero? (deesKOOLpeh keh DEEseh EHStehlehTREHroh)

It says "Do not enter." Dice "No pasar". (DEEseh noh pahSAHR)

I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?No entiendo. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor? (noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)

It says "Do not enter." Dice "No Pasar". (DEEseh noh pahSAHR)

Well, thank you for your help.Bueno, gracias por su ayuda. (BWEHnoh GRAHsyahs pohr sooahYOOdthah)

You are welcome. De nada. (deh NAHdthah)


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I don't understand. No entiendo.English Spanish

1 I don't understand. No entiendo. (noh ehnTYEHNdoh)

2 to understand entender (ehntehnDEHR)

3 (I) understand entiendo (ehnTYEHNdoh)

4 Entender (to understand) is an irregular verb like costar (to cost) and decir (to say). Be carefulwith these verbs because their conjugations do not follow the same pattern regular verbs do.

5 Can you speak...? ¿Puede hablar...? (PWEHdtheh ahBLAHR)

6 slow despacio (dehsPAHseeoh)

7 slower (more slow)

más despacio (mahs dehsPAHseeoh)

8 I don't understand. Can you speak slower?No entiendo. ¿Puede hablar másdespacio? (noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh ahBLAHRmahs dehsPAHseeoh)

9 louder (more high)

más alto (mahs AHLtoh)

10 Louder, please. I don't understand.Más alto, por favor. No entiendo. (mahs AHLtoh pohr fahBOHR nohehnTYEHNdoh)

11As you can see, it is easy to use comparatives in Spanish! Generally speaking, in Spanish, youonly have to add the word más (more) to the adjective, for example: más alto (louder), másdespacio (slower).

12 handwriting letra (LEHtrah)

13 I don't understand the handwriting! ¡No entiendo la letra! (noh ehnTYEHNdoh lah LEHtrah)

14 word palabra (pahLAHbrah)

15 I don't understand this word. No entiendo esta palabra. (noh ehnTYEHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)

16 Did you notice that este became esta in order to agree with the gender of palabra?


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The sign says "Emergency Exit."El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia".

English Spanish

1 The sign says "Emergency Exit."El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia". (ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh sahLEEdthah dehehmehrHEHNseeah)

2 to say decir (dehSEER)

3 (it) says dice (DEEseh)

4 sign letrero (lehTREHroh)

5 the sign says el letrero dice (ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh)

6 Emergency Exit Salida de Emergencia (sahLEEdthah deh ehmehrHEHNsyah)

7 danger peligro (pehLEEgroh)

8 to pass pasar (pahSAHR)

9 Do not enter. (Do not pass.)

No pasar. (noh pahSAHR)

10 The sign says "Danger. Do not enter."El letrero dice "Peligro. No pasar". (ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh pehLEEgroh nohpahSAHR)

11 (you) said dijo (DEEhoh)

12 (I) understood entendí (ehntehnDEE)

13 I didn't understand. What did you say? No entendí. ¿Qué dijo? (noh ehntehnDEE keh DEEhoh)

14 I don't understand Italian. What did he say?No entiendo italiano. ¿Qué dijo? (noh ehnTYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh kehDEEhoh)

15 Did you remember that you use the same form of the verb for he/ she/ it and you (formal)?


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Can you repeat it? ¿Puede repetirlo?English Spanish

1 Can you repeat it? ¿Puede repetirlo? (PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)

2 to repeat repetir (rrehpehTEER)

3 repeat it repetirlo (rrehpehTEERloh)

4 to hear escuchar (ehskooCHAHR)

5 (I) heard escuché (ehskooCHEH)

6 I didn't hear well. Can you repeat it, please?No escuché bien. ¿Puede repetirlo, porfavor? (noh ehskooCHEH byehn PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)

7 noise ruido (RWEEdthoh)

8 There's a lot of noise here. Can you repeat it?Hay mucho ruido aquí. ¿Puederepetirlo? (ay MOOchoh RWEEdthoh ahKEEPWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)

9 I didn't understand that. Can you repeat it?No entendí eso. ¿Puede repetirlo? (noh ehntehnDEE EHsoh PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh)


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What does it mean? ¿Qué significa?English Spanish

1 What does it mean? ¿Qué significa? (keh seegneeFEEkah)

2 to mean significar (seegneefeeKAHR)

3 (it) means significa (seegneeFEEkah)

4 What does this mean? ¿Qué significa esto? (keh seegneeFEEkah EHStoh)

5 This means that you can't enter.Esto significa que no puede pasar. (EHStoh seegneeFEEkah keh nohPWEHdtheh pahSAHR)

6 What does this word mean? ¿Qué significa esta palabra? (keh seegneeFEEkah EHStah pahLAHbrah)

7 Does this word mean danger?¿Esta palabra significa peligro? (EHStah pahLAHbrah seegneeFEEkahpehLEEgroh)

8 cell phone teléfono celular (tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)

9 Does that mean that I can't use my cellphone?

¿Eso significa que no puedo usar miteléfono celular? (EHsoh seegneeFEEkah keh nohPWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tehLEHfohnohsehlooLAHR)

10 In Latin America, you will hear people say celular, which is the short form of teléfono celular.

11 It means nothing. No significa nada. (noh seegneeFEEkah NAHdthah)


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Thank you for explaining this to me.Gracias por explicarme esto.

English Spanish

1 Thank you for explaining this to me.Gracias por explicarme esto. (GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmehEHStoh)

2 to explain explicar (ehkspleeKAHR)

3 to explain to me explicarme (ehkspleeKAHRmeh)

4 explaining this to me (to explain this to me)

explicarme esto (ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)

5 for por (pohr)

6You probably recall that for is also para. Both por and para mean "for." Para is usually used toindicate an end point, goal or target. For example, Este es para usted. Por usually indicatesan intermediate point of time. For example, por dos horas. Or, when used to indicateexchange, as in, "thank you for..."

7 thank you for gracias por (GRAHsyahs pohr)

8 Thank you for explaining this word to me.Gracias por explicarme esta palabra. (GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmehEHStah pahLAHbrah)

9 explanation explicación (ehkspleekahSYOHN)

10 Thank you for the explanation. Gracias por la explicación. (GRAHsyahs pohr lah ehkspleekahSYOHN)

11 time tiempo (TYEHMpoh)

12 your time su tiempo (soo TYEHMpoh)

13 I understand now! Thank you for your time.¡Ahora entiendo! Gracias por su tiempo.(¡ahOHrah ehnTEHNdoh! GRAHsyahs pohrsoo TYEHMpoh. )

14 we understand entendemos (ehntehnDEHmohs)

15 Yes, we understand. Thanks for your help.Sí, entendemos. Gracias por su ayuda. (see ehntehnDEHmohs GRAHsyahs pohrsoo ahYOOdthah)


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Chapter 10: Languages andCommunication

Chapter 10: Languages and Communication

Conversational GoalsAsk and Tell What Something IsGive or Respond to a ComplimentRequest or Agree to Speak in SpanishRequest or Provide a Performance ReviewTell Someone that You Are LearningSomething

Grammar GoalsPractice Impersonal Pronoun CliticsPractice the Present Progressive TenseUse the Verb Deber to Talk AboutObligationsUse Si to Talk About Conditions


Excuse me. How is this word pronounced?Disculpe, ¿cómo se pronuncia estapalabra? (deesKOOLpeh KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyahEHStah pahLAHbrah)

"Estacionamiento." "Estacionamiento". (ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh)

"Estacionamiento." Is that ok? "Estacionamiento" ¿Está bien? (ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh ehsTAH byehn)

Perfect. You are good at Spanish!Perfecto. ¡Usted es bueno con el español! (pehrFEHKtoh oosTEHDTH ehs BWEHnohkohn ehl ehspahNYOHL)

Oh, no. I'm learning it. Oh, no. Estoy aprendiéndolo. (oh noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)

You must be a good student then.Usted debe ser un buen alumno entonces. (oosTEHDTH DEHbeh sehr oon bwehnahLOOMnoh ehnTOHNsehs)

Well, I study a bit each day.Bueno, estudio un poco cada día. (BWEHnoh ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkohKAHdthah DEEah)


91





I'm learning Spanish. Estoy aprendiendo español.English Spanish

1 I'm learning Spanish.Estoy aprendiendo español. (ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohehspahNYOHL)

2 to learn aprender (ahprehnDEHR)

3 learning aprendiendo (ahprehnDYEHNdoh )

4 I'm learning estoy aprendiendo (ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh)

5 (you) are learning está aprendiendo (ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh)

6 Are you learning Italian?¿Está aprendiendo italiano? (ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoheetahLYAHnoh )

7 learning it aprendiéndolo (ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)

8 Yes, I'm learning it. Sí, estoy aprendiéndolo. (see ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)

9 I'm not learning Italian.No estoy aprendiendo italiano. (noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoheetahLYAHnoh)

10 Do you remember the pattern we used to change bajar (to get off) to bajamos (we get off)? Keep this in mind for the next slide.

11 (we) can podemos (pohDTHEHmohs)

12 I'm learning Spanish. Can we speak inSpanish?

Estoy aprendiendo español. ¿Podemoshablar en español? (ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHLpohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehnehspahNYOHL)

13 if si (see)

14 If you want. Si quiere. (see KYEHreh)

15

Did you notice that this si does not have the accent? In Spanish, you add the accent to this wordwhen you use it to say an affirmative sentence, for example: Sí, quiero hablar español (Yes, Iwant to speak Spanish). You will use si without the accent when it represents a condition, forexample: Podemos hablar español si quieres (We can speak Spanish if you want). So,generally speaking, when in English you say "yes" you have to use the accent and when you say"if" you don't use it.

16 Sure! We can speak in Spanish if you want.¡Claro! Podemos hablar en español siquiere. (KLAHroh pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn


92





ehspahNYOHL see KYEHreh)



93





English Spanish

17 Did you know that Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world in terms of theamount of people who speak it as their first language?

18 together juntos (HOONtohs)

19 if (you) want si quieres (see KYEHrehs)

20 If you want, we can learn together.Si quieres podemos aprender juntos. (see KYEHrehs pohDTHEHmohsahprehnDEHR HOONtohs)


94





How is this word pronounced?¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra?

English Spanish

1 How is this word pronounced?¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra? (KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStahpahLAHbrah)

2 to pronounce pronunciar (prohnoonSYAHR)

3 it is pronounced se pronuncia (seh prohNOONsyah)

4 How is it pronounced? ¿Cómo se pronuncia? (KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)

5 this word esta palabra (EHStah pahLAHbrah)

6 (I) pronounce pronuncio (prohNOONsyoh)

7 How do I pronounce this word?¿Cómo pronuncio esta palabra? (KOHmoh prohNOONsyoh EHStahpahLAHbrah)

8 I'm pronouncing estoy pronunciando (ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh)

9 correctly correctamente (kohrrehktahMEHNteh)

10 Am I pronouncing this word correctly?¿Estoy pronunciando esta palabracorrectamente? (ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh EHStahpahLAHbrah kohrrehktahMEHNteh)

11 Did you know Spanish is one of the world's most phonetic languages? This means that if you knowhow to spell a word, you can almost always know how to pronounce it.

12 pronouncing it pronunciándolo (prohnoonSYANdohloh)

13 You are not pronouncing it well.No está pronunciándolo bien. (noh ehsTAH prohnoonSYANdohlohbyehn)

14 Are you learning to speak Spanish?¿Está aprendiendo a hablar español? (ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh ah ahBLAHRehspahNYOHL)

15 Yes. Am I pronouncing it correctly?Sí. ¿Estoy pronunciándolocorrectamente? (see ehsTOY prohnoonSYANdohlohkohrrehktahMEHNteh)


95





Your pronunciation is perfect!¡Su pronunciación es perfecta!

English Spanish

1 Your pronunciation is perfect!¡Su pronunciación es perfecta! (soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehspehrFEHKtah)

2 pronunciation pronunciación (prohnoonsyahSYOHN)

3 your pronunciation su pronunciación (soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN)

4 perfect perfecto (pehrFEHKtoh)

5 perfect pronunciation pronunciación perfecta (prohnoonsyahSYOHN pehrFEHKtah)

6 Did you notice that perfecto changed to the feminine form perfecta? By now you know thatthis is because pronunciación is a feminine noun.

7 It is perfect! ¡Está perfecto! (ehsTAH pehrFEHKtoh)

8 excellent excelente (ehksehLEHNteh)

9 your tu (too)

10 Your pronunciation is excellent!¡Tu pronunciación es excelente! (too prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehsehksehLEHNteh)

11 job trabajo (trahBAHhoh)

12 Excellent job! ¡Excelente trabajo! (ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh)

13 Well done! ¡Bien hecho! (byehn EHchoh)

14 Excellent job! Well done.¡Excelente trabajo! Bien hecho. (ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh byehnEHchoh)

15 Very good! ¡Muy bien! (mwee byehn)

16 Very well done! ¡Muy bien hecho! (mwee byehn EHchoh)

17 Thanks a lot! ¡Muchas gracias! (MOOchahs GRAHsyahs)


96





I study a little bit every day.Estudio un poco cada día.

