SYLLABUS IN PHYSICS OF ALL UNIVERSITIES IN …vyshnavicolleges.com/files/Physics-Final-syllubus.pdf · Formula & Explanation 10 Tabular ... graph, precautions & Result 10 Viva-Voc

SYLLABUS IN PHYSICS OF ALL UNIVERSITIES IN

ANDHRA PRADESH STATE

(w.e. f 2015-2016)

BOARD OF STUDIES IN PHYSICS

Minutes of the Chairpersons, BOS in Physics on June 3rd

&4th

, 2015

The Chairpersons. Board of Studies in Physics of SVU, ANU, SKU, YVU University are met on

3rd

& 4th

June, 2015 at 10.00 a.m.to 5.00 p.m. along with the University Administration in the

Senate Room, A.D. Building, SV University,Tirupati to finalise the syllabi of the Physics as per

State Council of Higher Education/ UGC model curriculum at Under Graduate level.

Members Present

1. Dr.Smt. V.Padmavathi BOS –SV University Tirupati

SPW College, Tirupati

2. Dr.S.Lakshmi Reddy BOS- YV University, Kadapa

SV Degree College, Kadapa

3. Dr. Y.Gourisankar BOS-Acharya Nagarjuna University-Guntur

Hindu College, Guntur

4. Dr. M.Ravi Kumar BOS – SK University, Anantapur

KSN Govt. Degree College

for Women, Anantapur

The following resolutions are passed.

1) It is resolved to follow the Common core syllabus for all the six semesters of eight

papers (Theory) and six practical papers in Six semesters for all the Universities in the

state.

2) The Committee thoroughly discussed the syllabi proposed by UGC/APSCHE in its

Model curriculum and accordingly framed syllabi for eight papers of B.Sc. Physics.

3) The following eight papers are proposed for the 3 years B.Sc. Physics in Choice Based

Credit System (CBCS).

First Semester

Paper I : Mechanics & Properties of Matter

Practical I (Lab-1)

Second Semester

Paper II: Waves & Oscillations

Practical 2 (Lab2)

Third Semester

Paper III: Wave Optics

Practical 3.(Lab 3)

Fourth Semester

Paper IV: Thermodynamics & Radiation Physics

Practical 4.(Lab 4)

Fifth Semester

Paper V: Electricity & Magnetism

Paper VI Atomic Physics & Quantum mechanics

Practical 5. (Lab 5)

Sixth Semester

PaperVII : Digital and Analog Electronics

Paper VIII Nuclear physics & Solid State Physics

Practical 6.(Lab 6)

NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all Units.

4. Each theory paper is of 100 marks and practical paper is also of 100 marks.

Each theory paper is 75 marks university exam (external) + 25 marks internal

Each practical paper is 75 marks external + 25 marks internal

5. The teaching work load per week for semesters I to VI is 4 hours per paper for theory

and 3 hours for all lab practical is same.

6. The duration of the examination for each theory paper is 3.00 hrs.

7. The duration of each practical examination is 3 hrs with 75 marks, which are to be

distributed as: 50 marks for experiment

15 marks for viva

10 marks for record

Practicals 75marks Formula & Explanation 10

Tabular form +graph +circuit diagram 10

Observation 20

Calculation, graph, precautions & Result 10

Viva-Voc 15

Record 10

***NOTE: Practical syllabus is same for both Mathematics and Non Mathematics

combinations

B.Sc. (Physics) (Maths Combinations)

Scheme of instruction and examination to be followed w.e.f. 2015-2016

S.No Semester Title of the paper Instruction

Hrs/week

Duration o f

exam (hrs)

Max

Marks

(external)

Thoery

1 First Paper I : Mechanics & Properties of

Matter

4 3 75

2 Second Paper II: Waves & Oscillations 4 3 75

3 Third Paper III: Wave Optics

4 3 75

4 Fourth Paper IV: Thermodynamics &

Radiation Physics

4 3 75

5 Fifth

Paper V: Electricity & Magnetism

Paper VI: Atomic Physics &

Quantum mechanics

4

4

3

3

75

75

6 Sixth PaperVII : Digital and Analog

Electronics

Paper VIII: Nuclear physics &

Solid State Physics

4

4

3

3

75

75

Practical

1 First Practical 1 3 3 75

2 Second Practical II 3 3 75

3 Third Practical III 3 3 75

4 Fourth Practical IV 3 3 75

5 Fifth Practical V 3 3 75

6 Sixth Practical VI 3 3 75

Model question Paper for all theory papers

Time : 3 hrs Max marks : 75

Section A

Answer any five out of 8 questions

Marks: 5 x3 = 15

Section B

Answer All questions with internal choice from all units (I to V) Marks : 5 x 12 =60

**** At least three problems must be included each with a weightage of 5 marks

SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS

B.Sc. 1st Semester Physics

Paper I: Mechanics & Properties of Matter

(For Maths Combinations)

Work load:60 hrs per semester 4 hrs/week

UNIT I (16 hrs)

1. Vector Analysis : 8 hrs

Scalar and vector fields, gradient of a scalar field and its physical significance. Divergence

and curl of a vector field with derivations and physical interpretation. Vector integration

(line, surface and volume), State and proof of Gauss and Stokes theorem.

UNIT II

2. Mechanics of particles :10 hrs

Laws of motion, motion of variable mass system, motion of a rocket. Conservation of

energy and momentum. Collisions in two and three dimensions. Concept of impact

parameter, scattering cross-section. Rutherford scattering-derivation.

UNIT III (16 hrs)

3. Mechanics of Rigid bodies : 10 hrs

Definition of rigid body, rotational kinematic relations, equation of motion for a rotating

body, angular momentum. Euler equation, precession of a top. Gyroscope, precession of the

equinoxes.

4. Mechanics of continuous media :6 hrs

Elastic constants of isotropic solids and their relation, Poisson's ratio and expression for

Poisson's ratio in terms of y, n, k. Classification of beams, types of bending, point load,

distributed load, shearing force and bending moment, sign conventions.

UNIT IV (10Hrs)

5. Central forces : 12 hrs

Central forces, definition and examples, conservative nature of central forces, conservative

force as a negative gradient of potential energy, equation of motion under a central force.

