Taking a Stand in History: People, Ideas, Events Marsha Ingrao, Instructional Consultant [email protected]

Taking a Stand in Taking a Stand in History:History:

People, Ideas, EventsPeople, Ideas, EventsMarsha Ingrao, Instructional Consultant

[email protected]

Internet ResearchInternet Research

Session #2Session #2

Charting ProgressCharting Progress

Starting at the Starting at the bottom of the bottom of the graph, put a dot on graph, put a dot on the graph if you the graph if you have collected have collected information from information from the source listed.the source listed.

Theme Videos Process

History Day Research

NormsNorms

Use words and actions that are Use words and actions that are respectful.respectful.

Communicate with both yourself Communicate with both yourself and others in mind.and others in mind.

Encourage the exchange of ideas.Encourage the exchange of ideas. Listen attentively with the intention Listen attentively with the intention

to understand.to understand.

AgendaAgenda

Step One Selecting Topic – ReviewStep One Selecting Topic – Review Step Two : Begin ResearchingStep Two : Begin Researching

Secondary Sources OnlineSecondary Sources OnlinePrimary Sources OnlinePrimary Sources OnlineInternet Quality CheckInternet Quality Check

Step Three: DocumentationStep Three: DocumentationBibliographyBibliographyProcess PaperProcess Paper

Review: Evaluating Web Review: Evaluating Web SourcesSources

What is the domain?What is the domain?edu=educationedu=educationGov=governmentGov=governmentOrg=organizationOrg=organizationCom=commercialCom=commercial~=personal page example: .edu/~lincoln~=personal page example: .edu/~lincoln

Credentials of the authorCredentials of the author Name of organizationName of organization Websites that link to your siteWebsites that link to your site

Search EnginesSearch Engines

Efficient ways to Efficient ways to searchsearch

Differences among Differences among search enginessearch engines

Name _______________________________________________

Internet Search Activity Frank Linik

Enter the following queries into the search engine, Google, and record the number of matches. English literature ____________________________________ “English literature” __________________________________ English literature AND Romantic _______________________ English literature AND Keats ___________________________ English literature AND Romantic AND Keats _____________ English literature AND Romantic NOT Keats ______________ Keats ______________ John Keats _________________ John Keats and Romantic literature __________________ Google tells you: “The AND operator is unnecessary – we include all search terms by default.” Enter the following searches and compare the results. English literature Romantic Keats _______________________ English literature AND Romantic AND Keats ______________ Continue using Google. If you are researching bears in Alaska, see how the Search Engine Math helps. bears __________________________ bears – Chicago _____________________ bears + Alaska _______________________ bears + Alaska + Kodiak _______________ Compare the search results for English in the following search tools. What is the heading for the first category of links listed in the search results? http://www.msn.com ______________________ __________________ http://www.yahoo.com ______________________ __________________ http://www.lycos.com ______________________ __________________ http://www.dogpile.com ______________________ __________________ Natural language search engines let you ask a question. Conduct the following search and check out the results. Ask Jeeves for Kids: http://www.ajkids.com Why is the sky blue? Words that help you search: AND, OR, NOT, NEAR Math that helps you search: +, -, “ ”, ( ), *

Partner ReflectionPartner Reflection

If we had unlimited time we could If we had unlimited time we could search forever. With all the search search forever. With all the search engines available, which one or ones engines available, which one or ones seem to fit your needs best? seem to fit your needs best?

What surprised you in this activity?What surprised you in this activity?

Windows OpeningWindows Opening

Keep one window open. Keep one window open. http://citationmachine.net/ http://citationmachine.net/

Keep your note taking window open Keep your note taking window open (Cornell notes)(Cornell notes)

Keep your process paper open. Keep your process paper open.

Use Primary SourcesUse Primary Sources

Learn about your topic using primary Learn about your topic using primary sources.sources.

Primary Sources are documents that Primary Sources are documents that are created by:are created by: people who participated in the events people who participated in the events

or;or;people who witnessed the event.people who witnessed the event.

Types of Primary SourcesTypes of Primary Sources Written Documents (diaries, memos, Written Documents (diaries, memos,

reports, deeds, wills, official records, reports, deeds, wills, official records, personal records)personal records)

PhotographsPhotographs CartoonsCartoons PostersPosters MapsMaps ArtifactsArtifacts Sound recordingsSound recordings Motion picturesMotion pictures

Recent Primary SourcesRecent Primary Sources

Recent is considered anytime in the Recent is considered anytime in the past 60 years. There is usually past 60 years. There is usually someone still alive who has someone still alive who has participated in events that you can participated in events that you can email, phone, or write.email, phone, or write.