English Spanish

1 I study a little bit every day.Estudio un poco cada día. (ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthahDEEah)

2 to study estudiar (ehstooDTHYAHR)

3 (I) study estudio (ehsTOOdthyoh)

4 I study a little bit. Estudio un poco. (ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh)

5 every cada (KAHdthah)

6 every day cada día (KAHdthah DEEah)

7 Are you recognizing a pattern?

8 (you) study estudias (ehsTOOdthyahs)

9 Do you study Spanish? ¿Estudias español? (ehsTOOdthyahs ehspahNYOHL)

10 Do you study a lot? ¿Estudias mucho? (ehsTOOdthyahs MOOchoh)

11 No. Only a little bit every day.No. Sólo un poco cada día. (noh SOHloh oon POHkoh KAHdthahDEEah)

12 (you) study estudia (ehsTOOdthyah)

13 alone solo (SOHloh)

14 Sólo means "only." But, solo without the accent means "alone."

15 Do you study alone? ¿Estudia sola? (ehsTOOdthyah SOHlah)


97





You must be a good student then.Debe ser un buen alumno entonces.

English Spanish

1 You must be a good student then.Debe ser un buen alumno entonces. (DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnohehnTOHNsehs)

2 must deber (dehBEHR)

3 (you) must debe (DEHbeh)

4 (you) must be debe ser (DEHbeh sehr)

5 student alumno (ahLOOMnoh)

6 You must be a student. Debe ser un alumno. (DEHbeh sehr oon ahLOOMnoh)

7 a good student un buen alumno (oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh)

8 then entonces (ehnTOHNsehs)

9 Your Spanish is very good. Su español es muy bueno. (soo ehspahNYOHL ehs mwee BWEHnoh)

10 practice practicar (prahkteeKAHR)

11 You must practice more. Debe practicar más. (DEHbeh prahkteeKAHR mahs)

12 (I) must debo (DEHboh)

13 I must practice more then.Debo practicar más entonces. (DEHboh prahkteeKAHR mahsehnTOHNsehs)

14 Can I speak Spanish with you then?¿Puedo hablar español con ustedentonces? (PWEHdthoh ahBLAHR ehspahNYOHL kohnoosTEHDTH ehnTOHNsehs)


98





Vocabulary ReviewEnglish Spanish

(I) am estoy (ehsTOY)

(I) am (for permanent states of being) soy (soy)

(I) believe creo (KREHoh)

(I) call llamo (YAHmoh)

(I) can puedo (PWEHdthoh)

(I) feel ((I) myself feel)

me siento (meh SYEHNtoh)

(I) get off bajo (BAHhoh)

(I) heard escuché (ehskooCHEH)

(I) must debo (DEHboh)

(I) need necesito (nehsehSEEtoh)

(I) pronounce pronuncio (prohNOONsyoh)

(I) speak hablo (AHbloh)

(I) study estudio (ehsTOOdthyoh)

(I) understand entiendo (ehnTYEHNdoh)

(I) understood entendí (ehntehnDEE)



99





English Spanish

(I) want quiero (KYEHroh)

(he / she) needs necesita (nehsehSEEtah)

(it) costs cuesta (KWEHStah)

(it) means significa (seegneeFEEkah)

(it) says dice (DEEseh)

(they) are (for permanent states of being) son (sohn)

(they) speak hablan (AHblahn)

(they) steal roban (RROHbahn)

(they) stole robaron (rrohBAHrohn)

(we) are estamos (ehsTAHmohs)

(we) can podemos (pohDTHEHmohs)

(we) get off bajamos (bahHAHmohs)

(you) are está (ehsTAH)

(you) are estás (ehsTAHS)

(you) are están (ehsTAHN)

(you) are (for permanent states of being) eres (EHrehs)



100





English Spanish

(you) are (for permanent states of being) es (ehs)

(you) are going to va a (bah ah)

(you) could podría (pohDTHREEah)

(you) feel ((you) yourself feel)

se siente (seh SYEHNteh)

(you) get off baja (BAHhah)

(you) give me me da (meh dah)

(you) give me me das (meh dahs)

(you) give us nos da (nohs dah)

(you) go va (bah)

(you) have tiene (TYEHneh)

(you) must debe (DEHbeh)

(you) need necesita (nehsehSEEtah)

(you) need necesitas (nehsehSEEtahs)

(you) said dijo (DEEhoh)

(you) speak habla (AHblah)

(you) study estudia (ehsTOOdthyah)



101





English Spanish

(you) study estudias (ehsTOOdthyahs)

(you) want quieres (KYEHrehs)

(you) want quiere (KYEHreh)

American estadounidense (ehstahdthohooneedthEHNseh)

Call! [imperative] ¡Llame! (YAHmeh )

Canada Canadá (kahnahDTHAH)

Canadian canadiense (kahnahDTHYEHNse)

Emergency Exit Salida de Emergencia (sahLEEdthah deh ehmehrHEHNsyah)

English inglés (eenGLEHS)

Enjoy! ¡Buen provecho! (bwehn prohBEHchoh)

Excuse me! ¡Disculpe! (deesKOOLpeh)

Excuse me! ¡Disculpa! (deesKOOLpah)

French francés (frahnSEHS)

French francés (frahnSEHS)

German alemán (ahlehMAHN)

Go. [imperative] Vaya. (BAHyah)



102





English Spanish

Good afternoon. Buenas tardes. (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)

Good morning. Buenos días. (BWEHnohs DEEahs)

Good night. Buenas noches. (BWEHnahs NOchehs)

Goodbye. Adiós. (ahDTHYOHS)

Hello. Hola. (OHlah)

Help! ¡Auxilio! (ahwksEElyoh)

I yo (yoh)

I accept acepto (ahSEHPtoh)

I am going to voy a (boy ah)

I call myself me llamo (meh YAHmoh)

I fell me caí (meh kahYEE)

I have tengo (TEHNgoh)

I was robbed! (They stole from me!)

¡Me robaron! (meh rrohBAHrohn)

I would like me gustaría (meh goostahrEEah )

I'm sorry. Lo siento. (loh SYEHNtoh)

Italian italiano (eetahLYAHnoh)



103





English Spanish

Likewise. Igualmente. (eewahlMEHNteh)

Mexican mexicano (MEHheekahnoh)

Mexico México (MEHheekoh)

See you. (We see each other.)

Nos vemos. (nohs BEHmohs)

Spanish español (ehspahNYOHL)



Thank you. Gracias. (GRAHsyahs)

Turn. [imperative] Doble. (DOHbleh)

Turn. [imperative] Dobla. (DOHblah)

Very good! ¡Muy bien! (mwee byehn)

Well done! ¡Bien hecho! (byehn EHchoh)


a day un día (oon DEEah)

a little bit un poco (oon POHkoh)

a lot mucho (MOOchoh)



104





English Spanish

a pleasure un gusto (oon GOOStoh)

airport aeropuerto (ahehrohPWEHRtoh)

alone solo (SOHloh)

ambulance ambulancia (ahmbooLAHNsyah)

and y (ee)

any algún (ahlGOON)

avenue avenida (ahbehNEEdthah)

back espalda (eehsPAHLdah)

bad mal (mahl)

bathroom baño (BAHnyoh)

bill cuenta (KWEHNtah)

book libro (LEEbroh)

bored aburrido (ahbooRREEdthoh)

bottle botella (bohTEHyah)

bring me tráigame (TRAYgahmeh)

brother hermano (ehrMAHnoh)



105





English Spanish

cash efectivo (ehfehkTEEboh)

cell phone teléfono celular (tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)

cents centavos (sehnTAHbohs)

change cambio (KAHMbyoh)

chicken pollo (POHyoh)

chocolate chocolate (chohkohLAHteh)

clinic clínica (KLEEneekah)

close cerca (SEHRkah)

close by cerca (SEHRkah)

clothes ropa (RROHpah)

coffee café (kahFEH)

corner esquina (ehsKEEnah)

correctly correctamente (kohrrehktahMEHNteh)

credit card tarjeta de crédito (tahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)

danger peligro (pehLEEgroh)

debit card tarjeta de débito (tahrHEHtah deh DEHbeetoh)



106





English Spanish

dessert postre (POHStreh)

dizzy mareado (mahrehAHdthoh)

doctor doctor (dohkTOHR)

dollar dólar (DOHlahr)

eight (8) ocho (8) (OHchoh)

eighty (80) ochenta (80) (ohCHEHNtah)

eleven (11) once (11) (OHNseh)

embassy embajada (ehmbahHAHdthah)

emergency emergencia (ehmehrHEHNsyah)

evening tarde (TAHRdtheh)

every cada (KAHdthah)

excellent excelente (ehksehLEHNteh)

explanation explicación (ehkspleekahSYOHN)

far lejos (LEHhohs)

fever fiebre (FYEHbreh)

fifteen (15) quince (15) (KEENseh)



107





English Spanish

fifty (50) cincuenta (50) (seenKWEHNtah)

fine bien (byehn)

five (5) cinco (5) (SEENkoh)

five hundred (500) quinientos (500) (keenYEHNtohs)

following siguiente (seeGYEHNteh)

for para (PAHrah)

for por (pohr)

forty (40) cuarenta (40) (kwahREHNtah)

four (4) cuatro (4) (KWAHtroh)

fourteen (14) catorce (14) (kahTOHRseh)

free libre (LEEbreh)

friends amigos (ahMEEgohs)

from de (deh)

from desde (DEHSdtheh)

give me [imperative] deme (DEHmeh)

glass vaso (BAHsoh)



108





English Spanish

good bueno (BWEHnoh)

handwriting letra (LEHtrah)

happened pasó (pahSOH)

happening pasando (pahSAHNdoh)

have [imperative] tenga (TEHNgah)

he él (ehl)

head cabeza (kahBEHsah)

help ayuda (ahYOOdthah)

here aquí (ahKEE)

high alto (AHLtoh)

hospital hospital (ohspeeTAHL)

hotel hotel (ohTEHL)

hotel hotel (ohTEHL)

how cómo (KOHmoh)

how many cuántos (KWAHNtohs )

how many [feminine] cuántas (KWAHNtahs )



109





English Spanish

how much cuánto (KWAHNtoh)

husband esposo (ehsPOHsoh)

if si (see)

is accepted se acepta (seh ahSEHPtah)

it happens pasa (PAHsah)

it hurts me me duele (meh DWEHleh)

it hurts you le duele (leh DWEHleh)

it hurts you te duele (teh DWEHleh)

it is pronounced se pronuncia (seh prohNOONsyah)

job trabajo (trahBAHhoh)

keys llaves (YAHbehs)

kilometer kilómetro (keeLOHmehtroh)

later luego (LWEHgoh)

learning aprendiendo (ahprehnDYEHNdoh )

learning it aprendiéndolo (ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)

left izquierda (eesKYEHRdthah)



110





English Spanish

leg pierna (PYEHRnah)

lost perdido (pehrDTHEEdthoh)

map mapa (MAHpah)

maps mapas (MAHpahs)

meat carne (KAHRneh)

medicine medicina (mehdtheeSEEnah)

menu menú (mehNOO)

money dinero (deeNEHroh)

more más (mahs)

mushrooms hongos (OHNgohs)

must deber (dehBEHR)

my mi (mee)

my [plural] mis (mees)

next próxima (PROHkseemah)

nine (9) nueve (9) (NWEHbeh)

ninety (90) noventa (90) (nohBEHNtah)



111





English Spanish

no no (noh)

noise ruido (RWEEdthoh)

none ninguno (neenGOOnoh)

not anymore ya no (yah noh)

nothing nada (NAHdthah)

now ahora (ahOHrah)

of de (deh)

okay bien (byehn)

on en (ehn)

one (1) uno (1) (OOnoh)

one hundred (100) cien (100) (syehn)

only sólo (SOHloh)

pain dolor (dohLOHR)

passport pasaporte (pahsahPOHRteh)

people gente (HEHNteh)

perfect perfecto (pehrFEHKtoh)



112





English Spanish

pesos pesos (PEHsohs)

please por favor (pohr fahBOHR)

police policía (pohleeSEEah)

postcard postal (pohsTAHL)

practice practicar (prahkteeKAHR)

pronouncing it pronunciándolo (prohnoonSYANdohloh)

pronunciation pronunciación (prohnoonsyahSYOHN)

ready listo (LEEStoh)

repeat it repetirlo (rrehpehTEERloh)

restaurant restaurante (rrehstahwRAHNteh)

right derecha (dehREHchah)

salt sal (sahl)

sauce salsa (SAHLsah)

seven (7) siete (7) (SYEHteh)

seventy (70) setenta (70) (sehTEHNtah)

she ella (EHyah)



113





English Spanish

she calls herself ella se llama (EHyah seh YAHmah)

shoes zapatos (sahpAHtohs)

sign letrero (lehTREHroh)

sir señor (sehNYOHR)

sister hermana (ehrMAHnah)

six (6) seis (6) (seys)

sixty (60) sesenta (60) (sehSEHNtah)

slow despacio (dehsPAHseeoh)

slow despacio (dehsPAHseeoh)

soda refresco (rrehFREHSkoh)

something algo (AHLgoh)

soon pronto (PROHNtoh)

station estación (ehstahSYOHN)

stomach estómago (ehsTOHmahgoh)

stomachache dolor de estómago (dohLOHR deh ehsTOHmahgoh)

stop parada (pahRAHdthah)