Derivation of Kepler’s laws. Motion of satellites.

UNIT V (12 hrs)

6. Special theory of relativity : 12 hrs

Galilean relativity, absolute frames. Michelson-Morley experiment, negative result.

Postulates of special theory of relativity. Lorentz transformation, time dilation, length

contraction, addition of velocities, mass-energy relation. Concept of four-vector formalism.

Reference Books:

1. BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad

2. Mechanics - D.S. Mathur, Sulthan Chand & Co, New Delhi

3. Mechanics - J.C. Upadhyaya, Ramprasad & Co., Agra

4. Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi ,11th

Edn., 2000

5. Physics Vol. I - Resnick-Halliday-Krane ,Wiley, 2001

6. Properties of Matter - Brijlal& Subrmanyam ,S.Chand &Co. 1982

7. Dynamics of Particles and Rigid bodies– Anil Rao, Cambridge Univ Press, 2006

8. Mechanics-EM Purcell, Mc Graw Hill

9. University Physics-FW Sears, MW Zemansky & HD Young, Narosa Publications, Delhi

10. College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.

11. S.G.Venkatachalapathy, Mechanics, Margham Publication, 2003.

Practical paper 1: Mechanics

Work load: 30 hrs per semester 3 hrs/week

Minimum of 8 experiments to be done and recorded

1. Volume resonator

2. Viscosity of liquid by the flow method (Poiseuille’s method)

3. Young’s modulus material a rod by uniform bending

4. Young’s modulus material a rod by non- uniform bending

5. Surface tension of a liquid by the method of drops

6. Surface tension of a liquid by capillary rise method

7. Determination of radius of capillary tube by Hg thread method

8. Viscosity of liquid by logarithmic decrement method

9. Bifilar suspension –moment of inertia.

10. Rigidity modulus of material of a wire-dynamic method (torsional pendulum)

11. Fly-wheel

12. Determination of Y of bar –cantilever.



II SEMESTER


UNIT I

1. Simple Harmonic oscillations :12 hrs

Simple harmonic oscillator and solution of the differential equation-Physical characteristics

of SHM, torsion pendulum-measurements of rigidity modulus, compound pendulum-

measurement of ‘g’, combination of two mutually perpendicular simple harmonic vibrations

of same frequency and different frequencies. Lissajous figures.

UNIT II

2. Damped and forced oscillations :12 hrs

Damped harmonic oscillator, solution of the differential equation of damped oscillator.

Energy considerations, comparison with un-damped harmonic oscillator, logarithmic

decrement, relaxation time, quality factor, differential equation of forced oscillator and its

solution, amplitude resonance and velocity resonance.

UNIT III

3. Complex vibrations : 10 hrs

Fourier theorem and evaluation of the Fourier coefficients, analysis of periodic wave

functions-square wave, triangular wave, saw tooth wave

UNIT IV

4. Vibrating strings :8 hrs

Transverse wave propagation along a stretched string, general solution of wave equation and

its significance, modes of vibration of stretched string clamped at ends, overtones, energy

transport and transverse impedance.

5. Vibrations of bars :9 hrs

Longitudinal vibrations in bars-wave equation and its general solution. Special cases i) bar

fixed at both ends ii) bar fixed at the mid point iii) bar free at both ends iv) bar fixed at one

end. Tuning fork.

UNIT V

6. Ultrasonics :9 hrs

Ultrasonics, properties of ultrasonic waves, production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and

magnetostriction methods, detection of ultrasonics, determination of wavelength of

ultrasonic waves. Applications of ultrasonic waves.

Reference Books:


2. First Year Physics - Telugu Academy.

3. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker ,Wiley India Edition 2007.

4. Waves and Oscillations. S. Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K. Rama Reddy Orient

Longman.

5. Mechanics of Particles, Waves and Oscillations. Anwar Kamal, New Age International.

6. College Physics-I. T. Bhimasankaram and G. Prasad. Himalaya Publishing House.

7. Introduction to Physics for Scientists and Engineers. F.J. Ruche. McGraw Hill.

8. Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramaniyam and Brijlal Vikas Publishing House Private

Limited.

9. Unified Physics Vol.I Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd.

10. Meerut.

11. Science and Technology of Ultrasonics- Bladevraj, Narosa, New Delhi,2004

Practical Paper 2: Waves & Oscillations



1. Determination of ‘g’ by compound/bar pendulum

2. Simple pendulum normal distribution of errors-estimation of time period and the error of

the mean by statistical analysis

3. Determination of the force constant by static and dynamic method and evaluation of ‘g’.

4. Determination of the elastic constants of the material of a flat spiral spring.

5. Determination of moment of inertia of a cylindrical rod -bifilar suspension

6. Coupled oscillators

7. Verification of laws of vibrations of stretched string –sonometer

8. Determination of velocity of transverse wave along a stretched string-sonometer

9. Determination of frequency of a bar –Melde’s experiment.

10. Study of a damped oscillation using the torsional pendulum immersed in liquid-decay

constant and damping correction of the amplitude.

11. Searls viscometer

12. Lissajous figures-CRO

Paper III: Wave Optics


III SEMESTER


UNIT I

1. Aberrations: 7 hrs

Introduction – monochromatic aberrations, spherical aberration, methods of minimizing

spherical aberration, coma, astigmatism and curvature of field, distortion. Chromatic

aberration-the achromatic doublet. Removal of chromatic aberration of a separated doublet.

UNIT II

2. Interference :14 hrs

Principle of superposition-coherence-temporal coherence and spatial coherence-conditions

for interference of light.

Fresnel’s biprism-determination of wavelength of light.Determination of thickness of a

transparent material using biprism –change of phase on reflection-Lloyd’s mirror

experiment.

Oblique incidence of a plane wave on a thin film due to reflected and transmitted light

(cosine law) –colors of thin films-Non reflecting films-interference by a plane parallel film

illuminated by a point source- Interference by a film with two non-parallel reflecting

surfaces (Wedge shaped film). Determination of diameter of wire, Newton’s rings in

reflected light. Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light, Michelson

interferometer-types of fringes. Determination of wavelength of monochromatic light,

Difference in wavelength of sodium D1, D2 lines and thickness of a thin transparent plate.

