Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 Copenmind 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 September 2008 SHERPA PROJECT Christer

Swedish Renewable Energies AssociationSwedish Renewable Energies Association

www.sero.seChrister Söderberg 0710

Copenmind 2008

Copenhagen, Denmark

3 September 2008

SHERPA PROJECT

Christer SöderbergSERO

Sweden

SMALL HYDROPOWER, ENERGY AND WATER SMALL HYDROPOWER, ENERGY AND WATER


SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27

SHERPA PROJECT

Small Hydropower, energy and water

EU definition: max installed capacity 10MW

Total capacity: 11 737 MW

Total production: 38 515 GWh

SwedishSwedish Renewable Energies AssociationRenewable Energies Association



Climate Change

Protection of environment

Ending of fossil fuels and rising oil prices

Need to diversify energy mix for the future

Security of supply

New innovative business sector

Urgent need for clean energy

WHY RENEWABLES & SMALL HYDROPOWER?



Kyoto protocol

EU White Paper

Directive 2001/77/EC, promotion of renewable electricity

New Directive on the promotion of Renewable energy with 20% mandatory target by 2020

POLICY FRAMEWORK



SMALL HYDROPOWER BENEFITSSMALL HYDROPOWER BENEFITS

SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It SHP can be one of the most economic methods of generating electricity. It has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and has long lifespan up to 50 years or more and relatively low operating and maintenance costs. maintenance costs.

Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%)Highly efficient (from 70% to 90%)

Proven and reliable technologyProven and reliable technology

Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the Secure source of electricity supply – can counter the

intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as intermittency of other renewable energy technologies such as

solar and windsolar and wind

Attractive energy pay-back ratioAttractive energy pay-back ratio

Tool for flood prevention and controlTool for flood prevention and control

Suitable for rural electrification in developing countriesSuitable for rural electrification in developing countries



Small Hydropower is clean, emissions-free and renewable source of energy

NON-COMBUSTION ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

(NCEP)

NO EMISSION AT ENERGY CONVERSION

NO EMISSION AT FUEL PRODUCTION

NO EMISSION AT FUEL TRANSPORT

NO WASTE

Highest ranking in Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)



HYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPEHYDROPOWER DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE

BEFORE 1830 WATER WHEELBEFORE 1830 WATER WHEEL

1830 THE WATER TURBINE WAS DEVELOPED IN FRANCE1830 THE WATER TURBINE WAS DEVELOPED IN FRANCE

1880 CA ELECTRICITY PRODUCED WITH HYDROPOWER1880 CA ELECTRICITY PRODUCED WITH HYDROPOWER

1900-1960 FAST DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER1900-1960 FAST DEVELOPMENT OF HYDROPOWER

1960-1980 A DARK PERIOD FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER1960-1980 A DARK PERIOD FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER

1980-2000 SLOWLY REVIVAL OF SMALL HYDROPOWER1980-2000 SLOWLY REVIVAL OF SMALL HYDROPOWER

2000- A COME-BACK FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER 2000- A COME-BACK FOR SMALL HYDROPOWER



LEADING SHP COUNTRIES IN EULEADING SHP COUNTRIES IN EU

EU MEMBER STATES EU MEMBER STATES

(6 leading countries account for 85.1% of SHP capacity)(6 leading countries account for 85.1% of SHP capacity)COUNTRYCOUNTRY CAPACITY, MWCAPACITY, MW PRODUCTION, GWHPRODUCTION, GWH

Italy 2 467 7 875Italy 2 467 7 875France 2 049 6 010 France 2 049 6 010 Spain 1 816 3 999 Spain 1 816 3 999 Germany 1 650 7 996 Germany 1 650 7 996 Austria 1 099 3 800Austria 1 099 3 800SwedenSweden 898 898 3 516 3 516All EU-27 11 737 38 515All EU-27 11 737 38 515Source: ESHA 2006 figuresSource: ESHA 2006 figures

COUNTRIES OUTSIDE EUCOUNTRIES OUTSIDE EUNorway 1 310 4 893Norway 1 310 4 893Switzerland Switzerland 794 3 439 794 3 439