114





English Spanish

store tienda (TYEHNdah)

straight derecho (dehREHchoh)

street calle (KAHyeh)

student alumno (ahLOOMnoh)

sugar azúcar (ahSOOkahr)

table mesa (MEHsah)

taxi taxi (TAHksee)

tee shirt camiseta (kahmeeSEHtah)

ten (10) diez (10) (dyehs)

that ese (EHseh)

that que (keh)

the United States los Estados Unidos (lohs ehstAHdthohs oonEEdthohs)

the bus stop la parada de autobús (lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)

the office of tourism la oficina de turismo (lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh)

then entonces (ehnTOHNsehs)

there allí (ahYEE)



115





English Spanish

there is / there are hay (ay)

these estos (EHStohs)

they ellas (EHyahs)

they ellos (EHyohs)

thirteen (13) trece (13) (TREHseh)

thirty (30) treinta (30) (TREYNtah)

this este (EHSteh)

those esos (EHsohs)

thousand (1,000) mil (1,000) (meel)

three (3) tres (3) (trehs)

tickets boletos (bohLEHtohs)

time tiempo (TYEHMpoh)

tired cansado (kahnSAHdthoh)

to a (ah)

to accept aceptar (ahsehpTAHR)

to be estar (ehsTAHR)



116





English Spanish

to be (for permanent states of being) ser (sehr)

to be able poder (pohDTHEHR)

to believe creer (krehEHR)

to bring traer (trahEHR)

to bring me traerme (trahEHRmeh)

to bring us traernos (trahEHRnohs)

to buy comprar (kohmPRAHR)

to call llamar (yahMAHR)

to call oneself llamarse (yahMAHRseh)

to cost costar (kohsTAHR)

to drink tomar (tohMAHR)

to eat comer (kohMEHR)

to explain explicar (ehkspleeKAHR)

to explain to me explicarme (ehkspleeKAHRmeh)

to faint desmayarse (dehsmahYAHRseh)

to fall caer (kahEHR)



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English Spanish

to fall oneself caerse (kahEHRseh)

to feel oneself sentirse (sehnTEERseh)

to find encontrar (ehnkohnTRAHR)

to get off bajar (bahHAHR)

to get on subir (sooBEER)

to give dar (dahr)

to give me darme (DAHRmeh)

to go ir (eer)

to happen pasar (pahSAHR)

to have tener (tehNEHR)

to have to tener que (tehNEHR keh)

to hear escuchar (ehskooCHAHR)

to hurt doler (dohLEHR)

to learn aprender (ahprehnDEHR)

to like gustar (goosTAHR)

to mean significar (seegneefeeKAHR)



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English Spanish

to meet you conocerlo (kohnohSEHRloh)

to meet you conocerla (kohnohSEHRlah)

to meet you conocerte (kohnohSEHRteh)

to meet; to know conocer (kohnohSEHR)

to need necesitar (nehsehseeTAHR)

to order ordenar (ohrdthehNAHR)

to pass pasar (pahSAHR)

to pay pagar (pahGAHR)

to pronounce pronunciar (prohnoonSYAHR)

to repeat repetir (rrehpehTEER)

to say decir (dehSEER)

to seat oneself sentarse (sehnTAHRseh)

to see ver (behr)

to speak hablar (ahBLAHR)

to steal robar (rrohBAHR)

to study estudiar (ehstooDTHYAHR)



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English Spanish

to take tomar (tohMAHR)

to turn doblar (dohBLAHR)

to understand entender (ehntehnDEHR)

to use usar (ooSAHR)

to wait esperar (ehspehRAHR)

to want querer (kehREHR)

together juntos (HOONtohs)

tomato tomate (tohMAHteh)

tomorrow mañana (mahNYAHnah)

too también (tahmBYEHN)

towards hacia (AHsyah)

traveler's check cheque del viajero (CHEHkeh dehl byaHEHroh)

twelve (12) doce (12) (DOHseh)

twenty (20) veinte (20) (BEYNteh)

two (2) dos (2) (dohs)

two hundred (200) doscientos (200) (dohsSYEHNtohs)



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English Spanish

two thousand (2,000) dos mil (2,000) (dohs meel )

until hasta (AHStah)

very muy (mwee)

wait espere (ehsPEHreh)

waiter mesero (mehSEHroh)

waitress mesera (mehSEHrah )

water agua (AHwah)

we are going to vamos a (BAHmohs ah )

we understand entendemos (ehntehnDEHmohs)

well bien (byehn)

what qué (keh)

where (to where)

adónde (ahDTHOHNdeh)

where dónde (DOHNdeh)

wife esposa (ehsPOHsah)

wine vino (BEEnoh)

with con (cohn )



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English Spanish

with me conmigo (kohnMEEgoh)

with you contigo (kohnTEEgoh)

without sin (seen)

word palabra (pahLAHbrah)

yes sí (see)

you usted (oosTEHDTH)

you tú (too)

you are going to vas a (bahs ah)

you call yourself usted se llama (oosTEHDTH seh YAHmah)

you call yourself te llamas (teh YAHmahs)

you like le gusta (leh gOOstah)

you speak hablas (AHblahs)

you would like le gustaría (leh goostahrEEah)

you would like te gustaría (teh goostahREEah)

your tu (too)

your su (soo)



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English Spanish

your [plural] sus (soos)


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Phrase ReviewEnglish Spanish

Hello! How are you? ¡Hola! ¿Cómo está usted? (OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)

Good morning! I'm fine, thanks. And you?¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Yusted? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehnGRAHsyahs ee oosTEHDTH)

I'm fine too. Thank you. Estoy bien también. Gracias. (ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN GRAHsyahs)

Well, have a good day. Bueno, que tenga un buen día. (BWEHnoh keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah )

Likewise. Goodbye. Igualmente. Adiós. (eewahlMEHNteh ahDTHYOHS)

Hello. Good morning. Hola. Buenos días. (OHlah BWEHnohs DEEahs)

How are you? ¿Cómo está usted? (KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH)

Hello, how are you? Hola, ¿cómo está usted? (OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAH oosTEHDTH )

Hello, how are you? Hola, ¿cómo estás? (OHlah KOHmoh ehsTAHS)

How is she? ¿Cómo está ella? (KOHmoh ehsTAH EHyah)

How is he? ¿Cómo está él? (KOHmoh ehsTAH ehl)

I'm fine. Estoy bien. (ehsTOY byehn)

I'm fine. Thank you. Estoy bien. Gracias. (ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs)

I'm fine. And you? Estoy bien. ¿Y usted? (ehsTOY byehn ee oosTEHDTH)



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English Spanish

I'm fine too. Estoy bien también. (ehsTOY byehn tahmBYEHN )

You are tired. Usted está cansado. (oosTEHDTH ehsTAH kahnSAHdthoh)

Have a good day. (That have a good day.)

Que tenga un buen día. (keh TEHNgah oon bwehn DEEah)

a good day un buen día (oon bwehn DEEah)

Goodbye. Have a good day.Adiós. Que tenga un buen día. (ahDTHYOHS keh TEHNgah oon bwehnDEEah)

Excuse me, do you speak English?Disculpe, ¿usted habla inglés? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH AHblaheenGLEHS)

Yes, I speak English. Sí hablo inglés. (see AHbloh eenGLEHS)

Do you speak Spanish? ¿Usted habla español? (oosTEHDTH AHblah ehspahNYOHL)

I speak a little bit of Spanish. Hablo un poco de español. (AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)

Where are you from? ¿De dónde es usted? (deh DOHNdeh ehs oosTEHDTH)

I am from the United States. Soy de los Estados Unidos. (soy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)

Do you speak English? ¿Usted habla inglés? (oosTEHDTH AHblah eenGLEHS)

Do you speak German? ¿Usted habla alemán? (oosTEHDTH AHblah ahlehMAHN)

a little bit of Spanish un poco de español (oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHL)

Yes, I speak a little bit of French. Sí, hablo un poco de francés. (see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh frahnSEHS)



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English Spanish

She speaks a little bit of English. Ella habla un poco de inglés. (EHyah AHblah oon POHkoh deh eenGLEHS)

He speaks a little bit of Italian. Él habla un poco de italiano. (ehl AHblah oon POHkoh deh eetahLYAHnoh)

Yes, I speak French. Sí, hablo francés. (see AHbloh frahnSEHS)

I don't speak English. No hablo inglés. (noh AHbloh eenGLEHS)

Where are you from? ¿De dónde eres? (deh DOHNdeh EHrehs)

Where are they from? ¿De dónde son ellos? (deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyohs)

Excuse me. Where are they from? Disculpe. ¿De dónde son ellas? (deesKOOLpeh deh DOHNdeh sohn EHyahs)

Where is she from? ¿De dónde es? (deh DOHNdeh ehs)

from the United States de los Estados Unidos (deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)

You are from the United States.Usted es de los Estados Unidos. (oohstEHDTH ehs deh lohs ehstAHdthohsoonEEdthohs)

Excuse me. Are you from the United States?Disculpe. ¿Usted es de los EstadosUnidos? (deesKOOLpeh oosTEHDTH ehs deh lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)

I'm from Mexico. Soy de México. (soy deh MEHheekoh)

You are American.Usted es estadounidense. (oosTEHDTH ehs ehstahdthoh-ooneeDTHEHNseh )

You are from Canada. Usted es de Canadá. (oosTEHDTH ehs deh kahnahDTHAH)

They are from Mexico. Ellos son de México. (EHyohs sohn deh MEHheekoh)



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English Spanish

They are not from Mexico and they don't speakSpanish.

Ellos no son de México y no hablanespañol. (EHyohs noh sohn deh MEHheekoh ee nohAHblahn ehspahNYOHL)

Yes, I speak a little bit of Spanish. I'm from theUnited States and I speak English.

Sí, hablo un poco de español. Soy de losEstados Unidos y hablo inglés. (see AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHLsoy deh lohs ehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs eeAHbloh eenGLEHS)

Hi, my name is María. Hola, me llamo María. (OHlah meh YAHmoh mahREEah)

What is your name? ¿Cómo se llama usted? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah oosTEHDTH)

My name is Tom. It's nice to meet you.Me llamo Tom. Es un gusto conocerla. (meh YAHmoh tom ehs oon GOOStohkohnohSEHRlah)

It is nice to meet you too Tom. This is my husbandCarlos.

Igualmente, Tom. Él es mi esposo, Carlos. (eewahlMEHNteh tom ehl ehs meeehsPOHsoh KAHRlohs)

Nice to meet you. Gusto en conocerlo. (GOOStoh ehn kohnohSEHRloh)

What is your name? ¿Cómo te llamas? (KOHmoh teh YAHmahs)

What is her name? ¿Cómo se llama ella? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah EHyah)

he calls himself él se llama (ehl seh YAHmah)

What is his name? ¿Cómo se llama? (KOHmoh seh YAHmah)

My name is Tom. (I call myself Tom.)

Me llamo Tom. (meh YAHmoh tom)

Her name is Maria. Ella se llama María. (eyah seh yahmah mahREEah.)

His name is Carlos. Él se llama Carlos. (ehl seh YAHmah KAHRlohs)



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English Spanish

they call themselves ellos se llaman (EHyohs seh YAHmahn)

Their names are Carlos and María. Se llaman Carlos y María. (seh YAHmahn KAHRlohs ee mahREEah)

I'm not Maria. My name is Juana. No soy María. Me llamo Juana. (noh soy mahREEah meh YAHmoh HWAHnah )

Hi, my name is Tom and I'm from the UnitedStates.

Hola, me llamo Tom y soy de los EstadosUnidos. (OHlah meh YAHmoh tom ee soy deh lohsehsTAHdthohs ooNEEdthohs)

This is my husband. (He is my husband.)

Él es mi esposo. (ehl ehs mee ehsPOHsoh)

My husband speaks Italian. Mi esposo habla italiano. (mee ehsPOHsoh AHbla eetahLYAHnoh)

He is my brother. Él es mi hermano. (ehl ehs mee ehrMAHnoh)

He's not my brother. He's my husband.Él no es mi hermano. Es mi esposo. (ehl noh ehs mee ehrMAHnoh ehs meeehsPOHsoh)

She is my sister. Ella es mi hermana. (EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah)

My sister speaks a little bit of English.Mi hermana habla un poco de inglés. (mee ehrMAHnah AHblah oon POHkoh deheenGLEHS)

This is my sister and her name is Guadalupe.Ella es mi hermana y se llama Guadalupe. (EHyah ehs mee ehrMAHnah ee seh YAHmahgwahdthahLOOpeh)

They are my friends. Ellos son mis amigos. (EHyohs sohn mees ahMEEgohs)

It is nice to meet you. (It is a pleasure to meet you.)