UNIT III

3. Diffraction:12 hrs

Introduction ,distinction between Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction, Fraunhoffer

diffraction –Diffraction due to single slit and circular aperture-Limit of resolution-

Fraunhoffer diffraction due to doublet slit-Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern with N slits

(diffraction grating).Resolving power of grating-Determination of wavelength of light in

normal and oblique incidence methods using diffraction grating.

Fresnel’s half period zones-area of the half period zones-zone plate-comparison of zone

plate with convex lens-phase reversal zone plate-diffraction at a straight edge-difference

between interference and diffraction.

UNIT IV

4. Polarisation: 10 hrs

Polarized light: methods of polarization polarization by reflection, refraction, double

refraction, selective absorption, scattering of light-Brewster’s law-Mauls law-Nicol prism

polarizer and analyzer-Quarter wave plate, Half wave plate-optical activity, analysis of light

by Laurent’s half shade polarimeter-Babinet’s compensator.

UNIT V

5. Lasers and Holography: 10 hrs

Lasers: introduction, spontaneous emission-stimulated emission-population inversion. Laser

principle-Einstein coefficients-Types of lasers-He-Ne laser-ruby laser-applications of lasers.

Holography: Basic principle of holography-Gabor hologram and its limitations, holography

applications.

6. Fiber Optics: 7 hrs

Introduction- different types of fibers, rays and modes in an optical fiber, fiber material,

principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), advantages of fiber optic

communication.

Reference Books:

1. II BSc Physics -Telugu Akademy, Hyderabad

2. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007

3. Optics – FA Jenkins and HG White, Mc Graw-Hill

4. A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand & Co.

5. Principles of Optics- BK Mathur, Gopala Printing Press, 1995

6. Unified Physics Vol.II Optics & Thermodynamics – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd., Meerut

7. Introduction of Lasers – Avadhanlu, S.Chand & Co.

8. Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication

Practical Paper III: Wave Optics

Work load:30 hrs 3 hrs/week


1. Determination of radius of curvature of a given convex lens-Newton’s rings.

2. Resolving power of grating.

3. Study of optical rotation –polarimeter.

4. Dispersive power of a prism.

5. Determination of wavelength of light using diffraction grating minimum deviation method.

6. Wavelength of light using diffraction grating-normal incidence method.

7. Resolving power of a telescope.

8. Refractive index of a liquid-hallow prism

9. Determination of thickness of a thin fiber by wedge method

10. Measurement of intensity using photosensor and laser in diffraction patterns of single and

double slits.

11. Spectrometer- i-d curve.

12. Determination of refractive index of liquid-Boy’s method.

13. Determination of wavelength-Hartman formula (prism)

14. Determination of wavelength-Hartman dispersion formula (Grating)

15. Determination of wavelength of laser –diffraction grating

Paper IV: Thermodynamics &Radiation Physics


IV SEMESTER


UNIT I

1. Kinetic theory of gases 11 hrs

Introduction –Deduction of Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds, experimental

verification. Toothed wheel experiment. Transport phenomena-Viscosity of gases-thermal

conductivity-diffusion of gases.

UNIT II

2. Thermodynamics 14 hrs

Introduction Isothermal and adiabatic process- general relation between two specific heats –

Isothermal and adiabatic process- Reversible and irreversible processes-Carnnot’s engine

and its efficiency-Carnot’s theorem-Second law of thermodynamics. Kelvin’s and Claussius

statements-Thermodynamic scale of temperature-Entropy, physical significance –Change in

entropy in reversible and irreversible processes-Entropy and disorder-Entropy of Universe-

Temperature-Entropy (T-S) diagram-Change of entropy of a perfect gas change of entropy

when ice changes into steam.

UNIT III

3. Thermodynamic potentials and Maxwell’s equations 11 hrs

Thermodynamic potentials-Derivation of Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations-Clausius-

Clayperon’s equation-Derivation for ratio of specific heats-Derivation for difference of two

specific heats for perfect gas. Joule Kelvin effect-expression for Joule Kelvin coefficient for

perfect and Vanderwaal’s gas.

UNIT IV

4. Low temperature Physics 10 hrs.

Introduction-Joule Kelvin effect-liquefaction of gas using porous plug experiment Joule

expansion-Distinction between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion-Expression for Joule

Thomson cooling-Liquifactin of helium, Kapitza’s method-Adiabatic demagnetization-

applicatins of substances at low-temperature-effects of chloro and flouro carbons on ozone

layer.

UNIT V

5. Quantum theory of radiation 14 hrs

Blackbody-Ferry’s black body-distribution of energy in the spectrum of black body-Wein’s

displacement law,Wein’s law, Rayleigh-Jean’s law-Quantum theory of radiation-Planck’s

law-Measurement of radiation-Types of pyrometers-Disappearing filament optical

pyrometer-experimental determination-Angstron pyroheliometer-determination of solar

constant, effective temperature of Sun.

Reference Books:


2. Fundamentals of Physics. Halliday/Resnick/Walker.C. Wiley India Edition 2007

3. Text Book of +3 Physics – Samal, Mishra & Mohanty, National Library, Min.of Culture,

Govt of India

4. Heat and Thermodynamics- MS Yadav, Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd, 2000

5. University Physics, HD Young, MW Zemansky,FW Sears, Narosa Publishers, New Delhi

6. Unified Physics Vol.II Optics & Thermodynamics – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd., Meerut

7. Heat, Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics-N Brij Lal, P Subrahmanyam, PS Hemne,

S.Chand & Co.,2012

8. Thermodynamics - R.C. Srivastava, Subit K. Saha & Abhay K. Jain Eastern Economy

Edition.

