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Sustainable Agricultural Drainage Drivers,
Benchmarking and KPI’s as part of IWRM
Willem F. VlotmanChairman Working Group on Drainage
Assistant Director Basin Plan ModellingMurray-Darling Basin Authority, Canberra, Australia
Outline Drivers of Drainage Integrated Water (Resource) Management Triple Bottom Line, what’s that? Tools and SMART Indicators Eflow?, Climate Change & Risk
Management in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia
Conclusions on drivers and KPI’s and where we are heading
Drivers
Drainage
Drivers of Drainage
Drivers of Drainage Drainage to achieve sustainability of a water
management development Historic drivers of drainage
Generic agricultural level National policy level, and Farm/project level
Future drivers of drainage Drainage of rain fed land Drainage of salinity control Drainage driven by environmental aspects
Recently drivers of drainage can be grouped in: Satisfy ecological objectives Sustainability of diversions for consumptive use Integration & risk management
Modernisation = a driver An opportunity to do it right this time! BUT
Modernise ON TIMEWITHIN BUDGET, and above allTAKE YOUR TIME TO DO THINGS RIGHT
IWRM
Sustainable IWRM Sustainable IWRM encompasses the aspects of true
integrated water management in a sustainable manner by using Triple Bottom Line (TBL) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to measure achievements.
Sustainable development is development that needs to meet the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs and aspirations.
Integration is defined as considering the whole of the hydrologic water cycle on catchment scale quantitatively and qualitatively
drainage
drainage
drainage
drainage
drainage
drainage
IWRM
Integrated WRM Meteorology Surface Water Hydrology Groundwater
Sustainability
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE
Triple Bottom Line
1 Environmental
2 Economic3 Social & Cultural
Sustainable Development
Triple Bottom Line Reporting
1 Environmental
2 Economic
3 Social & Cultural
Common TBL reporting is through the annual report of the organisation, but is it Sustainable Development?
Catchment area for the Murray and Darling Catchment area for the Murray and Darling rivers and their tributaries rivers and their tributaries Total of 23 river valleys Total of 23 river valleys Basin area over 1 million square Basin area over 1 million square kilometres kilometres 14% of total area of Australia 14% of total area of Australia Population >2 millionPopulation >2 millionAnnual average rainfall 530,618 gigalitres Annual average rainfall 530,618 gigalitres 94% of rainfall evaporates; 2% drains into the ground; 4% 94% of rainfall evaporates; 2% drains into the ground; 4%
ends up as runoff ends up as runoff Basin generates 39% of the national income derived from Basin generates 39% of the national income derived from
agricultural production agricultural production Produces 53% of Australian cereals grown for grain, 95% Produces 53% of Australian cereals grown for grain, 95%
of oranges, and 54% of apples of oranges, and 54% of apples Supports 28% of the nation’s cattle herd, 45% of sheep, Supports 28% of the nation’s cattle herd, 45% of sheep,
and 62% of pigs.and 62% of pigs.
QLD
NSWSA
VIC
ACT
The Murray-Darling Basin
47 surface and groundwater models used in the 18 MDB reporting regions
Paroo IQQM
Warrego IQQMNebine IQQM
Condamine MODFLOW
Middle Condamine IQQM
St George SGCS13NT
Lower Balonne IQQM
Upper Condamine IQQM
Border R. and Mac B. IQQMBorder Rivers MODFLOW
Moonie IQQM
Gwydir IQQMLower Gwydir MODFLOW
Eastern Mt Lofty Ranges 6*WATERCRESS
DailyWeeklyMonthly
Barwon-Darling IQQM
Menindee IQQM
Peel IQQMUpper Namoi MODFLOW
Namoi IQQMLower Namoi MODFLOWMacq-Castlereagh 6*IQQMMacquarie MODFLOW
Wimmera REALMLachlan IQQM
Mid-Lachlan MODFLOWLower Lachlan MODFLOW
Ovens REALMGSM REALM
Avoca REALMSnowy SIM_V9
Murray BigModMurray MSM
Southern Riverine Plains MODFLOW
Upper Bidgee IQQMACTEW REALM
Mid Bidgee MODFLOW
Bidgee IQQMLower Bidgee
MODFLOW
Season: what time of year (start and end day)
Spell definition: duration, number, single longest:
Threshold: flow above or below this level
• Minimum duration: – what is the minimum
number of days for a partial spell to be considered
• Return period: – every year or some
multiple• Independence criteria:
– how long between spells
Ecological Objectives and Functions
Back to flow diagram
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) Environment
Environmental health; meet ecological objectives and functions
Water quantity & quality Bird breeding events, fish propagation, etc.
Economic Maintain productivity of region Economic viability and change in regional wealth Financial soundness
Social & cultural Stakeholder involvement Safety issues Cultural acceptance
SMART
SMART Simple Measurable Accessible Relevant Timely
Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time-framed
Guidance with selection of KPIs Separate internal and external indicators INTERNAL is for SHAREHOLDERS, staff and
direct customers EXTERNAL is for the remaining stakeholders;
the indirect customers, those that are affected by our products and services
INTERNAL: business performance EXTERNAL: TBL
Tools
Benchmarking: last major action in 2007 Balanced ScoreCard TBL GRI
Achilles Heel Large amount of data to be collected for a
few KPI’s for instance:Australian National Committee on Irrigation
and Drainage (ANCID) Benchmarking study: 69 irrigation industry performance indicators (3-4 drainage related), but covering all TBL aspects
Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) performance indicators 79 (49 core and 30 additional but each indicator built up from various supporting parameters/indicators
BSC has 40+ indicators
Conclusions on KPI’s
INTERNAL INDICATORS (BSC) 12 KPI’s 4 of each of categories
EXTERNAL INDICATORS (TBL)3 economic9 environment (health, quantity, quality)6 social/cultural
Conclusions Change in paradigm from socio-economic to Triple
Bottom Line: environmental-economic-social/cultural Did we do the right thing? Generally no Drivers of drainage
Modernisation (aging water supply system) Climate changes (anthropogenic and natural weather cycles
shorter than commonly perceived) Sustainability of physical environments
IWRM at basin level Environmental Health of river systems and dependent eco systems Increased property values (urbanisation/industrialisation)
Select appropriate KPIs using the Balanced Scorecard system for internal performance indicators and the Global Reporting Institute Triple Bottom Line approach for external performance indicators
Questions