Es un gusto conocerlo. (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRloh)

It is nice to meet you. Es un gusto conocerla. (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRlah)

It is nice to meet you. Es un gusto conocerte. (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh)



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English Spanish

It´s nice to meet you. See you later!Es un gusto conocerlo. ¡Hasta luego! (ehs oon GOOStoh kohnohSEHRteh AHStahLWEHgoh)

Excuse me. I'm lost. Disculpe, estoy perdido. (deesKOOLpeh ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)

Where is the bathroom? ¿Dónde está el baño? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl BAHnyoh)

The bathroom is a little far away. El baño está un poco lejos. (ehl BAHnyoh ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)

Go straight and then to the left.Vaya derecho y luego a la izquierda. (BAHyah dehREHchoh ee LWEHgoh ah laheesKYEHRdthah)



I'm lost. Estoy perdido. (ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthoh)

Good afternoon. Are you lost?Buenas tardes. ¿Usted está perdida? (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs oosTEHDTH ehsTAHpehrDTHEEdthah)

I'm a little bit bored. And you?Estoy un poco aburrido, ¿y tú? (ehsTOY oon POHkoh ahbooRREEdthoh eetoo)

Good morning. Are you ready? Buenos días. ¿Estás lista? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTAHS LEEStah)

Yes, I'm ready. Sí, estoy lista. (see ehsTOY LEEStah)

Hi, are you okay? Hola, ¿estás bien? (OHlah ehsTAHS byehn)

I'm very tired. Estoy muy cansada. (ehsTOY mwee kahnSAHdthah)

You are tired and I'm bored.Tú estás cansada y yo estoy aburrido. (too ehsTAHS kahnSAHdthah ee yoh ehsTOYahbooRREEdthoh)



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English Spanish

Where is the hotel? ¿Dónde está el hotel? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl hohTEHL)

I'm lost. Where is the hotel?Estoy perdida. ¿Dónde está el hotel? (ehsTOY pehrDTHEEdthah DOHNdeh ehsTAHehl hohTEHL)

Excuse me, where is the restaurant?Disculpe, ¿dónde está el restaurante? (deesKOOLpeh DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehlrrehstahwRAHNteh)

Good morning. Where is the bus stop?Buenos días. ¿Dónde está la parada deautobús? (BWEHnohs DEEahs DOHNdeh ehsTAH lahpahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS)

Where are the keys? ¿Dónde están las llaves? (DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lahs YAHbehs)

Where are the tickets? ¿Dónde están los boletos? (DOHNdeh ehsTAHN lohs bohLEHtohs)

on the map en el mapa (ehn ehl MAHpah)

Where is the restaurant on the map?¿Dónde está el restaurante en el mapa? (DOHNdeh ehsTAH ehl rrehstahwRAHNtehehn ehl MAHpah)

It is a little bit far. Está un poco lejos. (ehsTAH oon POHkoh LEHhohs)

The hotel is very close. El hotel está muy cerca. (ehl hohTEHL ehsTAH mwee SEHRkah)

The bus stop is very far.La parada de autobús está muy lejos. (lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAHmwee LEHhohs)

It's far from here. Está lejos de aquí. (ehsTAH LEHhohs deh ahKEE)

The bus stop is a little bit far from here.La parada de autobús está un poco lejosde aquí. (lah pahRAHdthah deh ahwtohBOOS ehsTAHoon POHkoh LEHhohs deh ahKEE )

It's six kilometers from here.Está a seis kilómetros de aquí. (ehsTAH ah seys keeLOHmehtrohs dehahKEE)

Six kilometers is far! ¡Seis kilómetros es lejos! (seys keeLOHmehtrohs ehs LEHhohs)



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English Spanish

to the left a la izquierda (ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

Then, go to the left. (Later, go to the left.)

Luego vaya a la izquierda. (LWEHgoh BAHyah ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

Go to the right. Vaya hacia la derecha. (BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah)

Go to the right and then to the left. (Go towards the right and later towards the left.)

Vaya hacia la derecha y luego hacia laizquierda. (BAHyah AHsyah lah dehREHchah eeLWEHgoh AHsyah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

Slower, please. Más despacio por favor. (mahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR)

I speak a little bit of Spanish. Slower, please.Hablo un poco de español. Más despacio,por favor. (AHbloh oon POHkoh deh ehspahNYOHLmahs dehsPAHsyoh pohr fahBOHR )

How can I find the embassy?¿Cómo puedo encontrar la embajada? (KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lahehmbahHAHdthah )

How can I find...? ¿Cómo puedo encontrar...? (KOHmoh PWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR)

Turn left. Doble a la izquierda. (DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah)

Turn right and then go straight.Doble a la derecha y luego vaya derecho. (DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ee LWEHgohBAHyah dehREHchoh)

San Martín street calle San Martín (KAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)

Turn left on San Martín street.Doble a la izquierda en la calle San Martín.(DOHbleh ah lah eesKYEHRdthah ehn lahKAHyeh sahn mahrTEEN)

It's on the corner. Está en la esquina. (ehsTAH ehn lah ehsKEEnah)

Excuse me. I'm American. How can I find the officeof tourism?

Disculpe, soy estadounidense. ¿Cómopuedo encontrar la oficina de turismo? (deesKOOLpeh soyehstahdthohooneeDTHEHNseh KOHmohPWEHdthoh ehnkohnTRAHR lah ohfeeSEEnahdeh tooREESmoh)



131





English Spanish

The office of tourism is very far. Go straight andthen turn right at the corner.

La oficina de turismo está muy lejos. Vayaderecho y luego doble a la derecha en laesquina. (lah ohfeeSEEnah deh tooREESmoh ehsTAHmwee LEHhohs BAHyah dehREHchoh eeLWEHgoh DOHbleh ah lah dehREHchah ehnlah ehsKEEnah)

Excuse me. Do you have maps? Disculpe, ¿tiene mapas? (deesKOOLpeh TYEHneh MAHpahs)

Yes, would you like to buy one? Sí, ¿le gustaría comprar uno?

Yes please. How much does it cost? Sí, por favor. ¿Cuánto cuesta? (see pohr fahBOHR KWAHNtoh KWEHStah)

It costs eight pesos and fifty cents.Cuesta ocho pesos con cincuentacentavos. (KWEHStah OHchoh PEHsohs kohnseenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)

Ok. Give me two, please. Ok. Deme dos, por favor. (ohKEY DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)

Seventeen pesos, please. Diecisiete pesos, por favor. (dyehseeSYEHteh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)

Here you are. Aquí tiene. (ahKEE TYEHneh)

Thank you very much. Muchas gracias. (MOOchahs GRAHsyahs )


Do you have maps? ¿Tiene mapas? (TYEHneh MAHpahs)

I have one map. Tengo un mapa. (TEHNgoh oon MAHpah)

Do you have two maps? ¿Tiene dos mapas? (TYEHneh dohs MAHpahs)

I have three postcards. Tengo tres postales. (TEHNgoh trehs pohsTAHlehs)

Do you have more maps? ¿Tiene más mapas? (TYEHneh mahs MAHpahs)



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English Spanish

I have a few postcards and a few maps.Tengo pocas postales y pocos mapas. (TEHNgoh POHkahs pohsTAHlehs eePOHkohs MAHpahs)

I want more postcards of Mexico.Quiero más postales de México. (KYEHroh mahs pohsTAHlehs dehMEHheekoh)

I have four more postcards. Tengo cuatro postales más. (TEHNgoh KWAHtroh pohsTAHlehs mahs)

Do you want anything else? (Do you want something more?)

¿Quiere algo más? (KYEHreh AHLgoh mahs)

How much does it cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStah )

How much do three tickets cost? ¿Cuánto cuestan tres boletos? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn trehs bohLEHtohs)

How much does this book cost? ¿Cuánto cuesta este libro? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStah EHSteh LEEbroh)

How much do these cost? ¿Cuánto cuestan estos? (KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn EHstohs)

How much money do you have? ¿Cuánto dinero tiene? (KWAHNtoh deeNEHroh TYEHneh)

I don't have a lot of money. No tengo mucho dinero. (noh TEHNgoh MOOchoh deeNEHroh)

How many postcards do you want? ¿Cuántas postales quiere? (KWAHNtahs pohsTAHlehs KYEHreh )

It costs five pesos and fifty cents. (It costs five pesos with fifty cents.)

Cuesta cinco pesos con cincuentacentavos. (KWEHStah SEENkoh PEHsohs kohnseenKWEHNtah sehnTAHbohs)

five pesos and fifty cents (five pesos with fifty cents)

cinco pesos con cincuenta centavos (SEENkoh PEHsohs kohn seenKWEHNtahsehnTAHbohs)

It costs nine pesos. Cuesta nueve pesos. (KWEHStah NWEHbeh PEHsohs)

ten pesos and twelve cents diez pesos con doce centavos (dyehs PEHsohs kohn DOHseh sehnTAHbohs)



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English Spanish

eleven pesos and thirteen centsonce pesos con trece centavos (OHNseh PEHsohs kohn TREHsehsehnTAHbohs)

This costs fourteen pesos and fifteen cents.Este cuesta catorce pesos con quincecentavos. (EHSteh KWEHStah kahTOHRseh PEHsohskohn KEENseh sehnTAHbohs)

thirty-two (32) (thirty and two (32))

treinta y dos (32) (TREYNtah ee dohs)

forty-five (45) cuarenta y cinco (45) (kwahREHNtah ee SEENkoh)

sixty-seven (67) sesenta y siete (67) (sehSEHNtah ee SYEHteh)

seventy-six (76) setenta y seis (76) (sehTEHNtah ee seys)

eighty-one (81) ochenta y uno (81) (ohCHEHNtah ee OOnoh)

ninety-three (93) noventa y tres (93) (nohBEHNtah ee trehs)

Would you like to buy one? ¿Le gustaría comprar uno? (leh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR OOnoh)

Would you like to buy...? ¿Le gustaría comprar...? (leh goostahrEEah cOHmprahr)

Would you like to see these shoes?¿Le gustaría ver estos zapatos? (leh goostahrEEah vehr EHstohssahpAHtohs)

No. I would like to see those shoes, please.No. Me gustaría ver esos zapatos, porfavor. (noh meh goostahREEah behr EHsohssahPAHtohs pohr fahBOHR)

Would you like to buy this tee shirt?¿Te gustaría comprar esta camiseta? (teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHStahkahmeeSEHtah)

I wouldn't like to buy that tee shirt.No me gustaría comprar esa camiseta. (noh meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsahkahmeeSEHtah)

clothing store (store of clothes)

tienda de ropa (TYEHNdah deh RROHpah)



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English Spanish

shoe store tienda de zapatos (TYEHNdah deh sahPAHtohs)

Would you like to go to the shoe store?¿Te gustaría ir a la tienda de zapatos? (teh goostahREEah eer ah lah TYEHNdah dehsahPAHtohs)

I would like to buy those shoes. How much do theycost?

Me gustaría comprar esos zapatos.¿Cuánto cuestan? (meh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR EHsohssahPAHtohs KWAHNtoh KWEHStahn)

Would you like to buy clothes from that store?¿Te gustaría comprar ropa de esa tienda? (teh goostahREEah kohmPRAHR RROHpahdeh EHsah TYEHNdah)

Give me two, please. Deme dos, por favor. (DEHmeh dohs pohr fahBOHR)

Give me three maps, please. Deme tres mapas, por favor. (DEHmeh trehs MAHpahs pohr fahBOHR)

Could you give me a book, please? (You give me a book, please?)

¿Me da un libro, por favor? (meh dah oon LEEbroh pohr fahBOHR)

Could you give me those shoes? ¿Me das esos zapatos? (meh dahs EHsohs sahPAHtohs)

Could you give us a map of Mexico, please?¿Nos da un mapa de México, por favor? (nohs dah oon MAHpah deh MEHheekoh pohrfahBOHR)

Good evening. Buenas tardes. (BWEHnahs TAHRdthehs)


French wine, please. Vino francés, por favor. (BEEnoh frahnSEHS pohr fahBOHR )

There is no French wine. Do you want Italian wine?No hay vino francés. ¿Quiere vino italiano? (noh ay BEEnoh frahnSEHS KYEHreh BEEnoheetahLYAHnoh)

Yes, thank you. Sí, gracias. (see GRAHsyahs)



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English Spanish

Are you ready to order? ¿Está listo para ordenar? (ehSTAH LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

Yes. Could you bring me the paella, please?Sí. ¿Podría traerme la paella, por favor? (see pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lahpahEHyah pohr fahBOHR)


ready to order (ready for order)

listo para ordenar (LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

María, are you ready to order?María, ¿estás lista para ordenar? (mahREEah ehsTAH LEEStah PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

Are you ready to order? ¿Están listos para ordenar? (ehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

Wait! I'm not ready to order.¡Espere! No estoy listo para ordenar. (ehsPEHreh noh ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

I want to wait. My friends are not ready to order.Quiero esperar. Mis amigos no están listospara ordenar. (KYEHroh ehspehRAR mees ahMEEgohs nohehsTAHN LEEStohs PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR)

Now we are ready to order!¡Ahora estamos listos para ordenar! (ahOHrah ehsTAHmohs LEEStohs PAHrahohrdthehNAHR)

Could you bring me the paella? ¿Podría traerme la paella? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh lah pahEHyah)

Could you bring me...? ¿Podría traerme...? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh)

bottle of water botella de agua (bohTEHyah deh AHwah)

Could you bring me a bottle of water?¿Podría traerme una botella de agua? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh OOnahbohTEHyah deh AHwah)

bottle of wine botella de vino (bohTEHyah deh BEEnoh)



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Could you bring us a bottle of French wine?¿Podría traernos una botella de vinofrancés? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRnohs OOnahbohTEHyah deh BEEnoh frahnSEHS)

Could you give me a glass of soda?¿Podría darme un vaso de refresco? (pohDTHREEah DAHRmeh oon BAHsoh dehrrehFREHSkoh)

Could you bring me a little bit of Spanish paella?¿Podría traerme un poco de paellaespañola? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh dehpahEHyah ehspahNYOHlah)

tomato sauce (sauce of tomato)

salsa de tomate (SAHLsah deh tohMAHteh)

The sauce doesn't have salt. Could you bring mea little, please?