Practical Paper IV: Thermodynamics



1. Specific heat of a liquid –Joule’s calorimeter –Barton’s radiation correction

2. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor-Lee’s method

3. Thermal conductivity of rubber.

4. Measurement of Stefan’s constant.

5. Specific heat of a liquid by applying Newton’s law of cooling correction.

6. Heating efficiency of electrical kettle with varying voltages.

7. Mechanical equivalent of heat

8. Thermo emf- thermo couple potentiometer

9. Coefficient of thermal conductivity of copper- Searle’s apparatus.

10. Thermal behaviour of a electric bulb (filament/torch light bulb)

11. Measurement of Stefan’s constant- emissive method

12. Temperature variation of resistance- thermister.

Paper V

Electricity & Magnetism


V Semester


UNIT I

1.Electric field and potential: 10

Gauss’s law statement and its proof- applications due to (1) Uniformly charged sphere (2)

an infinite conducting sheet of charge and (3) charged cylinder. Electrical potential –

equipotential surfaces- potential due to i) a point charge, ii)charged spherical shell and

uniformly charged circular disc. An electric field strength due to an electric dipole.

UNIT II

2. Capacitance and dielectrics : 12 hrs

Derivation of expression for capacity due to (i) a parallel plate capacitor (ii) a spherical

capacitor, dielectrics- effect of dielectric on dielectrics on condenser, energy stored in a

capacitor, electric capacitance. Electric dipole moment and molecuoar polarizability-electric

displacement D electric polarization P – relation between D,E and P- boundary conditions at

a surface.

UNIT III

3. Moving charges in electric and magnetic field: 6 hrs

Hall effect, cyclotron, synchrocycotron and synchrotron-force on a current carrying

conductor placed in a magnetic field, fore and torque on a current loop, Biot-Savart’s law

and calculation of B due to long straight wire, a circular current loop and solenoid.

4. Electromagnetic induction. 11 hrs

Faraday’s law-Lenz’s law-expression for induced emf-time varying magnetic field Betatron

–ballistic galvanometer-theory-damping correction, self and mutual inductance, coefficient

of coupling ,calculation of self inductance of a long solenoid, toroid, energy stored in

magnetic field ,transformer, construction working , energy losses and efficiency.

UNIT IV

5. Varying and alternating currents :11 hrs

Growth and decay of currents in LR,CR and LCR circuits-critical damping, alternating

current relation between current and voltage in pure R,C and L ,vector diagrams, power in ac

circuits, LCR series and parallel resonant circuit, q-factor.

UNIT V

6. Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic waves: 10 hrs

A review of basic laws of electricity and magnetism-displacement current. Maxwell’s

equations in differential form, Maxwell’s wave equation, plane electromagnetic waves.

Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves. Poynting theorem, production of

electromagnetic waves (Hertz experiment).

Textbooks

1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co. for

semi conductor & Digital Principles)

2. Fundamentals of Physics- Halliday/Resnick/Walker - Wiley India Edition 2007.

3. Berkeley Physics Course – Vol. II - Electricity and Magnetism – Edward M Purcell –The

McGraw-Hill Companies.

4. Electricity and Magnetism – D.N. Vasudeva. S. Chand & Co.

5. Electronic devices and circuits – Millman and Halkias. Mc.Graw-Hill Education.

6. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir.

7. Digital Principles and Applications by A.P. Malvino and D.P. Leach. McGraw Hill

Education.

8. Unified Physics Vol.3 – S.L. Gupta and Sanjeev Gupta – Jai Prakasah Nath & Co-

Meerut.

Paper VI

Atomic Physics & Quantum Mechanics


V Semester


UNIT I

1. Atomic physics 12 hrs

Introduction –drawbacks of Bohr’s atomic model-Sommerfield’s elliptical orbits-

relativistic correction (no derivation). Stern and Gerlach experiment-Vector atom model

and quantum numbers associated with it. L-S and j-j coupling schemes. Zeeman effect.

UNIT II

2. Atoms in External Magnetic Fields: 8 hrs Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Symmetric and

Antisymmetric Wave Functions. Periodic table. Fine structure. Spin orbit coupling. Spectral

Notations for Atomic States. Total Angular Momentum. Vector Model. Spin-orbit coupling

in atoms-L-S and J-J couplings.

3. Molecular Spectroscopy 5 hrs.

Raman effect, hypothesis, classical theory of Raman effect. Experimental arrangement for

Raman effect and its application.

UNIT III

4. Matter waves 12 hrs.

de Broglie’s hypothesis-wavelength of matter waves, properties of matter waves. Phase

and group velocities- Davisson and Germer experiment-double slit experiment. Standing

de Broglie waves of electron in Bohr orbits.

UNIT IV

5. Uncertanity Principle 11 hrs.

Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle for position and momentumfor (x and p), energy and

time (E and t). Gamma ray microscope. Diffraction by a single slit, position of electron in

Bohr orbit. Particle in a box, complementary principle of Bohr.

UNIT V

6. Quantum wave mechanics 12 hrs

Basic postulates of quantum mechanics Schrodinger time independent and time dependent

wave equations-derivates wave function properties-significance. Application of

Schrodinger wave equation to particle in one dimensional infinite box.

Textbooks

1. Modern Physics by G. Aruldhas & P. Rajagopal. Eastern Economy Edition.

2. Concepts of Modern Physics by Arthur Beiser. Tata McGraw-Hill Edition.

3. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.

4. Nuclear Physics by D.C. Tayal, Himalaya Publishing House.

5. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

6. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand – Himalaya

Publishing House.

7. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy.

Elements of Solid State Physics by J.P. Srivastava. (for chapter on nanomaterials)-

Prentice-hall of India Pvt. Ltd

Practical Paper V:



1. Carey Foster’s bridge-temperature coefficient of resistance.

2. Internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer.

3. Figure of merit of a moving coil galvonometer.

4. Voltage sensitivity of a moving coil galvnometer

5. RC Circuit –Frequency response.

6. LR circuit-frequency response.

7. LCR circuit series/parallel resonance, Q factor.

8. Power factor of an A.C. circuit.

9. Determination of ac-frequency –sonometer.

10. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter.

11. e/m of an electron by-Thomson model

12. Energy gap of semiconductor using a junction diode.

13. Phase shift oscillator.

14. Hysteresis curve of transformer core.

15. Verification of Kirchoff’s laws and maximum power transfer theorem.

16. Field along the axis of a circular coil carrying current.

17. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter.