Time and Place RuleTime and Place Rule

““This rule says the closer in time and This rule says the closer in time and place a source and its creator were place a source and its creator were to the event in the past, the better to the event in the past, the better the source will be.” the source will be.” Library of Congress Learning PageLibrary of Congress Learning Page

Evaluating Primary SourcesEvaluating Primary Sources

Test reliability of a primary sourceTest reliability of a primary sourceTime and Place RuleTime and Place RuleBias RuleBias RuleCrosscheck Crosscheck Questions to Ask YourselfQuestions to Ask YourselfWeb SourcesWeb Sources

Bias RuleBias Rule

““Says that every source is biased in some Says that every source is biased in some way. Documents tell us only what the way. Documents tell us only what the creator of the document thought happened, creator of the document thought happened, or perhaps only what the creator wants us to or perhaps only what the creator wants us to think happened…think happened… Every piece of evidence and every source must Every piece of evidence and every source must

be read or viewed skeptically and critically. be read or viewed skeptically and critically. No piece of evidence should be taken at face No piece of evidence should be taken at face

value. The creator's point of view must be value. The creator's point of view must be considered. considered.

Each piece of evidence and source must be Each piece of evidence and source must be cross-checked and compared with related cross-checked and compared with related sources and pieces of evidence.” Library of sources and pieces of evidence.” Library of Congress Learning PageCongress Learning Page

Partner ReflectionPartner Reflection

What ideas might you be having What ideas might you be having about how will you could scaffold this about how will you could scaffold this process to make it easier for your process to make it easier for your students?students?

Primary Sources on the Primary Sources on the InternetInternet

National Archives and Records National Archives and Records AdministrationAdministration

NARA Digital ClassroomNARA Digital Classroom Library of Congress: American Library of Congress: American

MemoryMemory The Avalon Project at Yale Law The Avalon Project at Yale Law

SchoolSchool Bartleby.com Search QuotationsBartleby.com Search Quotations

U.S. National Archives & Records Administration www.archives.gov December 1, 2005

Cartoon Analysis Worksheet Level 1

Visuals Words (not all cartoons include words)

1. List the objects or people you see in the cartoon.

1. Identify the cartoon caption and/or title.

2. Locate three words or phrases used by the cartoonist to identify objects or people within the cartoon.

3. Record any important dates or numbers that appear in the cartoon.

Level 2

Visuals Words

2. Which of the objects on your list are symbols?

3. What do you think each symbol means?

4. Which words or phrases in the cartoon appear to be the most significant? Why do you think so?

5. List adjectives that describe the emotions portrayed in the cartoon.

Level 3

A. Describe the action taking place in the cartoon.

B. Explain how the words in the cartoon clarify the symbols.

C. Explain the message of the cartoon.

D. What special interest groups would agree/disagree with the cartoon's message? Why?

Designed and developed by the Education Staff, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Page url: http://wwwlarchives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/analysis_worksheets/artifact.html

Cartoon Analysis Worksheet

Political cartoonsPolitical cartoonswww.archives.gowww.archives.gov v Cartoon Analysis Cartoon Analysis WorksheetWorksheet

Three Levels of Three Levels of AnalysisAnalysisRecord what you Record what you

see.see.Record feelings Record feelings

and symbols.and symbols.Search for Search for

deeper meaning.deeper meaning.

Analyzing Political CartoonsAnalyzing Political Cartoons

Photo Analysis Photo Analysis WorksheetWorksheet

Name _______________________________________________


Photograph Analysis Worksheet Modified for Workshop Use

Step One: Observation A. Study the photograph for 2 minutes. Form an overall impression of the photo and then examine individual items. Next, divide the photo into quadrants and study each section to see what new details appear. Use the chart below to name the things you can actually touch in the photo.

People Objects Activities

Step Two: Inference What can’t you touch, but you know from looking at the picture? List three things you might infer from this photograph.

Step Three: Questions What questions do you still have in your mind? List three questions you can’t answer from looking at the picture.

Where could you find answers to your questions?

Designed and developed by the Education Staff, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Page url: http:/ /wwwlarchives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/analysis_worksheets/artifact.html

Three stepsThree stepsRecord what you Record what you can touch.can touch.Hypothesize or Hypothesize or infer.infer.Record questions Record questions raised.raised.

Analyzing PhotosAnalyzing Photos

PracticePractice

Using ARC enter “533461” as a Using ARC enter “533461” as a keyword to put together an oral keyword to put together an oral report and slide show or PowerPoint report and slide show or PowerPoint presentation using as "slides" digital presentation using as "slides" digital images on the computer screen. images on the computer screen.

Copy 3-7 pictures into a power point Copy 3-7 pictures into a power point presentationpresentation

Analyze them in the slide following Analyze them in the slide following each photo.each photo.