La salsa no tiene sal. ¿Podría traerme unpoco, por favor? (lah SAHLsah noh TYEHneh sahlpohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon POHkoh pohrfahBOHR)

coffee with sugar café con azúcar (kahFEH kohn ahSOOkahr)

Could you bring me a coffee with sugar?¿Podría traerme un café con azúcar? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh oon kahFEH kohnahSOOkahr )

without mushroom sauce sin salsa de hongos (seen SAHLsah deh OHNgohs)

Could you bring me the chicken withoutmushroom sauce?

¿Podría traerme el pollo sin salsa dehongos? (pohDTHREEah trahEHRmeh ehl POHyoh seenSAHLsah deh OHNgohs)


are you going to drink ¿va a tomar? (bah ah tohMAHR)

I'm going to drink a soda. Voy a tomar un refresco. (boy ah tohMAHR oon rrehFREHSkoh)

What are you going to order? ¿Qué va a ordenar? (keh bah ah ohrdthehNAHR)

I'm going to order the mushrooms with sauce.Voy a ordenar los hongos con salsa. (boy ah ohrdthehNAHR lohs OHNgohs kohnSAHLsah)



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English Spanish

Are you going to order the meat? ¿Vas a ordenar la carne? (bahs ah ohrdthehNAHR lah KAHRneh)

Wait. I'm not going to order now.Espere. No voy a ordenar ahora. (ehsPEHreh noh boy ah ohrdthehNAHRahOHrah)

I am going to eat. Voy a comer. (boy ah kohMEHR)

I'm not going to eat. No voy a comer. (noh boy ah kohMEHR)

I'm ready to order. I'm going to eat the meat withmushrooms.

Estoy listo para ordenar. Voy a comer lacarne con hongos. (ehsTOY LEEStoh PAHrah ohrdthehNAHR boyah kohMEHR lah KAHRneh kohn OHNgohs)

Are you going to order dessert now?¿Va a ordenar el postre ahora? (bah ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStrehahOHrah)

Are we going to go to the Italian restaurant?¿Vamos a ir al restaurante italiano? (BAHmohs ah eer ahl rrehstahwRAHNteheetahLYAHnoh)

We are going to eat the dessert now.Vamos a comer el postre ahora. (BAHmohs ah kohMEHR ehl POHStrehahOHrah)

chocolate dessert (dessert of chocolate)

postre de chocolate (POHStreh deh chohkohLAHteh)

I'm going to order the chocolate dessert.Voy a ordenar el postre de chocolate. (boy ah ohrdthehNAHR ehl POHStreh dehchohkohLAHteh )

Waitress. Bring me the bill, please.Mesera. Tráigame la cuenta, por favor. (mehSEHrah TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtahpohr fahBOHR)

Bring me the bill. Tráigame la cuenta. (TRAYgahmeh lah KWEHNtah)

Waiter. Bring me the menu, please.Mesero. Tráigame el menú, por favor. (mehSEHroh TRAYgahmeh ehl mehNOO pohrfahBOHR)

I want to see the menu, please. Quiero ver el menú, por favor. (KYEHroh behr ehl mehNOO pohr fahBOHR)



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English SpanishSure. Here you are. (Sure. Here you have. )

Claro. Aquí tiene. (KLAHroh ahKEE TYEHneh)

Is there a table for two? ¿Hay una mesa para dos? (ay OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)

Is there a table? ¿Hay una mesa? (ay OOnah MEHsah)

a table for two una mesa para dos (OOnah MEHsah PAHrah dohs)

Good morning. Is there a table for four, please?Buenos días. ¿Hay una mesa para cuatro,por favor? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ay OOnah MEHsahPAHrah KWAHtroh pohr fahBOHR)

Is there a bathroom here? ¿Hay un baño aquí? (ay oon BAHnyoh ahKEE)

There are a lot of people in this restaurant.Hay mucha gente en este restaurante. (ay MOOchah HEHNteh ehn EHStehrrehstahwRAHNteh)

I'm sorry. There aren't any sodas. Lo siento. No hay refrescos. (loh SYEHNtoh noh ay rrehFREHSkohs)

There isn't any more. No hay más. (noh ay mahs)

There isn't any more coffee. I'm sorry. No hay más café. Lo siento. (noh ay mahs kahFEH loh SYEHNtoh)

Good morning. Where are you going? Buenos días. ¿Adónde va? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ahDTHOHNdeh bah)

I'm going to San Martín Street. How much is itfrom here?

Voy a la calle San Martín. ¿Cuánto esdesde aquí? (boy ah lah KAHyeh sahn mahrTEENKWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)

It's one hundred ten pesos. Son ciento diez pesos. (sohn SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)

Well, let's go. Bueno. Vamos. (BWEHnoh BAHmohs)



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English Spanish

I'm getting off here. Can I pay with credit card?Bajo aquí. ¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta decrédito? (BAHhoh ahKEE PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohntahrHEHtah deh KREHdtheetoh)

I'm sorry but I do not accept credit cards.Disculpe pero no acepto tarjetas decrédito. (deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtohtahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetoh)

Ok. Here you have one thousand pesos. Bueno. Aquí tiene mil pesos. (BWEHnoh ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)

Here's your change. Aquí tiene su cambio. (ahKEE TYEHneh soo KAHMbyoh)

Thank you. Goodbye. Gracias. Adiós. (GRAHsyahs ahDTHYOHS)

Where are you going? (To where do you go?)

¿Adónde va? (ahDTHOHNdeh bah)

Where do you have to go? ¿Adónde tiene que ir? (ahDTHOHNdeh TYEHneh keh eer)

I have to take a taxi. Where can I go?Tengo que tomar un taxi. ¿Adónde puedoir? (TEHNgoh keh tohMAHR oon TAHkseeahDTHOHNdeh PWEHdthoh eer)

This taxi is available. Where do you want to go? (This taxi is free. To where do you want to go?)

Este taxi está libre. ¿Adónde quiere ir? (EHSteh TAHksee ehsTAH LEEbrehahDTHOHNdeh KYEHreh eer)

I'm free this evening. Where do you want to go?Estoy libre esta tarde. ¿Adónde quieres ir?(ehsTOY LEEbreh EHStah TAHRdthehahDTHOHNdeh KYEHrehs eer )

Good morning, sir. Where do you want to go?Buenos días, señor. ¿Adónde quiere ir? (bwEHnohs dEEahs sehnyOHr ahdOHndehkeeEHreh eer )

How much is it from here? ¿Cuánto es desde aquí? (KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)

How much is it to there? (How much is it until there?)

¿Cuánto es hasta allí? (KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah ahYEE)

How much is it from the airport to the hotel?¿Cuánto es desde el aeropuerto hasta elhotel? (KWAHNtoh ehs DEHSdtheh ehlahehrohPWEHRtoh AHStah ehl hohTEHL)

How much is it to San Juan Avenue?¿Cuánto es hasta la avenida San Juan? (KWAHNtoh ehs AHStah lah ahbehNEEdthahhsan hwahn)



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English Spanish

I'm going to the station. How much is it fromhere? (I go until the station. How much is it from here?)

Voy hasta la estación. ¿Cuánto es desdeaquí? (boy AHStah lah ehstahSYOHN KWAHNtohehs DEHSdtheh ahKEE)

I'm getting off here. Bajo aquí. (BAHhoh ahKEE)

We get off here. Can you wait, please?Bajamos aquí. ¿Puede esperar, por favor? (bahHAHmohs ahKEE PWEHdthehehspehRAHR pohr fahBOHR)

Where do you have to get off? ¿Dónde tiene que bajar? (DOHNdeh TYEHneh keh bahHAHR)

at the next stop (on the next stop)

en la próxima parada (ehn lah PROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)

Do you get off at the next stop?¿Baja en la próxima parada? (BAHhah ehn lah PROHkseemahhpahRAHdthah)

No. I get off at the following one. (No. I get off on the following.)

No. Bajo en la siguiente. (noh BAHhoh ehn lah seeGYEHNteh)

I can get on at the next stop.Puedo subir en la próxima parada. (PWEHdthoh sooBEER ehn lahPROHkseemahh pahRAHdthah)

Can I get on here? ¿Puedo subir aquí? (PWEHdthoh sooBEER ahKEE)

Where do I have to get on? ¿Dónde tengo que subir? (DOHNdeh TEHNgoh keh sooBEER)

one hundred ten (110) ciento diez (110) (SYEHNtoh dyehs)

one hundred ten pesos ciento diez pesos (SYEHNtoh dyehs PEHsohs)

Do you have change for a hundred? (Do you have change of a hundred?)

¿Tiene cambio de cien? (TYEHneh KAHMbyoh deh syehn)

one hundred five (105) ciento cinco (105) (SYEHNtoh SEENcoh)

two hundred twenty-two (222) doscientos veintidós (222) (dohsSYEHNtohs beynteeDTHOHS)



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English Spanish

three hundred forty (340) trescientos cuarenta (340) (trehsSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah)

four hundred sixty-seven (467)cuatrocientos sesenta y siete (467) (kwahtrohSYEHNtohs sehSEHNtah eeSYEHteh)

I'm sorry. I don't have change for five hundred.Disculpe, no tengo cambio de quinientos. (deesKOOLpeh noh TEHNgoh KAHMbyoh dehkeenYEHNtohs)

five hundred ninety-one (591) quinientos noventa y uno (591) (keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah ee OOnoh)

six hundred eleven (611) seiscientos once (611) (seysSYEHNtohs OHNseh)

seven hundred eighty-five (785) setecientos ochenta y cinco (785) (sehtehSYEHNtohs ohCHEHNtah ee SEENcoh)

eight hundred fifty-nine (859)ochocientos cincuenta y nueve (859) (ohchohSYEHNtohs seenKWEHNtah eeNWEHbeh)

It's nine hundred forty-eight pesos, please.Son novecientos cuarenta y ocho pesos,por favor. (sohn nohbehSYEHNtohs kwahREHNtah eeOHchoh PEHsohs pohr fahBOHR)

Can I pay with a credit card?¿Puedo pagar con tarjeta de crédito? (PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtah dehKREHdtheetoh)

I can't pay with debit card.No puedo pagar con tarjeta de débito. (noh PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn tahrHEHtahdeh DEHbeetoh)

Can I use my credit card here?¿Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí? (PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah dehKREHdtheetoh ahKEE)

I'm going to use my traveler's checks.Voy a usar mis cheques del viajero. (boy ah ooSAHR mees CHEHkehs dehlbyaHEHroh)

I'm sorry. You can't use your traveler's checkshere.

Disculpe. No puede usar sus cheques delviajero aquí. (deesKOOLpeh noh PWEHdtheh ooSAHRsoos CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHroh ahKEE)

I don't have cash. Can I pay with my debit card?

No tengo efectivo. ¿Puedo pagar con mitarjeta de débito? (noh TEHNgoh ehfehkTEEboh PWEHdthohpahGAHR kohn mee tahrHEHtah dehDEHbeetoh)



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English Spanish

I can use my credit card here.Puedo usar mi tarjeta de crédito aquí. (PWEHdthoh ooSAHR mee tahrHEHtah dehKREHdtheetoh ahKEE)

I m sorry but I don´t accept... Disculpe pero no acepto... (deesKOOLpeh PEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh)

I accept credit cards but I don't accept traveler'schecks.

Acepto tarjetas de crédito pero no aceptocheques del viajero. (ahSEHPtoh tahrHEHtahs deh KREHdtheetohPEHroh noh ahSEHPtoh CHEHkehs dehlbyaHEHroh)

Only cash is accepted. Sólo se acepta efectivo. (SOHloh seh ahSEHPtah ehfehkTEEboh )

Credit cards are not accepted in this taxi.No se aceptan tarjetas de crédito en estetaxi. (noh seh ahSEHPtahn tahrHEHtahs dehKREHdtheetoh ehn EHSteh TAHksee)

Are traveler's checks accepted here?¿Se aceptan cheques del viajero aquí? (seh ahSEHPtahn CHEHkehs dehl byaHEHrohahKEE)

No. But dollars and pesos are accepted.No. Pero se aceptan dólares y pesos. (noh PEHroh seh ahSEHPtahn DOHlahrehs eePEHsohs)

Here you are one thousand pesos. (Here you have one thousand pesos.)