Paper VII : Digital and Analog Electronics


VI SEMESTER


UNIT I

1.Basic electronics: 14 hrs

Formation of electron energy bands in solids, classification of solids in terms of forbidden

energy gap, intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors. Fermi level,continuity equation. P-n

juction diode,zenor diode characteristics, static and dynamic resistance and its application as

voltage regulator. Half-wave and full wave rectifiers and filters, ripple factor (quantitative)

–pnp and npn transistors, current components in transistors, CB,CE and CC configurations-

transistor hybrid parameters, determination of hybrid parameters from transistor (CE)

characteristics. Current gains α and β- Relations between α and β.

UNIT II

2. Power supplies 10 hrs

Power Supply: Half-wave Rectifiers. Centre-tapped and Bridge Full-wave Rectifiers-

Calculation of Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency, Basic idea about capacitorfilter,

Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation

UNIT III

3. Digital principles: 10 hrs

Differences between analog and digital circuits-Binary number system, converting Binary to

Decimal and vice versa. Binary addition and substraction (1’s and 2’s complement

methods).

UNIT IV 12 hrs

4. Logic Gates

Logic gates: OR,AND,NOT gates, truth tables, realization of these gates using discrete

components. NAND, NOR as universal gates, exclusive-OR gate, De Morgan’s Laws-

statement and proof, Half and Full adders, Parallel adder circuits.

UNIT V

5. Operational Amplifiers : 14 hrs

Characteristics of an Ideal and Practical Op-Amp (IC 741), Open-loop& Closed-loop Gain.

CMRR, concept of Virtual ground. Applications of Op-Amps: (1) Inverting and Non-

inverting Amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3) Subtractor, (4) Differentiator, (5) Integrator,(6) Zero

Crossing Detector.

Textbooks

1. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy.

2. Unified electronics Vol IIIElectronic Circuits & Digital Electronics, Agarwal & Agarwal,

A.S.Prakashan, Meerut.

3. Digital and analog systems cicuits and Devices: An Introduction, Belov Schilling, Mc

GrawHill International Edition.

Paper VIII: Nuclear physics & Solid State Physics


VI SEMESTER


UNIT I

1. Crystal Structure: 10 hrs

Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types

of Lattices. Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals. Bragg’s Law. Experimental techniques,

Laue’s method and powder diffraction method.

UNIT II

2. Magnetic Properties of Matter: 10 hrs

Dia-, Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials. Classical Langevin Theory of

Paramagnetism Curie’s law, Weiss’s Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic

Domains.

UNIT III

3. Superconductivity: 8 hrs

Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. BCS theory (elementaty

ideas only) Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s Equation and

Penetration Depth. Isotope effect, applications of super conductors.

4. Nanomaterials 6 hrs

Introduction, nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, semiconductor nanoparticles, carbon

clusters, carbon nanotubes,quantum nanostructures, nanodot, nanowire and quantum well-

applications of nano materials.

UNIT IV

5. General Properties of Nuclei: 10 hrs

Basic ideas of nucleus -size, mass, charge density (matter energy), binding energy, angular

momentum, parity, magnetic moment, electric moments.

Liquid drop model –shell model- collective model, magic numbers.

UNIT V

5.Radioactivity decay: 10 hrs

Alpha decay: basics of α-decay processes, theory of α-decay Gamow’s theory, Geiger

Nuttall law. -decay: energy kinematics for -decay, positron emission, electron capture,

neutrino hypothesis.

6. Detectors of nuclear Radiation: 6 hrs

Ionization chamber, GM Counter. Wilsons cloud chamber, bubble chamber, scintillation

counter

Practical Paper VI:

Work load: 30 hrs 3 hrs/week


1. Construction of a model D.C. power supply.

2. Characteristic of a junction diode.

3. Characteristics of transistor.

4. Characteristics of Zenor diode.

5. Energy gap of a semiconductor using post office box

6. Measurement of thermo emf –potentiometer

7. Determination of constants of B.G.

8. Potentiometer-calibration of high range voltmeter.

9. Potentiometer-calibration of ammeter.

10. FET-characteristics, determination of constants.

11. LDR characteristics.

12. Full wave rectificer with L & section filters.

13. M& H using deflection magnetometer and vibration magnetometer.

14. Potentiometer-comparison of low resistances.

15. Transistor based RC coupled amplifier.

16. Construction of Hartley oscillator using transistor –measurement of frequency using

CRO.

B.Sc. (Physics) (Non-Mathematics Combinations)

Scheme of instruction and examination to be followed w.e.f. 2015-2016

S.No Semester Title of the paper Instruction

Hrs/week

Duration o f

exam (hrs)

Max

Marks

(external)

Thoery

1 First Paper I: Mechanics & Properties of

Matter

4 3 75

2 Second Paper II: Waves & Oscillations 4 3 75

3 Third Paper III: Optics

4 3 75

4 Fourth Paper IV: Thermodynamics &

Radiation Physics

4 3 75

5 Fifth

Paper V: Electrostatics, Electricity

& Magnetism

Paper VI: Modern Physics

4

4

3

3

75

75

6 Sixth PaperVII : Electrical circuits &

Electronics

Paper VIII: Nuclear physics &

Medical Physics

4

4

3

3

75

75

Practical

1 First Practical 1 3 3 75

2 Second Practical II 3 3 75

3 Third Practical III 3 3 75

4 Fourth Practical IV 3 3 75

5 Fifth Practical V 3 3 75

6 Sixth Practical VI 3 3 75

SEMESTER PATTERN UNDER CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM

COMMON CORE SYLLUBUS

B.Sc. 1st Semester Physics

Paper I: Mechanics & Properties of Matter

(For Non-Mathematics Combinations)


UNIT -I

1. Mathematical Background: 8 hours

Scalars and vectors –vector addition-scalar and vector products of vector and their physical

significance-vector calculus-gradient of a scalar point function-divergence and curl of

vector-statements of stokes and Gauss theorems -examples (no derivations).