Country Installed capacity (MW) GWh Country

Installed capacity (MW) GWh

EU-27 11 737 38 515 Luxembourg 21 75

Belgium 58 173 Hungary 11 47 Czech Republic 276 964 Malta 0 0 Denmark 11 23 Netherlands 12.5 31 Germany 1650 7996 Austria 1099 3800 Estonia 6 22 Poland 270 803 Greece 89 327 Portugal 267 280 Spain 1816 3999 Slovenia 143 425 France 2049 6010 Finland 306 1240 Ireland 19 58 Sweden 898 3516 Italy 2467 7875 UK 53 477 Cyprus 0 0 Bulgaria 72 854 Latvia 26 58 Romania 325 676 Lithuania 25 66 Slovakia 63 250

SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27SMALL HYDROPOWER IN EU-27

(source: Eurostat & Eurobserv’ER) 2006)(source: Eurostat & Eurobserv’ER) 2006)



CURRENT TREND COMPARED WITH THE WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES



WHY MODEST GROWTH RATES?WHY MODEST GROWTH RATES?

Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less Environmental concerns - ecological impact & less economical than large hydro economical than large hydro

Regulatory barriersRegulatory barriers

Administrative barriers Administrative barriers

Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory Lack of financial incentives and clear regulatory framework (developing countries)framework (developing countries)



WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHPWATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE & SHP

WFD sets WFD sets an overall objective to achieve ‘good an overall objective to achieve ‘good status’ for all waters by 2015. status’ for all waters by 2015.

Environment and sustainability are of crucial Environment and sustainability are of crucial importance for SHP development:importance for SHP development:

• Reserved flow to protect natural life in the riverReserved flow to protect natural life in the river

• Continuous research & innovations: fish pass-Continuous research & innovations: fish pass-systems and systems and fish-friendly turbines: fish-friendly turbines: infrared & eel infrared & eel

• Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production Multi-purpose schemes: electricity production combined with flood control, irrigation channels, combined with flood control, irrigation channels, waste water treatment and recreational use. waste water treatment and recreational use.



SMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVESMALL HYDROPOWER, WFD & RES DIRECTIVE

Small hydropower Small hydropower schemes are mainly run-of-river schemes are mainly run-of-river with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well with little or no reservoir impoundment – a well designed SHP scheme can blend in with its designed SHP scheme can blend in with its surroundings. surroundings.

SHP contributes to CO₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh SHP contributes to CO₂ emissions reduction: 1 GWh of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of of electricity produced by SHP means a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 700 tonnes. CO₂ emissions by 700 tonnes.

Important: Important: The implementation of the WFD must not The implementation of the WFD must not oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive oppose the targets of the RES Framework Directive which is also an environmental Directive.which is also an environmental Directive.



As a As a clean, efficient, emissions-free source of clean, efficient, emissions-free source of renewable energyrenewable energy, small hydropower’s contribution to , small hydropower’s contribution to security of supply, stability of energy prices and security of supply, stability of energy prices and climate change mitigation is considerable. climate change mitigation is considerable.

The future of small hydropower in the EU will partly The future of small hydropower in the EU will partly depend on these two directives being transposed in a depend on these two directives being transposed in a correctly balanced manner. correctly balanced manner.

BALANCING THE TARGETS OF WFD AND BALANCING THE TARGETS OF WFD AND RES FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE RES FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE



SHP POTENTIALSHP POTENTIAL

In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year In EU-27 up to 34 TWh/year (ESHA estimation)(ESHA estimation)

Potential in upgrading and modernisationPotential in upgrading and modernisation

On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and On a global scale – huge possibilities with ETS and CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural CDMs: SHP very suitable technology for rural electrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealthelectrification – cost-effective, creates jobs & wealth

New projects New projects in particular in China, Japan, India, in particular in China, Japan, India, Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Nepal, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines and Peru (also Turkey and Russia)Peru (also Turkey and Russia)



ESHAESHA

Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989Non-profit Organisation, founded 1989

Headquarters in Renewable Energy House Headquarters in Renewable Energy House in Brusselsin Brussels

Members in mostly all EU countries and Members in mostly all EU countries and worldwide; industry, national associations, worldwide; industry, national associations, research community, individual membersresearch community, individual members

Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & Promotion of SHP, lobbying, projects & information disseminationinformation dissemination


THANK´STHANK´SFOR YOURFOR YOUR KINDKIND ATTENTIONATTENTION

Documents

Swedish Renewable Energies Association Christer Söderberg 0710 Copenmind 2008 Copenhagen, Denmark 3 September 2008 SHERPA PROJECT Christer