Aquí tiene mil pesos. (ahKEE TYEHneh meel PEHsohs)

two thousand five hundred ninety-three (2,593)dos mil quinientos noventa y tres (2,593) (dohs meel keenYEHNtohs nohBEHNtah eetrehs)

three thousand (3,000) tres mil (3,000) (trehs meel)

Can I pay with three thousand dollars?¿Puedo pagar con tres mil dólares? (PWEHdthoh pahGAHR kohn trehs meelDOHlahrehs)

four thousand nine hundred sixty-five (4,965)cuatro mil novecientos sesenta y cinco(4,965) (KWAHtroh meel nohbehSYEHNtohssehSEHNtah ee SEENcoh)

five thousand (5,000) cinco mil (5,000) (SEENcoh meel)

five thousand four hundred seventy-one (5,471)cinco mil cuatrocientos setenta y uno(5,471) (SEENcoh meel kwahtrohSYEHNtohssehTEHNtah ee OOnoh)



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English Spanish

six thousand forty-eight (6,048) seis mil cuarenta y ocho (6,048) (seys meel kwahREHNtah ee OHchoh)

seven thousand (7,000) siete mil (7,000) (SYEHteh meel)

eight thousand three (8,003) ocho mil tres (8,003) (OHchoh meel trehs)

nine thousand five hundred thirteen (9,513) nueve mil quinientos trece (9,513) (NWEHbeh meel keenYEHNtohs TREHseh)

What´s wrong? ¿Qué pasa? (keh PAHsah)

I don't feel well. I think I have a high fever.No me siento bien. Creo que tengo fiebrealta. (noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn KREHoh kehTEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)

Does something hurt? ¿Le duele algo? (leh DWEHleh AHLgoh)

Yes. My head hurts. Si. Me duele la cabeza. (see meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)

Is there a hospital close by? ¿Hay un hospital cerca? (ay oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)

No. Do you want me to call a taxi? No. ¿Quiere que llame a un taxi? (noh KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon TAHksee)

Yes, please. Sí, por favor. (see pohr fahBOHR)

Nothing is wrong. I'm fine. No pasa nada. Estoy bien. (noh PAHsah NAHdthah ehsTOY byehn)

Are you okay? What happened? ¿Está bien? ¿Qué pasó? (ehsTAH byehn keh pahSOH)

What's happening? ¿Qué está pasando? (keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh)

What's wrong with you? ¿Qué pasa contigo? (keh PAHsah kohnTEEgoh)



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English SpanishWhat happened to you? (What happened with you?)

¿Qué pasó contigo? (keh pahSOH kohnTEEgoh)

What's going on with me? (What's happening with me?)

¿Qué está pasando conmigo? (keh ehsTAH pahSAHNdoh kohnMEEgoh)

I fell. But nothing happened. I'm fine.Me caí. Pero no pasó nada, estoy bien. (meh kahEE PEHroh noh pahSOH NAHdthahehsTOY byehn)

I don't feel well. (I myself don't feel well.)

No me siento bien. (noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn)

I feel well. Me siento bien. (meh SYEHNtoh byehn)

I feel well. I'm not tired.Me siento bien. No estoy cansado. (meh SYEHNtoh byehn noh ehsTOYkahnSAHdthoh)

I feel dizzy! ¡Me siento mareada! (meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah)

How do you feel? ¿Cómo se siente? (KOHmoh seh SYEHNteh)

Do you feel okay? ¿Se siente bien? (seh SYEHNteh byehn)

I feel bad. Me siento mal. (meh SYEHNtoh mahl)

I believe that I have a high fever. Creo que tengo fiebre alta. (KREHoh keh TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)

I believe that I have... Creo que tengo... (KREHoh keh TEHNgoh)

I have a high fever. Tengo fiebre alta. (TEHNgoh FYEHbreh AHLtah)

I believe that he has a stomachache.Creo que tiene dolor de estómago. (KREHoh keh TYEHneh dohLOHR dehehsTOHmahgoh)

headache dolor de cabeza (dohLOHR deh kahBEHsah)



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English Spanish

I don't have a headache. I'm okay now.No tengo dolor de cabeza. Estoy bienahora. (noh TEHNgoh dohLOHR deh kahBEHsahehsTOY byehn ahOHrah)

Help! I believe he is going to faint!¡Auxilio! ¡Creo que va a desmayarse! (ahwksEElyoh KREHoh keh bah ahdehsmahYAHRseh)

My head hurts. (The head hurts me. )

Me duele la cabeza. (meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsah)

I don't feel well. My stomach hurts.No me siento bien. Me duele el estómago. (noh meh SYEHNtoh byehn meh DWEHleh ehlehsTOHmahgoh)

What hurts? ¿Qué le duele? (keh leh DWEHleh)

My back hurts! ¡Me duele la espalda! (meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah )

Where does it hurt? ¿Dónde le duele? (DOHNdeh leh DWEHleh)

My head doesn't hurt anymore. Now, my backhurts!

Ya no me duele la cabeza. ¡Ahora meduele la espalda! (yah noh meh DWEHleh lah kahBEHsahahOHrah meh DWEHleh lah ehsPAHLdah)

Does your leg hurt? ¿Le duele la pierna? (leh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)

No. My leg doesn't hurt anymore. No. Ya no me duele la pierna. (noh yah noh meh DWEHleh lah PYEHRnah)

Does your stomach hurt? ¿Te duele el estómago? (teh DWEHleh ehl ehsTOHmahgoh)

No. Not anymore. No. Ya no. (noh yah noh)

Do you want me to call a doctor? (Do you want that I call to a doctor?)

¿Quiere que llame a un doctor? (KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)

Do you want me to call? (You want that I call?)

¿Quiere que llame? (KYEHreh keh YAHmeh)



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English Spanish

Call a doctor! ¡Llame a un doctor! (YAHmeh ah oon dohkTOHR)

It is an emergency. Call a doctor!Es una emergencia. ¡Llame a un doctor! (ehs OOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah YAHmeh ahoon dohkTOHR)

Do you want me to call the police? ¿Quiere que llame a la policía? (KYEHreh keh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)

Don't call the police. It is not an emergency.No llame a la policía. No es unaemergencia. (noh YAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah noh ehsOOnah ehmehrHEHNsyah)

They stole my passport. Call the police!Me robaron mi pasaporte. ¡Llame a lapolicía! (meh rrohBAHrohn mee pahsahPOHRtehYAHmeh ah lah pohleeSEEah)

I need an ambulance! ¡Necesito una ambulancia! (nehsehSEEtoh OOnah ahmbooLAHNsyah)

Do you need to take your medicine?¿Necesitas tomar tu medicina? (nehsehSEEtahs tohMAHR toomehdtheeSEEnah)

Is he ok? What does he need? ¿Está bien? ¿Qué necesita? (ehsTAH byehn keh nehsehSEEtah)

My husband is dizzy. He needs to sit down.Mi esposo está mareado. Necesitasentarse. (mee ehsPOHsoh ehsTAH mahrehAHdthohnehsehSEEtah sehnTAHRseh)

I feel dizzy. Are there any doctors here?Me siento mareada. ¿Hay algún doctoraquí? (meh SYEHNtoh mahrehAHdthah ay ahlGOONdohkTOHR ahKEE)

Yes. I need you to call an ambulance!Sí. ¡Necesito que llame a una ambulancia! (see nehsehSEEtoh keh YAHmeh ah OOnahahmbooLAHNsyah)

a hospital close by un hospital cerca (oon ohspeeTAHL SEHRkah)

I feel bad. Are there any clinics close by?Me siento mal. ¿Hay alguna clínica cerca? (meh SYEHNtoh mahl ay ahlGOOnahKLEEneekah SEHRkah)

Are there any doctors here? ¿Hay algún doctor aquí? (ay ahlGOON dohkTOHR ahKEE)

No. There aren't any. (No. There aren't none.)

No. No hay ninguno. (noh noh ay neenGOOnoh)



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English Spanish

There aren't any clinics close by. No hay ninguna clínica cerca. (noh ay neenGOOnah KLEEneekah SEHRkah)

There aren't any doctors. Should I call anambulance? (There aren't none doctor. I call to theambulance?)

No hay ningún doctor. ¿Llamo a laambulancia? (noh ay neenGOON dohkTOHR YAHmoh ahlah ahmbooLAHNsyah)

Excuse me, what does this sign say?Disculpe, ¿qué dice este letrero? (deesKOOLpeh keh DEEseh EHStehlehTREHroh)

It says "Do not enter." Dice "No pasar". (DEEseh noh pahSAHR)

I don't understand. Can you repeat it, please?No entiendo. ¿Puede repetirlo, por favor? (noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)

It says "Do not enter." Dice "No Pasar". (DEEseh noh pahSAHR)

Well, thank you for your help.Bueno, gracias por su ayuda. (BWEHnoh GRAHsyahs pohr sooahYOOdthah)

You are welcome. De nada. (deh NAHdthah)

I don't understand. No entiendo. (noh ehnTYEHNdoh)

I don't understand. Can you speak slower?No entiendo. ¿Puede hablar másdespacio? (noh ehnTYEHNdoh PWEHdtheh ahBLAHRmahs dehsPAHseeoh)

Louder, please. I don't understand.Más alto, por favor. No entiendo. (mahs AHLtoh pohr fahBOHR nohehnTYEHNdoh)

I don't understand the handwriting! ¡No entiendo la letra! (noh ehnTYEHNdoh lah LEHtrah)

I don't understand this word. No entiendo esta palabra. (noh ehnTYEHNdoh EHStah pahLAHbrah)

The sign says "Emergency Exit."El letrero dice "Salida de Emergencia". (ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh sahLEEdthah dehehmehrHEHNseeah)

the sign says el letrero dice (ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh)



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English Spanish

The sign says "Danger. Do not enter."El letrero dice "Peligro. No pasar". (ehl lehTREHroh DEEseh pehLEEgroh nohpahSAHR)

I didn't understand. What did you say? No entendí. ¿Qué dijo? (noh ehntehnDEE keh DEEhoh)

I don't understand Italian. What did he say?No entiendo italiano. ¿Qué dijo? (noh ehnTYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh kehDEEhoh)

Can you repeat it? ¿Puede repetirlo? (PWEHdtheh rrehpehTEERloh)

I didn't hear well. Can you repeat it, please?No escuché bien. ¿Puede repetirlo, porfavor? (noh ehskooCHEH byehn PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh pohr fahBOHR)

There's a lot of noise here. Can you repeat it?Hay mucho ruido aquí. ¿Puede repetirlo? (ay MOOchoh RWEEdthoh ahKEE PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh)

I didn't understand that. Can you repeat it?No entendí eso. ¿Puede repetirlo? (noh ehntehnDEE EHsoh PWEHdthehrrehpehTEERloh)

What does it mean? ¿Qué significa? (keh seegneeFEEkah)

What does this mean? ¿Qué significa esto? (keh seegneeFEEkah EHStoh)

This means that you can't enter.Esto significa que no puede pasar. (EHStoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdthehpahSAHR)

What does this word mean? ¿Qué significa esta palabra? (keh seegneeFEEkah EHStah pahLAHbrah)

Does this word mean danger?¿Esta palabra significa peligro? (EHStah pahLAHbrah seegneeFEEkahpehLEEgroh)

Does that mean that I can't use my cell phone?¿Eso significa que no puedo usar miteléfono celular? (EHsoh seegneeFEEkah keh noh PWEHdthohooSAHR mee tehLEHfohnoh sehlooLAHR)

It means nothing. No significa nada. (noh seegneeFEEkah NAHdthah)



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English Spanish

Thank you for explaining this to me. Gracias por explicarme esto. (GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)

explaining this to me (to explain this to me)

explicarme esto (ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStoh)

Thank you for explaining this word to me.Gracias por explicarme esta palabra. (GRAHsyahs pohr ehkspleeKAHRmeh EHStahpahLAHbrah)

Thank you for the explanation. Gracias por la explicación. (GRAHsyahs pohr lah ehkspleekahSYOHN)

I understand now! Thank you for your time.¡Ahora entiendo! Gracias por su tiempo. (¡ahOHrah ehnTEHNdoh! GRAHsyahs pohrsoo TYEHMpoh. )

Yes, we understand. Thanks for your help.Sí, entendemos. Gracias por su ayuda. (see ehntehnDEHmohs GRAHsyahs pohr sooahYOOdthah)

Excuse me. How is this word pronounced?Disculpe, ¿cómo se pronuncia estapalabra? (deesKOOLpeh KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyahEHStah pahLAHbrah)

"Estacionamiento." "Estacionamiento". (ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh)

"Estacionamiento." Is that ok? "Estacionamiento" ¿Está bien? (ehstahsyohnahMYEHNtoh ehsTAH byehn)

Perfect. You are good at Spanish!Perfecto. ¡Usted es bueno con el español! (pehrFEHKtoh oosTEHDTH ehs BWEHnohkohn ehl ehspahNYOHL)

Oh, no. I'm learning it. Oh, no. Estoy aprendiéndolo. (oh noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)

You must be a good student then.Usted debe ser un buen alumno entonces. (oosTEHDTH DEHbeh sehr oon bwehnahLOOMnoh ehnTOHNsehs)

Well, I study a bit each day.Bueno, estudio un poco cada día. (BWEHnoh ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkohKAHdthah DEEah)

I'm learning Spanish. Estoy aprendiendo español. (ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHL)

Are you learning Italian? ¿Está aprendiendo italiano? (ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh eetahLYAHnoh )



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English Spanish

Yes, I'm learning it. Sí, estoy aprendiéndolo. (see ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdohloh)

I'm not learning Italian.No estoy aprendiendo italiano. (noh ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoheetahLYAHnoh)

I'm learning Spanish. Can we speak in Spanish?Estoy aprendiendo español. ¿Podemoshablar en español? (ehsTOY ahprehnDYEHNdoh ehspahNYOHLpohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehn ehspahNYOHL)

Sure! We can speak in Spanish if you want.¡Claro! Podemos hablar en español siquiere. (KLAHroh pohDTHEHmohs ahBLAHR ehnehspahNYOHL see KYEHreh)