2.Motion of system : 8 hours

Collisions- Elastic and inelastic collisions-Collisions in one and two dimension-Rocket

propulsion-Center of mass-Motion of the centre of mass-Impact parameter-Scattering cross-

section, Rutherford scattering (No derivation-Qualitative ideas only)

UNIT II

3. Mechanics of Rigid body: 12 hours

Rotational kinetic energy and moment of inertia -Calculating the moment of inertia in

simple cases (Rod, disc, sphere and cylinder)-parallel & Perpendicular axes theorems-

Torque-relation between torque and angular momentum.

Angular momentum of a particle-Torque and angular momentum for a system of particles-

conservation of angular momentum-Translation and rotational motion of system-Elementary

ideas about gyroscopic motion (No derivation –discussion of results)- precission of the

equinoxes

UNIT-III

4.Central forces :10 hours

Central force- Def & examples- General properties of central forces-Conservative nature of

central forces, Planetary motion-Kepler’s laws (Statements & Explanation), Newton’s law of

gravitation from Kepler’s law, Geostationary Satellite Motion.

UNIT-IV

5. Fluid Flow :10 hours

The flow of ideal fluids-Equation of continuity –Bernoulli’s equation-Torricelli’s theorem-

The venture meter-Pitot’s tube-Viscosity and the flow of real fluids- Poisellious equation.

UNIT V

6. Relativistic effects :12 hours

Moving reference frames-Inertial reference frames-Galilean relativity (Elementary treatment

only, application to be covered)–Special theory of relativity-Statements of the two basic

postulates-Lorentz transformation equations-length contraction-time dilation-addition of

velocities-Momentum and relativistic mass- Mass –Energy equation, rest mass &

momentum of a particle.

Reference Books :


2. Properties of Matter - D.S. Mathur, S.Chand & Co, New Delhi ,11th

Edn., 2000

3. Properties of Matter - Brijlal& Subrmanyam ,S.Chand &Co. 1982

4. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald

5. Unified Physics Vol.I Mechanics,Waves and Oscillations – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd.,

Meerut.


(For Non-Maths Combinations)

II SEMESTER


UNIT-I: 15 hrs.

1.Oscillatory Motion

Simple harmonic motion-Equation of motion and solution-Simple harmonic motion from the

standpoint of energy-The rotor diagram representation of simple harmonic motion-

Compound pendulum-determination of g and k, torsional pendulum-determination of n,

Combination of Simple harmonic motions along a line and perpendicular to each other-

Lissajous figures-

UNIT II: 14 hrs

2.Damped Oscillators

Damped Vibrations- examples, damped harmonic oscillator-Equation of motion-Assumption

of solution for various boundary conditions- Over damping under damping and critical

damping-The harmonic oscillator-Equation of motion –Resonance-Sharpness of resonance-

Q-factor.

UNIT-III: 11 hrs

3. Wave Motion Progressive waves-Equation of a progressive wave-sinusoidal waves-Velocity of waves in

elastic media-Standing waves-Transverse vibrations of stretched strings, overtones and

harmonics. Sonometer verification of laws of transverse vibrations in a stretched string,

beats ( qualitative analysis Only).

UNIT-IV: 10 hrs

4.Acoustics

Classification of sound, Characteristics of musical sound, Acoustics of Buildings,

Reverberation, Sabine’s formula (without derivation) Absorption coefficient, Factors

affecting acoustics of buildings, Intensity of sound, Sound distribution in an auditorium.

UNIT V: 10 hrs.

5. Ultrasonics Ultrasonics, properties of ultrasonic waves, production of ultrasonics by piezoelectric and

magnetostriction methods, detection of ultrasonics, determination of wavelength of ultrasonic waves.

Applications of ultrasonic waves.

Reference Books:



3. Waves and Oscillations. S. Badami, V. Balasubramanian and K. Rama Reddy Orient

Longman.

4. Waves and Oscillations. N. Subramaniyam and Brijlal Vikas Publishing House Private

Limited.

5. Unified Physics Vol.I Mechanics, Waves and Oscillations – Jai Prakash Nath & Co.Ltd.,

Meerut.

6. Properties of Matter and Acoustics – R Murugeshan and K. Shivaprasath, S Chand &

Co.Ltd. (2005-Ed)

7. Acoustics – Waves and Oscillations - S. N. Sen – Wiley Estern Ltd

8. Text Book of Sound-S.R.Shankara Narayana, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi

Paper III: Optics

(For Non- Maths Combinations)

III SEMESTER


Unit – I :10 hrs

1. GEOMETRIC OPTICS

Aberrations in lenses-Chromatic Aberration-Achromatic Combination of lenses-

Monochromatic defects-Spherical aberration-Astigmatism-Coma-Curvature and Distortion-

Minimizing aberration.

UNIT II

2. INTERFERENCE: :13 hrs

The superstition principle, Condition for Interference, Classification of Interferences methods-

Young’s double slit experiment-Theory. Interference with white light and appearance of

Young’s interference fringes-Intensity in interference pattern-Optical Path length, Lloyd’s

single mirror-Phase change on reflection, Interference due to plane parallel wedge shaped

films, Colours in thin films-Newton rings-Michelson’s interferometer.

UNIT III

3. DIFFRACTION : 12 hrs

The Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction phenomena-Fraunhoffer diffraction of single Slit

normal incidence and oblique incidence – Resolving power –limits of resolution for

telescopes and microscope- Fraunhoffer diffraction by double slit-Intensity-pattern-

Diffraction grating- Wavelength determination (Normal incidence and Minimum deviation).

UNIT IV : 13 hrs

4. POLARIZATION

Types of Polarized light-Polarization by reflection, Brewster’s law-Dichroism the Polaroid-

double refraction- the calcite crystal-the principal plane-O and E rays-the Nicol Prism Law of

Malus –the quarter wave plate-Plane, Circularly, elliptically polarized light-Production and

analysis -Optical activity-Specific rotatory power -Polarimeter-Holography- Principles and

applications.

UNIT V :12 hrs.

5. Holography & Fiber Optics

Holography: Basic principle of holography-Gabor hologram and its limitations, holography

applications. Introduction- different types of fibres, rays and modes in an optical fibre, fibre

material, principles of fiber communication (qualitative treatment only), applications.