Written Document Written Document Analysis WorksheetAnalysis Worksheet


Written Document Analysis Worksheet Modified for Workshop Use

Written Document Analysis Worksheet

1. TYPE OF DOCUMENT (Check one):

_ __ Newspaper _ __ Letter _ __ Patent _ __ Memorandum

_ __ Map ___ Telegram ___ Press release _ __ Report

_ __ Advertisement _ __ Congressional record _ __ Census report _ __ Other

2. UNIQUE PHYSICAL QUALITIES OF THE DOCUMENT (Check one or more):

_ __ Interesting letterhead ___ Handwritten ___ Typed ___ Seals

_ __ Notations ___ "RECEIVED" stamp ___ Other

3. DATE(S) OF DOCUMENT:

_ __________________________________________________________________________

4. AUTHOR (OR CREATOR) OF THE DOCUMENT: _ __________________________________________________________________________ POSITION (TITLE): _ ____________ ______________________________________________________________

5. FOR WHAT AUDIENCE WAS THE DOCUMENT WRITTEN? ___________________________________________________________________________

6. DOCUMENT INFORMATION (There are many possible ways to answer A-E.) A. List three things the author said that you think are important: _ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ ________________________________________________ B. Why do you think this document was written? ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ C. What evidence in the document helps you know why it was written? Quote from the document. _ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ D. List two things the document tells you about life in the United States at the time it was written: _ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ E. Write a question to the author that is left unanswered by the document: _ __________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________

Designed and developed by the Education Staff, National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, DC 20408. Page url: http://www.archives.gov/digital_classroom/lessons/analysis_worksheets/document.html

Six StepsSix StepsType of Type of documentdocumentPhysical Physical QualitiesQualitiesDateDateAuthorAuthorAudienceAudienceInformation in Information in documentdocument

Written Written DocumentDocument

Use the worksheet to analyze document.http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/jackie-robinson/letter-1958.html

QuotationsQuotations

Use quotations often to make a Use quotations often to make a point.point.

Explain your reactions to the quote Explain your reactions to the quote as it pertains to the theme or your as it pertains to the theme or your thesis.thesis.

Step Four: Continue Step Four: Continue ResearchingResearching

Public LibrariesPublic Libraries University LibrariesUniversity Libraries Historical Societies – Local for the Historical Societies – Local for the

area your are studyingarea your are studying Other organizationsOther organizations MuseumsMuseums Book/video storesBook/video stores Historic SitesHistoric Sites

Local LibraryLocal Library

Public Library Public Library (local historic photos available online)(local historic photos available online)

Librarians – a great resourceLibrarians – a great resource Reference booksReference books General historical worksGeneral historical works Internet accessInternet access VideosVideos Historical novelsHistorical novels News clippings of local eventsNews clippings of local events Special collectionsSpecial collections Historical monographs Historical monographs (A scholarly piece of writing of essay (A scholarly piece of writing of essay

or book length on a specific, often limited subject. )or book length on a specific, often limited subject. )

University LibrariesUniversity Libraries

Librarians – Librarians – (can make searching go faster)(can make searching go faster)

Historical AtlassesHistorical Atlasses Popular magazinesPopular magazines Previous studies on your topicPrevious studies on your topic

State and Local Historical State and Local Historical SocietiesSocieties

Sometimes offer scholarships or want to display Sometimes offer scholarships or want to display your work when you are finishedyour work when you are finished

Manuscript collectionsManuscript collections Letters and diariesLetters and diaries Papers of prominent local individualsPapers of prominent local individuals Oral history collectionsOral history collections Birth, marriage and death recordsBirth, marriage and death records PhotographsPhotographs PamphletsPamphlets State Commission reportsState Commission reports Historical object collectionsHistorical object collections

OrganizationsOrganizations

ChurchesChurches Fraternal organizationsFraternal organizations Ethnic societiesEthnic societies Political parties or organizationsPolitical parties or organizations CorporationsCorporations Veterans GroupsVeterans Groups Community CentersCommunity Centers

Video StoreVideo Store

Amazon.comAmazon.com Powells.comPowells.com Local video storeLocal video store

Visiting Historical SitesVisiting Historical Sites

You get a feel for where the event You get a feel for where the event took place.took place.

You can take your own pictures.You can take your own pictures. You can find experts.You can find experts. The site may have its own research The site may have its own research

collection.collection. Call or write for appointments to get Call or write for appointments to get

the best results.the best results.

Summer InstituteSummer Institute

ATTENTION TEACHERS: National ATTENTION TEACHERS: National History Day Is holding the second History Day Is holding the second summer institute in Williamsburg, summer institute in Williamsburg, VA.VA.