If you want, we can learn together.Si quieres podemos aprender juntos. (see KYEHrehs pohDTHEHmohs ahprehnDEHRHOONtohs)

How is this word pronounced?¿Cómo se pronuncia esta palabra? (KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah EHStahpahLAHbrah)

How is it pronounced? ¿Cómo se pronuncia? (KOHmoh seh prohNOONsyah)

How do I pronounce this word?¿Cómo pronuncio esta palabra? (KOHmoh prohNOONsyoh EHStahpahLAHbrah)

Am I pronouncing this word correctly?¿Estoy pronunciando esta palabracorrectamente? (ehsTOY prohnoonSYAHNdoh EHStahpahLAHbrah kohrrehktahMEHNteh)

You are not pronouncing it well. No está pronunciándolo bien. (noh ehsTAH prohnoonSYANdohloh byehn)

Are you learning to speak Spanish?¿Está aprendiendo a hablar español? (ehsTAH ahprehnDYEHNdoh ah ahBLAHRehspahNYOHL)

Yes. Am I pronouncing it correctly?Sí. ¿Estoy pronunciándolo correctamente? (see ehsTOY prohnoonSYANdohlohkohrrehktahMEHNteh)

Your pronunciation is perfect! ¡Su pronunciación es perfecta! (soo prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehs pehrFEHKtah)

Your pronunciation is excellent!¡Tu pronunciación es excelente! (too prohnoonsyahSYOHN ehsehksehLEHNteh)



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English Spanish

Excellent job! Well done. ¡Excelente trabajo! Bien hecho. (ehksehLEHNteh trahBAHhoh byehn EHchoh)

Very well done! ¡Muy bien hecho! (mwee byehn EHchoh)

I study a little bit every day.Estudio un poco cada día. (ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh KAHdthahDEEah)

I study a little bit. Estudio un poco. (ehsTOOdthyoh oon POHkoh)

No. Only a little bit every day. No. Sólo un poco cada día. (noh SOHloh oon POHkoh KAHdthah DEEah)

You must be a good student then.Debe ser un buen alumno entonces. (DEHbeh sehr oon bwehn ahLOOMnohehnTOHNsehs)

You must be a student. Debe ser un alumno. (DEHbeh sehr oon ahLOOMnoh)

a good student un buen alumno (oon bwehn ahLOOMnoh)

Your Spanish is very good. Su español es muy bueno. (soo ehspahNYOHL ehs mwee BWEHnoh)

You must practice more. Debe practicar más. (DEHbeh prahkteeKAHR mahs)

I must practice more then. Debo practicar más entonces. (DEHboh prahkteeKAHR mahs ehnTOHNsehs)

Can I speak Spanish with you then?¿Puedo hablar español con ustedentonces? (PWEHdthoh ahBLAHR ehspahNYOHL kohnoosTEHDTH ehnTOHNsehs)


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Cultural Notes

"Good afternoon" (Buenas tardes) is used from 12 p.m. all the way until around 7 p.m.In Spanish, Buenas noches can be used as both a greeting and a farewell.In most Spanish speaking countries when entering a home it is customary to greet everyone in the roomby shaking his or her hand when you enter. It is also customary for two women, or a man and a womanwho know each other well, to kiss on the cheek.The number of English/Spanish bilinguals in Mexico is increasing. Over the past couple of years, a greatnumber of schools have incorporated many English courses. On the other hand, a lot of indigenousdialects spoken in the country have been losing speakers.In many countries in Latin America people are very friendly towards foreigners. Don't be surprised if theyapproach you to say hi and ask questions about where you are from and what you're doing in theircountry.María is one of the most common names in Spanish. It is a Catholic name that makes reference to theVirgin Mary. The use of biblical names is very common in Spanish speaking countries. For example, acommon male name is Jesús which means Jesus.Other popular male names in Spanish are: Pedro, Juan and José which also have biblical origins. Forfemales, Guadalupe, Claudia and Laura are among the most common names.Introducing people is very important for Spanish speakers in Latin America. You should always rememberto introduce everyone to each other. It is considered bad manners if you don't.In many Spanish speaking countries you will likely see signs that read, "W.C." This stands for "washcloset." Also, in most Latin American countries, bathrooms have a drawing attached to the doors thatclearly identifies the men's and women's rooms. For example, a pipe might identify the men's room, anda hand-held fan, the ladies' room. However, sometimes they only use a sign that says caballeros(gentlemen) and damas (ladies).Sometimes there may be a small fee to enter public restrooms. It is also a good idea to carry your owntoilet tissue as bathroom attendants will only give you a certain amount. Both in public restrooms and inpeople's homes, flushing toilet paper causes problems in the sewer system. Throw the paper into thesmall trash can provided.Public Transportation is a good way to move around in most Latin American cities. There are city buses(autobuses), subways (metro), vans (camionetas), and taxis. Many of these modes of transportationare cheap. However, walking is the cheapest and most popular way to explore a new city.The different forms of public transportation are called by different names depending on which LatinAmerican country you are in. In Mexico you may hear camión, colectivo, or urbano for buses. Publicvans in Mexico are called peseras, micros , or combis. La guagua is a famous name for the bus inCuba, while lanchones is used in Peru.



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Exploring a new city is sometimes exciting and scary at the same time. Don't be afraid to ask the localsfor help. You will find that people are usually friendly when you ask for directions. Also, remember thatmost cities in Latin America are walkable, and you'll see that places are not very far away.There are many beautiful places to visit in Latin America. There are famous archeological sites such asPalenque, and Chichén Itzá in Mexico; Peten in Guatemala; or Machu Picchu in Peru. There are alsomany beautiful mountains, parks, and beaches like Cancún in Mexico; El Salto de Ángel in Venezuela;La Catedral de Sal in Bogota; or Las Torres del Paine in Chile.When buying products from a salesperson on the streets of Mexico and other Latin American countries, itis common to negotiate the price. You can get a good discount if you make the seller believe that youare very interested in their product, but that you think it is too expensive. In Spanish, this is calledregatear (to bargain).Did you know that although pesos are used in many Latin American countries, it is not the only currencyof Latin America? Costa Rica, for example, uses colones (named after Christopher Columbus); Perúuses soles; Guatemala uses quetzales; Honduras uses lempiras; Bolivia uses bolivianos, and thereare even more.In many areas of Latin America bartering (trueque) is still a common practice.Stores in Mexico usually open around 10:00 a.m. and close late in the evening, around 8:00 p.m. Someof them may have a small break between 2:00 and 4:00p.m. for lunch.Even though many countries like Mexico have big department stores, there are still lots of small storesand markets where you can buy all kinds of groceries. Be sure to ask the locals about their markets.In Mexico, there are special markets known as tianguis. The word comes from the indigenous languageNahuatl , and means "they are only in town for one day." The concept is similar to a free market andyou can basically find all kinds of tianguis. There are different ones for food, groceries, clothes, furniture,books, pets, and even cars. You will be surprised by the things you can find there!You will find that the menus in many Latin American countries are generally divided into entradas(starters), plato principal (main course), bebidas (drinks) and postres (desserts). If you choose toeat out you may find it interesting to try the plato del día literally, "plate of the day" and, if you like toenjoy your meal surrounded by nature, you can go to restaurants that have comidas para llevar(take-out food).Paella is a very popular dish in Spain and southern Latin American countries like Argentina. Its mainingredients are rice, vegetables and sea-food (such as lobster and shrimp). Some paellas are alsocooked with meat or chicken but all of them have saffron, the ingredient that gives the paella itscharacteristic color.Each country in South America has a unique cuisine due to the different history, geography, and culturethat each of them possess. The result is a wide variety of traditions and flavors. So, if you like chicken,meat, or pasta you will find plenty of choices that will satisfy you. Don't worry if you are vegetarian! Manynative foods are elaborated with vegetables and different herbs.



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Did you know that the seeds of chocolate were discovered 2,000 years ago in America? The first peopleknown to have tasted the chocolate were the ancient cultures of Mexico and Central America. The seedsof chocolate were then taken to Spain and used in a wide variety of recipes. It was at that moment thatits popularity was spread throughout Europe and it still remains as one of the world's favorite flavors.In Latin America it is very common to use the expression "buen provecho" which roughly translates to,"enjoy your meal." But be careful! Common does not mean correct! Consequently, try to avoid it if youare having a formal meal.Traveling by taxi may be one of the cheapest ways of getting around in Latin America. However, if youare planning to use a taxi, always remember to take authorized taxis with all the familiar markings (like ayellow car with the white taxi light on the roof). And if you are at the airport or important bus station, it isa good idea to buy your ticket from a clearly marked taxi booth.Always remember to research your destination before leaving and, as you are packing, think twice aboutthe valuables you need to take! It is always recommended not to travel with things that you won't use.The use of credit and debit cards is really convenient, but don't forget to have a back-up plan in case youlose your card (or have it swallowed by an ATM). It is always a good idea to travel with some traveler'schecks or a small amount of cash, just in case.When dealing with numbers, pay attention to the use of commas and periods. Some countries in LatinAmerica, like Argentina for example, use periods instead of commas to separate thousands, and theyalso use commas instead of periods to mark the decimal units. So, in Argentina 5,000 would be 5.000and 29.99 would be 29,99.In Latin America, emergency telephone numbers are usually a three-digit number that may differ fromcountry to country. In Mexico, depending on where you are you will dial 066, 060 or 080 for emergencyservices. And, the emergency numbers in Guatemala are 110, 120 and 123. So, be sure to look for thenumber before entering a country and to have it on hand, just in case.Traveling may be an extremely interesting and joyful experience but, did you know that the chances ofcontracting illnesses increase when traveling? Therefore, you should be prepared for such risks and seekappropriate advice before leaving your country. Ask your doctor for medicines you may need to take withyou and whether there is a particular tablet or shot you are required to take before entering the country.South America is a fascinating continent with plenty of gorgeous places to visit and friendly people tomeet! But when visiting a country there, just like when you visit any other country in the world, you needto take a few basic safety precautions. These include protecting your valuables by leaving them at home,trying not to look like a tourist when you go out and being cautious when using ATMs. In short, always relyon your common sense for your own safety and enjoy your travels, but be safe!Did you know that altitude sickness is a common illness for those going to altitudes over 2,438 m? Well,be aware the highest point in Argentina is 6,960 m! Chile reaches as high as 6,880m! And, Peru'shighest point is 6,768 m! So, if you are planning to visit countries such as Perú, Chile or Argentina youshould consult your doctor before as there are some treatments for altitude sickness that can beprescribed.



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Most people that travel to Latin America do not need medical attention. But accidents may happenanywhere! So, take into account that if you are in a remote or rural area and are in need of a doctor, youmay want to travel to a bigger town or city where modern facilities will be available.In Latin America, you will hear people say celular, which is the short form of teléfono celular.Did you know that Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world in terms of the amount ofpeople who speak it as their first language?Did you know Spanish is one of the world's most phonetic languages? This means that if you know how tospell a word, you can almost always know how to pronounce it.


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Grammar Notes

Did you notice that "Good morning" is Buenos días, but "Good afternoon" is Buenas tardes? This isbecause in Spanish every noun has either a masculine or feminine gender, and the adjective has toreflect this gender. You will learn more about this later in this chapter.Estar is only one of two verbs meaning "to be" in Spanish. It is often used for temporary states of "tobe."In Spanish, está is the form of the verb estar used when saying "he/she is" or "you are" in a formal way.Notice that the formal way to say "you are" (está) becomes estás when used informally.In Spanish, the use of pronouns is not necessary when the person whom you are speaking about is easilyunderstood from context. This is because in Spanish the verb endings change to indicate the personbeing referred to. It's not always necessary to use the informal "you" (tú) because it is reflected in theverb ending. But, the formal form of "you" (usted) is often used. This is because it is not totally obviousfrom the form of the verb whom the speaker is referring to. Está is used for usted (you [formal]), él(he), and ella (she). This is something that happens with all the verbs in Spanish. Keep in mind thatthese three persons will always have the same form of the verb just like in English when we say "he is,""she is," and "it is."Remember you could have also said, "¿Cómo está?" without saying ella as long as the person whom youare speaking about is clear from the context of the conversation.Ella está bien is also correct.Did you answer Está cansado or *Ella está cansado? This is almost correct. However, in Spanish the adjective must reflect the gender of the noun it modifies. In general, masculine nouns and theiradjectives end in "-o," and feminine nouns and adjectives end in "-a."Since in Spanish all adjectives have to agree with the gender of the noun they modify, in this course wewill adopt the masculine gender as the default. Remember the masculine gender is usually indicated byan "-o" at the end of the word. Moving forward, we will be sure to let you know when to use the femininegender.Did you say *un bueno día? Good guess! However, if an adjective ending in "-o" comes before asingular masculine noun, then we drop the "-o." Again, this only happens if the adjective comes beforethe noun. For example, we say un hombre bueno (a good man) but un buen hombre (a good man)if the adjective comes first. Remember, this rule only applies to singular masculine nouns. So buenosdías always gets to keep the "-o"!The imperative verb form is the command form. That is, we use the imperative form to give commandslike "Stop!" or "Hurry!" and so on.Que is the subordinate conjunction "that" as in, "I hope that you have a good day."Did you notice there is no word in Spanish equivalent to the English “do” when used in questions?Remember that personal pronouns are not necessary in Spanish. Try the following question without thepronoun usted.