Reference Books:



3. A Text Book of Optics-N Subramanyam, L Brijlal, S.Chand & Co.

4. Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publication

Paper IV: Thermodynamics &Radiation Physics

(For Non- Mathematics Combinations)

IV SEMESTER


UNIT I

1. Kinetic theory of Gases: 12 hrs

Zeroth law of thermodynamics,measurment of temperature- resistance thermometry,

thermoelectric theromometers-kinetic theory of gases- assumptions-pressure of an ideal gas-

molecular interpretation of temerature- Maxwell’s law of distribution of molecular speeds (no

derivation)-experimental verification.

UNIT II

2. Thermodynamics: 12 hrs

The first law of thermodynamics- work done in isothermal and adiabatic changes -Reversible

and irreversible process-Carnot’s cycle-Carnot’s theorem - Second law of thermodynamics,

Kelvin’s and Claussius statements-Thermodynamics scale of temperature-Entropy, physical

significance-Change in entropy in reversible process-Entropy and disorder-Entropy of

universe.

Unit-III

3. Low temperature Physics: 12 hrs

Introduction-Joule Kelvin effect-porous plug experiment. Joule expansion-Distinction

between adiabatic and Joule Thomson expansion-Liquefaction of helium Kapitza’s method-

Adiabatic demagnetization-Production of low temperatures-Principle of refrigeration.

applications of substances at low-temperature.

UNIT IV

4. Measurement, laws and theories of radiation: 12 hrs

Black body-Ferry’s black body-distribution of energy in the spectrum of Black body- Wein’s

law- Planck’s radiation formula (no derivation)-Measurement of radiation-Types of

pyrometers-Disappearing filament optical pyrometer-experimental determination-Angstrom

Pyroheliometer-determination of solar constant, effective temperature of sun.

UNIT V

5.Thermo-electricity: 12 hrs

Seebeck effect-measurement of thermo emf using potentiometer,Peltier effect, determination

of Peltier effect-S.G.Starling method, Thomson coefficient-Thermoelectric diagrams, Uses of

thermoelectric diagrams- i) determination of total emf, ii) determination of Peltier emf, iii)

determination of Thomson emf and iv) thermo emf in a general couple, neutral temperature

and temperature of inversion Reference Books:



3. Electricity and Magnetism, S.Chand & Company, Mew Delhi, 1995.

NOTE: Problems should be solved at the end of every chapter of all units.

Paper V

Electrostatics, Electricity & Magnetism

(For Non- Maths Combinations)

V Semester


UNIT-1: 15 hrs

1. Electric field and potential

Coulomb’s law, its verification (by Cavendish method) – electric field and intensity of

electric field –intensity of electric field due to i) a point charge, ii) infinitely long charged

wire,iii) finite line of charge –electric dipole and dipole moment. Gauss’s law statement and

its proof- applications of Gauss Law to (1) Uniformly charged sphere (2) an infinite

conducting sheet of charge and (3) charged cylinder. Electrical potential – equi-potential

surfaces- potential due to i) a point charge, ii) charged spherical shell and uniformly charged

circular disc.

UNIT II 10 hrs

2. Capacitance and dielectrics

Derivation of expression for capacity due to i) a parallel plate capacitor with and without

dielectric, ii) a spherical capacitor. Energy stored in a capacitor, electric capacitance.

Electric dipole moment Di-electrics with examples, effect of electric field-electric

displacement D, electric polarization P, permeability & susceptibility(Definitions only) –

relation between D,E and P.

UNIT III :10 hrs

3. Current electricity

Current and current density, drift velocity expression, Kirchhoff’s laws –statement and

explanation and application to Wheatstone bridge, sensitivity of Wheatstone bridge, Carey-

Foster’s bridge- experiment to measurement temperature coefficient of resistance- strain

gauge-piezoelectric transducers (applications only)

UNIT IV :10 hrs

4. Ionic conduction

Faraday’s laws of electrolysis-ionic conductivity-derivation of expression. Primary and

secondary cells-voltaic cell –lead acid cell, resistance in human body-electrical activity in

the heart-artificial peacemakers.

UNIT V :15 hrs

5. Electromagnetism

Magnetic induction B, magnetic flux – Biot –Savert’s law, magnetic induction due to (i) a

long straight conductor carrying current (ii) on the axis of a circular coil carrying current

(iii) solenoid, Ampere’s law – derivation of expression for the force on (i) charged particles

and (ii) current carrying conductor in the magnetic field, Hall effect and its importance-

electromagnetic pumping.

Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s law - Construction, theory and working

of B.G., damping correction, self induction, mutual induction their units- electromagnetic

measurement of blood flow.

Textbooks

1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath – S. Chand & Co. for

semi conductor & Digital Principles).

2. Electricity and Magnetism Brijlal and Subramanyam. Ratan Prakashan Mandir.

3. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald, Addison

Wiley.


Paper VI

Modern Physics


V Semester


UNIT-1: :15 hrs

1.Fundamentals of quantum mechanics

Photoelectric effect – Explanation through demonstration, Einstein’s Photoelectric equation

– its verification by Millikan’s experiment –theory of Compton effect ( no derivation) and its

experimental verification –Bohr’s theory of Hydrogen atom – Derivation of expression for

energy levels and spectral series of Hydrogen atom, atomic excitation, Frank Hertz

experiment, Pauli’s exclusion principle- explanation of different types of quantum numbers.

UNIT -II :10 hrs

2. Wave nature of Matter

Dual nature of radiation- de Broglie’s theory of matter waves, Davisson and Germer

experiment on electron diffraction – Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle (a) determination of

position of a particle by microscope (b) diffraction by a single slit, meaning of the wave

function-Schrodinger wave equation (no derivative) –explanation.

UNIT III: 10 hrs

3. Uncertanity Principle

Heisenberg’s uncertainity principle for position and momentumfor (x and p), energy and

time (E and t). Gamma ray microscope. Diffraction by a single slit, position of electron in

Bohr orbit. Particle in a box, complementary principle of Bohr.