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Did you remember that in Spanish él, ella and usted use the same form of the verb? Therefore, wehave él habla, ella habla or usted habla with the verb hablar.Do you remember that in Spanish there is no equivalent to "do" when used in questions? Well, similarly innegation there is no equivalent to "don't", you simply use "no".In Spanish, de is used for both "from" and "of." But don't worry, the context of the conversation will helpyou decide which one is being used!Do you remember "to be" is also estar in Spanish? This is because "to be" using the verb ser is used forstates of being that do not change; for example, Soy una mujer. (I am a woman). Whereas, Estar isused for states of being that can change; for example, Estoy cansada (I am tired).Did you notice that the English personal pronoun "they" has two Spanish equivalents: ellas and ellos?Did you get it right? You might have said son mexicano. Remember that in Spanish there are singularand plural nouns, as well as adjectives that apply to every person. Therefore, son referring to "they are,"needs a plural adjective such as mexicanos.Did you say, "*¿Cómo usted se llama?" Good guess! However, personal pronouns like usted, etc.,can either come at the beginning or end of the sentence. So, you can say, ¿Usted cómo se llama? or¿Cómo se llama usted?Llamarse is a reflexive verb. Reflexive verbs show that the action of the subject of the sentence is beingcarried out on the subject itself. That is why "to call" (llamar) alone is not reflexive because this canmean that I call you on the phone. However, if you want to say that I call myself, as in "my name is," I amperforming the action on myself, so I would use the reflexive verb llamarse (to call oneself), and say mellamo, literally "I call myself." For he / she and you (formal) the pronoun is se, so you say, Él se llama,etc.Did you notice that se from the end of the verb llamarse moved to the front when we said usted sellama?Notice how se llama can be used to refer to he, she or the formal you. This is similar to the use of estáand many other verbs.For this next slide, remember that in Spanish, when the person you are referring to can be understoodfrom the context of the conversation, it is not necessary to use the pronoun.Did you say *ellos se llama? This is almost correct. However, similar to how verbs change their endingto agree with the subject of the sentence, they must also agree with the subject in number, that is,singular or plural. This is why se llama changed to se llaman to create the plural form of llamarse.For this next slide remember that "he is / she is / it is" and "you are (formal)" all use the same form of theverb.Remember that ser is used for permanent states such as Soy María (I'm Maria), which is somethingthat would not normally change, or Soy de México (I'm from Mexico).



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In Spanish, it is not common to say "This is ...," and then the name, to introduce a person. Instead we say"He is ..." or "She is...," and then the person's name or relationship to the person introducing them.Did you say *mi amigos? If you did, no biggie. Just remember that mi (my) has to agree in number withthe noun amigos (friends). So, the correct answer is the plural form mis amigos.Conocer can be both to meet or to know. But don't worry, you will know which meaning is being used bythe context of the conversation.You may also hear people say Es un placer conocerlo. Placer literally means "pleasure." So, you canuse either Es un gusto conocerlo or Es un placer conocerlo. Both phrases have the samemeaning.Did you remember that most adjectives have a masculine and feminine form? Usually adjectives thatdescribe a male will end with an "-o" like perdido (lost) and listo (ready), whereas adjectives thatdescribe a female will end with an "-a" such as perdida and lista.Although many times the use of personal pronouns in Spanish is optional, they are used when we want toadd emphasis. In this next slide, add emphasis to who is tired and who is bored.Bus stop (la parada de autobús) can literally be translated, "the stop of bus." In Spanish, when anoun works as a modifier, for example "bus" in "bus stop," these two words are usually joined with thepreposition de (of).You might have said, "¿Dónde está las llaves?" Almost, but remember that llaves (keys) is plural, sowe must make the verb plural. The correct answer is ¿Dónde están las llaves?You might have said la mapa. However, mapa is one of the exceptions to the general rule thatmasculine nouns end with "-o." Mapa is actually a masculine noun. So, "the map" is el mapa.Recall that in Spanish, many times pronouns like, you/ he/ she/ and it, are not used since the subject ofthe sentence is reflected on the verb. Therefore, when we say "it is," we only use the proper form of theverb ser or estar.Countries in Latin America do not use miles to measure distance. Distance is measured in kilometers(kilómetros). One mile is about 1.6 kilometers.Did you notice the little word a? It doesn't have a real meaning here. Just remember that it's necessary toalways use a between the verb estar and the distance.Pay attention to this little verb ir. It does not follow the regular verb pattern that we have seen so far.In order to say "to" or "towards" you can use a or hacia. Both prepositions are equivalent in this context.Did you say *uno mapa? That's almost correct. However, recall the phrase buen día (good day) andhow bueno dropped the -o when it preceded the masculine noun día. For this same reason uno dropsthe -o when followed by a masculine noun and we say, un mapa.Did you say una llave? Well done! This shows that the feminine form of the number uno is una.



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When forming the plural of postal you may have said *postals. That's close. However, in Spanish, tomake the plural of a noun that ends with a consonant, you have to add -es to the end of the noun. That'swhy the plural of postal is postales.In English, we use "a little bit" when referring to uncountable nouns like milk, money, and water, and "afew" when referring to countable things like maps and postcards. However, in Spanish the same word isused for both. The only trick is to make poco plural for the countable nouns. For example, Tengo pocodinero (I have a little bit of money), but Tengo pocos mapas (I have few maps). Generally if in Englishwe would use "few," then in Spanish you will use pocos or pocas.Did you answer *¿Cuánto cuesta tres boletos? You were almost correct, but remember that verbs inSpanish have to agree with the number of the noun, that is, singular or plural. Cuesta literally means "itcosts." Cuestan is the plural form (they cost). Therefore the correct answer is ¿Cuánto cuestan tresboletos?The Spanish numbers for 16 to 29 are easy! They are actually contractions. For example, 16 is diez(ten) and seis (six), dieciséis. And, 21 is veinte (20) and uno (one), veintiuno. Remember this rulewhen saying the following numbers!Numbers treinta y uno (thirty-one) through noventa y nueve (ninety-nine) are really easy! Thesenumbers are formed by combining the tens and the single digits with y (and). Remember this rule for thenext set of numbers!In Spanish, many times you don't need to use pronouns because the verb ending tells whom you aretalking about. Well, gustar (to like) is a special verb in Spanish, it always needs an accompanyingpronoun. For example, me gusta (I like), le gusta (he/ she likes; you [formal] like), and so on.You might have said *ese camiseta. Like adjectives and other describing words in Spanish, "this,""that," "these," and "those" also need to agree with the gender of the noun they describe. So the correctanswer is esa camiseta.Did you remember to change listo to lista because Maria is a female?Did you remember to change listo to listos to indicate that it's plural?Did you notice that español changed to española? This is just another example of gender agreement. Since paella is a feminine noun it's adjective must agree and also become feminine.You may recall that que is the relative pronoun "that." However, qué with the accent over the "e" is thequestion word, "what." So in Spanish, one little accent mark can change the meaning of a word!Do you remember that in Spanish in order to say "to" we used the preposition a? You may have noticedthat in this case we said al, not a. That is because al is actually a union of a and el from elrestaurante.You might hear people say Disculpe or Lo siento to mean "I'm sorry." These two phrases can generallybe used interchangeably. However, Disculpe can be used to say "I'm sorry" or "Excuse me", while Losiento is generally used only to say "I'm sorry." Don't worry about when to use them! The context willhelp you decide.



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Pay attention to this new word adónde and learn how to differentiate it from dónde. Dónde means"where" and is used to ask questions about the location of something. Adónde, on the other hand, isthe form used to inquire about the destination of someone or something, as in "to where..." Consequently, in Spanish you would say, ¿Adónde vas? (To where are you going?) However, you cannot say "*To where is the book?" Instead you say, "Where is the book?" (¿Dónde está el libro?).Do you recall that tarde can also mean "afternoon" and "late?" If you forgot, don't worry! You will knowwhich tarde is being used by the context of the conversation.Did you remember that in Spanish the "h" is always silent?Do you see the pattern here? Now try to apply this pattern to the new verb you just learned.You have seen that verbs in Spanish must reflect their subject. Most follow a regular pattern. Given theverb hablar (to speak) and habla (you speak, formal), try to guess the answer to this next slide.Numbering in the hundreds also follows a regular pattern in Spanish. That makes it easy, right? All youhave to do is add -to to the end of the word hundred. For example one hundred twenty is ciento veinteand one hundred sixteen is ciento dieciséis.Did you notice that because two is plural we have to add an -s? This is why we say ciento doce (onehundred twelve), but doscientos doce (two hundred twelve).Did you notice that the words used in Spanish to show possession have singular and plural forms in orderto agree with the noun? So, you will say mi tarjeta de crédito (my credit card) but mis tarjetas dedébito (my debit cards). You say su cheque del viajero (your traveler's check) but sus dólares(your dollars).Did you notice that se acepta (is accepted) changed to se aceptan (are accepted)? Remember theverb must always agree with the subject. So, since tarjetas de crédito is plural, we add the -n to endof the verb to make it plural as well.The word nada means "nothing" and it can often mean "anything" as well.Did you notice that in Spanish you can negate a sentence twice? That's because in Spanish doublenegatives are very common, so you will frequently hear people saying No pasa nada (Nothinghappens), No tengo nada (I have nothing), No quiero nada (I want nothing). This generally happenswhen nada is right after the verb so, you first negate the verb and then add the word nada.Creating the -ing form in Spanish generally follows a regular pattern. For verbs that end in -ar you simplydrop the last -r of the verb and add -ndo. For verbs that end in -er or -ir you drop this ending and add -iendo. So, pasar becomes pasando, comer changes to comiendo, and subir becomes subiendoetc.¿Qué pasa contigo? and ¿Qué pasó contigo? can also be used interchangeably to mean "What'swrong with you?"Did you notice that you need to use me before the verb caí?Did you notice that sentirse is another reflexive verb? Remember that reflexive verbs mean the actionof the subject is being carried out on the subject itself. You must always include the pronoun withreflexive verbs. So, he feels is Él se siente.For this next slide see if you can remember the Spanish relative pronoun 'that', as in, "I hope that youhave a good day."



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Just a heads up, fiebre is a feminine noun.Heads up! Desmayarse is not the main verb in this next sentence. This means we will not change itsending.Did you notice that in Spanish we don't use the possessive to refer to the part of the body that hurts? InEnglish you say "My head hurts", but in Spanish you say ¡Me duele la cabeza! (not ¡Me duele micabeza!).In Spanish, the structure ya no always goes at the beginning of the sentence. Remember this rule forthe next line!You might have said *¿Quiere que llamo? or *¿Quiere que llamar? However in Spanish, we use thesubjunctive form of the verb when we want to convey Wishes, Impersonal Expressions, Emotions,Requests, Doubts/ Desires, Opinions, Negative Commands, Uncertainty, or Tentativeness. (You canremember these with the acronym "WEIRDO NUT.") In Spanish, this generally means that if the verbends in -ar you drop this ending and add an -e. And, if the verb ends in -er or -ir, you will drop this andadd an -a. So, the subjunctive form of llamar is llame.For this next slide remember that when you give a negative command, you need to drop the -r andchange the last vowel accordingly to form the subjunctive form of the verb.Did you remember the "h" is always silent in Spanish?Recall how Spanish allows for the use of double negatives. This is why we say, "There aren't none,"instead of, "There aren't any."Did you say *ninguno doctor? Very close! However, remember what you learned about how adjectivesdrop the final -o when they precede a masculine noun. Therefore, if we were referring to a female doctorwe would say, ninguna doctora.Entender (to understand) is an irregular verb like costar (to cost) and decir (to say). Be careful withthese verbs because their conjugations do not follow the same pattern regular verbs do.As you can see, it is easy to use comparatives in Spanish! Generally speaking, in Spanish, you only haveto add the word más (more) to the adjective, for example: más alto (louder), más despacio (slower).Did you notice that este became esta in order to agree with the gender of palabra?Did you remember that you use the same form of the verb for he/ she/ it and you (formal)?You probably recall that for is also para. Both por and para mean "for." Para is usually used toindicate an end point, goal or target. For example, Este es para usted. Por usually indicates anintermediate point of time. For example, por dos horas. Or, when used to indicate exchange, as in,"thank you for..."Do you remember the pattern we used to change bajar (to get off) to bajamos (we get off)? Keep thisin mind for the next slide.



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Did you notice that this si does not have the accent? In Spanish, you add the accent to this word whenyou use it to say an affirmative sentence, for example: Sí, quiero hablar español (Yes, I want to speakSpanish). You will use si without the accent when it represents a condition, for example: Podemoshablar español si quieres (We can speak Spanish if you want). So, generally speaking, when inEnglish you say "yes" you have to use the accent and when you say "if" you don't use it.Did you notice that perfecto changed to the feminine form perfecta? By now you know that this isbecause pronunciación is a feminine noun.Are you recognizing a pattern?Sólo means "only." But, solo without the accent means "alone."


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Spanish - Lone Star College · ¡Buenos días! Estoy bien, gracias. ¿Y usted? (BWEHnohs DEEahs ehsTOY byehn GRAHsyahs ee oosTEHDTH) ... Hola. English Spanish 1 Hello. Hola…