UNIT IV: 15 hrs

4. Spectroscopy

X-ray spectra-continuous and characterstics x-ray spectra-Mosley’s law –its importance-X-

ray diffraction-Bragg’s law-its experimental verification.

Lasers-sponaneous and stimulated emission –population inversion-Ruby, Helium-neon

lasers- description and working only-uses of lasers. Raman effect, hypothesis, classical

theory of Raman effect. Experimental arrangement for Raman effect and its application.

UNIT V: 10 hrs

5. Cosmic rays

Discovery-altitude & latitude effects- directional effects- Van Allen belts- Primary and

secondary cosmic rays- pair production and annihilation- Cosmic ray showers-discovery and

types of mesons-Elementary particles-classification and their nature.

Textbooks

1. Modern Physics by R. Murugeshan and Kiruthiga Siva Prasath. S. Chand & Co.

2. Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy by G. Aruldhas. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.

3. Spectroscopy –Atomic and Molecular by Gurdeep R Chatwal and Shyam Anand – Himalaya

Publishing House.

4. Third Year Physics - Telugu Academy

5. Physics for Biology and Premedical Students –D.N. Burns & SGG Mac Donald, Addison

Wiley.

Paper VII : Electrical circuits & Electronics

(For non Mathematics Combinations)

VI SEMESTER


UNIT I : 13 hrs

1. Electrical circuits

Growth and decay of currents in L-R, C-R and LCR circuits –using d.c supply.

Peak, average and rms values of a.c. and voltages-derivation of their inter relationships-

form factor- power in ac circuits-power factor –alternating currents in resistances- L-R, C-R

and L-C-R circuits. L-R, C-R and L-C-R series circuits. Resonance q factor, parallel LCR

circuit-skin effect –transformer (explanation of principle only)

UNIT- II: 12 hrs

2. Basic Electronics

Energy band theory of solids, junction diode its V-I characteristics, Zener diode, half and

full wave rectifiers(semiconductor type), action of filters Land π type, pnp and npn

transistors , npn transistor characteristics , CE configuration –RC coupled amplifier –

Hartely oscillarot-CRO circuit and working- measurement of dc voltage , ac voltage –phase

and frequency.

UNIT- III: 12 hrs

3. Digital Electronics

Binary number system , conversion of Binary number system into decimal number system

and vice versa, Binary addition and sub-straction (1’s and 2’s complement methods). Logic

gates: OR,AND , NOT and NOR,NAND and EX-OR gates their truth tables, realization of

these gates using discrete components, NAND and NOR gates are as universal gates, De

Morgans’s theorems statements and proof. Half and Full adders.

UNIT- IV: 10 hrs

Hybrid Parameters

Input , Output impedence , voltage , current , power gain of CE amplifier , VTVM ,

multimeter , difference between moving coil volt meter and VTVM.

UNIT- V : 13 hrs

5. Magnetic properties of matter

Types of magnetic materials-paramagnetic, diamagnetic and ferromagnetic materials and

their properties. Magnetic intensity I, magnetic susceptibility-derivation for expression

relating intensity, susceptibiityand field. Curie-temperature. I-H curve –explanation of

remnance, coefcive force.

Paper VIII: Nuclear Physics & Medical Physics

(For Non-Mathematics Combinations)

VI SEMESTER

UNIT I

1. PHYSICS OF THE BODY: 8 hrs

Nature and characteristics of sound, Production of speech, Physics of the ear, Diagnostics

with sound and ultrasound-Physics of the eye. Physics of the nervous system, Electrical

signals and information transfer.

2. RADIATION AND RADIATION PROTECTION: 6 hrs

Principles of radiation protection– protective materials-radiation effects – somatic, genetic

stochastic & deterministic effect, Natural radioactivity, Biological effects of radiation,

Radiation monitors.

UNIT II

3. Radioactivity: 12 hrs

The nature of radioactive emissions, the law of Radioactive decay, derivation, decay

constant, Half life and mean life periods - derivations, units of radio activity, Carbon and

Uranium dating (explanation) Radioactive isotopes as tracers, radio cardio-graphy.

Radiation detectors –i) Scientillation counter 2) GM counter 3) Cloud chamber 4) Bubble

chamber.

UNIT -III

4. Nucleus : 11 hrs

Basic properties of nucleus-mass charge, density, spin momentum, binding energy &

stability of nucleus, particle accelerators (i) Cyclotron (ii) Synchrocyclotron and (iii)

Betatron-description,working and theory-Nuclear reactions involving neutrons-nuclear

fission energy per fission, nuclear reactor-nuclear fusion, energy released in fusion, carbon-

nitrogen cycle- Bainbridge and Dempster mass spectrographs- description and working.

UNIT IV

5. Superconductivity: 8 hrs

Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. BCS theory (elementaty

ideas only) Meissner effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London’s Equation and

Penetration Depth. Isotope effect, applications of super conductors.

6. Nanomaterials 6 hrs

Introduction, nanoparticles, metal nanoclusters, semiconductor nanoparticles, carbon

clusters, carbon nanotubes,quantum nanostructures, nanodot, nanowire and quantum well-

applications of nano materials.

UNIT V

7. MEDICAL IMAGING PHYSICS: 9 hrs

X-ray diagnostics and imaging, Physics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) – NMR

imaging – MRI Radiological imaging –Radiography –X-ray film – film processing –

fluoroscopy Ultrasound imaging – magnetic resonance imaging – thyroid uptake system –

Gamma camera (Only Principle, function and display).

Books

1. B.Sc. Physics – Telugu Academy.

2. Physics for Bioogy and Premedical Students-D.M. Burns &SGG McDonald. Addison

wiley.

3. Medical Physics, J.R. Cameron and J.G.Skofronick, Wiley (1978)

4. Basic Radiological Physics Dr. K. Thayalan - Jayapee Brothers Medical Publishing Pvt.

Ltd. New Delhi (2003)

5. Physics of Radiation Therapy : F M Khan - Williams and Wilkins, Third edition (2003)

6. Physics of the human body, Irving P. Herman, Springer (2007).

7. The Physics of Radiology-H E Johns and Cunningham.

8.

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